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|text="As president of the Hebrew Congregation, Sharith Israel, as a devout follower of the faith, and a citizen of our city for the past twenty years, I hope the observations I here note may be of some value in the records of the future and waken some interest in the present ... Our synagogue at present, while not elaborate, is impressive, and on Saturday morning our Sabbath service is conducted by a competent rabbi, and the Word of God is uttered..."}}
|text="As president of the Hebrew Congregation, Sharith Israel, as a devout follower of the faith, and a citizen of our city for the past twenty years, I hope the observations I here note may be of some value in the records of the future and waken some interest in the present ... Our synagogue at present, while not elaborate, is impressive, and on Saturday morning our Sabbath service is conducted by a competent rabbi, and the Word of God is uttered..."}}
Aaronson noted that the community counted sixty families and many were poor or middle class but "content with their lot, and willing to lend a helping hand."
Aaronson noted that the community counted sixty families and many were poor or middle class but "content with their lot, and willing to lend a helping hand."
In 1890 Rabbi Chaim (Hyman) Mordechai Lasker (1864-1932) was hired as the rabbi of Sharith Israel. Rabbi Lasker came from [[Łomża]], [[Poland]]. He had studied in [[Kaunas]] (Kovno) and received ordination from Rabbi [[Yitzchak Elchanan Spektor]]. Among his achievements in Portland was the organization of Talmudic study groups that continued for years after he left the city.<ref>The Talmud study groups were led by Michael Rubinsky, Abraham J. Bernstein, and Joseph Modes. In "Portland Jewry" p. 21. See online at: https://www.mainejews.org/docs/BenBand/Chap5.pdf</ref> Rabbi Lasker left Portland for Buffalo in 1895 and he was replaced by Rabbi A. Sharshafsky.<ref>See his work on Portland, Shershevsky 1896 (Aronson: New York)</ref> He was rabbi from 1895-1897. After Rabbi Lasker left his role was filed by a Lazarus Druker, a learned immigrant from The Pale who also fulfilled the ritual duties of [[shechita]], or animal slaughter, for the community. Another [[shul]] was started in 1890 on Fore St. in Portland, calling itself Beth Hamidrash Hagadol. This group, headed by Isaac Abrams, also ran a Hebrew school. In 1899 Sharith Israel brought in a new rabbi named Rabbi Solomon David Ha-Kohen Sprince (1846-1929). Rabbi Sprince was born in [[Mezhirichi]]. He studied in [[Krynki]] (Poland) and [[Volozhin]]. He had served as a rabbi for a short stint in Paris and was friends with Rabbi [[Zadoc Kahn]], the chief rabbi of France. Meanwhile in 1901 Congregation Beth Judah brought in a rabbi named David Feinstein, but they agreed to call Rabbi Sprince of Sharith Israel, the Chief Rabbi of Portland. Nevertheless in 1902, Rabbi Sprince left Portland for Montreal.<ref>Band, Benjamin. "Portland Jewry,"p.22. See also, "Rabbi Shlomo David Sprince," at kevarim.com https://kevarim.com/rabbi-shlomo-dov-sprince/ After serving in Maine, Rabbi Sprince served in Montreal at the Austro-Hungarian Synagogue, 1901-1904), B’nai Jacob (Associate 1902-1905), Chevra Shaas (Associate 1903-5), and Temple Solomon Ahavash Achim (Associate (1906-8). Shortly thereafter he moved to Boston. In 1912, he published a book, Kerem Shlomo.</ref>
In 1890 Rabbi Chaim (Hyman) Mordechai Lasker (1864-1932) was hired as the rabbi of Sharith Israel. Rabbi Lasker came from [[Łomża]], [[Poland]]. He had studied in [[Kaunas]] (Kovno) and received ordination from Rabbi [[Yitzchak Elchanan Spektor]]. Among his achievements in Portland was the organization of Talmudic study groups that continued for years after he left the city.<ref>The Talmud study groups were led by Michael Rubinsky, Abraham J. Bernstein, and Joseph Modes. In "Portland Jewry" p. 21. See online at: https://www.mainejews.org/docs/BenBand/Chap5.pdf</ref> Rabbi Lasker left Portland for Buffalo in 1895 and he was replaced by Rabbi A. Sharshafsky.<ref>See his work on Portland, Shershevsky 1896 (Aronson: New York)</ref> He was rabbi from 1895-1897. After Rabbi Lasker left his role was filed by a Lazarus Druker, a learned immigrant from The Pale who also fulfilled the ritual duties of [[shechita]], or animal slaughter, for the community. Another [[shul]] was started in 1890 on Fore St. in Portland, calling itself Beth Hamidrash Hagadol. This group, headed by Isaac Abrams, also ran a Hebrew school. In 1899 Sharith Israel brought in a new rabbi named Rabbi Solomon David Ha-Kohen Sprince (1846-1929). Rabbi Sprince was born in [[Mezhirichi]]. He studied in [[Krynki]] (Poland) and [[Volozhin]], under [[misnagdim]] teachers. He had served as a rabbi for a short stint in Paris and was friends with Rabbi [[Zadoc Kahn]], the chief rabbi of France. Meanwhile in 1901 Congregation Beth Judah brought in a rabbi named David Feinstein, but they agreed to call Rabbi Sprince of Sharith Israel, the Chief Rabbi of Portland. Nevertheless in 1902, Rabbi Sprince left Portland for Montreal.<ref>Band, Benjamin. "Portland Jewry,"p.22. See also, "Rabbi Shlomo David Sprince," at kevarim.com https://kevarim.com/rabbi-shlomo-dov-sprince/ After serving in Maine, Rabbi Sprince served in Montreal at the Austro-Hungarian Synagogue, 1901-1904), B’nai Jacob (Associate 1902-1905), Chevra Shaas (Associate 1903-5), and Temple Solomon Ahavash Achim (Associate (1906-8). Shortly thereafter he moved to Boston. In 1912, he published a book, Kerem Shlomo.</ref>
Following all this changeover and division in the community, an effort was made to coordinate and establish one large synagogue to represent the community as a gathering place for all. In 1900 Sharith Israel and Beth Midrash Hagadol agreed to build a new synagogue together. It became known as Shaarey Tphiloh and was built on Newbury Street.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mainememory.net/artifact/53999|title=Synagogue Building Association record book, Portland, ca. 1902|website=Maine Memory Network|accessdate=17 June 2023}}</ref> In 1907 the congregation hired its first [[Rav]], Rabbi Chaim Nosson Shohet, a deeply religious scholar who had served as a rabbi to Jewish communities in the Russian Empire (modern day Estonia and Lithuania).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kevarim.com/rabbi-chaim-nosson-shochet/|title=Rabbi Chaim Nosson Shohet &#124; kevarim.com|date=24 October 2017|accessdate=17 June 2023}}</ref>
Following all this changeover and division in the community, an effort was made to coordinate and establish one large synagogue to represent the community as a gathering place for all. In 1900 Sharith Israel and Beth Midrash Hagadol agreed to build a new synagogue together. It became known as Shaarey Tphiloh and was built on Newbury Street.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mainememory.net/artifact/53999|title=Synagogue Building Association record book, Portland, ca. 1902|website=Maine Memory Network|accessdate=17 June 2023}}</ref> In 1907 the congregation hired its first [[Rav]], Rabbi Chaim Nosson Shohet, a deeply religious scholar who had served as a rabbi to Jewish communities in the Russian Empire (modern day Estonia and Lithuania).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kevarim.com/rabbi-chaim-nosson-shochet/|title=Rabbi Chaim Nosson Shohet &#124; kevarim.com|date=24 October 2017|accessdate=17 June 2023}}</ref>
The congregation's first building, a large, [[Neoclassical architecture|neo-Classical]] building, was constructed between 1901 and 1905 at 145 Newbury Street in the [[Old Port of Portland, Maine|Old Port]] neighborhood of Portland.<ref>''Maine's Jewish Heritage'', Abraham J. Peck, Jean M. Peck, Arcadia Publishing, 2007, p. 36.</ref><ref>''Portland Jewry, its growth and development'', Benjamin Band, Jewish Historical Society, 1955.</ref> At the cornerstone dedication on September 14, 1904, Dr. Elias Caplan, a prestigious member of the congregation, declared that the community not only honored its Jewish traditions but also was meant to be patriotic to the United States, "“We are witnessing today in this great country the dawn of a new era… The institutions of this mighty republic are our institutions, its laws are our laws, its flag, the flag of the free and the brave, our flag."<ref>In Michael Cohen, "Adapting Orthodoxy to American Life: Shaarey Tphiloh and the Development of Modern Orthodoxy, 1905-2005" pp.14-15.</ref>
The congregation's first building, a large, [[Neoclassical architecture|neo-Classical]] building, was constructed between 1901 and 1905 at 145 Newbury Street in the [[Old Port of Portland, Maine|Old Port]] neighborhood of Portland.<ref>''Maine's Jewish Heritage'', Abraham J. Peck, Jean M. Peck, Arcadia Publishing, 2007, p. 36.</ref><ref>''Portland Jewry, its growth and development'', Benjamin Band, Jewish Historical Society, 1955.</ref> At the cornerstone dedication on September 14, 1904, Dr. Elias Caplan, a prestigious member of the congregation, declared that the community not only honored its Jewish traditions but also was meant to be patriotic to the United States, "“We are witnessing today in this great country the dawn of a new era… The institutions of this mighty republic are our institutions, its laws are our laws, its flag, the flag of the free and the brave, our flag."<ref>In Michael Cohen, "Adapting Orthodoxy to American Life: Shaarey Tphiloh and the Development of Modern Orthodoxy, 1905-2005" pp.14-15.</ref>

Revision as of 10:17, 18 June 2023

For similarly named synagogues, see Shaare Tefila.

Shaarey Tphiloh
The synagogue of Etz Chaim was built in 1921 in the neighborhood of Shaarey Tphiloh on Noyes St. The Etz Chaim synagogue was named for Rabbi Chaim Shohet a former rabbi of Shaarey Tphiloh who died the same year in which construction of the synagogue began. Today the Etz Chaim building is home to the Maine Jewish Museum.[1]
Religion
AffiliationOrthodox Judaism
RiteNusach Ashkenaz
LeadershipDr. Natan Kahn
StatusActive
Location
Location400 Deering Ave. Portland, ME
Website
http://www.mainesynagogue.org/wp/

Shaarey Tphiloh is a Jewish congregation in Portland, Maine. It is "Portland, Maine’s oldest continuously operating synagogue".[2] The name of the synagogue literally means "Gates of Prayer" in Hebrew.

History

Immigrant Jews started arriving in large numbers to Portland, Maine from the Pale of Settlement at the end of the nineteenth and beginning of the twentieth century. In 1873 "the Jewish Messenger" of New York reported that "The first Jewish ceremony ever witnessed in Portland, Maine was performed lately. A priest of the faith came on from New York and went to the slaughter house, attired in his official robes, to kill an ox for the food of the faithful."[3] In the 1880s the Portland Jewish community increased to sixty families.[4] In 1912, the Jewish population stood at 2000. In 1920 it climbed to 3000. Portland was referred to as the "Jerusalem of the north" because of its religious Jewish population.[5] In 1930 Jews were about ten percent of the city's general population. In the late 1880s two prayer congregations emerged: Shaarith Israel and Beth Midrash Hagadol from the approximately 80 Jewish families. One group was led by Barnard Aaronson and the other by Jacob and Isaac Judelsohn. Aaronson's group was Congregation Sharith Israel and they considered themselves more modern than the group led by the Judelsohns, Congregation Beth Judah. On July 4, 1886 Barnard Aaronson spoke at a celebration in honor of the city's 100th anniversary. He said:

"As president of the Hebrew Congregation, Sharith Israel, as a devout follower of the faith, and a citizen of our city for the past twenty years, I hope the observations I here note may be of some value in the records of the future and waken some interest in the present ... Our synagogue at present, while not elaborate, is impressive, and on Saturday morning our Sabbath service is conducted by a competent rabbi, and the Word of God is uttered..."

Aaronson noted that the community counted sixty families and many were poor or middle class but "content with their lot, and willing to lend a helping hand." In 1890 Rabbi Chaim (Hyman) Mordechai Lasker (1864-1932) was hired as the rabbi of Sharith Israel. Rabbi Lasker came from Łomża, Poland. He had studied in Kaunas (Kovno) and received ordination from Rabbi Yitzchak Elchanan Spektor. Among his achievements in Portland was the organization of Talmudic study groups that continued for years after he left the city.[6] Rabbi Lasker left Portland for Buffalo in 1895 and he was replaced by Rabbi A. Sharshafsky.[7] He was rabbi from 1895-1897. After Rabbi Lasker left his role was filed by a Lazarus Druker, a learned immigrant from The Pale who also fulfilled the ritual duties of shechita, or animal slaughter, for the community. Another shul was started in 1890 on Fore St. in Portland, calling itself Beth Hamidrash Hagadol. This group, headed by Isaac Abrams, also ran a Hebrew school. In 1899 Sharith Israel brought in a new rabbi named Rabbi Solomon David Ha-Kohen Sprince (1846-1929). Rabbi Sprince was born in Mezhirichi. He studied in Krynki (Poland) and Volozhin, under misnagdim teachers. He had served as a rabbi for a short stint in Paris and was friends with Rabbi Zadoc Kahn, the chief rabbi of France. Meanwhile in 1901 Congregation Beth Judah brought in a rabbi named David Feinstein, but they agreed to call Rabbi Sprince of Sharith Israel, the Chief Rabbi of Portland. Nevertheless in 1902, Rabbi Sprince left Portland for Montreal.[8] Following all this changeover and division in the community, an effort was made to coordinate and establish one large synagogue to represent the community as a gathering place for all. In 1900 Sharith Israel and Beth Midrash Hagadol agreed to build a new synagogue together. It became known as Shaarey Tphiloh and was built on Newbury Street.[9] In 1907 the congregation hired its first Rav, Rabbi Chaim Nosson Shohet, a deeply religious scholar who had served as a rabbi to Jewish communities in the Russian Empire (modern day Estonia and Lithuania).[10] The congregation's first building, a large, neo-Classical building, was constructed between 1901 and 1905 at 145 Newbury Street in the Old Port neighborhood of Portland.[11][12] At the cornerstone dedication on September 14, 1904, Dr. Elias Caplan, a prestigious member of the congregation, declared that the community not only honored its Jewish traditions but also was meant to be patriotic to the United States, "“We are witnessing today in this great country the dawn of a new era… The institutions of this mighty republic are our institutions, its laws are our laws, its flag, the flag of the free and the brave, our flag."[13]

Shaarey Tphiloh rabbinical leadership

Name Years
Chaim Shohet 1904–1916
David Essrig 1917–1926
Abraham Miller 1930–1936
Mendel Lewittes 1936–1942
Aaron Greenbaum 1942–1944
Morris Bekritsky 1948–1972
Stephen Dworken 1972–1976
Leon Mozeson 1977–1979
Asher Reichert 1979–1984
Lawrence S. Zierler 1987–1990
Joseph Reifman 1991–1991
Marc Nenner 1992-1992
Marc Mandel 1992–1997
Isaac Yagod 1999–2003
Simcha Green 2003–2006
Akiva Herzfeld 2007–2014
Aaron Shub 2018–2021
1876 Birds eye view of the city of Portland Maine BPL

1910–1930

In 1915 a dispute between the board of directors and their rabbi, Rabbi Chaim Shohet, took place. Rabbi Shohet had served as the av beit din, or head of court, in Obeliai, Lithuania in the Kovno region and before that as a rabbi in Võru,[14] the region of Livland (Livonia). He makes reference to his service to Jewish communities in the former Russian Empire in his scholarly work on Jewish law "Zekher Chaim" that he published around this time.[15] Still, the congregation dismissed Rabbi Shohet from his position at Shaarey Tphiloh in 1916,[16] but he remained in Portland and became rabbi at Congregation Adas Israel on Middle Street. Eventually that congregation became Congregation Etz Chaim and built a synagogue on India Street.[1] Also in 1915, Max Pinansky, a Harvard trained lawyer,[17] asked the leaders of Shaarey Tphiloh to collaborate with him on a project to include more English in the prayer service and to permit mixed seating for men and women in the pews during the prayer service. Rabbi Isaac David Essrig, who succceeded Rabbi Shohet as the Rabbi of Shaarey Tphiloh, was from a very conservative religious background. His father, Rabbi Nachum Etrog, served as head of the beit din in Safed, Palestine. Rabbi I. David Essrig himself authored a Talmudic Encyclopedia. [18] Rabbi Essrig did not make the changes that Pinansky suggested to acculturate to the environment in Portland and the congregation remained wedded to the traditional Orthodox Hebrew liturgy with separate seating during the prayer service.[19] In 1918 Shaarey Tphiloh and another congregation, Anshei Sfard, a breakaway congregation from Shaarey Tphiloh that had met in the basement of the building until moving to another location nearby, decided that they would share a rabbi.[20] In 1923, the Etz Chaim Synagogue under the direction of Rabbi Moshe Shohet, the son of Rabbi Chaim Shohet, introduced sermons in English on Friday night, a sign that the wider Portland Jewish community was in favor of changes despite Rabbi Essrig's traditional stance.[21] In 1926 Rabbi Essrig left Shaarey Tphiloh and Anshei Sfard and became rabbi of the Olive Street Synagogue in Los Angeles. The congregation was left with a rabbinic opening. In 1929, a religious council in the city was formed by the different Orthodox synagogues that allowed them to pool their resources in order to hire one rabbi for the different congregations.

1930–1970

In 1930 Rabbi Abraham Miller served as religious leader. Rabbi Miller was a social activist. In 1925 he was part of a small delegation of rabbis from Poland and the United States who met with President Coolidge to thank him for he speech on "Toleration and Liberalism."[22] In 1927-1928, before arriving in Maine, Rabbi Avraham Miller had also protested efforts in New York City to build the path of what would become the Jackie Robinson Parkway connecting Brooklyn and Queens through the Mt. Carmel Jewish cemetery.[23]The next rabbi to serve after Rabbi Miller was Rabbi Mendel Lewittes in 1936. Rabbi Lewittes (1912-1994), a graduate of RIETS was described as an "accomplished scholar and orator" despite being only 27 years old when he started his career at Shaarey Tphiloh. [24] Lewittes was rabbi for five years but when he was hired away by the community in Montreal, the position was filled by Rabbi Aaron Greenbaum in 1942.[25] Shaarey Tphiloh also made improvements to the prayer service by hiring a prominent cantor Samuel Zimelman, who had served as cantor of the Hochschule Synagogue in Łomazy, Poland was brought on as cantor in 1939.[26] He stayed on as the cantor, until Martin Davidson followed him as cantor in 1972.[1] In 1949 the congregation dedicated a new mahogany ark, or aron kodesh, for the synagogue on Noyes St. When the building on Noyes St. was sold in the 1970s the Torah ark or aron kodesh for the Torah scrolls was taken to a synagogue in Lexington, MA.[27]

The dedication of the Torah scroll was just one way that the congregation was displaying greater wealth and striving for greater respectability. Like other American Jewish communities, following World War II many Jews in the United States moved from the city to the suburbs.[28] In the case of Portland, the community center shifted from Munjoy Hill to Woodford's Corner. In 1956, as the Jewish community moved to the "suburbs" of Portland, the congregation moved to Noyes Street, not far from Woodford's Corner. Rabbi Moshe Bekritsky served as spiritual leader of the synagogue for 26 years, from 1948 until 1974.[29] As rabbi of Shaarey Tphiloh he was in charge of the elementary school Jewish education and also kosher certification in Portland. In 1952 he opened the first full-time elementary school in Portland with tuition set at $300.[29] At the early part of his tenure there was a daily minyan and gemara classes taking place in three Orthodox synagogues in Portland, at Shaarey Tphiloh on Noyes St. and at Shaarey Tphiloh on Newbury St., and also at the Etz Chaim Synagogue. At the close of his rabbinate only at Shaarey Tphiloh on Noyes St. was there still a minyan and study classes.[30] In 1968 Rabbi Bekritsky noted in a Yom Kippur sermon that people still admired Shaarey Tphiloh even if their personal observance of Jewish laws had lapsed because they wanted their synagogue to be "above me, a goal toward which I can climb and towards which I can work."[29] But he added that people whose spouses were "social climbers" went to they synagogue around the corner.[30] Despite the trend toward greater attendance at the synagogue around the corner, Temple Beth-El, hundred of people still attended Shaarey Tphiloh during his tenure, especially on the holidays for the Yizkor service.[30]

1970–2000

In 1975 the congregation put its property on Newbury street up for sale.[31] From 1972–1976 Rabbi Stephen Dworken served as rabbi of Shaarey Tphiloh. Rabbi Dworken was a popular rabbi in Portland who was naturally able to connect to people[32] and also connected with others because of his background growing up in a non-Orthodox community. Following his tenure at Shaarey Tphiloh he went on to national prominence in the Orthodox world, as an executive vice president of the RCA, or Rabbinical Council of America.[33] He was followed by Rabbi Leon Mozeson, 1977-79, Rabbi Asher Reichert 1979-1984, and then Rabbi Lawrence S. Zierler was installed as the congregation's rabbi in 1987.[34] Rabbi Zierler was a Yeshiva University graduate and was proud of "crossing bridges" in his rabbinate to create strong ties with non-Orthodox Jewish denominations in the city and also with the wider non-Jewish population.[35] In 1991, Rabbi Joseph Reifman was spiritual leader, in 1992 Marc Renner, who then Rabbi Marc Mandel held the position for a number of years from 1992 on. Rabbis Isaac Yagod and Simcha Green held the title of rabbi from 1999 into the new milennium.

2000–2020

In 2007 Rabbi Akiva Herzfeld from Yeshivat Chovevei Torah became rabbi of the shul and served until 2014. Rabbi Aaron Shub, also from YCT Rabbinical School, followed him.[1] In 2015, the congregation decided to downsize and rent space in the building of Temple Beth El, around the corner from its previous home on Noyes St.[36] Rabbis from different denominations carried Torah scrolls from the building on Shaarey Tphiloh on Noyes St. to its new home.[30] The two congregations coexist in separate prayer spaces, and join each other for social and other community events. As for the synagogue building on Noyes Street, it became home to the Portland Community Squash, where squash players from 26 countries play in the space that was designed as the main prayer hall.[37]

Worship

A video of a Torah scroll dedication ceremony from 1955 has been preserved and prepared by the Maine Historical Society. In the video, one sees how treasured the Torah was to the Shaarey Tphiloh community. At the dedication, honored men from the community were invited to write the last letters in the Torah scroll and honored women were invited to add a stitch into the parchment of the Torah scroll to connect the final piece of parchment to the whole Torah scroll.[38]

Torah Scroll with excerpt from ten commandments

Mikvah

At the Newbury St. location of Shaarey Tphiloh the mikvah was located at the back end of the synagogue building.[39] In 2010 the Shaarey Tphiloh mikvah at Noyes St. was established as a community mikvah.[40] It was named Mikvat Shalom, an independent nonprofit organization. The mikvah was meant to represent the diversity of Maine's Jewish community, with representation from Chabad, Modern Orthodox, Conservative, Reform and non-denominational congregations.[41]

Old Orchard Beach

In the 1950s wealthier members of the synagogue had summer homes in Old Orchard Beach. They built the Beth Israel synagogue[42] on East Grand Ave. and Cleeve St.[43]

Eruv

No community eruv was ever built in Portland. Early Jewish immigrants used to tie their kerchiefs together to form a belt and then place a handkerchief in their pocket at synagogue on the Sabbath.[44]

The Present

In addition to serving the local Jewish community, the Shaarey Tphiloh community continues to welcome many Jewish travelers who visit Maine for vacations.

Historian Michael Cohen wrote of the congregation's history in the journal Maine History. His article "Adapting Orthodoxy to American Life: Shaarey Tphiloh and the development of Modern Orthodox Judaism in Portland, Maine, 1904–1976" describes the changes that took place within the congregation as its congregation acculturated over the decades since its founding.



References

  1. ^ a b c d "Current Portland – Jewish Congregations of Maine". Retrieved June 17, 2023.
  2. ^ Shaarey Tphiloh website. Accessed June 26, 2019.
  3. ^ Band, Benjamin. "Portland Jewry: Its growth and development," p. 15 (The Jewish Historical Society of Portland: 1955). Citation from Publications of the AJHS Vol. 37, p. 38.
  4. ^ Band, Benjamin. "Portland Jewry," pp.16,18.
  5. ^ https://web.colby.edu/jewsinmaine/files/2011/04/Lipez-Jewish-secular-institutions-of-Portland.pdf, Lipez, p.
  6. ^ The Talmud study groups were led by Michael Rubinsky, Abraham J. Bernstein, and Joseph Modes. In "Portland Jewry" p. 21. See online at: https://www.mainejews.org/docs/BenBand/Chap5.pdf
  7. ^ See his work on Portland, Shershevsky 1896 (Aronson: New York)
  8. ^ Band, Benjamin. "Portland Jewry,"p.22. See also, "Rabbi Shlomo David Sprince," at kevarim.com https://kevarim.com/rabbi-shlomo-dov-sprince/ After serving in Maine, Rabbi Sprince served in Montreal at the Austro-Hungarian Synagogue, 1901-1904), B’nai Jacob (Associate 1902-1905), Chevra Shaas (Associate 1903-5), and Temple Solomon Ahavash Achim (Associate (1906-8). Shortly thereafter he moved to Boston. In 1912, he published a book, Kerem Shlomo.
  9. ^ "Synagogue Building Association record book, Portland, ca. 1902". Maine Memory Network. Retrieved June 17, 2023.
  10. ^ "Rabbi Chaim Nosson Shohet | kevarim.com". October 24, 2017. Retrieved June 17, 2023.
  11. ^ Maine's Jewish Heritage, Abraham J. Peck, Jean M. Peck, Arcadia Publishing, 2007, p. 36.
  12. ^ Portland Jewry, its growth and development, Benjamin Band, Jewish Historical Society, 1955.
  13. ^ In Michael Cohen, "Adapting Orthodoxy to American Life: Shaarey Tphiloh and the Development of Modern Orthodoxy, 1905-2005" pp.14-15.
  14. ^ For history of Jewish residence in Võru, see Yodaiken, Len. "The Estonians" at https://muuseum.jewish.ee/stories/The%20Estonians.pdf
  15. ^ In Shaarei Zion, vol.1 pp. 7-8 (1921); and Otzar HaRabonim number 6531. https://isheiisrael.wordpress.com/2019/04/25/%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%99-%D7%97%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D-%D7%A0%D7%AA%D7%9F-%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%97%D7%98/ and
  16. ^ Rabbi Shohet tried bringing in his son as his successor, but some members did not want that. See oral hisotry of Maurice Rubinoff, in digital commons Portland Public Library.
  17. ^ "Judge Max Pinansky and Family, ca. 1937". Maine Memory Network. Retrieved June 17, 2023.
  18. ^ Bnai Brith Messenger. 23 June 1950. archived at www.nli.org/en/newspaper. In 1926 Rabbi Essrig moved to Los Angeles to become rabbi of the Beth Israel Congregation (the Olive Street Synagogue). After his move to LA, he moved to Palestine and then was rabbi in Utica, NY.
  19. ^ Liberating Visions: Religion and the Challenge of Change in Maine,1820 to the Present maine.edu p.23
  20. ^ "Portland – Jewish Congregations of Maine". Retrieved June 17, 2023.
  21. ^ https://mainesynagogues.mjmexhibits.org/current-portland/ Rabbi Moshe Shohet moved to Quincy, MA in 1932 and then emigrated to Palestine in 1939, where he is buried on the Mt of Olives. His son, Rabbi Dovid Menachem, was the Rabbi at Agudas Achim, Yonkers, New York.
  22. ^ In Yiddish Forward, Nov 1925. and in The Sentinel, 7 May 1926. Cited in "Sefer Toldoth Adam," http://sefertoldothadam.blogspot.com/2017/03/rabbis-thank-president-coolidge-for.html
  23. ^ From the Brooklyn Daily Eagle, January, 1928. Cited in https://www.boropark24.com/news/memory-lane-rav-avraham-miller-zt-l
  24. ^ His first pulpit was in Buffalo: See Jewish Telegraphic Agency March 19, 1934. In his rabbinate, he advanced efforts for greater inclusion in the synagogues for people with hearing impairments by advocating for the permissibility of the microphone on Shabbat. He also created a rabbinic council of all Jewish denominations during his tenure as rabbi at the Young Israel Synagogue in Montreal. After his service in Montreal, Rabbi Lewittes made aliyah and became editor of shana b'shana, the literary publication of the chief rabbinate of Israel. In "Gate of Heaven" p.125,339 at google books https://www.google.co.il/books/edition/Gate_of_Heaven/9mIBBAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=lewittes+rabbi&pg=PA189&printsec=frontcover
  25. ^ See the website of the Maine Jewish Museum, Shaarey Tphiloh
  26. ^ "Composer | Jewish Music Research Centre". jewish-music.huji.ac.il. Retrieved June 17, 2023.
  27. ^ "Holy Ark dedication program, Portland, 1949". Maine Memory Network. Retrieved June 17, 2023.
  28. ^ https://web.colby.edu/jewsinmaine/files/2011/04/Lipez-Jewish-secular-institutions-of-Portland.pdf., Lipez. p.5
  29. ^ a b c Scarr, Cindy (October 10, 2019). "The Grandfather I Thought I Knew". Retrieved June 17, 2023.
  30. ^ a b c d Ibid.
  31. ^ "Ad for sale of synagogue building, Portland, 1975". Maine Memory Network. Retrieved June 17, 2023.
  32. ^ From the radio show of Nachum Segal "JM in the AM" https://nachumsegal.com/nachum-and-nomi-rotblat-remember-rabbi-steven-dworkin-obm-on-jm-in-the-am/
  33. ^ Berkofsky, Joe (January 14, 2003). "Rabbi Steven Dworken dies at 58". Retrieved June 17, 2023.
  34. ^ "Rabbi installation program, Portland, 1987". Maine Memory Network. Retrieved June 17, 2023.
  35. ^ On his rabbinate in Cleveland, see The Cleveland Jewish News, Aug. 22, 2002. https://www.clevelandjewishnews.com/archives/rabbi-zierler-proud-of-crossing-bridges/article_db708e24-98b1-5c6d-9c18-b74eee5cc4e4.html. After serving as rabbi in Cleveland at the Warrensville Center Synagogue and as rabbi at the Jewish Community Center, he went to the Baron Hirsch Congregation in Memphis, TN. Following that he went to Teaneck, NJ to a synagogue that was originally part of the Conservative movement but was transitioning out of that bloc; see, https://jewishstandard.timesofisrael.com/conservative-shul-slated-to-make-orthodox-choice/
  36. ^ Forecaster, The (August 22, 2016). "New home for Portland synagogue". Retrieved June 17, 2023.
  37. ^ "In Portland, Maine, One Community of Immigrants Welcomes Another - Tablet Magazine". Retrieved June 17, 2023.
  38. ^ "Shaarey Tphiloh (Portland) Torah dedication – Maine Jewish History Project". Retrieved June 17, 2023.
  39. ^ Cummings-Lawrence, Susan. "Anshe Sfard: Portland’s Forgotten Chassidic Synagogue" at MHS blog. https://mainehistory.wordpress.com/tag/shaarey-tphiloh/
  40. ^ https://www.pressherald.com/2010/07/26/reopening-of-ritual-bath-celebrated-_2010-07-26/
  41. ^ https://www.mikvah.org/news/5
  42. ^ http://www.cbisrael.me/
  43. ^ Silverman, Israel. https://digitalcommons.portlandlibrary.com/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1034&context=jewish_oral_history, p.15
  44. ^ Rubinoff, Maurice. Oral Interview on October 18, 1976 at Digital Commons Portland Public Library, p.4

43°39′55″N 70°16′53″W / 43.6654°N 70.2815°W / 43.6654; -70.2815

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