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Pablo Christiani (or Paul Christian; né "Saúl" or "NN שאול בן" ) was a Sephardic Jew who, having converted to Christianity, used his position as a Dominican friar to endeavor to convert other Jews in Europe to Roman Catholicism.

Early life and conversion

Saúl (Shaul ben NN) was born in 13th-Century Spain to a pious Jewish family,^[1] and he is believed to have been a student of Rabbi Eliezer of Tarascon.^[2] Having married a Jewish woman and fathered children with her, he took his children from his wife when he left her after he converted himself and the children to Roman Catholicism.^[3] He then joined the Dominican Order as a friar.^[1]

Disputation of Barcelona and aftermath

Prior to the 1263 Disputation of Barcelona, he followed Nicholas Donin's lead in attempting to ban the Talmud, which he argued had "irrational" textual material.^[4] As for his participation in the Disputation, it was his attempt to convert Nahmanides and other fellow Jews to Christianity. The failure to convert anybody during the Disputation did not, however, discourage Christiani. Through the agency of Raymond de Penyafort and with letters of protection from King James I of Aragon, he went on missionary journeys and compelled Jews everywhere to listen to his speeches and answer his questions, both in synagogues and wherever else he pleased. He even required his audiences to defray the expenses of his missions.

Campaign against Talmud and immigration to France

In spite of the protection granted him by the king, Christiani did not meet with the success that he had expected on his missions. He, therefore, in 1264 went to Pope Clement IV and denounced the Talmud by making assertions that it contained passages that were derogatory in regards to Jesus and Mary. He thus persuaded the pope to issue a bull that commanded the bishop of Tarragona to submit all copies of the Talmud to scrutiny by the Dominicans and Franciscans.

The bishop of Tarragona then ordered King James to appoint a commission that consisted of Christiani and others to act as censors of the Talmud. Christiani and the rest of the commission hence redacted all passages that they deemed were hostile to Christianity.

Five years later, Christiani interceded with King Louis IX of France and obtained from him the permission to enforcement of the canonical edict that required Jews to wear badges that would single them out as Jews.

References

^ ^a ^b Kobak, Joseph Jeschurun p. 21
^ Lattes, Isaac "Kiryat Sefer" in Medieval Hebrew Chronicles II p. 238
^ Kobak, Joseph Jeschurun pp. 21–22
^ Kobak, Joseph Jeschurun, pp. 1–15

External links

Jewish Encyclopedia: "Christiani, Pablo" by Richard Gottheil & Isaac Broydé (1906). Now in public domain.

[Kobak_p._21-1] Kobak, Joseph Jeschurun p. 21

[2] Lattes, Isaac "Kiryat Sefer" in Medieval Hebrew Chronicles II p. 238

[3] Kobak, Joseph Jeschurun pp. 21–22

[4] Kobak, Joseph Jeschurun, pp. 1–15

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@@ Line 8: / Line 8: @@
 </ref> As for his participation in the [[Disputation]], it was his attempt to convert [[Nahmanides]] and other fellow Jews to Christianity. The failure to convert anybody during the Disputation did not, however, discourage Christiani. Through the agency of [[Raymond de Penyafort]] and with letters of protection from King [[James I of Aragon]], he went on missionary journeys and compelled Jews everywhere to listen to his speeches and answer his questions, both in synagogues and wherever else he pleased. He even required his audiences to defray the expenses of his missions.
-==Campaign against the Talmud and immigration to France==
+==Campaign against Talmud and immigration to France==
+In spite of the protection granted him by the king, Christiani did not meet with the success that he had expected on his missions. He, therefore, in 1264 went to [[Pope Clement IV]] and denounced the Talmud by making assertions that it contained passages that were derogatory in regards to [[Jesus]] and [[Mary]]. He thus persuaded the pope to issue a [[papal bull|bull]] that commanded the bishop of [[Tarragona]] to submit all copies of the Talmud to scrutiny by the Dominicans and [[Franciscans]].
+The bishop of Tarragona then ordered King James to appoint a commission that consisted of Christiani and others to act as censors of the Talmud. Christiani and the rest of the commission hence redacted all passages that they deemed were hostile to Christianity.
-In spite of the protection granted him by the king, Christiani did not meet with the success that he had expected on his missions. He therefore, in 1264, went to [[Pope Clement IV]] and denounced the Talmud, making assertions that it contained passages that were derogatory in regards to [[Jesus]] and Mary. He thus persuaded the pope to issue a [[Papal bull|bull]] that commanded the bishop of [[Tarragona]] to submit all copies of the Talmud to scrutiny by the Dominicans and [[Franciscans]].
+Five years later, Christiani interceded with King [[Louis IX of France]] and obtained from him the permission to enforcement of the canonical edict that required Jews to wear badges that would single them out as Jews.
-The bishop of Tarragona then ordered King James to appoint a commission that consisted of Christiani and others who would act as censors of the Talmud. Christiani and the rest of the commission hence redacted all of the passages which they deemed were hostile to Christianity.
-Five years later, Christiani interceded with King [[Louis IX of France]] and obtained from him the permission to enforcement of the canonical edict that required Jews to wear badges which would single them out as Jews.
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