Lao People's Armed Forces: Difference between revisions

Lao People's Armed Forces
Lao People's Armed Forces
	Emblem of Lao People's Armed Forces
Founded	20 January 1949; 75 years ago
Service branches	Lao People's Army; Lao People's Navy; Lao People's Liberation Army Air Force
Headquarters	Vientiane
Leadership
Commander-in-Chief	President and General Secretary Thongloun Sisoulith
Minister of Defence	General Chansamone Chanyalath
Chief of Staff	Major general Khamlieng Outhakaysone
Personnel
Military age	18 years of age for compulsory military service
Conscription	minimum 18 months
Available for; military service	1,500,625 males, age 15–49 (2005 est.),; 1,521,116 females, age 15–49 (2005 est.)
Fit for; military service	954,816 males, age 15–49 (2005 est.),; 1,006,082 females, age 15–49 (2005 est.)
Reaching military; age annually	(2005 est.)
Active personnel	30,000; 100,000 Paramilitary
Expenditure
Budget	$18.5 million (2019)
Percent of GDP	0.5% (2006)
Industry
Foreign suppliers	Current: China; Cuba; Czech Republic; France; Germany; Hungary; India; Israel; North Korea; Poland; Russia; Ukraine; United States; Vietnam; Historical: Czechoslovakia; East Germany; Romania; Soviet Union;
Related articles
History	First Indochinese War; Laotian Civil War; Insurgency in Laos; Thai-Laotian Border War
Ranks	Military ranks of Laos

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Revision as of 16:10, 29 April 2023

The Lao People's Armed Forces (LPAF; Template:Lang-lo), is the armed forces of the Lao People's Democratic Republic and the institution of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party, who are charged with protecting the country.

Leadership

Commander-in-chief: Thongloun Sisoulith (General Secretary and President)
Defense Minister: General Chansamone Chanyalath
Chief of General Staff: major General Khamlieng Outhakaysone

Active forces

The army of 29,100 is equipped with 30 main battle tanks. The army marine section, equipped with 16 patrol craft, has 600 personnel. The air force, with 3,500 personnel, is equipped with anti-aircraft missiles and 24 combat aircraft (no longer in service).

Militia self-defence forces number approximately 100,000 organised for local defence. The small arms utilised mostly by the Laotian Army are the Soviet AKM assault rifle, PKM machine gun, Makarov PM pistol, and the RPD light machine gun.

History

Until 1975, the Royal Lao Armed Forces were the armed forces of the Kingdom of Laos.

Serving one of the world's least developed countries, the Lao People's Armed Forces (LPAF) is small, poorly funded, and ineffectively resourced. Its mission focus is border and internal security, primarily in internal suppression of Laotian dissident and opposition groups.^[1]

This includes the suppression of the 1999 Lao Students Movement of Democracy demonstrations in Vientiane, and in countering ethnic Hmong insurgent groups and other groups of Laotian and Hmong people opposing the one-party Marxist-Leninist LPRP government and the support it receives from the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.^[1]

Together with the Lao People's Revolutionary Party and the government, the Lao People's Army (LPA) is the third pillar of state machinery, and as such is expected to suppress political and civil unrest and similar national emergencies faced by the government in Vientiane. The LPA also has reportedly upgraded skills to respond to avian influenza outbreaks. At present, there is no major perceived external threat to the state and the LPA maintains very strong ties with the neighbouring Vietnamese military (2008).^[1]

According to some journalists, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), humanitarian and human rights organisations, the Lao People's Army has repeatedly engaged in egregious human rights violations and the practice of corruption in Laos.^[2]^[3] The LPAF and its military intelligence play a major role in the arrest, imprisonment and torture of foreign prisoners in Vientiane's notorious Phonthong Prison and the communist Lao gulag system where Australians Kerry and Kay Danes were imprisoned and where civic activist Sombath Somphone may be imprisoned following his arrest in December 2012.^[4]

In 2013, attacks by the Lao People's Army against the Hmong people intensified, with soldiers killing four unarmed Hmong school teachers in addition to engaging in other human rights abuses according to the Lao Human Rights Council, the Centre for Public Policy Analysis and others.^[5]

Equipment

Tanks, armored vehicles and trucks

Photo	Model	Type	Origin	Quantity	Notes
Tanks
	T-72B1	Main battle tank	Russia	20^[6]
	T-55	Main battle tank	Soviet Union Hungary	85^[7]
	PT-76	Light tank	Soviet Union	25^[8]	30 were in service in 1996.^[9] Currently 25 are in service.
APC/IFV
	BTR-60PB	Armored personnel carrier	Soviet Union	70^[10]	Currently 70 are in service. BTR-60s have been seen in service as recently as January 2019
	BTR-152	Armored personnel carrier	Soviet Union	Unknown	^[11]
	BTR-40	Armored personnel carrier	Soviet Union	10^[12]
	BRDM-2M	Armoured car	Russia	20^[13]	Upgraded BRDM-2M supplied by Russia in late 2018. At least 10 in service.
Light armoured vehicle/Light assault vehicle
	Dima DMT5070XFB	Armored personnel carrier	China	Unknown
	Chinese Tiger 4x4	Infantry mobility vehicle	China	Unknown
	CS/VN3 4x4	Infantry mobility vehicle	China	Unknown
Truck/Utility
	KrAZ-6322	Truck	Ukraine	Unknown
	Ural-4320	Medium truck	Soviet Union	Unknown
	GAZ-3308	Medium truck	Russia	Unknown
	FAW Jiefang 141	Medium truck	China	Unknown
	Ural-43206	Light truck	Soviet Union	Unknown
	GAZ-66	Platform truck	Soviet Union	Unknown
	BAIC 4x4 vehicles	Military light utility vehicle	China	Unknown
	UAZ-469	Military light utility vehicle	Soviet Union	Unknown
	BJ2022JC	Military light utility vehicle	China	Unknown
	PTS	Tracked amphibious transport	Soviet Union	Unknown
	Shaanxi SX2190	Launched bridge	China	Unknown
	Shaanxi SX2190	Floating bridge	China	Unknown
Engineering and support vehicles
	XCMG backhoe loader	Engineering vehicle	China	Unknown
	XCMG excavator	Engineering vehicle		Unknown
	XCMG wheel loader	Engineering vehicle		Unknown
	XCMG XJY240WQ	Engineering vehicle		Unknown
	XCMG XJY240Z	Engineering vehicle		Unknown

Artillery

Model	Type	Origin	Quantity
Dongfeng CS/SS4	Self propelled mortar system	China	14
SR-5	Multiple rocket launcher	China	12
BM-21 Grad	122mm multiple rocket launcher	Soviet Union	32
BM-14	Multiple rocket launcher		20
2S3 Akatsiya	152mm self-propelled howitzer		Unknown
122-HL-70	122mm self-propelled howitzer	Laos	18
PCL-09	122mm self-propelled howitzer	China	12
M-30 122 mm howitzer	Towed howitzers and guns	Soviet Union	15^[14]
122 mm howitzer 2A18 (D-30)^{[citation needed]}			20^[14]
130 mm towed field gun M1954 (M-46)^[14]
M114 155 mm howitzer^[14]		United States	12^[14]
M101 howitzer	105mm (towed): M-101^[14]		20^[14]
M116 howitzer^[14]	75mm (towed): M-116 pack		10

^[15]^[16]

Air defense

Model	Type	Origin	Quantity
S-125 Neva/Pechora	Short-range SAM system	Soviet Union	Unknown
9K35 Strela-10	Vehicle-mounted SAM system	Soviet Union	Unknown
Yitian (Tianlong 6)	Surface-to-air missile	China	Unknown
ZSU-23-4 Shilka	Self-propelled anti-aircraft gun	Soviet Union	Unknown
Strela 2	Surface-to-air missile	Soviet Union	Unknown
37 mm automatic air defence gun M1939 (61-K)	Air defence gun		Unknown
57 mm AZP S-60	Automatic anti-aircraft gun		Unknown
ZPU	Auto anti-aircraft gun		Unknown
ZU-23-2	Anti-aircraft gun		Unknown

^[14]

Weapons

Photo	Model	Type	Caliber	Origin	Notes
	TT-33	Semi-automatic pistol	7.62×25mm Tokarev	Soviet Union	Standard service pistols for Laotian Armed Forces.
	PM^[17]	Semi-automatic pistol	9×18mm Makarov	Soviet Union	Standard service pistols for Laotian Armed Forces.
	G2	Semi-automatic pistol	9x19mm Parabellum	Indonesia	^[18]
	JS 9 mm	Bullpup Submachine gun	9×19mm Parabellum	China	^[19]
	Winchester Model 1200	Pump shotgun	12-gauge	United States
	Simonov SKS	Semi-automatic rifle	7.62×39mm M43	Soviet Union	Limited use, Used for ceremonial purpose only.
	Mosin-Nagant	Bolt-action rifle	7.62×54mmR	Soviet Union	Limited use, in storage.
	9A-91	Assault rifle, Carbine	9x39mm	Russia	Used by Laotian special forces.
	AKM AKMS	Assault rifle	7.62×39mm	Soviet Union	Standard service rifles for Laotian Armed Forces, including police officer and Lao People's army.^[17]
File:QBZ 95 PLA.png	QBZ-95	Bullpup Assault rifle	5.8×42mm DBP87 5.56×45mm NATO	China	Standard issue for Laotian Special Forces and Special Police Forces.
	Type 56	Assault rifle	7.62×39mm	China
	Type 81	Assault rifle	7.62×39mm	China
File:Right side of AMD-65.jpg	AMD-65	Assault rifle	7.62×39mm	Hungary
	Pindad SS1	Assault rifle	5.56×45mm NATO	Indonesia	In 2014, Laos imported 35 SS1 V2s and SS1 V4s.^[20]
	Pindad SS2	Assault rifle	5.56×45mm NATO	Indonesia
	M16A2	Assault rifle	5.56×45mm NATO	United States
STV-380, an assault rifle made from Vietnam based to Israeli's assault rifle.	IWI ACE	Assault rifle	7.62×39 mm	Israel Vietnam	Laos received Vietnamese-made Galil ACEs in January 2019.
	RPD	Light machine gun	7.62×39mm	Soviet Union	^[17]
	PK machine gun	General-purpose machine gun	7.62×54mmR	Soviet Union	^[17]
File:M60MG.jpg	M60 machine gun	General-purpose machine gun	7.62×51mm NATO	United States
	KPV heavy machine gun	Heavy machine gun	14.5×114mm	Soviet Union
	DShK	Heavy machine gun	12.7×108mm	Soviet Union
	Dragunov SVD	Designated marksman rifle, Sniper rifle	7.62×54mmR	Soviet Union	^[19]
	Mosin–Nagant	Sniper rifle	7.62×54mmR	Soviet Union
	RPG-7	Rocket-propelled grenade	40mm	Soviet Union
	RPG-2	Rocket-propelled grenade	40mm	Soviet Union

^[15]^[16]^[21]

Mortars

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency". www.cia.gov. November 2021.
^ Amnesty International, (23 March 2007), "Lao People's Democratic Republic: Hiding in the jungle – Hmong under threat" "Lao People's Democratic Republic: Hiding in the jungle - Hmong under threat | Amnesty International". Archived from the original on 8 December 2014. Retrieved 4 December 2016.
^ The Centre for Public Policy Analysis, CPPA, Washington, D.C. (1 August 2013), http://www.centerforpublicpolicyanalysis.org
^ Scoop Independent News, Auckland, New Zealand, (19 March 2013) "Laos Officials Criticized for Obstructing Investigation" http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/WO1303/S00169/laos-officials-criticized-for-obstructing-investigation.htm (Archive)
^ Businesswire, businesswire.com (4 March 2013) "Laos: Attacks Intensify Against Lao, Hmong People" http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20130304006755/en/Laos-Attacks-Intensify-Lao-Hmong-People (Archive)
^ "Russia receives 30 vintage tank from Laos". 10 June 2020. Archived from the original on 9 September 2021.
^ "Trade Registers".
^ Foss, Christopher F. (2000). Jane's tank & combat vehicle recognition guide. ISBN 9780004724522.
^ Administrator. "PT-76". Pancerni 2. Archived from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 15 November 2014. ^{[verification needed]}
^ Foss, Christopher F. (2000). Jane's tank & combat vehicle recognition guide. ISBN 9780004724522.
^ Foss, Christopher F. (2000). Jane's tank & combat vehicle recognition guide. ISBN 9780004724522.
^ Foss, Christopher F. (2000). Jane's tank & combat vehicle recognition guide. ISBN 9780004724522.
^ Gibson, Neil; Fediushko, Dmitry (22 January 2019). "Laotian military parades Russian- and Chinese-made equipment". Jane's 360. London, Moscow. Archived from the original on 23 January 2019. Retrieved 24 January 2019.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ "Laos Army Equipment". Global Security. Archived from the original on 10 April 2023. Retrieved 18 January 2018.
^ ^a ^b John Pike. "World Military Guide". Archived from the original on 18 April 2023. Retrieved 22 October 2014.
^ ^a ^b "Laos". Archived from the original on 29 April 2014. Retrieved 22 October 2014.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Cove, The (25 February 2022). "Know Your Region (KYR): Laos - Military". cove.army.gov.au. Retrieved 15 December 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
^ "Laos Borong Senjata Buatan Pindad" (in Indonesian). 11 January 2018. Archived from the original on 21 March 2023.
^ ^a ^b "Cặp đôi súng Trung Quốc trong biên chế đặc công Lào mạnh cỡ nào?". 15 May 2020. Archived from the original on 2 April 2023.
^ Administrator, ANTARA (24 September 2017). "Laos Expresses Interest To Make Another Purchase of Pindad Weapon". Tempo.co. Archived from the original on 10 April 2023. Retrieved 3 April 2022.
^ Jones, Richard D. Jane's Infantry Weapons 2009/2010. Jane's Information Group; 35 edition (January 27, 2009). ISBN 978-0-7106-2869-5.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Library of Congress / Federal Research Division / Country Studies / Area Handbooks / Laos / Tables". Retrieved 22 October 2014.

External links

The AMR Regional Air Force Directory 2011

[cia.gov-1] "The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency". www.cia.gov. November 2021.

[auto3-2] Amnesty International, (23 March 2007), "Lao People's Democratic Republic: Hiding in the jungle – Hmong under threat" "Lao People's Democratic Republic: Hiding in the jungle - Hmong under threat | Amnesty International". Archived from the original on 8 December 2014. Retrieved 4 December 2016.

[auto4-3] The Centre for Public Policy Analysis, CPPA, Washington, D.C. (1 August 2013), http://www.centerforpublicpolicyanalysis.org

[4] Scoop Independent News, Auckland, New Zealand, (19 March 2013) "Laos Officials Criticized for Obstructing Investigation" http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/WO1303/S00169/laos-officials-criticized-for-obstructing-investigation.htm (Archive)

[5] Businesswire, businesswire.com (4 March 2013) "Laos: Attacks Intensify Against Lao, Hmong People" http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20130304006755/en/Laos-Attacks-Intensify-Lao-Hmong-People (Archive)

[6] "Russia receives 30 vintage tank from Laos". 10 June 2020. Archived from the original on 9 September 2021.

[7] "Trade Registers".

[8] Foss, Christopher F. (2000). Jane's tank & combat vehicle recognition guide. ISBN 9780004724522.

[9] Administrator. "PT-76". Pancerni 2. Archived from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 15 November 2014. ^{[verification needed]}

[10] Foss, Christopher F. (2000). Jane's tank & combat vehicle recognition guide. ISBN 9780004724522.

[11] Foss, Christopher F. (2000). Jane's tank & combat vehicle recognition guide. ISBN 9780004724522.

[12] Foss, Christopher F. (2000). Jane's tank & combat vehicle recognition guide. ISBN 9780004724522.

[:0-13] Gibson, Neil; Fediushko, Dmitry (22 January 2019). "Laotian military parades Russian- and Chinese-made equipment". Jane's 360. London, Moscow. Archived from the original on 23 January 2019. Retrieved 24 January 2019.

[auto-14] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ "Laos Army Equipment". Global Security. Archived from the original on 10 April 2023. Retrieved 18 January 2018.

[:1-15] John Pike. "World Military Guide". Archived from the original on 18 April 2023. Retrieved 22 October 2014.

[:2-16] "Laos". Archived from the original on 29 April 2014. Retrieved 22 October 2014.

[:3-17] Cove, The (25 February 2022). "Know Your Region (KYR): Laos - Military". cove.army.gov.au. Retrieved 15 December 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)

[18] "Laos Borong Senjata Buatan Pindad" (in Indonesian). 11 January 2018. Archived from the original on 21 March 2023.

[conglao-19] "Cặp đôi súng Trung Quốc trong biên chế đặc công Lào mạnh cỡ nào?". 15 May 2020. Archived from the original on 2 April 2023.

[20] Administrator, ANTARA (24 September 2017). "Laos Expresses Interest To Make Another Purchase of Pindad Weapon". Tempo.co. Archived from the original on 10 April 2023. Retrieved 3 April 2022.

[jones2009-21] Jones, Richard D. Jane's Infantry Weapons 2009/2010. Jane's Information Group; 35 edition (January 27, 2009). ISBN 978-0-7106-2869-5.

[auto2-22] "Library of Congress / Federal Research Division / Country Studies / Area Handbooks / Laos / Tables". Retrieved 22 October 2014.

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@@ Line 71: / Line 71: @@
 According to some journalists, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), humanitarian and human rights organisations, the Lao People's Army has repeatedly engaged in egregious [[Human rights in Laos|human rights]] violations and the practice of corruption in Laos.<ref name="auto3">Amnesty International, (23 March 2007), "Lao People's Democratic Republic: Hiding in the jungle – Hmong under threat"  {{cite web |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/ASA26/003/2007 |title=Lao People's Democratic Republic: Hiding in the jungle - Hmong under threat &#124; Amnesty International |access-date=2016-12-04 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141208112022/http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/ASA26/003/2007 |archive-date=8 December 2014 |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="auto4">The Centre for Public Policy Analysis, CPPA, Washington, D.C. (1 August 2013), http://www.centerforpublicpolicyanalysis.org</ref>
-The LPAF and its military intelligence play a major role in the arrest, imprisonment and torture of foreign prisoners in Vientiane's notorious [[Phonthong Prison]] and the communist Lao [[gulag]] system where Australians [[Kerry and Kay Danes]] were imprisoned and where civic activist [[Sombath Somphone]] may be imprisoned following his arrest in December 2012.<ref>Scoop Independent News, Auckland, New Zealand, (19 March 2013) "Laos Officials Criticized for Obstructing Investigation" http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/WO1303/S00169/laos-officials-criticized-for-obstructing-investigation.htm</ref>
+The LPAF and its military intelligence play a major role in the arrest, imprisonment and torture of foreign prisoners in Vientiane's notorious [[Phonthong Prison]] and the communist Lao [[gulag]] system where Australians [[Kerry and Kay Danes]] were imprisoned and where civic activist [[Sombath Somphone]] may be imprisoned following his arrest in December 2012.<ref>Scoop Independent News, Auckland, New Zealand, (19 March 2013) "Laos Officials Criticized for Obstructing Investigation" http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/WO1303/S00169/laos-officials-criticized-for-obstructing-investigation.htm ([https://web.archive.org/web/20230410083111/https://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/WO1303/S00169/laos-officials-criticized-for-obstructing-investigation.htm Archive])</ref>
-In 2013, attacks by the Lao People's Army against the [[Hmong people]] intensified, with soldiers killing four unarmed Hmong school teachers in addition to engaging in other human rights abuses according to the Lao Human Rights Council, the Centre for Public Policy Analysis and others.<ref>Businesswire, businesswire.com (4 March 2013) "Laos: Attacks Intensify Against Lao, Hmong People" http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20130304006755/en/Laos-Attacks-Intensify-Lao-Hmong-People</ref>
+In 2013, attacks by the Lao People's Army against the [[Hmong people]] intensified, with soldiers killing four unarmed Hmong school teachers in addition to engaging in other human rights abuses according to the Lao Human Rights Council, the Centre for Public Policy Analysis and others.<ref>Businesswire, businesswire.com (4 March 2013) "Laos: Attacks Intensify Against Lao, Hmong People" http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20130304006755/en/Laos-Attacks-Intensify-Lao-Hmong-People ([https://web.archive.org/web/20230410100739/https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20130304006755/en/Laos-Attacks-Intensify-Lao-Hmong-People Archive])</ref>
 ==Equipment==
@@ Line 92: / Line 92: @@
 |[[Main battle tank]]
 |{{flag|Russia}}
-|20<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.janes.com/amp/russia-receives-30-vintage-t-3485-tanks-from-laos/ZnlJK3dHVU9mZ28xajRJVkc5dVI5VFp1cVMwPQ2|title=Russia receives 30 vintage tank from Laos|date=10 June 2020}}</ref>
+|20<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.janes.com/amp/russia-receives-30-vintage-t-3485-tanks-from-laos/ZnlJK3dHVU9mZ28xajRJVkc5dVI5VFp1cVMwPQ2|title=Russia receives 30 vintage tank from Laos|date=10 June 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210909010352/https://www.janes.com/amp/russia-receives-30-vintage-t-3485-tanks-from-laos/ZnlJK3dHVU9mZ28xajRJVkc5dVI5VFp1cVMwPQ2|archive-date= September 9, 2021}}</ref>
 |
 |-
@@ Line 339: / Line 339: @@
 |
 |-
-|[[File:M30 howitzer nn 1.jpg|120px]]||[[M-30 122 mm howitzer]]|| rowspan="4" | Towed howitzers and guns|| rowspan="3" |{{flag|Soviet Union}}|| 15<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/laos/army-equipment.htm|title=Laos Army Equipment|publisher=Global Security|access-date=18 January 2018}}</ref>||
+|[[File:M30 howitzer nn 1.jpg|120px]]||[[M-30 122 mm howitzer]]|| rowspan="4" | Towed howitzers and guns|| rowspan="3" |{{flag|Soviet Union}}|| 15<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/laos/army-equipment.htm|title=Laos Army Equipment|publisher=Global Security|access-date=18 January 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410143652/https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/laos/army-equipment.htm|archive-date= April 10, 2023}}</ref>||
 |-
 | [[File:122- мм гаубица Д-30 (1).jpg|120px]]||[[122 mm howitzer 2A18 (D-30)]]{{citation needed|date=July 2014}}|| 20<ref name="auto" />||
 |-
-| [[File:Nahariya-M-46-130mm-gun-499.jpg|120px]]||[[130 mm towed field gun M1954 (M-46)]]<ref name="auto1">{{cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/laos/army-equipment.htm|title=Laos Army Equipment|author=John Pike|access-date=22 October 2014}}</ref>|| 10<ref name="auto" />||
+| [[File:Nahariya-M-46-130mm-gun-499.jpg|120px]]||[[130 mm towed field gun M1954 (M-46)]]<ref name="auto"/>
 |-
-|[[File:155HowRightRear.jpg|120px]]||[[M114 155 mm howitzer]]<ref name="auto1" />|| rowspan="3" | {{flag|United States}} || 12<ref name="auto" />||
+|[[File:155HowRightRear.jpg|120px]]||[[M114 155 mm howitzer]]<ref name="auto" />|| rowspan="3" | {{flag|United States}} || 12<ref name="auto" />||
 |-
-|[[File:M101-105mm-howitzer-camp-pendleton-20050326.jpg|120px]]|| [[M101 howitzer]] || 105mm (towed): M-101<ref name="auto1"/> || 20<ref name="auto"/> ||
+|[[File:M101-105mm-howitzer-camp-pendleton-20050326.jpg|120px]]|| [[M101 howitzer]] || 105mm (towed): M-101<ref name="auto"/> || 20<ref name="auto"/> ||
 |-
-|[[File:US Army 51100 Gerety takes over "Wildcat" lair during ceremony.jpg|120px]]|| [[M116 howitzer]]<ref name="auto1"/> || 75mm (towed): M-116 pack || 10 ||
+|[[File:US Army 51100 Gerety takes over "Wildcat" lair during ceremony.jpg|120px]]|| [[M116 howitzer]]<ref name="auto"/> || 75mm (towed): M-116 pack || 10 ||
 |-
-|}<ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/index.html|title=World Military Guide|author=John Pike|access-date=22 October 2014}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{cite web|url=http://www.asiapacificdefencereporter.com/order-of-battle/laos|title=Laos|access-date=22 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140429184747/http://www.asiapacificdefencereporter.com/order-of-battle/laos|archive-date=29 April 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>
+|}<ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/index.html|title=World Military Guide|author=John Pike|access-date=22 October 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418025826/https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/index.html|archive-date=April 18, 2023}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{cite web|url=http://www.asiapacificdefencereporter.com/order-of-battle/laos|title=Laos|access-date=22 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140429184747/http://www.asiapacificdefencereporter.com/order-of-battle/laos|archive-date=29 April 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>
 ===Air defense===
@@ Line 429: / Line 429: @@
 |[[9x19mm Parabellum]]
 |{{IDN}}
-|<ref>{{cite news|title=Laos Borong Senjata Buatan Pindad|url=https://militermeter.com/laos-borong-senjata-buatan-pindad/|date=January 11, 2018|language=id}}</ref>
+|<ref>{{cite news|title=Laos Borong Senjata Buatan Pindad|url=https://militermeter.com/laos-borong-senjata-buatan-pindad/|date=January 11, 2018|language=id|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321061522/https://militermeter.com/laos-borong-senjata-buatan-pindad/|archive-date= March 21, 2023}}</ref>
 |-
 |[[File:QCW05 - 5.8mm submachine gun 20170919.jpg|alt=|120x120px]]
@@ Line 436: / Line 436: @@
 |[[9×19mm Parabellum]]
 |{{flag|China}}
-|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kienthuc.net.vn/quan-su/cap-doi-sung-trung-quoc-trong-bien-che-dac-cong-lao-manh-co-nao-1383333.html|title=Cặp đôi súng Trung Quốc trong biên chế đặc công Lào mạnh cỡ nào?|date=15 May 2020}}</ref>
+|<ref name="conglao">{{Cite web|url=https://kienthuc.net.vn/quan-su/cap-doi-sung-trung-quoc-trong-bien-che-dac-cong-lao-manh-co-nao-1383333.html|title=Cặp đôi súng Trung Quốc trong biên chế đặc công Lào mạnh cỡ nào?|date=15 May 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230402033717/https://kienthuc.net.vn/quan-su/cap-doi-sung-trung-quoc-trong-bien-che-dac-cong-lao-manh-co-nao-1383333.html|archive-date=April 2, 2023}}</ref>
 |-
 |[[File:M1200 Shotgun (7414627784).jpg|frameless|129x129px]]
@@ Line 507: / Line 507: @@
 |[[5.56×45mm NATO]]
 |{{IDN}}
-|In 2014, Laos imported 35 SS1 V2s and SS1 V4s.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Administrator |first=ANTARA |date=24 September 2017 |title=Laos Expresses Interest To Make Another Purchase of Pindad Weapon |url=https://en.tempo.co/read/911757/laos-expresses-interest-to-make-another-purchase-of-pindad-weapon |url-status=live |access-date=3 April 2022 |website=Tempo.co}}</ref>
+|In 2014, Laos imported 35 SS1 V2s and SS1 V4s.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Administrator |first=ANTARA |date=24 September 2017 |title=Laos Expresses Interest To Make Another Purchase of Pindad Weapon |url=https://en.tempo.co/read/911757/laos-expresses-interest-to-make-another-purchase-of-pindad-weapon |url-status=live |access-date=3 April 2022 |website=Tempo.co|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410143653/https://en.tempo.co/read/911757/laos-expresses-interest-to-make-another-purchase-of-pindad-weapon|archive-date=April 10, 2023}}</ref>
 |-
 |[[File:SS2-V1 ID2008.jpg|alt=|120x120px]]
@@ Line 570: / Line 570: @@
 |[[7.62×54mmR]]
 |{{flag|Soviet Union}}
+|<ref name="conglao"/>
-|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kienthuc.net.vn/quan-su/cap-doi-sung-trung-quoc-trong-bien-che-dac-cong-lao-manh-co-nao-1383333.html|title=Cặp đôi súng Trung Quốc trong biên chế đặc công Lào mạnh cỡ nào?|date=15 May 2020}}</ref>
 |-
 |[[File:Mosin-Nagant m91-30 sniper noBG.png|frameless|136x136px]]

v t e Militaries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations
Royal Brunei Armed Forces	Royal Brunei Land Force Royal Brunei Air Force Royal Brunei Navy	South-East Asia highlighted in green
Royal Cambodian Armed Forces	Royal Cambodian Army Royal Cambodian Air Force Royal Cambodian Navy Royal Gendarmerie
Indonesian National Armed Forces	Indonesian Army Indonesian Navy (Indonesian Marine Corps) Indonesian Air Force
Lao People's Armed Forces	Lao People's Army Lao People's Liberation Army Air Force Lao People's Navy
Malaysian Armed Forces	Malaysian Army Royal Malaysian Air Force Royal Malaysian Navy Malaysia Coast Guard
Myanmar Armed Forces	Myanmar Army Myanmar Air Force Myanmar Navy Myanmar Coast Guard Myanmar Police Force
Armed Forces of the Philippines	Philippine Army Philippine Air Force Philippine Navy Philippine Marine Corps Philippine Coast Guard
Singapore Armed Forces	Singapore Army Republic of Singapore Air Force Republic of Singapore Navy Digital and Intelligence Service Police Coast Guard
Royal Thai Armed Forces	Royal Thai Army Royal Thai Air Force Royal Thai Navy Royal Thai Marine Corps
People's Army of Vietnam	Vietnam People's Ground Force Vietnam People's Air Force Vietnam People's Navy Vietnam Coast Guard Vietnam Border Guard
Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN) member states Brunei Cambodia Indonesia Laos Malaysia Myanmar Philippines Singapore Thailand Vietnam

v t e Militaries of Asia
Sovereign states	Afghanistan Armenia Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Bhutan Brunei Cambodia People's Republic of China Cyprus Egypt Georgia India Indonesia Iran Iraq Israel Japan Jordan Kazakhstan North Korea South Korea Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Laos Lebanon Malaysia Maldives Mongolia Myanmar (Burma) Nepal Oman Pakistan Philippines Qatar Russia Saudi Arabia Singapore Sri Lanka Syria Tajikistan Thailand Timor Leste Turkey Turkmenistan United Arab Emirates Uzbekistan Vietnam Yemen
States with limited recognition	Abkhazia South Ossetia Northern Cyprus Taiwan Palestine
Dependencies and other territories	British Indian Ocean Territory Christmas Island Cocos (Keeling) Islands Hong Kong Macau