Clinker (waste): Difference between revisions
7&6=thirteen (talk | contribs) →Uses: <ref>{{cite book |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Roaming_the_Rocky_Mountains_and_Environs/LLtVmhr6LRQC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=clinker+rock&pg=PA9 |title=Cornucopies of coal and coalbed gas in the Powder River Basin: From mining and utilization to methan and methanogens |first1=Romeo M. |last1=Flores |first2=Gary D. |last2=Stricker |first3=Michael E. |last3=Brownfield |first4=Margaret S. |last4=Ellis |first5=Edward L. |last5=Heffern |first6=Jason D. |last6=Putnam |editor-last1=Reyno |
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''i.e.'', “baked, welded and molded rocks formed by the natural burning of coal beds.” <ref name="Stracher">{{cite book |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Geology_of_Coal_Fires/eJU0WOABSWIC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=clinker&pg=PA156 |page=156 |title=Geology of Coal Fires; Case Studies from Around the World |year=2007 |isbn=9780813741185 |id=ISBN 0813741181 |type=Paperback |language=English |editor-first1=Glenn B. |editor-last1=Stracher |location=United States |publisher=[[Geological Society of America]]}}</ref> |
''i.e.'', “baked, welded and molded rocks formed by the natural burning of coal beds.” <ref name="Stracher">{{cite book |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Geology_of_Coal_Fires/eJU0WOABSWIC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=clinker&pg=PA156 |page=156 |title=Geology of Coal Fires; Case Studies from Around the World |year=2007 |isbn=9780813741185 |id=ISBN 0813741181 |type=Paperback |language=English |editor-first1=Glenn B. |editor-last1=Stracher |location=United States |publisher=[[Geological Society of America]]}}</ref> |
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Distinguish, [[Cement clinker]].<ref name="Berger">{{cite book |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Calcium_Sulphate_Retarders_for_Portland/uI-gTuATcZEC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=clinker&pg=PA29 |page=29|title=Calcium Sulphate Retarders for Portland Cement Clinker |first1=Ernest Elmer |last1=Berger |location=United States |publisher=[[U.S. Government Printing Office]]|year=1929}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Roaming_the_Rocky_Mountains_and_Environs/LLtVmhr6LRQC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=clinker+rock&pg=PA9 |title=Cornucopies of coal and coalbed gas in the Powder River Basin: From mining and utilization to methan and methanogens |first1=Romeo M. |last1=Flores |first2=Gary D. |last2=Stricker |first3=Michael E. |last3=Brownfield |first4=Margaret S. |last4=Ellis |first5=Edward L. |last5=Heffern |first6=Jason D. |last6=Putnam |editor-last1=Reynolds |editor-first1=R. G. Roaing the Rock Mountains and Environs: Geological Field Trips |
Distinguish, [[Cement clinker]].<ref name="Berger">{{cite book |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Calcium_Sulphate_Retarders_for_Portland/uI-gTuATcZEC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=clinker&pg=PA29 |page=29|title=Calcium Sulphate Retarders for Portland Cement Clinker |first1=Ernest Elmer |last1=Berger |location=United States |publisher=[[U.S. Government Printing Office]]|year=1929}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Roaming_the_Rocky_Mountains_and_Environs/LLtVmhr6LRQC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=clinker+rock&pg=PA9 |title=Cornucopies of coal and coalbed gas in the Powder River Basin: From mining and utilization to methan and methanogens |first1=Romeo M. |last1=Flores |first2=Gary D. |last2=Stricker |first3=Michael E. |last3=Brownfield |first4=Margaret S. |last4=Ellis |first5=Edward L. |last5=Heffern |first6=Jason D. |last6=Putnam |editor-last1=Reynolds |editor-first1=R. G. Roaing the Rock Mountains and Environs: Geological Field Trips |q-work=Geological Society of America Field Guide |volume=10 |pages=1-15 |doi=10.1130/2007fld010(01)}}</ref> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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Revision as of 20:57, 6 February 2023
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (February 2007) |
Clinker (or Slag) is a generic name given to waste from industrial processes, particularly those that involve smelting metals, welding, burning fossil fuels and use of a blacksmith's forge, which commonly causes a large buildup of clinker around the tuyere. Clinker often forms a loose, dark deposit consisting of waste materials such as coke, coal, slag, charcoal, and grit. Clinker often has a glassy look to it, usually because of the formation of molten silica compounds during processing. Clinker generally is much denser than coke, and, unlike coke, generally contains too little carbon to be of any value as fuel. It is also applied to the byproduct of combustion and heating by those who use Anthracite or lignite coal-fired boilers.[1] Clinkers can occur naturally.
Etymology
"Clinker" is from Dutch, and was originally used in English to describe clinker bricks. The term was later applied to hard residue, due to its similar appearance.
Uses
Clinker often is reused as a cheap material for paving footpaths. It is laid and rolled, and forms a hard path with a rough surface that presents less risk of slipping than most loose materials. In sufficient thickness such a layer drains well and is valuable for controlling muddiness. However, if laid without sufficient adhesive, it needs frequent rolling and addition of more clinker to maintain the path in good condition if it is subject to heavy foot traffic.
In sewage treatment works, the foul water is first screened to remove floating debris. Then it is sedimented to remove insoluble particles. After this, it is sprayed over a filter bed of clinker. Aerobic microbes soon grow in hollows in the clinker, where they kill harmful anaerobic bacteria in the water and remove much of the offensive organic waste.
Historically, clinker from coal-burning steamships simply was discarded overboard, leaving detectable trails on the seabed of some prominent steamship routes. As such, the deposits have proven to be of both biological and archaeological interest.[2]
Naturally occurring clinkers exist. For example, in the Powder River Basin is covered by clinkers from coal-seam fires, i.e., “baked, welded and molded rocks formed by the natural burning of coal beds.” [3]
Distinguish, Cement clinker.[4][5]
See also
References
- ^ Gardner, Karen; Damm, Sean (January 10, 2022). "What Causes Clinkers in Coal-Fired Boilers?". Retrieved February 5, 2023.
- ^ Smith, K.N. (26 August 2022). "A Trail of Rocks Traces Historical Steamship Routes". Hakai Magazine. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
- ^ Stracher, Glenn B., ed. (2007). Geology of Coal Fires; Case Studies from Around the World (Paperback). United States: Geological Society of America. p. 156. ISBN 9780813741185. ISBN 0813741181.
- ^ Berger, Ernest Elmer (1929). Calcium Sulphate Retarders for Portland Cement Clinker. United States: U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 29.
- ^ Flores, Romeo M.; Stricker, Gary D.; Brownfield, Michael E.; Ellis, Margaret S.; Heffern, Edward L.; Putnam, Jason D. Reynolds, R. G. Roaing the Rock Mountains and Environs: Geological Field Trips (ed.). Cornucopies of coal and coalbed gas in the Powder River Basin: From mining and utilization to methan and methanogens. Vol. 10. pp. 1–15. doi:10.1130/2007fld010(01).
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