Fuyu County, Heilongjiang: Difference between revisions
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The largely [[Kyrgyz people|Kyrgyz]] village of Wujiazi is the largest concentration of Kyrgyz people in China, outside of [[Xinjiang]].<ref name=":2" /> Of the 653 people who live in the village, 219 (33.54%) are Kyrgyz.<ref name=":2" /> Fuyu County as a whole has 1,400 Kyrgyz people.<ref name=":2" /> The Fuyu Kyrgyz are separate from the other Kyrgyz ethnic group (see the [[Fuyu Kyrgyz]] language classification), but they are usually listed as Kyrgyz by the authorities. |
The largely [[Kyrgyz people|Kyrgyz]] village of Wujiazi is the largest concentration of Kyrgyz people in China, outside of [[Xinjiang]].<ref name=":2" /> Of the 653 people who live in the village, 219 (33.54%) are Kyrgyz.<ref name=":2" /> Fuyu County as a whole has 1,400 Kyrgyz people.<ref name=":2" /> The [[Fuyu Kyrgyz people|Fuyu Kyrgyz]] are separate from the other Kyrgyz ethnic group (see the [[Fuyu Kyrgyz language|Fuyu Kyrgyz]] language classification), but they are usually listed as Kyrgyz by the authorities. |
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=== Languages === |
=== Languages === |
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Revision as of 14:37, 19 September 2022
Fuyu County
富裕县 | |
|---|---|
 | |
  Fuyu Location in Heilongjiang | |
| Coordinates: 47°48′N 124°28′E / 47.800°N 124.467°E | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Heilongjiang |
| Prefecture-level city | Qiqihar |
| Area | |
| • Total | 4,335 km2 (1,674 sq mi) |
| Population (2010) | |
| • Total | 276,537 |
| • Density | 64/km2 (170/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
Fuyu (Chinese: 富裕; pinyin: Fùyù) is a county of western Heilongjiang province, China, under the administration of Qiqihar City,[1] the downtown of which is 65 kilometres (40 mi) to the southwest.[citation needed] Various economic crops and the milk are produced in the fertile land.[citation needed] The county has an area of 4,335 square kilometres (1,674 sq mi), and a population of 300,000 inhabitants.[citation needed]
Toponymy
Fuyu County is named after the nearby Wuyur River, which derives from a Jurchen word for waterlogged depression.[1] The county's name been transcribed into Chinese in a number of different ways, such as Wuyur (Chinese: 乌裕尔; pinyin: Wūyù'ěr), Huyur (Chinese: 呼裕尔; pinyin: Hūyù‘ěr), Huyur (Chinese: 瑚裕尔; pinyin: Húyù'ěr), and Wuyur (Chinese: 乌雨尔; pinyin: Wūyǔ'ěr).[1]
History
The area of present-day Fuyu County was once inhabited by the Sushen.[1]
The area also once belonged to the kingdom of Buyeo, and later Dumakru.[1]
The area would later be inhabited by the Heishui Mohe.[1]
The Liao dynasty then conquered the area, and placed it under Dongjing Circuit, which was then administered by Changchun Prefecture.[1]
Under the Jin dynasty, the area was administered as Puyu Road.[1]
Following the Jin dynasty, the area was ruled by the Yuan dynasty.[1]
Under the Ming dynasty, which followed the Yuan, the area was administered as part of the Nurgan Regional Military Commission.[1]
During the Qing dynasty, the area was administered as part of Qiqihar.[1] In 1685, Qing settlers established a settlement in contemporary Fuyu, known as Dalaiketun (Chinese: 大来克屯; pinyin: Dàláikètún).[1] Towards the end of the Qing dynasty, the region was put under the administration of Longjiang Fu and Yikeming'an Banner.[1]
On March 19, 1929, the Republic of China reorganized the area as Fuyu Administrative Bureau, an Administrative Bureau.[1]
On October 1, 1933, the puppet state of Manchukuo established Fuyu County.[1] Since then, the county has changed provinces numerous times, and has changed prefecture a number of times, until December 15, 1984, when it was placed under Qiqihar, which has remained since.[1]
Administrative divisions
Fuyu County is divided into six towns, three townships, and one ethnic township.[2]
The county's six towns are Fuyu, Fulu, Fuhai, Erdaowan, Long'anqiao, and Taha.[2]
The county's three townships are Fanrong Township, Shaowen Township, and Zhonghou Township.[2]
The county's sole ethnic township is Youyi Daur, Manchu, and Kirghiz Ethnic Township.[2]
Climate
Fuyu has a cold, monsoon-influenced, humid continental climate (Köppen Dwa), with four distinct seasons. It has long, bitterly cold, dry winters and very warm, rainy summers.
| Climate data for Fuyu (1981−2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 0.5 (32.9) |
9.7 (49.5) |
20.7 (69.3) |
28.8 (83.8) |
35.8 (96.4) |
40.7 (105.3) |
38.1 (100.6) |
35.5 (95.9) |
33.3 (91.9) |
26.8 (80.2) |
14.5 (58.1) |
5.3 (41.5) |
40.7 (105.3) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −13.8 (7.2) |
−7.8 (18.0) |
1.6 (34.9) |
12.6 (54.7) |
20.8 (69.4) |
26.2 (79.2) |
27.5 (81.5) |
25.9 (78.6) |
20.0 (68.0) |
10.8 (51.4) |
−2.1 (28.2) |
−11.7 (10.9) |
9.2 (48.5) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −19.8 (−3.6) |
−14.6 (5.7) |
−4.7 (23.5) |
6.2 (43.2) |
14.4 (57.9) |
20.4 (68.7) |
22.6 (72.7) |
20.7 (69.3) |
14.0 (57.2) |
4.7 (40.5) |
−7.6 (18.3) |
−17.1 (1.2) |
3.3 (37.9) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −24.6 (−12.3) |
−20.4 (−4.7) |
−10.6 (12.9) |
−0.1 (31.8) |
7.6 (45.7) |
14.4 (57.9) |
17.8 (64.0) |
16.0 (60.8) |
8.4 (47.1) |
−0.5 (31.1) |
−12.1 (10.2) |
−21.4 (−6.5) |
−2.1 (28.2) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −38.5 (−37.3) |
−36.4 (−33.5) |
−27.7 (−17.9) |
−12.8 (9.0) |
−3.9 (25.0) |
2.7 (36.9) |
9.2 (48.6) |
7.4 (45.3) |
−2.7 (27.1) |
−16.4 (2.5) |
−27.9 (−18.2) |
−35.1 (−31.2) |
−38.5 (−37.3) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 2.6 (0.10) |
2.1 (0.08) |
5.8 (0.23) |
21.6 (0.85) |
31.8 (1.25) |
73.9 (2.91) |
134.8 (5.31) |
98.1 (3.86) |
49.6 (1.95) |
18.3 (0.72) |
4.7 (0.19) |
5.0 (0.20) |
448.3 (17.65) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 4.2 | 3.5 | 3.7 | 5.8 | 7.7 | 12.2 | 13.8 | 11.7 | 9.6 | 5.9 | 4.6 | 5.5 | 88.2 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 71 | 66 | 54 | 49 | 49 | 62 | 75 | 76 | 67 | 59 | 63 | 71 | 64 |
| Source 1: China Meteorological Data Service Center[3] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Weather China (precipitation days 1971–2000)[4] | |||||||||||||
Demographics
Ethnic groups
The county is home to 17 different ethnic groups: Han Chinese, Manchu, Daur, Kyrgyz, Mongolian, Hui, Tibetan, Miao, Yi, Zhuang, Buyi, Korean, Xibe, Yao, Ewenki, Oroqen, and Uygur.[5] Much of the county's ethnic minorities live in villages clustered together, such as Manchus living in the village of Sanjiazi (Chinese: 三家子; Romanized Manchu: Ilan Boo), Kyrgyz living in Wujiazi (Chinese: 五家子), Daurs living in Dengke (Chinese: 登科) and other villages, and Mongols living in Daxiaoquanzi (Chinese: 大小泉子).[5]
Manchu
Fuyu County is home to approximately 7,000 Manchu people, most of whom live in the villages of Damagang (Chinese: 大马岗), Xiaomagang (Chinese: 小马岗), and Dagaoliang (Chinese: 大高粱).[5] The town of Taha hosts an annual Manchu sports festival, which includes horse racing, wrestling, archery, a competition in the traditional Manchu sport of pearl ball (Chinese: 珍珠球), and other events.[5]
Daur
Fuyu County's government estimates that there are approximately 6,000 Daur people living in the county, and that the county's Daur population migrated to the area during the 1750s.[5]
Villages in Fuyu County with large amounts of Daur people include Dengke (Chinese: 登科) Dongji (Chinese: 东极), Dahazhou (Chinese: 大哈洲), Liangchufang (Chinese: 两出房), Shiwuli (Chinese: 十五里), Dongtaha (Chinese: 东塔哈), Xiaogaoliang (Chinese: 小高粱), Xitaha (Chinese: 西塔哈), Kumu (Chinese: 库木), Jiqibao (Chinese: 吉期堡) and Fufeng (Chinese: 富丰).[5]
Mongol
Fuyu County is home to over 2,000 Mongols, who are predominantly Oirats.[5] The county's Mongol population is largely concentrated in the villages of Daquanzi (Chinese: 大泉子), Xiaoquanzi (Chinese: 小泉子), Chenjiazi (Chinese: 陈家子), Bajiazi (Chinese: 八家子), and Sanjianfang (Chinese: 三间房).[5]
Fuyu Kyrgyz
The largely Kyrgyz village of Wujiazi is the largest concentration of Kyrgyz people in China, outside of Xinjiang.[5] Of the 653 people who live in the village, 219 (33.54%) are Kyrgyz.[5] Fuyu County as a whole has 1,400 Kyrgyz people.[5] The Fuyu Kyrgyz are separate from the other Kyrgyz ethnic group (see the Fuyu Kyrgyz language classification), but they are usually listed as Kyrgyz by the authorities.
Languages
Sanjiazi (三家子; Romanized Manchu: Ilan Boo) in Fuyu County is one of the few villages whose elderly inhabitants are considered to being the last native speakers of Manchu.[5][6] The village's school offers courses in Manchu.[5]
The Fuyu Kyrgyz language is spoken in Fuyu County. It is not a variety of Kyrgyz, but is closer to the Siberian modern Khakas and the ancient language of the Yenisei Kyrgyz.[citation needed]
See also
- Aihui District, home to the village of Dawujia, which also boasts native Manchu speakers
- Daur people
- Kyrgyz in China
- Manchu people
- Sanjiazi
External links
- Official website of Fuyu County Government
- 51yala.com map of Fuyu County (in Chinese)
- onegreen.net map of Fuyu County (in Chinese)
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p 富裕县历史沿革 [Fuyu County Organizational History]. xzqh.org (in Chinese). 2012-11-08. Archived from the original on 2021-02-14. Retrieved 2021-02-14.
- ^ a b c d 2020年统计用区划代码（富裕县） [2020 Statistical Division Codes (Fuyu County)] (in Chinese). National Bureau of Statistics of China. 2020. Archived from the original on 2021-02-14. Retrieved 2021-02-14.
- ^ 中国地面气候标准值月值(1981-2010) (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Data Service Center. Retrieved 22 August 2022.
- ^ 枣阳 - 气象数据 -中国天气网 (in Chinese). Weather China. Retrieved 22 August 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m 民俗宗教 [Folklore and Religion] (in Chinese). Fuyu County People's Government. Archived from the original on 2021-02-14. Retrieved 2021-02-14.
- ^ "A Sanjiazi trip report". Archived from the original on 2010-03-15. Retrieved 2010-04-19.