National Supervisory Commission: Difference between revisions
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{{Politics of China |expanded = Supervision }} |
{{Politics of China |expanded = Supervision }} |
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'''National Supervisory Commission of the People's Republic of China'''<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.chinalawtranslate.com/中华人民共和国监察法（草案）/?lang=en |location = China |title = People's Republic of China Supervision Law (draft) |work=China Law Translate |date=6 November 2017 |access-date=27 January 2018 }}</ref> is the highest [[List of anti-corruption agencies|anti-corruption agency]] of the [[China|People's Republic of China]], at the same administrative ranking as [[Supreme People's Court]] and [[Supreme People's Procuratorate]]. Its operations are merged with the [[Central Commission for Discipline Inspection]] of the [[Chinese Communist Party]].<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.ccdi.gov.cn/special/zmsjd/zm19da_zm19da/201802/t20180202_163176.html |location=China |title=Why should the National Supervisory Commission merges its operations with the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of CPC?(为什么中央纪委与国家监察委员会要合署办公？) |work = Website of CCDI & NSC |date=2 Feb 2018 |access-date=2 April 2018 }}</ref> The National Supervision Commission was formed at the first session of the [[13th National People's Congress]] in 2018.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Denyer|first=Simon|title=China's leader tightens grip with new anti-corruption agency|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/chinas-leader-tightens-grip-with-new-anti-corruption-agency/2018/03/19/41f027fe-2b6a-11e8-8dc9-3b51e028b845_story.html|access-date=2020-06-20|newspaper=Washington Post|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url = http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2017-10/30/c_136713601.htm |title=China to set up national supervision commission next year |agency=[[Xinhua News Agency]] |date=2017-10-30 }}</ref> The Commission includes the director, deputy director, and ordinary members and the director is appointed by the [[National People's Congress]].<ref>{{Cite news |url = http://www.thestandard.com.hk/section-news.php?id=189250&sid=3 |title = Anti-graft campaign to broaden |work=[[The Standard (Hong Kong)|The Standard]] |date=2017-11-06 }}</ref> |
'''National Supervisory Commission of the People's Republic of China'''<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.chinalawtranslate.com/中华人民共和国监察法（草案）/?lang=en |location = China |title = People's Republic of China Supervision Law (draft) |work=China Law Translate |date=6 November 2017 |access-date=27 January 2018 }}</ref> is the highest [[List of anti-corruption agencies|anti-corruption agency]] of the [[China|People's Republic of China]], at the same administrative ranking as [[Supreme People's Court]] and [[Supreme People's Procuratorate]]. Its operations are merged with the [[Central Commission for Discipline Inspection]] of the [[Chinese Communist Party]].<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.ccdi.gov.cn/special/zmsjd/zm19da_zm19da/201802/t20180202_163176.html |location=China |title=Why should the National Supervisory Commission merges its operations with the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of CPC?(为什么中央纪委与国家监察委员会要合署办公？) |work = Website of CCDI & NSC |date=2 Feb 2018 |access-date=2 April 2018 }}</ref> The National Supervision Commission was formed at the first session of the [[13th National People's Congress]] in 2018.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Denyer|first=Simon|title=China's leader tightens grip with new anti-corruption agency|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/chinas-leader-tightens-grip-with-new-anti-corruption-agency/2018/03/19/41f027fe-2b6a-11e8-8dc9-3b51e028b845_story.html|access-date=2020-06-20|newspaper=Washington Post|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url = http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2017-10/30/c_136713601.htm |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171204040358/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2017-10/30/c_136713601.htm |url-status = dead |archive-date = December 4, 2017 |title=China to set up national supervision commission next year |agency=[[Xinhua News Agency]] |date=2017-10-30 }}</ref> The Commission includes the director, deputy director, and ordinary members and the director is appointed by the [[National People's Congress]].<ref>{{Cite news |url = http://www.thestandard.com.hk/section-news.php?id=189250&sid=3 |title = Anti-graft campaign to broaden |work=[[The Standard (Hong Kong)|The Standard]] |date=2017-11-06 }}</ref> |
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== Background == |
== Background == |
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The formation of the National Supervisory Commission centralized control of anti-corruption resources to the central authorities and was aimed at curbing local interference in anti-corruption efforts. The former National Anti-Corruption Bureau, the Office Against Dereliction of Duty, and the anti-corruption department of the Procuratorate were all folded into a single agency.<ref name="dengj" /> |
The formation of the National Supervisory Commission centralized control of anti-corruption resources to the central authorities and was aimed at curbing local interference in anti-corruption efforts. The former National Anti-Corruption Bureau, the Office Against Dereliction of Duty, and the anti-corruption department of the Procuratorate were all folded into a single agency.<ref name="dengj" /> |
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In February 2018, an amendment to the [[Constitution of the People's Republic of China|constitution]] was proposed to make national and local supervision commissions official state organs. Local commissions will be appointed by local peoples' congresses at county and higher level and will be accountable to them and to the supervision commission at the higher level.<ref>{{Cite web |url = http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-02/25/c_136999323.htm |title=CPC proposes listing supervisory commissions as state organs in Constitution|date=2018-02-25|website=www.xinhuanet.com|publisher=Xinhua|access-date=2018-02-25}}</ref> |
In February 2018, an amendment to the [[Constitution of the People's Republic of China|constitution]] was proposed to make national and local supervision commissions official state organs. Local commissions will be appointed by local peoples' congresses at county and higher level and will be accountable to them and to the supervision commission at the higher level.<ref>{{Cite web |url = http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-02/25/c_136999323.htm |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180225163702/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-02/25/c_136999323.htm |url-status = dead |archive-date = February 25, 2018 |title=CPC proposes listing supervisory commissions as state organs in Constitution|date=2018-02-25|website=www.xinhuanet.com|publisher=Xinhua|access-date=2018-02-25}}</ref> |
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== List of directors == |
== List of directors == |
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Revision as of 07:39, 14 July 2022
| National Supervisory Commission of the People's Republic of China 中华人民共和国国家监察委员会 Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó Guójiā Jiānchá Wěiyuánhuì | |
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.svg) | |
| Common name | National Supervisory Commission (NSC) |
| Agency overview | |
| Formed | March 23, 2018 |
| Jurisdictional structure | |
| National agency | China |
| Operations jurisdiction | China |
| Operational structure | |
| Headquarters | Beijing, China |
| Elected officer responsible |
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| Website | |
| CCDI & NSC official website | |
| National Supervisory Commission of the People's Republic of China | |||||||
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| Simplified Chinese | 中华人民共和国国家监察委员会 | ||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 中華人民共和國國家監察委員會 | ||||||
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State representative
Executive organ Military organ
Supervisory organ |
 China portal |
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National Supervisory Commission of the People's Republic of China[1] is the highest anti-corruption agency of the People's Republic of China, at the same administrative ranking as Supreme People's Court and Supreme People's Procuratorate. Its operations are merged with the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Chinese Communist Party.[2] The National Supervision Commission was formed at the first session of the 13th National People's Congress in 2018.[3][4] The Commission includes the director, deputy director, and ordinary members and the director is appointed by the National People's Congress.[5]
Background
The National Supervisory Commission was formed as part of a series of reforms to China's anti-corruption system during the first term of Xi Jinping as General Secretary of the Communist Party. The NSC roots originated from the imperial Chinese supervision system which originated in the Qin and Han dynasties. The system has been functioning for more than two thousand years. The names and structures of the supervisory offices may vary from one dynasty to another. However, they share the same values. For centuries, these offices aimed to uphold justice, enforce discipline and supervise government ethics. To achieve the goals, government officials periodically investigated, conducted visits and reported cases of impeachment to emperors.
After the 1911 Revolution, the founder of the Republic of China, Sun Yat-sen advocated a five-power constitution to spearhead the Chinese revolution. Drawing from the Western separation of powers (three branches: a legislature, an executive, and a judiciary), he added another two traditional Chinese government powers, examination and supervision (control), to propose the Five-Power Constitution.[6] The Constitution of the Republic of China was promulgated in 1947 which made the Control Yuan a parliamentary chamber until the reforms of 1991 which it became the sole auditory body in Taiwan.
While the Communist Party had institutionalized internal mechanisms for combating corruption in some form since its founding and the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949, it was apparent that it was largely ineffective at curbing systemic corruption, and otherwise had no legal basis, as the main organ tasked with combating corruption and malfeasance, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, was a party organ, not a state one.[7]
Prior to Xi's anti-corruption campaign, offenses were often prosecuted at the direction of local party authorities through their control of local Commissions for Discipline Inspection (CDIs) and procuratorial organs. While these authorities theoretically reported to their superior commissions at the next higher level of administration (i.e. the municipal organ would report to the provincial one, the provincial organ would report into the CCDI), in addition to answering to the local party leadership, in reality the local CDIs only answered to local party leaders, as they controlled the budgets, personnel, and resources of these organizations. This often led to arbitrary exercise of power and political selectiveness in the targets of corruption efforts.[7]
Formation
In late 2016, Supervisory Commissions (SCs) began pilot initiatives in Shanxi, Beijing and Zhejiang. Provincial level chiefs of Discipline Inspection began serving concurrently as heads of the local Supervisory Commissions.[7]
The formation of the National Supervisory Commission centralized control of anti-corruption resources to the central authorities and was aimed at curbing local interference in anti-corruption efforts. The former National Anti-Corruption Bureau, the Office Against Dereliction of Duty, and the anti-corruption department of the Procuratorate were all folded into a single agency.[7]
In February 2018, an amendment to the constitution was proposed to make national and local supervision commissions official state organs. Local commissions will be appointed by local peoples' congresses at county and higher level and will be accountable to them and to the supervision commission at the higher level.[8]
List of directors
| No. | Name | Chinese name | Took office | Left office |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Yang Xiaodu | 杨晓渡 | March 2018 |
See also
- Anti-corruption campaign under Xi Jinping
- Censorate (imperial China)
- Central Leading Group for Inspection Work
- Commission Against Corruption (Macau)
- Control Yuan (Republic of China)
- Corruption in China
- Independent Commission Against Corruption (Hong Kong)
- Ministry of Supervision
References
- ^ "People's Republic of China Supervision Law (draft)". China Law Translate. China. 6 November 2017. Retrieved 27 January 2018.
- ^ "Why should the National Supervisory Commission merges its operations with the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of CPC?(为什么中央纪委与国家监察委员会要合署办公？)". Website of CCDI & NSC. China. 2 Feb 2018. Retrieved 2 April 2018.
- ^ Denyer, Simon. "China's leader tightens grip with new anti-corruption agency". Washington Post. Retrieved 2020-06-20.
- ^ "China to set up national supervision commission next year". Xinhua News Agency. 2017-10-30. Archived from the original on December 4, 2017.
- ^ "Anti-graft campaign to broaden". The Standard. 2017-11-06.
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-01-24. Retrieved 2021-04-07.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ a b c d Deng, Jinting (March 2018). "The National Supervision Commission: A New Anti-corruption Model in China". International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice. 52: 58–73. doi:10.1016/j.ijlcj.2017.09.005.
- ^ "CPC proposes listing supervisory commissions as state organs in Constitution". www.xinhuanet.com. Xinhua. 2018-02-25. Archived from the original on February 25, 2018. Retrieved 2018-02-25.
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