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{{short description|Greek politician}}
{{short description|Greek politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2013}}
{{Infobox officeholder
[[File:Theodoros Deligiannis.JPG|thumb|right|200px|Theodoros Diligiannis]]
|name = Theodoros Diligiannis
|image = Theodoros Deligiannis.JPG
|caption = Theodoros Diligiannis, Prime Minister of Greece
|office = [[File:Royal Coat of Arms of Greece (1863-1936).svg|22px]] <br> [[Prime Minister of Greece]]
|term_start = 1 May 1885
|term_end = 9 May 1886
|monarch = [[George I of Greece|George I]]
|predecessor = [[Charilaos Trikoupis]]
|successor = [[Dimitrios Valvis]]
|term_start1 = 5 November 1890
|term_end1 = 1 March 1892
|predecessor1 = [[Charilaos Trikoupis]]
|successor1 = [[Konstantinos Konstantopoulos]]
|term_start2 = 11 June 1895
|term_end2 = 30 April 1897
|predecessor2 = [[Nikolaos Deligiannis]]
|successor2 = [[Dimitrios Rallis]]
|term_start3 = 6 December 1902
|term_end3 = 27 June 1903
|predecessor3 = [[Alexandros Zaimis]]
|successor3 = [[Georgios Theotokis]]
|term_start4 = 29 December 1904
|term_end4 = 13 June 1905
|predecessor4 = [[Georgios Theotokis]]
|successor4 = [[Dimitrios Rallis]]
|birth_date = April 1826<ref name="BritannicaWeb">{{Cite web|title=Theódoros Dhiliyiánnis|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Theodoros-Dhiliyiannis|publisher=[[Encyclopædia_Britannica#Optical_disc,_online,_and_mobile_versions|Britannica.com]]|date=2022-03-28|access-date=2022-04-18}}</ref>
|birth_place = [[Kalavryta]], [[Greece]]
|death_date = {{death date and age|1905|06|13|1826|04|01|df=y}}
|death_place = [[Athens]], Greece
|party = [[Nationalist Party (Greece)|Nationalist Party]]
|relatives = [[Nikolaos Deligiannis]] (cousin once removed)
}}


'''Theodoros Deligiannis''' was a [[Greece|Greek]] [[politician]], minister and [[member of the Greek Parliament]], who served as [[Prime Minister of Greece]] five times from 1885 to 1905.
'''Theodoros Deligiannis''' was a [[Greece|Greek]] [[politician]], minister and [[member of the Greek Parliament]], who served as [[Prime Minister of Greece]] five times from 1885 to 1905.


He led the National Party, which, along with the [[New Party (Greece, 1873)|New Party]], led by his primary political opponent, [[Charilaos Trikoupis]], formed the [[two-party system]] of the time.
He led the [[Nationalist Party (Greece)|Nationalist Party]], which, alongside the [[New Party (Greece, 1873)|New Party]] led by his primary political opponent, [[Charilaos Trikoupis]], formed the [[two-party system]] of the time.


== Life ==
== Life ==
He was born at [[Lagkadia, Arcadia]]. He studied law in [[Athens]], and in 1843 entered the [[Ministry of the Interior]], of which department he became permanent secretary in 1859. In 1862, on the deposition of [[Otto of Greece|King Otto]], he became minister for foreign affairs in the provisional government. In 1867, he was Greek Minister at Paris. On his return to Athens he became a member of successive cabinets in various capacities, and rapidly collected a party around him consisting of those who opposed his great rival, [[Charilaos Trikoupis]].<ref name="EB1911">{{EB1911|wstitle=Delyanni, Theodoros|volume=7|page=979}}</ref> He eventually became the leader of the [[Nationalist Party (Greece)|Nationalist Party]] after [[Alexandros Koumoundouros]].
He was born at [[Kalavryta]].<ref name="BritannicaWeb" /> He studied law in [[Athens]], and in 1843 entered the [[Ministry of the Interior]], of which department he became permanent secretary in 1859. In 1862, on the deposition of [[Otto of Greece|King Otto]], he became minister for foreign affairs in the provisional government. In 1867, he was Greek Minister at Paris. On his return to Athens he became a member of successive cabinets in various capacities, and rapidly collected a party around him consisting of those who opposed his great rival, [[Charilaos Trikoupis]].<ref name="EB1911">{{EB1911|wstitle=Delyanni, Theodoros|volume=7|page=979}}</ref> He eventually became the leader of the [[Nationalist Party (Greece)|Nationalist Party]] after [[Alexandros Koumoundouros]].


In the so-called Oecumenical Ministry of 1877 he voted for war with [[Ottoman Empire|Turkey]], and on its fall he entered the cabinet of Koumoundouros as minister for foreign affairs. He was a representative of Greece at the [[Berlin Congress]] in 1878. From this time forward, and particularly after 1882, when Trikoupis again came into power at the head of a strong party, the duel between these two statesmen was the leading feature of Greek politics.<ref name="EB1911"/>
In the so-called Oecumenical Ministry of 1877 he voted for war with [[Ottoman Empire|Turkey]], and on its fall he entered the cabinet of Koumoundouros as minister for foreign affairs. He was a representative of Greece at the [[Berlin Congress]] in 1878. From this time forward, and particularly after 1882, when Trikoupis again came into power at the head of a strong party, the duel between these two statesmen was the leading feature of Greek politics.<ref name="EB1911"/>


Diligiannis first formed a cabinet in 1885; but his warlike policy, the aim of which was, by threatening Turkey, to force the [[Great Powers]] to make concessions in order to avoid the risk of a European war, ended in failure. For the powers, in order to stop his excessive armaments, eventually blockaded the [[Piraeus]] and other ports, and this brought about his downfall. He returned to power in 1890, with a radical programme, but his failure to deal with the financial crisis produced a conflict between him and the king, and his disrespectful attitude resulted in his summary dismissal in 1892. Diligiannis evidently expected the public to side with him; but at the elections he was badly beaten.<ref name="EB1911"/>
Diligiannis first formed a cabinet in 1885; but his warlike policy, the aim of which was, by threatening Turkey, to force the [[Great Powers]] to make concessions in order to avoid the risk of a European war, ended in failure. For the powers, in order to stop his excessive armaments, eventually blockaded the [[Piraeus]] and other ports, and this brought about his downfall. He returned to power in 1890, with a radical programme, but his failure to deal with the financial crisis produced a conflict between him and the king, and his disrespectful attitude resulted in his summary dismissal in 1892. Diligiannis evidently expected the public to side with him; but at the elections he was badly beaten.<ref name="EB1911"/>

⚫
[[File:Greek-Delegation-Berlin-Congress.jpg|thumb|200px|Diligiannis and the Greek delegation at the 1878 [[Berlin Congress]].]]
⚫
[[Image:Murder Deligiannis.jpg|thumb|200px|The assassination of Diligiannis, in a contemporary coloured lithograph.]]
⚫
[[File:Theod Diligiannis.JPG|thumb|200px|Statue near the old parliament (sculp. [[Georgios Dimitriades]])]]


In 1895, however, he again became prime minister, and was at the head of affairs during the Cretan crisis and the opening of the war with Turkey in 1897. The easy defeat which ensued though Diligiannis himself had been led into the disastrous war policy to some extent against his will caused his fall in April 1897, the king again dismissing him from office when he declined to resign. Delyanni kept his own seat at the election of 1899, but his following dwindled to small dimensions. He quickly recovered his influence, however, and he was again president of the council and minister of the interior when, on 13 June 1905, he was assassinated in revenge for the rigorous measures taken by him against gambling houses.<ref name="EB1911"/> His attacker, a professional gambler named Antonios Gherakaris, stabbed him with a dagger in the abdomen as he was entering the parliament. The incident took place at 5pm; an emergency operation failed to stop his internal bleeding and Diligiannis died at 7.30pm.{{citation needed|date=June 2015}}
In 1895, however, he again became prime minister, and was at the head of affairs during the Cretan crisis and the opening of the war with Turkey in 1897. The easy defeat which ensued though Diligiannis himself had been led into the disastrous war policy to some extent against his will caused his fall in April 1897, the king again dismissing him from office when he declined to resign. Delyanni kept his own seat at the election of 1899, but his following dwindled to small dimensions. He quickly recovered his influence, however, and he was again president of the council and minister of the interior when, on 13 June 1905, he was assassinated in revenge for the rigorous measures taken by him against gambling houses.<ref name="EB1911"/> His attacker, a professional gambler named Antonios Gherakaris, stabbed him with a dagger in the abdomen as he was entering the parliament. The incident took place at 5pm; an emergency operation failed to stop his internal bleeding and Diligiannis died at 7.30pm.{{citation needed|date=June 2015}}

{{Gallery
|align=center
⚫
|File:Greek-Delegation-Berlin-Congress.jpg|Diligiannis and the Greek delegation at the 1878 [[Berlin Congress]].
⚫
|Image:Murder Deligiannis.jpg|The assassination of Diligiannis, in a contemporary coloured lithograph.
⚫
|File:Theod Diligiannis.JPG|Statue near the old parliament (sculp. [[Georgios Dimitriades]])
}}
{{clear}}
{{clear}}


Revision as of 22:17, 18 April 2022

Theodoros Diligiannis
Theodoros Diligiannis, Prime Minister of Greece

Prime Minister of Greece
In office
1 May 1885 – 9 May 1886
MonarchGeorge I
Preceded byCharilaos Trikoupis
Succeeded byDimitrios Valvis
In office
5 November 1890 – 1 March 1892
Preceded byCharilaos Trikoupis
Succeeded byKonstantinos Konstantopoulos
In office
11 June 1895 – 30 April 1897
Preceded byNikolaos Deligiannis
Succeeded byDimitrios Rallis
In office
6 December 1902 – 27 June 1903
Preceded byAlexandros Zaimis
Succeeded byGeorgios Theotokis
In office
29 December 1904 – 13 June 1905
Preceded byGeorgios Theotokis
Succeeded byDimitrios Rallis
Personal details
BornApril 1826[1]
Kalavryta, Greece
Died13 June 1905(1905-06-13) (aged 79)
Athens, Greece
Political partyNationalist Party
RelativesNikolaos Deligiannis (cousin once removed)

Theodoros Deligiannis was a Greek politician, minister and member of the Greek Parliament, who served as Prime Minister of Greece five times from 1885 to 1905.

He led the Nationalist Party, which, alongside the New Party led by his primary political opponent, Charilaos Trikoupis, formed the two-party system of the time.

Life

He was born at Kalavryta.[1] He studied law in Athens, and in 1843 entered the Ministry of the Interior, of which department he became permanent secretary in 1859. In 1862, on the deposition of King Otto, he became minister for foreign affairs in the provisional government. In 1867, he was Greek Minister at Paris. On his return to Athens he became a member of successive cabinets in various capacities, and rapidly collected a party around him consisting of those who opposed his great rival, Charilaos Trikoupis.[2] He eventually became the leader of the Nationalist Party after Alexandros Koumoundouros.

In the so-called Oecumenical Ministry of 1877 he voted for war with Turkey, and on its fall he entered the cabinet of Koumoundouros as minister for foreign affairs. He was a representative of Greece at the Berlin Congress in 1878. From this time forward, and particularly after 1882, when Trikoupis again came into power at the head of a strong party, the duel between these two statesmen was the leading feature of Greek politics.[2]

Diligiannis first formed a cabinet in 1885; but his warlike policy, the aim of which was, by threatening Turkey, to force the Great Powers to make concessions in order to avoid the risk of a European war, ended in failure. For the powers, in order to stop his excessive armaments, eventually blockaded the Piraeus and other ports, and this brought about his downfall. He returned to power in 1890, with a radical programme, but his failure to deal with the financial crisis produced a conflict between him and the king, and his disrespectful attitude resulted in his summary dismissal in 1892. Diligiannis evidently expected the public to side with him; but at the elections he was badly beaten.[2]

In 1895, however, he again became prime minister, and was at the head of affairs during the Cretan crisis and the opening of the war with Turkey in 1897. The easy defeat which ensued though Diligiannis himself had been led into the disastrous war policy to some extent against his will caused his fall in April 1897, the king again dismissing him from office when he declined to resign. Delyanni kept his own seat at the election of 1899, but his following dwindled to small dimensions. He quickly recovered his influence, however, and he was again president of the council and minister of the interior when, on 13 June 1905, he was assassinated in revenge for the rigorous measures taken by him against gambling houses.[2] His attacker, a professional gambler named Antonios Gherakaris, stabbed him with a dagger in the abdomen as he was entering the parliament. The incident took place at 5pm; an emergency operation failed to stop his internal bleeding and Diligiannis died at 7.30pm.[citation needed]

  • Diligiannis and the Greek delegation at the 1878 Berlin Congress.
    Diligiannis and the Greek delegation at the 1878 Berlin Congress.
  • The assassination of Diligiannis, in a contemporary coloured lithograph.
    The assassination of Diligiannis, in a contemporary coloured lithograph.
  • Statue near the old parliament (sculp. Georgios Dimitriades)
    Statue near the old parliament (sculp. Georgios Dimitriades)

Notes

  1. ^ a b "Theódoros Dhiliyiánnis". Britannica.com. 28 March 2022. Retrieved 18 April 2022.
  2. ^ a b c d  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Delyanni, Theodoros". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 7 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 979.

Sources

Further reading

  • Chatziioannou, Maria Christina. "Relations between the State and the Private Sphere: Speculation and Corruption in Nineteenth-century Greece. Mediterranean Historical Review, 1743-940X, Volume 23, Issue 1, 2008, pp. 1–14.
Political offices
Preceded by Prime Minister of Greece
1 May 1885 – 9 May 1886 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Prime Minister of Greece
5 November 1890 – 1 March 1892 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Prime Minister of Greece
11 June 1895 – 30 April 1897 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Prime Minister of Greece
6 December 1902 – 27 June 1903 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Prime Minister of Greece
29 December 1904 – 13 June 1905 		Succeeded by
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