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Brunei's political system is governed by the constitution and the national tradition of the Malay Islamic Monarchy (''[[Melayu Islam Beraja]]''; MIB). The three components of MIB cover Malay culture, Islamic religion, and the political framework under the monarchy.<ref name="bruneipress.com.bn">{{cite web |url=http://www.bruneipress.com.bn/brunei/brunei.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020623025316/http://www.bruneipress.com.bn/brunei/brunei.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=23 June 2002 |title=About Brunei |publisher=Bruneipress.com.bn |date=30 July 1998 |access-date=23 March 2012 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> It has a legal system based on [[English common law]], although Islamic law (''[[shariah]]'') supersedes this in some cases.<ref name=cia>{{cite journal | url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/brunei/ | title=Brunei | publisher=[[CIA World Factbook]] | year=2011 | access-date=13 January 2011 }}</ref> Brunei [[Legislative Council of Brunei|has a parliament]] but there are no elections; the last election was held in [[Brunei Revolt|1962]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/brunei-darussalam/constitution-politics#sthash.ij6FNXxq.dpuf|title=Brunei Darussalam : Constitution and politics|website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref>
Brunei's political system is governed by the constitution and the national tradition of the Malay Islamic Monarchy (''[[Melayu Islam Beraja]]''; MIB). The three components of MIB cover Malay culture, Islamic religion, and the political framework under the monarchy.<ref name="bruneipress.com.bn">{{cite web |url=http://www.bruneipress.com.bn/brunei/brunei.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020623025316/http://www.bruneipress.com.bn/brunei/brunei.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=23 June 2002 |title=About Brunei |publisher=Bruneipress.com.bn |date=30 July 1998 |access-date=23 March 2012 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> It has a legal system based on [[English common law]], although Islamic law (''[[shariah]]'') supersedes this in some cases.<ref name=cia>{{cite journal | url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/brunei/ | title=Brunei | publisher=[[CIA World Factbook]] | year=2011 | access-date=13 January 2011 }}</ref> Brunei [[Legislative Council of Brunei|has a parliament]] but there are no elections; the last election was held in [[Brunei Revolt|1962]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/brunei-darussalam/constitution-politics#sthash.ij6FNXxq.dpuf|title=Brunei Darussalam : Constitution and politics|website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref>


Under Brunei's 1959 constitution, [[His Majesty Paduka Seri Baginda Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah Mu'izzaddin Waddaulah]] is the [[head of state]] with full executive authority. Since [[Brunei Revolt|1962]], this authority has included emergency powers, which are renewed every two years. Brunei has technically been under [[martial law]] since the [[Brunei Revolt]] of 1962.<ref name="US DOS">{{cite web|title=Background Note: Brunei|url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2700.htm|publisher=US Department of State|access-date=23 December 2011}}</ref> [[Hassanal Bolkiah]] also serves as the state's prime minister, [[finance minister]] and [[defence minister]].<ref>{{cite web|last=PMO Organisation Chart|title=Organisation Chart at the Prime Minister's Office|url=http://pmo.gov.bn|access-date=14 January 2012}}</ref>
Under Brunei's 1959 constitution, His Majesty [[Hassanal Bolkiah]] is the [[head of state]] with full executive authority. Since [[Brunei Revolt|1962]], this authority has included emergency powers, which are renewed every two years. Brunei has technically been under [[martial law]] since the [[Brunei Revolt]] of 1962.<ref name="US DOS">{{cite web|title=Background Note: Brunei|url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2700.htm|publisher=US Department of State|access-date=23 December 2011}}</ref> [[Hassanal Bolkiah]] also serves as the state's prime minister, [[finance minister]] and [[defence minister]].<ref>{{cite web|last=PMO Organisation Chart|title=Organisation Chart at the Prime Minister's Office|url=http://pmo.gov.bn|access-date=14 January 2012}}</ref>


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 20:21, 2 April 2022

Constitution of Brunei Darussalam
Emblem of Brunei Darussalam
Overview
JurisdictionBrunei Darussalam
Created1959
Full text
Constitution of Brunei at Wikisource

The Constitution of Brunei Darussalam was created in 1959.[1] Ultimate authority rests with the Sultan, who is both head of state and head of government. In 2004 the Sultan approved a number of amendments to the constitution, including provision for a partially elected Legislative Council. As of 31 December 2018, elections had not been held.[2]

Brunei's political system is governed by the constitution and the national tradition of the Malay Islamic Monarchy (Melayu Islam Beraja; MIB). The three components of MIB cover Malay culture, Islamic religion, and the political framework under the monarchy.[3] It has a legal system based on English common law, although Islamic law (shariah) supersedes this in some cases.[4] Brunei has a parliament but there are no elections; the last election was held in 1962.[5]

Under Brunei's 1959 constitution, His Majesty Hassanal Bolkiah is the head of state with full executive authority. Since 1962, this authority has included emergency powers, which are renewed every two years. Brunei has technically been under martial law since the Brunei Revolt of 1962.[6] Hassanal Bolkiah also serves as the state's prime minister, finance minister and defence minister.[7]

References

  1. ^ "Brunei Darussalam's Constitution of 1959 with Amendments through 2006" (PDF). www.agc.gov.bn. March 31, 2021.
  2. ^ Brunei. britannica.com. December 31, 2018.
  3. ^ "About Brunei". Bruneipress.com.bn. 30 July 1998. Archived from the original on 23 June 2002. Retrieved 23 March 2012.
  4. ^ "Brunei". CIA World Factbook. 2011. Retrieved 13 January 2011. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  5. ^ "Brunei Darussalam : Constitution and politics". thecommonwealth.org.
  6. ^ "Background Note: Brunei". US Department of State. Retrieved 23 December 2011.
  7. ^ PMO Organisation Chart. "Organisation Chart at the Prime Minister's Office". Retrieved 14 January 2012.


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