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[[File:Freedericksz gravestone.jpg|thumb|Freedericksz's grave in [[Kauniainen]], Finland.]]
[[File:Freedericksz gravestone.jpg|thumb|Freedericksz's grave in [[Kauniainen]], Finland.]]


His private mansion in St. Petersburg was pillaged and set on fire on the first day of [[February Revolution]]. After the [[Russian Revolution (1917)|Revolution]], Freedericksz lived in [[Petrograd]] before being allowed in 1925 to leave for Finland where he spent the last years of his life.
His private mansion in St. Petersburg was pillaged and set on fire on the first day of [[February Revolution]]. After the [[Russian Revolution (1917)|Revolution]], Freedericksz lived in [[Petrograd]] before being allowed in 1925 to leave for Finland, where he spent the last years of his life.


==Honours and awards==
==Honours and awards==
===Russian orders===
===Russian orders and decorations===
*[[File:RUS_Order_św._Stanisława_(baretka).svg|40px|link=Order of Saint Stanislaus (House of Romanov)]] [[Order of Saint Stanislaus (House of Romanov)|Order of St. Stanislaus]], 2nd class (30.8.1869)
* [[Order of Saint Stanislaus (House of Romanov)|Knight of St. Stanislaus]], 2nd Class, ''30 August 1869''; 1st Class, ''15 May 1883''
*[[File:Order_of_Saint_Vladimir,_ribbon_bar.svg|40px|link=Order of St. Vladimir]] [[Order of St. Vladimir]], 4th class (30.8.1873)
* [[Order of St. Vladimir|Knight of St. Vladimir]], 4th Class, ''30 August 1873''; 3rd Class, ''19 February 1880''; 2nd Class, ''30 August 1889''; 1st Class, ''6 December 1906''
*[[File:Order_of_Saint_Anna_ribbon_bar.svg|40px|link=Order of St. Anna]] [[Order of St. Anna]], 2nd class (26.8.1876)
* [[Order of St. Anna|Knight of St. Anna]], 2nd Class, ''26 August 1876''; 1st Class, ''30 August 1886''
⚫
* [[Order of the White Eagle (Russian Empire)|Knight of the White Eagle]], ''2 April 1895''
*[[File:Order_of_Saint_Vladimir,_ribbon_bar.svg|40px|link=Order of St. Vladimir]] Order of St. Vladimir, 3rd class (19.2.1880)
⚫
* [[Order of St. Alexander Nevsky|Knight of St. Alexander Nevsky]], ''1 January 1899''
*[[File:RUS_Order_św._Stanisława_(baretka).svg|40px|link=Order of Saint Stanislaus (House of Romanov)]] Order of St. Stanislaus, 1st class (15.5.1883)
*[[File:Order_of_Saint_Anna_ribbon_bar.svg|40px|link=Order of St. Anna]] Order of St. Anna, 1st class (30.8.1886)
* [[Order of St. Andrew|Knight of St. Andrew]], ''25 March 1908''
*[[File:Order_of_Saint_Vladimir,_ribbon_bar.svg|40px|link=Order of St. Vladimir]] Order of St. Vladimir, 2nd class (30.8.1889)
⚫
*[[File:RUS_Order_White_Eagle_BAR.png|40px|link=Order of the White Eagle (Russian Empire)]] [[Order of the White Eagle (Russian Empire)|Order of the White Eagle]] (2.4.1895)
⚫
*[[File:RUS_Order_of_St._Alexander_Nevsky_BAR.png|40px|link=Order of St. Alexander Nevsky]] [[Order of St. Alexander Nevsky]] (1.1.1899)
*[[File:Order_of_Saint_Vladimir,_ribbon_bar.svg|40px|link=Order of St. Vladimir]] Order of St. Vladimir, 1st class (6.12.1906)
*[[File:St.AndrewOrder.png|40px|link=Order of St. Andrew]] [[Order of St. Andrew]] (25.3.1908)


;Medals
====Russian medals====
*[[File:St.AndrewOrder.png|40px|:ru:Медаль «В память войны 1853—1856»]] [[:ru:Медаль «В память войны 1853—1856»|Medal "In Memory of the War of 1853-1856"]]
* [[:ru:Медаль «В память войны 1853—1856»|Medal "In Memory of the War of 1853-1856"]]
*[[File:Russian Imperial Order of Saint Alexander Nevsky ribbon bar.svg|40px|:ru:Медаль «В память коронации императора Александра III»]] [[:ru:Медаль «В память коронации императора Александра III»|Medal "In Memory of the Coronation of Emperor Alexander III"]]
* [[:ru:Медаль «В память коронации императора Александра III»|Medal "In Memory of the Coronation of Emperor Alexander III"]]
*[[File:St.AndrewOrder.png|40px|:ru:Медаль «В память коронации Императора Николая II»]] [[:ru:Медаль «В память коронации Императора Николая II»|Medal "In Memory of the Coronation of Emperor Nicholas II"]]
* [[:ru:Медаль «В память коронации Императора Николая II»|Medal "In Memory of the Coronation of Emperor Nicholas II"]]
*[[File:Russian Imperial Order of Saint Alexander Nevsky ribbon bar.svg|40px|:ru:Медаль «В память царствования императора Александра III»]] [[:ru:Медаль «В память царствования императора Александра III»|Medal "In Memory of the Reign of Emperor Alexander III"]]
* [[:ru:Медаль «В память царствования императора Александра III»|Medal "In Memory of the Reign of Emperor Alexander III"]]
*[[File:Russian Imperial Order of Saint Alexander Nevsky ribbon bar.svg|40px|:ru:Медаль Красного Креста «В память русско-японской войны»]] [[:ru:Медаль Красного Креста «В память русско-японской войны»|Medal of the Red Gross "In Memory of the Russo-Japanese War"]] (1906)
* [[:ru:Медаль Красного Креста «В память русско-японской войны»|Medal of the Red Gross "In Memory of the Russo-Japanese War"]] (1906)
*[[File:Alex-George bar.JPG|40px|:ru:Медаль «В память русско-японской войны»]] [[:ru:Медаль «В память русско-японской войны»|Medal "In Memory of the Russo-Japanese War"]] (1906)
* [[:ru:Медаль «В память русско-японской войны»|Medal "In Memory of the Russo-Japanese War"]] (1906)
*[[File:St.AndrewOrder.png|40px|:ru:Медаль «В память 200-летия Полтавской битвы»]] [[:ru:Медаль «В память 200-летия Полтавской битвы»|Medal "In Memory of the 200th Anniversary of the Battle of Poltava"]]
* [[:ru:Медаль «В память 200-летия Полтавской битвы»|Medal "In Memory of the 200th Anniversary of the Battle of Poltava"]]


===Foreign orders===
===Foreign orders and decorations===
{{columns-list|colwidth=25em|
⚫
*[[File:Order of the Cross of Takovo (Serbia) - ribbon bar.png|40px|]] [[Order of the Cross of Takovo]] ([[Kingdom of Serbia]])<ref>{{Cite book|last=Acović|first=Dragomir|title=Slava i čast: Odlikovanja među Srbima, Srbi među odlikovanjima|year=2012|location=Belgrade|publisher=Službeni Glasnik|pages=620}}</ref>
* {{flag|Württemberg}}: Grand Cross of the [[Friedrich Order]], ''1891''<ref>''Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreich Württemberg'' (1896), "Königliche Orden" p. [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_Pc5CAAAAYAAJ/page/98/mode/2up 98]</ref>
*[[File:Order of the Karađorđe's Star rib.png|40px|]] [[Order of Karađorđe's Star]] ([[Kingdom of Serbia]])<ref>{{Cite book|last=Acović|first=Dragomir|title=Slava i čast: Odlikovanja među Srbima, Srbi među odlikovanjima|year=2012|location=Belgrade|publisher=Službeni Glasnik|pages=620}}</ref>
* {{flag|Sweden|1844}}:
*[[File:ME Order of Danilo I Knight Grand Cross BAR.svg|40px|]] [[Order of Prince Danilo I]] ([[Kingdom of Montenegro]])<ref>{{Cite book|last=Acović|first=Dragomir|title=Slava i čast: Odlikovanja među Srbima, Srbi među odlikovanjima|year=2012|location=Belgrade|publisher=Službeni Glasnik|pages=620}}</ref>
** [[Order of the Sword|Commander Grand Cross of the Sword]], ''15 February 1892''<ref>{{citation|title=Sveriges statskalender för Skottåret 1897 |year=1896|chapter-url=https://gupea.ub.gu.se/bitstream/2077/62244/1/gupea_2077_62244_1.pdf|chapter=Kongl. Svenska Riddare-Ordnarne|access-date=16 November 2020|page=416|language=sv|via=gupea.ub.gu.se|location=Stockholm}}</ref>
⚫
*[[File:Ord.Aquilarossa-GC.png|40px|]] [[Order of the Red Eagle]], Grand Cross, ''1899''; in Diamonds, ''21 September 1901'' ([[Kingdom of Prussia]])<ref>{{citation|title=Königlich Preussische Ordensliste (supp.)|volume=1|chapter-url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015025921423&view=1up&seq=5&skin=2021|page=[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015025921423&view=1up&seq=615&skin=2021 7]|lang=German|location=Berlin|publisher=Gedruckt in der Reichsdruckerei|year=1895|chapter=Rother Adler-orden|via=hathitrust.org}}</ref>
*[[File:Royal Order of the Sword - Commander Grand Cross BAR.svg|40px|]] [[Royal Order of the Sword]], Commander Grand Cross, ''15 February 1892'' ([[Sweden]])<ref>{{citation|title=Sveriges statskalender för Skottåret 1897 |year=1896|chapter-url=https://gupea.ub.gu.se/bitstream/2077/62244/1/gupea_2077_62244_1.pdf|chapter=Kongl. Svenska Riddare-Ordnarne|access-date=16 November 2020|page=416|language=sv|via=gupea.ub.gu.se|location=Stockholm}}</ref>
** [[Order of the Seraphim|Knight of the Seraphim]], ''12 May 1908''<ref>{{citation|title=Sveriges statskalender|year=1915|chapter=Kung. Svenska Riddareordnarna|chapter-url=http://runeberg.org/statskal/1915/0668.html|via=runeberg.org|access-date=8 November 2020|page=[http://runeberg.org/statskal/1915/0671.html 671]|language=sv}}</ref>
* {{flag|Principality of Montenegro}}: Grand Cross of the [[Order of Prince Danilo I]], ''1894''<ref name="dragomir"/>
*[[File:Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary - Ribbon bar Grand-Cross.svg|40px|]] [[Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary|Royal Hungarian Order of St. Stephen]], Grand Cross, ''1903'' ([[Austria-Hungary]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tornai.com/rendtagok.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101222022855/http://tornai.com/rendtagok.htm|url-status=dead|title="A Szent István Rend tagjai"|archive-date=22 December 2010}}</ref>
* {{flag|Denmark}}:<ref>{{cite book |year=1926 |orig-year=1st pub.:1801 |editor1-last=Bille-Hansen |editor1-first=A. C. |editor2-last=Holck |editor2-first=Harald |title=Statshaandbog for Kongeriget Danmark for Aaret 1926 |trans-title=State Manual of the Kingdom of Denmark for the Year 1926 |url=https://slaegtsbibliotek.dk/921895.pdf |format=PDF |series=Kongelig Dansk Hof- og Statskalender |language=da |location=Copenhagen |publisher=J.H. Schultz A.-S. Universitetsbogtrykkeri |pages=17, 20 |access-date=10 February 2021 |via=[[:da:DIS Danmark]]}}</ref>
*[[File:Order of the Seraphim - Ribbon bar.svg|40px|]] [[Royal Order of the Seraphim]], Knight, ''12 May 1908'' (Sweden)<ref>{{citation|title=Sveriges statskalender|year=1915|chapter=Kung. Svenska Riddareordnarna|chapter-url=http://runeberg.org/statskal/1915/0668.html|via=runeberg.org|access-date=8 November 2020|page=[http://runeberg.org/statskal/1915/0671.html 671]|language=sv}}</ref>
** [[Order of the Dannebrog|Grand Cross of the Dannebrog]], ''1 December 1894''
*[[File:UK Royal Victorian Order honorary member ribbon.svg|40px|]] [[Royal Victorian Order]], Honorary Knight Grand Cross, ''10 June 1908'' ([[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]])<ref name="LG-28148-4403">[https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/28148/page/4403 ''The London Gazette''], issue 28148, p. 4403</ref>
** [[Order of the Elephant|Knight of the Elephant]], ''16 July 1909''
⚫
* {{flag|Kingdom of Serbia}}:<ref name="dragomir">{{Cite book|last=Acović|first=Dragomir|title=Slava i čast: Odlikovanja među Srbima, Srbi među odlikovanjima|year=2012|location=Belgrade|publisher=Službeni Glasnik|pages=620}}</ref>
** [[Order of the Cross of Takovo|Grand Cross of the Cross of Takovo]], ''1895''
** [[Order of Karađorđe's Star|Grand Cross of the Star of Karađorđe]]
* {{flagicon|Austrian Empire}} {{flagicon|Kingdom of Hungary|1896}} [[Austria-Hungary]]:<ref>{{citation|chapter-url=https://alex.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/alex?aid=shb&datum=1918&page=424&size=45|chapter=Ritter-orden|title=Hof- und Staatshandbuch der Österreichisch-Ungarischen Monarchie|date=1918|location=Vienna|access-date=15 November 2021|pages=[https://alex.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/alex?aid=shb&datum=1918&page=429&size=45 55], [https://alex.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/alex?aid=shb&datum=1918&size=45&page=448 74], [https://alex.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/alex?aid=shb&datum=1918&size=45&page=507 133]}}</ref>
** [[Order of the Iron Crown (Austria)|Knight of the Iron Crown]], 1st Class, ''1895''
** Grand Cross of the Imperial [[Order of Leopold (Austria)|Order of Leopold]], ''1900''
** Grand Cross of the [[Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary|Royal Hungarian Order of St. Stephen]], ''1903''
* {{flagcountry|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland}}: Honorary Knight Commander of the [[Royal Victorian Order]], ''30 June 1896'';<ref name="p438">Shaw, Wm. A. (1906) ''The Knights of England'', '''I''', London, [https://archive.org/details/cu31924092537418/page/438/mode/2up p. 438]</ref> Honorary Knight Grand Cross, ''10 June 1908''<ref name="LG-28148-4403">[https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/28148/page/4403 ''The London Gazette''], issue 28148, p. 4403</ref>
* {{flagcountry|French Third Republic}}: Grand Cross of the [[Legion of Honour]], ''September 1897''<ref>{{cite book| author = M. & B. Wattel | title = Les Grand'Croix de la Légion d'honneur de 1805 à nos jours. Titulaires français et étrangers |location= Paris |date = 2009 |publisher= Archives & Culture | page = 518 | isbn = 978-2-35077-135-9}}</ref>
* {{flag|Baden}}: Knight of the [[House Order of Fidelity]], ''1899''<ref>{{citation|title=Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Baden|year=1910|chapter=Großherzogliche Orden|page=[https://digital.blb-karlsruhe.de/blbihd/periodical/pageview/1881290 42]|location=Karlsruhe|language=German}}</ref>
⚫
* {{flag|Kingdom of Prussia}}: [[Order of the Red Eagle|Grand Cross of the Red Eagle]], ''1899''; in Diamonds, ''21 September 1901''<ref>{{citation|title=Königlich Preussische Ordensliste (supp.)|volume=1|chapter-url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015025921423&view=1up&seq=5&skin=2021|page=[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015025921423&view=1up&seq=615&skin=2021 7]|lang=German|location=Berlin|publisher=Gedruckt in der Reichsdruckerei|year=1895|chapter=Rother Adler-orden|via=hathitrust.org}}</ref>
}}


== Cultural depictions ==
== Cultural depictions ==

He was portrayed in the 1971 film ''[[Nicholas and Alexandra]]'' by [[Jack Hawkins]]. In 1983, he was portrayed by [[Vsevolod Safonov]] in the 1983 film ''[[Anna Pavlova (film)|Anna Pavlova]]'' directed by [[Emil Loteanu]].
He was portrayed in the 1971 film ''[[Nicholas and Alexandra]]'' by [[Jack Hawkins]]. In 1983, he was portrayed by [[Vsevolod Safonov]] in the 1983 film ''[[Anna Pavlova (film)|Anna Pavlova]]'' directed by [[Emil Loteanu]].
He was also portrayed in 1997's [[Anastasia (1997 film)|Anastasia]] as Woldemar.
He was also portrayed in 1997's [[Anastasia (1997 film)|Anastasia]] as Woldemar.
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[[Category:Monarchists of the Russian Empire]]
[[Category:Monarchists of the Russian Empire]]
[[Category:White Russian emigrants to Finland]]
[[Category:White Russian emigrants to Finland]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of Saint Stanislaus (Russian), 1st class]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of St. Anna, 1st class]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of St. Vladimir, 1st class]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the White Eagle (Russia)]]
[[Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary]]
[[Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary]]
[[Category:Commanders Grand Cross of the Order of the Sword]]
[[Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of the Dannebrog]]
[[Category:Grand Croix of the Légion d'honneur]]
[[Category:Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order]]
[[Category:Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order]]
[[Category:Commanders Grand Cross of the Order of the Sword]]

Revision as of 12:12, 29 January 2022

Count
Woldemar Freedericksz
Minister of the Imperial Court
In office
18 May [O.S. 6] 1897 – 12 March [O.S. 28 February] 1917
MonarchNicholas II
Preceded byIllarion Vorontsov-Dashkov
Succeeded byPosition abolished
Personal details
Born28 November [O.S. 16] 1838
Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire
Died1 July 1927(1927-07-01) (aged 88)
Kauniainen, Finland
Resting placeKauniainen Cemetery
Military service
AllegianceRussian Empire
Branch/serviceRussian Imperial Army
Years of service1856–1917
RankGeneral of the Cavalry
Commands

Count Adolf Andreas Woldemar Freedericksz (Template:Lang-ru; 28 November [O.S. 16] 1838 – 1 July 1927) was a Finno-Russian statesman who served as Imperial Household Minister between 1897 and 1917 under Nicholas II. He was responsible for the administration of the Imperial family's personal affairs and living arrangements, as well as the awarding of Imperial honours and medals.

Biography

Family

Coat of arms of the Freedericksz family (ru) of 1798.

Adolf Andreas Woldemar Freedericksz was born on 28 November [O.S. 16] 1838 to Finnish Baron Bernhard (Boris Andreyevich) Freedericksz and Baltic German noblewoman Emma Matilda Helene (Emma Adolfovna) von Wulff and the family traditionally believed in Lutheran faith. There had been several stories dedicated to the family's origin. The first was that the family probably originated from Arkhangelsk. Jürgen Freedericksz, who was a Dutch merchant, was the first ever recorded ancestor of the family, and the family was recordedly formed by his son, Johan (Ivan Yuryevich) Freedericksz. The baronial title of the family was granted by Catherine the Great in 1773. The second version was that the family was formed by the son of Jöran Fredriksson, a Swedish soldier captured during The Great Northern War. In the late 18th century, the Freedericksz family dominated in the fiefs given to them in what was later to be known as Old Finland. In 1853, Woldemar's father Bernhard was naturalized into the Finnish House of Nobility as the baronial family number 36 under the name Freedricksz. Upon Woldemar Freedericksz's death in 1927 the Finnish baronial family was extinct in the male line, and was completely extinct by the time of the deaths of Woldemar's daughters Eugenie and Emma.[1] His Russian comital title was never accepted into the Finnish nobility. Woldemar himself married to Hedwig Johanna Alexandrina (Jadwiga Aloizievna) Boguszewska and had two daughters, Baronesses Eugenie Valeria Josefina (Evgenia-Valentina-Zhozefina Vladimirovna) and Emma Helena Sofia (Emma-Elena-Sofia Vladimirovna) Freedericksz.

Career

As the part of a wealthy family, Freedericksz received home education at an early age. Succeeding Count Vorontsov-Daskov at the Ministry at the age of 60, Freedericksz established a close relationship with the Tsar and the Tsaritsa, calling them 'mes enfants' in private. He was praised in this role by the French ambassador, Maurice Paléologue, who called him 'the very personification of court life'. However, in later life, he became forgetful and ill and often fell asleep during conferences. Freedericksz was a strong conservative who described the deputies of the First Duma as: "The Deputies, they give one the impression of a gang of criminals who are only waiting for the signal to throw themselves upon the ministers and cut their throats. I will never again set foot among those people."[2]

Later life

Freedericksz's grave in Kauniainen, Finland.

His private mansion in St. Petersburg was pillaged and set on fire on the first day of February Revolution. After the Revolution, Freedericksz lived in Petrograd before being allowed in 1925 to leave for Finland, where he spent the last years of his life.

Honours and awards

Russian orders and decorations

Medals

Foreign orders and decorations

Cultural depictions

He was portrayed in the 1971 film Nicholas and Alexandra by Jack Hawkins. In 1983, he was portrayed by Vsevolod Safonov in the 1983 film Anna Pavlova directed by Emil Loteanu. He was also portrayed in 1997's Anastasia as Woldemar.

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Vladimir Frederiks.
  1. ^ "Friherreliga ätten nr 36 † Freedricksz" (in Swedish). Finnish House of Nobility. Retrieved 2010-07-17.
  2. ^ Massie (1967) p. 242
  3. ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreich Württemberg (1896), "Königliche Orden" p. 98
  4. ^ "Kongl. Svenska Riddare-Ordnarne" (PDF), Sveriges statskalender för Skottåret 1897 (in Swedish), Stockholm, 1896, p. 416, retrieved 16 November 2020 – via gupea.ub.gu.se{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  5. ^ "Kung. Svenska Riddareordnarna", Sveriges statskalender (in Swedish), 1915, p. 671, retrieved 8 November 2020 – via runeberg.org
  6. ^ a b Acović, Dragomir (2012). Slava i čast: Odlikovanja među Srbima, Srbi među odlikovanjima. Belgrade: Službeni Glasnik. p. 620.
  7. ^ Bille-Hansen, A. C.; Holck, Harald, eds. (1926) [1st pub.:1801]. Statshaandbog for Kongeriget Danmark for Aaret 1926 [State Manual of the Kingdom of Denmark for the Year 1926] (PDF). Kongelig Dansk Hof- og Statskalender (in Danish). Copenhagen: J.H. Schultz A.-S. Universitetsbogtrykkeri. pp. 17, 20. Retrieved 10 February 2021 – via da:DIS Danmark.
  8. ^ "Ritter-orden", Hof- und Staatshandbuch der Österreichisch-Ungarischen Monarchie, Vienna, 1918, pp. 55, 74, 133, retrieved 15 November 2021{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  9. ^ Shaw, Wm. A. (1906) The Knights of England, I, London, p. 438
  10. ^ The London Gazette, issue 28148, p. 4403
  11. ^ M. & B. Wattel (2009). Les Grand'Croix de la Légion d'honneur de 1805 à nos jours. Titulaires français et étrangers. Paris: Archives & Culture. p. 518. ISBN 978-2-35077-135-9.
  12. ^ "Großherzogliche Orden", Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Baden (in German), Karlsruhe, 1910, p. 42{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  13. ^ "Rother Adler-orden", Königlich Preussische Ordensliste (supp.) (in German), vol. 1, Berlin: Gedruckt in der Reichsdruckerei, 1895, p. 7 – via hathitrust.org

Sources

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