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| children = 4
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| alma_mater = [[École Centrale Paris]]<br />[[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]]
| alma_mater = [[École Centrale Paris]]<br />[[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]]
| website = {{url|http://clotildearmand.ro|Official website}}
| website = {{url|http://clotildearmand.ro}}
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'''Clotilde Marie Brigitte Armand''' (born 28 June 1973) is a [[France|French]]-born [[Romania]]n politician and businesswoman, Mayor of Bucharest's [[Sector 1 (Bucharest)|Sector 1]] since October 2020.
'''Clotilde Marie Brigitte Armand''' (born 28 June 1973) is a [[France|French]]-born [[Romania]]n politician and businesswoman. Since October 2020, she is Mayor of Bucharest's [[Sector 1 (Bucharest)|Sector 1]].


Armand first ran for Mayor of Sector 1 in the [[2016 Romanian local elections]] on behalf of [[Save Romania Union|Save Bucharest Union]] (USB), a local party she had co-founded in 2015, eventually losing narrowly after having been announced as winner by the exit polls. From July 2019 until November 2020 she was a [[Member of the European Parliament]].
Armand first ran for Mayor of Sector 1 in the [[2016 Romanian local elections]] on behalf of [[Save Romania Union|Save Bucharest Union]] (USB), a local party she had co-founded in 2015, eventually losing narrowly after having been announced as winner by the exit polls. From July 2019 until November 2020 she was a [[Member of the European Parliament]].


== Early life and education==
==Early life and education==
Clotilde Marie Brigitte Armand<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=http://www.digi24.ro/Stiri/Digi24/Actualitate/Alegeri+locale+2016/Cine+este+Clotilde+frantuzoaica+in+fata+careia+au+tremurat+PSD+s|title=Cine este Clotilde, franţuzoaica de la Sectorul 1 în faţa căreia au tremurat PSD şi PNL|website=[[Digi24]]|access-date=2016-06-16}}</ref> was born in [[Pointe-à-Pitre]], France, where her father was undergoing alternative [[military service]] as a mathematics teacher.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=http://www.lemonde.fr/m-actu/article/2016/06/07/clotilde-armand-la-francaise-qui-veut-changer-la-classe-politique-roumaine_4941069_4497186.html|title=Clotilde Armand, la Française qui veut changer la classe politique roumaine|last=Bran|first=Mirel|date=2016-06-07|newspaper=[[Le Monde]]|language=fr|issn=1950-6244|access-date=2016-06-15}}</ref> Her family was from [[Vichy]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.zf.ro/eveniment/cine-este-clotilde-armand-cea-mai-mare-surpriza-din-istoria-alegerilor-din-bucuresti-o-frantuzoaica-matura-psd-si-pnl-in-capitala-15435005|title=Cine este Clotilde Armand, cea mai mare surpriză din istoria alegerilor din București. O franţuzoaică mătură PSD şi PNL în Capitală {{!}} Ziarul Financiar|website=[[Ziarul Financiar]]|access-date=2016-06-17}}</ref> where she also attended primary and secondary school. She studied at the [[École Centrale Paris]] and then the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]], where she met her future husband, Sergiu Moroianu,<ref name=":1" /> a Romanian mathematician.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=http://www.la-croix.com/Monde/Europe/Une-Francaise-candidate-locale-a-Bucarest-2016-06-03-1200766089|title=Une Française candidate locale à Bucarest|website=[[La Croix]]|access-date=2016-06-15}}</ref> She married Moroianu in 1997 and moved to Bucharest in 1999.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lamontagne.fr/auvergne/actualite/2016/05/24/une-vichyssoise-candidate-aux-elections-municipales-de-bucarest_11925768.html|title=Une Vichyssoise candidate aux élections municipales de Bucarest|website=[[La Montagne (newspaper)|La Montagne]]|access-date=2016-06-15}}</ref> In the following years, she lived some years in France and Germany, before settling in Bucharest again in 2003.<ref name=":4" />
Clotilde Marie Brigitte Armand<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=http://www.digi24.ro/Stiri/Digi24/Actualitate/Alegeri+locale+2016/Cine+este+Clotilde+frantuzoaica+in+fata+careia+au+tremurat+PSD+s|title=Cine este Clotilde, franţuzoaica de la Sectorul 1 în faţa căreia au tremurat PSD şi PNL|website=[[Digi24]]|access-date=2016-06-16}}</ref> was born in [[Pointe-à-Pitre]], France, where her father was undergoing alternative [[military service]] as a mathematics teacher.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=http://www.lemonde.fr/m-actu/article/2016/06/07/clotilde-armand-la-francaise-qui-veut-changer-la-classe-politique-roumaine_4941069_4497186.html|title=Clotilde Armand, la Française qui veut changer la classe politique roumaine|last=Bran|first=Mirel|date=2016-06-07|newspaper=[[Le Monde]]|language=fr|issn=1950-6244|access-date=2016-06-15}}</ref> Her family was from [[Vichy]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.zf.ro/eveniment/cine-este-clotilde-armand-cea-mai-mare-surpriza-din-istoria-alegerilor-din-bucuresti-o-frantuzoaica-matura-psd-si-pnl-in-capitala-15435005|title=Cine este Clotilde Armand, cea mai mare surpriză din istoria alegerilor din București. O franțuzoaică mătură PSD și PNL în Capitală|website=[[Ziarul Financiar]]|access-date=2016-06-17}}</ref> where she also attended primary and secondary school. She studied at the [[École Centrale Paris]] and then the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]], where she met her future husband, Sergiu Moroianu,<ref name=":1" /> a Romanian mathematician.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=http://www.la-croix.com/Monde/Europe/Une-Francaise-candidate-locale-a-Bucarest-2016-06-03-1200766089|title=Une Française candidate locale à Bucarest|website=[[La Croix]]|access-date=2016-06-15}}</ref> She married Moroianu in 1997 and moved to Bucharest in 1999.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lamontagne.fr/auvergne/actualite/2016/05/24/une-vichyssoise-candidate-aux-elections-municipales-de-bucarest_11925768.html|title=Une Vichyssoise candidate aux élections municipales de Bucarest|website=[[La Montagne (newspaper)|La Montagne]]|access-date=2016-06-15}}</ref> In the following years, she lived some years in France and Germany, before settling in Bucharest again in 2003.<ref name=":4" />


==Career==
==Career==
In 2002, Armand worked for [[Airbus]] in France and Germany, managing part of the [[Airbus A380|A380]]<ref name=":3" /> project management team.<ref name=":1" /> In 2005, she became IT Director of [[Distrigaz Sud]], the Romanian branch of gas distribution giant [[GDF Suez]], later moving to Paris as Innovation Director for [[Engie Energy International|GDF Suez Europe]].<ref name=":1" /> Between September 2013 and March 2017, Armand was the head of the Romanian and Bulgarian branches of French engineering company [[Egis Group|Egis]].<ref name=":3" />
In 2002, Armand worked for [[Airbus]] in France and Germany, managing part of the [[Airbus A380|A380]]<ref name=":3" /> project management team.<ref name=":1" /> In 2005, she became IT Director of [[Distrigaz Sud]], the Romanian branch of gas distribution giant [[GDF Suez]], later moving to Paris as Innovation Director for [[Engie Energy International|GDF Suez Europe]].<ref name=":1" /> Between September 2013 and March 2017, Armand was the head of the Romanian and Bulgarian branches of French engineering company [[Egis Group|Egis]].<ref name=":3" />


She acquired Romanian citizenship in 2015.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.euronews.com/2016/06/08/clotilde-armand-the-frenchwoman-who-wants-to-change-the-face-of-politics-in/|title=Clotilde Armand – the Frenchwoman trying to change Romanian politics|date=2016-06-08|website=[[euronews]]|access-date=2016-06-15}}</ref>
She acquired Romanian citizenship in 2015.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.euronews.com/2016/06/08/clotilde-armand-the-frenchwoman-who-wants-to-change-the-face-of-politics-in/|title=Clotilde Armand – the Frenchwoman trying to change Romanian politics|date=2016-06-08|publisher=[[Euronews]]|access-date=2016-06-15}}</ref>


== Political career ==
==Political career==
=== 2016 local elections ===
===2016 local elections===
[[Nicușor Dan]], a political activist and friend of Armand's husband, founded a new party called Save Bucharest Union.<ref name=":0" /> Armand was chosen by the party to be their mayoral candidate for Bucharest's Sector 1 and began organizing her campaign only six weeks before the deadline.<ref name=":0" /> Her campaign was based on anti-corruption and against politics as usual, arguing that "the political class has been separated from the true will of the people".<ref name=":0" />
[[Nicușor Dan]], a political activist and friend of Armand's husband, founded a new party called Save Bucharest Union.<ref name=":0" /> Armand was chosen by the party to be their mayoral candidate for Bucharest's Sector 1 and began organizing her campaign only six weeks before the deadline.<ref name=":0" /> Her campaign was based on anti-corruption and against politics as usual, arguing that "the political class has been separated from the true will of the people".<ref name=":0" />


She promised better management of public services,<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.balkaninsight.com/en/article/french-expat-eyes-mayor-s-post-in-bucharest-s-district-05-05-2016|title=Frenchwoman Runs for Mayor in Bucharest District :: Balkan Insight|website=[[Balkan Insight]]|access-date=2016-06-15}}</ref> following the [[urban design]] model of Paris (replacing the car-centered model with a [[public transport]] model) and building an [[esplanade]] surrounding the lakes in the northern part of the sector.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rfi.ro/politica-85956-clotilde-armand-candidata-franceza-care-vrea-sa-fie-primar-atuul-bucurestiului-sunt|title=Clotilde Armand, candidata franceză care vrea să fie primar: Atuul Bucureștiului sunt oamenii care vor să schimbe ceva|date=2016-04-01|website=RFI România|access-date=2016-06-17}}</ref>
She promised better management of public services,<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.balkaninsight.com/en/article/french-expat-eyes-mayor-s-post-in-bucharest-s-district-05-05-2016|title=Frenchwoman Runs for Mayor in Bucharest District|publisher=[[Balkan Insight]]|access-date=2016-06-15}}</ref> following the [[urban design]] model of Paris (replacing the car-centered model with a [[public transport]] model) and building an [[esplanade]] surrounding the lakes in the northern part of the sector.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rfi.ro/politica-85956-clotilde-armand-candidata-franceza-care-vrea-sa-fie-primar-atuul-bucurestiului-sunt|title=Clotilde Armand, candidata franceză care vrea să fie primar: Atuul Bucureștiului sunt oamenii care vor să schimbe ceva|date=2016-04-01|publisher=[[RFI România]]|access-date=2016-06-17}}</ref>


Although exit polls and early results indicated she was the winner, the final results showed that she lost to [[Social Democratic Party (Romania)|Social Democratic Party]]'s [[Dan Tudorache]], who received 23,220 votes (31,07%), while Armand received only 21,504 votes (28,77%).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mediafax.ro/politic/rezultate-finale-alegeri-locale-2016-gabriela-firea-a-castigat-bucurestiul-cu-246-553-de-voturi-nicusor-dan-a-primit-175-119-voturi-15468301|title=REZULTATE FINALE ALEGERI LOCALE 2016: Gabriela Firea a câştigat Bucureştiul cu 246.553 de voturi. Nicuşor Dan a primit 175.119 voturi|website=[[Mediafax]]|access-date=2016-06-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mediafax.ro/politic/clotilde-armand-despre-respingerea-renumararii-voturilor-e-un-abuz-complet-15449601|title=Clotilde Armand despre respingerea renumărării voturilor: E un abuz complet|website=[[Mediafax]]|access-date=2016-06-17}}</ref>
Although exit polls and early results indicated she was the winner, the final results showed that she lost to [[Social Democratic Party (Romania)|Social Democratic Party]]'s [[Dan Tudorache]], who received 23,220 votes (31,07%), while Armand received only 21,504 votes (28,77%).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mediafax.ro/politic/rezultate-finale-alegeri-locale-2016-gabriela-firea-a-castigat-bucurestiul-cu-246-553-de-voturi-nicusor-dan-a-primit-175-119-voturi-15468301|title=Rezultate finale alegeri locale 2016: Gabriela Firea a câștigat Bucureștiul cu 246.553 de voturi. Nicușor Dan a primit 175.119 voturi|publisher=[[Mediafax]]|access-date=2016-06-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mediafax.ro/politic/clotilde-armand-despre-respingerea-renumararii-voturilor-e-un-abuz-complet-15449601|title=Clotilde Armand despre respingerea renumărării voturilor: E un abuz complet|publisher=[[Mediafax]]|access-date=2016-06-17}}</ref>


Nicușor Dan, the president of SBU noted some statistical discrepancies: in the precincts where the party had observers, Armand won by a slim margin, whereas in the precincts where it did not have observers, Armand lost.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.agerpres.ro/politica/2016/06/06/usb-depune-o-cerere-pentru-renumararea-voturilor-in-cinci-zece-sectii-din-sectorul-1-22-33-24|title=USB depune o cerere pentru renumărarea voturilor în cinci-zece secții din Sectorul 1 – AGERPRES|website=[[Agerpres]]|access-date=2016-06-16}}</ref> Also, the number of canceled votes was substantially higher in those precincts and there were discrepancies between the number of ballots given to each precinct and returned.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.digi24.ro/Stiri/Digi24/Actualitate/Alegeri+locale+2016/Clotilde+Armand+publica+pe+Facebook+discrepantele+din+listele+pu|title=Clotilde Armand publică pe Facebook discrepanțele din listele publicate de BEC, semnalate de un susținător USB|website=[[Digi24]]|access-date=2016-06-16}}</ref> A member of the Electoral Bureau told the press that the reason of the discrepancies was that electoral precinct presidents were "idiots" who filled in wrongly the forms.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gandul.info/politica/bec-s-a-incurcat-in-excel-cum-s-au-ratacit-250-000-de-buletine-de-vot-sunt-tampiti-15453267|title=BEC s-a încurcat în Excel. Cum s-au rătăcit 250.000 de buletine de vot. "Sunt tâmpiţi!"|website=[[Gândul]]|language=ro-RO|access-date=2016-06-16}}</ref>
Nicușor Dan, the president of SBU noted some statistical discrepancies: in the precincts where the party had observers, Armand won by a slim margin, whereas in the precincts where it did not have observers, Armand lost.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.agerpres.ro/politica/2016/06/06/usb-depune-o-cerere-pentru-renumararea-voturilor-in-cinci-zece-sectii-din-sectorul-1-22-33-24|title=USB depune o cerere pentru renumărarea voturilor în cinci-zece secții din Sectorul 1| publisher=[[Agerpres]]|access-date=2016-06-16}}</ref> Also, the number of canceled votes was substantially higher in those precincts and there were discrepancies between the number of ballots given to each precinct and returned.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.digi24.ro/Stiri/Digi24/Actualitate/Alegeri+locale+2016/Clotilde+Armand+publica+pe+Facebook+discrepantele+din+listele+pu|title=Clotilde Armand publică pe Facebook discrepanțele din listele publicate de BEC, semnalate de un susținător USB|publisher=[[Digi24]]|access-date=2016-06-16}}</ref> A member of the Electoral Bureau told the press that the reason of the discrepancies was that electoral precinct presidents were "idiots" who filled in wrongly the forms.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gandul.info/politica/bec-s-a-incurcat-in-excel-cum-s-au-ratacit-250-000-de-buletine-de-vot-sunt-tampiti-15453267|title=BEC s-a încurcat în Excel. Cum s-au rătăcit 250.000 de buletine de vot. "Sunt tâmpiți!"|newspaper=[[Gândul]]|lang=ro|access-date=2016-06-16}}</ref>


While not accusing anyone of vote fraud, Armand asked for a recount in 18 precincts.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.digi24.ro/Stiri/Digi24/Actualitate/Politica/Clotilde+Armand+explica+de+ce+a+cerut+renumararea+voturilor+Din+|title=Clotilde Armand explică de ce a cerut renumărarea voturilor: Din respect pentru alegători|website=[[Digi24]]|access-date=2016-06-16}}</ref> The Sector 1 Electoral Constituency Bureau refused the recount, arguing that the "lack of diligence" of her party (for not being represented in all precincts) was not the fault of the Electoral Bureau.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.digi24.ro/Stiri/Digi24/Actualitate/Alegeri+locale+2016/DOCUMENT+Motivele+pentru+care+a+fost+respinsa+cererea+USB+de+ren|title=DOCUMENT. Motivele pentru care a fost respinsă cererea USB de renumărare a voturilor|website=[[Digi24]]|access-date=2016-06-16}}</ref> Around 500 supporters of Armand organized a protest in [[University Square, Bucharest|University Square]], demanding a recount.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mediafax.ro/politic/reportaj-protest-pentru-clotilde-armand-suntem-aici-pentru-democratie-pentru-transparenta-este-o-lupta-pe-care-o-avem-in-comun-gabriel-liiceanu-ideea-ca-se-aleg-ei-intre-ei-folosindu-ne-intolerabila-15471564|title=REPORTAJ – Protest pentru Clotilde Armand: Suntem aici pentru democraţie, pentru transparenţă. Este o luptă pe care o avem în comun. Gabriel Liiceanu: Ideea că se aleg ei între ei folosindu-ne, intolerabilă|website=[[Mediafax]]|access-date=2016-06-16}}</ref>
While not accusing anyone of vote fraud, Armand asked for a recount in 18 precincts.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.digi24.ro/Stiri/Digi24/Actualitate/Politica/Clotilde+Armand+explica+de+ce+a+cerut+renumararea+voturilor+Din+|title=Clotilde Armand explică de ce a cerut renumărarea voturilor: Din respect pentru alegători|publisher=[[Digi24]]|access-date=2016-06-16}}</ref> The Sector 1 Electoral Constituency Bureau refused the recount, arguing that the "lack of diligence" of her party (for not being represented in all precincts) was not the fault of the Electoral Bureau.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.digi24.ro/Stiri/Digi24/Actualitate/Alegeri+locale+2016/DOCUMENT+Motivele+pentru+care+a+fost+respinsa+cererea+USB+de+ren|title=Motivele pentru care a fost respinsă cererea USB de renumărare a voturilor|publisher=[[Digi24]]|access-date=2016-06-16}}</ref> Around 500 supporters of Armand organized a protest in [[University Square, Bucharest|University Square]], demanding a recount.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mediafax.ro/politic/reportaj-protest-pentru-clotilde-armand-suntem-aici-pentru-democratie-pentru-transparenta-este-o-lupta-pe-care-o-avem-in-comun-gabriel-liiceanu-ideea-ca-se-aleg-ei-intre-ei-folosindu-ne-intolerabila-15471564|title=Protest pentru Clotilde Armand: Suntem aici pentru democraţie, pentru transparență. Este o luptă pe care o avem în comun. Gabriel Liiceanu: Ideea că se aleg ei între ei folosindu-ne, intolerabilă|publisher=[[Mediafax]]|access-date=2016-06-16}}</ref>


Armand had also sent an objection of unconstitutionality, arguing that the [[plurality voting system]] is flawed because in her the mayor was elected by only 10% of the constituents.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.digi24.ro/Stiri/Digi24/Actualitate/Politica/Clotilde+Armand+a+depus+o+contestatie+la+Biroul+Electoral+al+Sec|title=Clotilde Armand a depus o contestație la Biroul Electoral al Sectorului 1|website=[[Digi24]]|access-date=2016-06-16}}</ref> The objection has been accepted and forwarded to the [[Constitutional Court of Romania|Constitutional Court]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hotnews.ro/stiri-politic-21080702-contestatia-lui-clotilde-armand-privind-alegerea-primarilor-intr-tur-ajunge-ccr.htm|title=Contestatia lui Clotilde Armand privind alegerea primarilor intr-un tur va ajunge la CCR|website=[[HotNews]]|access-date=2016-06-16}}</ref>
Armand had also sent an objection of unconstitutionality, arguing that the [[plurality voting system]] is flawed because in her the mayor was elected by only 10% of the constituents.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.digi24.ro/Stiri/Digi24/Actualitate/Politica/Clotilde+Armand+a+depus+o+contestatie+la+Biroul+Electoral+al+Sec|title=Clotilde Armand a depus o contestație la Biroul Electoral al Sectorului 1|publisher=[[Digi24]]|access-date=2016-06-16}}</ref> The objection has been accepted and forwarded to the [[Constitutional Court of Romania|Constitutional Court]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hotnews.ro/stiri-politic-21080702-contestatia-lui-clotilde-armand-privind-alegerea-primarilor-intr-tur-ajunge-ccr.htm|title=Contestatia lui Clotilde Armand privind alegerea primarilor intr-un tur va ajunge la CCR|publisher=[[HotNews]]|access-date=2016-06-16}}</ref>


She was on both the Save Bucharest Union's lists for the Bucharest and Sector 1 councilors and, after the elections, she chose to be a Sector 1 councilor.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.digi24.ro/Stiri/Digi24/Actualitate/Politica/Clotilde+Armand+a+ales+sa+fie+consilier+in+Sectorul+1+in+detrime|title=Clotilde Armand a ales să fie consilier în Sectorul 1 în detrimentul Consiliului General|website=[[Digi24]]|access-date=2016-06-16}}</ref>
She was on both the Save Bucharest Union's lists for the Bucharest and Sector 1 councilors and, after the elections, she chose to be a Sector 1 councilor.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.digi24.ro/Stiri/Digi24/Actualitate/Politica/Clotilde+Armand+a+ales+sa+fie+consilier+in+Sectorul+1+in+detrime|title=Clotilde Armand a ales să fie consilier în Sectorul 1 în detrimentul Consiliului General|publisher=[[Digi24]]|access-date=2016-06-16}}</ref>


=== Member of the European Parliament, 2019–2020 ===
===Member of the European Parliament, 2019–2020===
In the [[2019 European Parliament election|2019 European elections]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Vote count for EP elections, close to the finish line. How the distribution of MEP seats looks like?|url=https://www.romaniajournal.ro/politics/vote-count-for-ep-elections-close-to-the-finish-line-how-the-distribution-of-mep-seats-looks-like/|access-date=2021-07-21|website=The Romania Journal|language=en-GB}}</ref> Armand was fourth on the [[2020 USR-PLUS Alliance|USR-PLUS]] list (first woman) and she won an MP seat. Armand is one of only two women among the eight MP elected on the USR-PLUS list. She served on the [[Committee on Budgets]].
In the [[2019 European Parliament election|2019 European elections]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Vote count for EP elections, close to the finish line. How the distribution of MEP seats looks like?|url=https://www.romaniajournal.ro/politics/vote-count-for-ep-elections-close-to-the-finish-line-how-the-distribution-of-mep-seats-looks-like/|access-date=2021-07-21|publisher=The Romania Journal|language=en-GB}}</ref> Armand was fourth on the [[2020 USR-PLUS Alliance|USR-PLUS]] list (first woman) and she won an MP seat. Armand is one of only two women among the eight MP elected on the USR-PLUS list. She served on the [[Committee on Budgets]].


In addition to her committee assignments, Armand was part of the [[MEPs Against Cancer]] group.<ref>[https://www.europeancancerleagues.org/meps-against-cancer-about-meps-against-cancer-2/ MAC MEPs in the 2019-24 legislature] [[MEPs Against Cancer]].</ref>
In addition to her committee assignments, Armand was part of the [[MEPs Against Cancer]] group.<ref>[https://www.europeancancerleagues.org/meps-against-cancer-about-meps-against-cancer-2/ MAC MEPs in the 2019-24 legislature] [[MEPs Against Cancer]].</ref>


== Controversy ==
==Controversy==
Immediately after entering politics in 2016, Armand was accused that, in her capacity of director of Egis Romania, she personally profited from a motorway building contract gone awry between the Romanian state company CNAIR and [[Bechtel Corporation]]. Armand denies vigorously any involvement in the Bechtel affair.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Primim de la Clotilde Armand|url=https://www.romaniacurata.ro/primim-clotilde-armand/|access-date=2021-07-21|website=România curată|language=ro-RO}}</ref> She responded that she started working for Egis only in September 2013, months after CNAIR's contract with Bechtel ended (in March 2013); that Egis verified the quality of the works of Bechtel, was not bound by contractual links to Bechtel, and defended the interests of its client CNAIR;<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.digi24.ro/Stiri/Digi24/Actualitate/Stiri/Clotilde+Armand+regreta+contractul+cu+Bechtel|title=Clotilde Armand regretă contractul cu Bechtel|website=[[Digi24]]|access-date=2016-06-17}}</ref> that moreover she was not a stakeholder in Egis.<ref>https://www.facebook.com/notes/clotilde-armand/poziția-mea-privind-contractul-bechtel/1044145962328125/</ref> In spite of her explanations, Armand is frequently depicted in some media venues as having "cashed 50M dollars from Bechtel".{{citation needed|date=December 2021}}
Immediately after entering politics in 2016, Armand was accused that, in her capacity of director of Egis Romania, she personally profited from a motorway building contract gone awry between the Romanian state company CNAIR and [[Bechtel Corporation]]. Armand denies vigorously any involvement in the Bechtel affair.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Primim de la Clotilde Armand|url=https://www.romaniacurata.ro/primim-clotilde-armand/|access-date=2021-07-21|website=România curată|language=ro-RO}}</ref> She responded that she started working for Egis only in September 2013, months after CNAIR's contract with Bechtel ended (in March 2013); that Egis verified the quality of the works of Bechtel, was not bound by contractual links to Bechtel, and defended the interests of its client CNAIR;<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.digi24.ro/Stiri/Digi24/Actualitate/Stiri/Clotilde+Armand+regreta+contractul+cu+Bechtel|title=Clotilde Armand regretă contractul cu Bechtel|publisher=[[Digi24]]|access-date=2016-06-17}}</ref> that moreover she was not a stakeholder in Egis.<ref>https://www.facebook.com/notes/clotilde-armand/poziția-mea-privind-contractul-bechtel/1044145962328125/</ref> In spite of her explanations, Armand is frequently depicted in some media venues as having "cashed 50 million dollars from Bechtel".{{citation needed|date=December 2021}}


== Political positions ==
==Political positions==
Armand argues that Romania needs a change of the political class.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gandul.info/eu-primar/clotilde-armand-ce-ma-deranjeaza-la-romani-e-resemnarea-trebuie-sa-se-implice-sa-schimbe-lucrurile-15330781|title=Clotilde Armand: "Ce mă deranjează la români e resemnarea. Trebuie să se implice, să schimbe lucrurile"|website=[[Gândul]]|language=ro-RO|access-date=2016-06-18}}</ref> She wrote an [[open letter]] to President [[Klaus Iohannis]] in which she asked the two main parties of Romania (the Social Democratic Party and the [[National Liberal Party (Romania)|National Liberal Party]], both of which have roots in the [[National Salvation Front (Romania)|National Salvation Front]]) to apologize for their involvement in the [[June 1990 Mineriad]] and to remove former president [[Ion Iliescu]] and former Prime Minister [[Petre Roman]] from public life.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://adevarul.ro/news/politica/clotilde-armand-scrisoare-deschisa-iohannis-cereti-public-pnl-psd-sa-si-ceara-scuze-mineriada-sa-i-scoata-viata-publica-iliescu-roman-1_5761078c5ab6550cb8f7040e/index.html|title=Clotilde Armand, scrisoare deschisă către Iohannis: Cereţi public PNL şi PSD să-şi ceară scuze pentru Mineriadă. Să-i scoată din viaţa publică pe Iliescu şi Roman|website=[[Adevărul]]|access-date=2016-06-18}}</ref>
Armand argues that Romania needs a change of the political class.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gandul.info/eu-primar/clotilde-armand-ce-ma-deranjeaza-la-romani-e-resemnarea-trebuie-sa-se-implice-sa-schimbe-lucrurile-15330781|title=Clotilde Armand: "Ce mă deranjează la români e resemnarea. Trebuie să se implice, să schimbe lucrurile"|newspaper=[[Gândul]]|language=ro-RO|access-date=2016-06-18}}</ref> She wrote an [[open letter]] to President [[Klaus Iohannis]] in which she asked the two main parties of Romania (the Social Democratic Party and the [[National Liberal Party (Romania)|National Liberal Party]], both of which have roots in the [[National Salvation Front (Romania)|National Salvation Front]]) to apologize for their involvement in the [[June 1990 Mineriad]] and to remove former president [[Ion Iliescu]] and former Prime Minister [[Petre Roman]] from public life.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://adevarul.ro/news/politica/clotilde-armand-scrisoare-deschisa-iohannis-cereti-public-pnl-psd-sa-si-ceara-scuze-mineriada-sa-i-scoata-viata-publica-iliescu-roman-1_5761078c5ab6550cb8f7040e/index.html|title=Clotilde Armand, scrisoare deschisă către Iohannis: Cereți public PNL și PSD să-și ceară scuze pentru Mineriadă. Să-i scoată din viața publică pe Iliescu și Roman|newspaper=[[Adevărul]]|access-date=2016-06-18}}</ref>


Armand says she does not believe in the [[left–right politics]] paradigm, arguing that, in Romania, the money wasted due to corruption is far higher than the differences between standard left and right policies.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hotnews.ro/stiri-politic-21073961-cine-este-cum-gandeste-ambitii-politice-are-clotilde-armand-dupa-candidatura-primarie-vad-lider-partid-nu-stiu-obiectivul-meu-este-pun-dispozitia-romanilor-competentele-mele.htm|title=VIDEO Cine este, cum gandeste si ce ambitii politice are Clotilde Armand dupa candidatura la primarie: Da, ma vad lider de partid, nu stiu/ Obiectivul meu este sa pun la dispozitia romanilor competentele mele|website=[[HotNews]]|access-date=2016-06-18}}</ref> Nevertheless, she considers herself, within the French political context, a person that is naturally right-wing, but that Romania currently has many people who need the help of the state and that these people, who did not adapt to the changes and are no longer useful to society, should be re-integrated.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hotnews.ro/stiri-alegeri_locale_2016_bucuresti-20960118-video-interviu-armand-clotilde-candidat-usb-primaria-sector-1-sunt-dreapta-dar-este-realitate-romania-sunt-oameni-care-nevoie-ajutorul-statului-politica-dam-locuinta-sociala.htm|title=VIDEO-INTERVIU Armand Clotilde, candidat USB la Primaria sector 1: Sunt de dreapta, dar este o realitate ca in Romania sunt oameni care au nevoie de ajutorul statului. Politica ar fi sa le dam o locuinta sociala|website=[[HotNews]]|access-date=2016-06-18}}</ref>
Armand says she does not believe in the [[left–right politics]] paradigm, arguing that, in Romania, the money wasted due to corruption is far higher than the differences between standard left and right policies.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hotnews.ro/stiri-politic-21073961-cine-este-cum-gandeste-ambitii-politice-are-clotilde-armand-dupa-candidatura-primarie-vad-lider-partid-nu-stiu-obiectivul-meu-este-pun-dispozitia-romanilor-competentele-mele.htm|title=Cine este, cum gândeste și ce ambiții politice are Clotilde Armand după candidatura la primărie: Da, mă văd lider de partid, nu știu/ Obiectivul meu este să pun la dispoziția românilor competențele mele|publisher=[[HotNews]]|access-date=2016-06-18}}</ref> Nevertheless, she considers herself, within the French political context, a person that is naturally right-wing, but that Romania currently has many people who need the help of the state and that these people, who did not adapt to the changes and are no longer useful to society, should be re-integrated.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hotnews.ro/stiri-alegeri_locale_2016_bucuresti-20960118-video-interviu-armand-clotilde-candidat-usb-primaria-sector-1-sunt-dreapta-dar-este-realitate-romania-sunt-oameni-care-nevoie-ajutorul-statului-politica-dam-locuinta-sociala.htm|title=Armand Clotilde, candidat USB la Primăria sector 1: Sunt de dreapta, dar este o realitate că în Romania sunt oameni care au nevoie de ajutorul statului. Politica ar fi să le dăm o locuința socială|publisher=[[HotNews]]|access-date=2016-06-18}}</ref>


==Electoral history==
==Electoral history==

Revision as of 01:50, 19 December 2021

Clotilde Armand
Member of the European Parliament for Romania
In office
2 July 2019 – 27 October 2020
Mayor of Sector 1
Incumbent
Assumed office
27 October 2020
Preceded byDaniel Tudorache
Personal details
Born
Clotilde Armand

(1973-06-28) 28 June 1973 (age 51)
Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
Political partySave Romania Union (USR)
SpouseSergiu Moroianu
Children4
Alma materÉcole Centrale Paris
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Websiteclotildearmand.ro

Clotilde Marie Brigitte Armand (born 28 June 1973) is a French-born Romanian politician and businesswoman. Since October 2020, she is Mayor of Bucharest's Sector 1.

Armand first ran for Mayor of Sector 1 in the 2016 Romanian local elections on behalf of Save Bucharest Union (USB), a local party she had co-founded in 2015, eventually losing narrowly after having been announced as winner by the exit polls. From July 2019 until November 2020 she was a Member of the European Parliament.

Early life and education

Clotilde Marie Brigitte Armand[1] was born in Pointe-à-Pitre, France, where her father was undergoing alternative military service as a mathematics teacher.[2] Her family was from Vichy,[3] where she also attended primary and secondary school. She studied at the École Centrale Paris and then the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where she met her future husband, Sergiu Moroianu,[2] a Romanian mathematician.[4] She married Moroianu in 1997 and moved to Bucharest in 1999.[5] In the following years, she lived some years in France and Germany, before settling in Bucharest again in 2003.[1]

Career

In 2002, Armand worked for Airbus in France and Germany, managing part of the A380[4] project management team.[2] In 2005, she became IT Director of Distrigaz Sud, the Romanian branch of gas distribution giant GDF Suez, later moving to Paris as Innovation Director for GDF Suez Europe.[2] Between September 2013 and March 2017, Armand was the head of the Romanian and Bulgarian branches of French engineering company Egis.[4]

She acquired Romanian citizenship in 2015.[6]

Political career

2016 local elections

Nicușor Dan, a political activist and friend of Armand's husband, founded a new party called Save Bucharest Union.[6] Armand was chosen by the party to be their mayoral candidate for Bucharest's Sector 1 and began organizing her campaign only six weeks before the deadline.[6] Her campaign was based on anti-corruption and against politics as usual, arguing that "the political class has been separated from the true will of the people".[6]

She promised better management of public services,[7] following the urban design model of Paris (replacing the car-centered model with a public transport model) and building an esplanade surrounding the lakes in the northern part of the sector.[8]

Although exit polls and early results indicated she was the winner, the final results showed that she lost to Social Democratic Party's Dan Tudorache, who received 23,220 votes (31,07%), while Armand received only 21,504 votes (28,77%).[9][10]

Nicușor Dan, the president of SBU noted some statistical discrepancies: in the precincts where the party had observers, Armand won by a slim margin, whereas in the precincts where it did not have observers, Armand lost.[11] Also, the number of canceled votes was substantially higher in those precincts and there were discrepancies between the number of ballots given to each precinct and returned.[12] A member of the Electoral Bureau told the press that the reason of the discrepancies was that electoral precinct presidents were "idiots" who filled in wrongly the forms.[13]

While not accusing anyone of vote fraud, Armand asked for a recount in 18 precincts.[14] The Sector 1 Electoral Constituency Bureau refused the recount, arguing that the "lack of diligence" of her party (for not being represented in all precincts) was not the fault of the Electoral Bureau.[15] Around 500 supporters of Armand organized a protest in University Square, demanding a recount.[16]

Armand had also sent an objection of unconstitutionality, arguing that the plurality voting system is flawed because in her the mayor was elected by only 10% of the constituents.[17] The objection has been accepted and forwarded to the Constitutional Court.[18]

She was on both the Save Bucharest Union's lists for the Bucharest and Sector 1 councilors and, after the elections, she chose to be a Sector 1 councilor.[19]

Member of the European Parliament, 2019–2020

In the 2019 European elections,[20] Armand was fourth on the USR-PLUS list (first woman) and she won an MP seat. Armand is one of only two women among the eight MP elected on the USR-PLUS list. She served on the Committee on Budgets.

In addition to her committee assignments, Armand was part of the MEPs Against Cancer group.[21]

Controversy

Immediately after entering politics in 2016, Armand was accused that, in her capacity of director of Egis Romania, she personally profited from a motorway building contract gone awry between the Romanian state company CNAIR and Bechtel Corporation. Armand denies vigorously any involvement in the Bechtel affair.[22] She responded that she started working for Egis only in September 2013, months after CNAIR's contract with Bechtel ended (in March 2013); that Egis verified the quality of the works of Bechtel, was not bound by contractual links to Bechtel, and defended the interests of its client CNAIR;[23] that moreover she was not a stakeholder in Egis.[24] In spite of her explanations, Armand is frequently depicted in some media venues as having "cashed 50 million dollars from Bechtel".[citation needed]

Political positions

Armand argues that Romania needs a change of the political class.[25] She wrote an open letter to President Klaus Iohannis in which she asked the two main parties of Romania (the Social Democratic Party and the National Liberal Party, both of which have roots in the National Salvation Front) to apologize for their involvement in the June 1990 Mineriad and to remove former president Ion Iliescu and former Prime Minister Petre Roman from public life.[26]

Armand says she does not believe in the left–right politics paradigm, arguing that, in Romania, the money wasted due to corruption is far higher than the differences between standard left and right policies.[27] Nevertheless, she considers herself, within the French political context, a person that is naturally right-wing, but that Romania currently has many people who need the help of the state and that these people, who did not adapt to the changes and are no longer useful to society, should be re-integrated.[28]

Electoral history

Mayor of Sector 1

Election Affiliation Main round
Votes Percentage Position
2016 USB 21,504
28.77%
  2nd 
2020 USR PLUS
(supported by PNL)		 36,455
40.95%
  1st 

References

  1. ^ a b "Cine este Clotilde, franţuzoaica de la Sectorul 1 în faţa căreia au tremurat PSD şi PNL". Digi24. Retrieved 2016-06-16.
  2. ^ a b c d Bran, Mirel (2016-06-07). "Clotilde Armand, la Française qui veut changer la classe politique roumaine". Le Monde (in French). ISSN 1950-6244. Retrieved 2016-06-15.
  3. ^ "Cine este Clotilde Armand, cea mai mare surpriză din istoria alegerilor din București. O franțuzoaică mătură PSD și PNL în Capitală". Ziarul Financiar. Retrieved 2016-06-17.
  4. ^ a b c "Une Française candidate locale à Bucarest". La Croix. Retrieved 2016-06-15.
  5. ^ "Une Vichyssoise candidate aux élections municipales de Bucarest". La Montagne. Retrieved 2016-06-15.
  6. ^ a b c d "Clotilde Armand – the Frenchwoman trying to change Romanian politics". Euronews. 2016-06-08. Retrieved 2016-06-15.
  7. ^ "Frenchwoman Runs for Mayor in Bucharest District". Balkan Insight. Retrieved 2016-06-15.
  8. ^ "Clotilde Armand, candidata franceză care vrea să fie primar: Atuul Bucureștiului sunt oamenii care vor să schimbe ceva". RFI România. 2016-04-01. Retrieved 2016-06-17.
  9. ^ "Rezultate finale alegeri locale 2016: Gabriela Firea a câștigat Bucureștiul cu 246.553 de voturi. Nicușor Dan a primit 175.119 voturi". Mediafax. Retrieved 2016-06-16.
  10. ^ "Clotilde Armand despre respingerea renumărării voturilor: E un abuz complet". Mediafax. Retrieved 2016-06-17.
  11. ^ "USB depune o cerere pentru renumărarea voturilor în cinci-zece secții din Sectorul 1". Agerpres. Retrieved 2016-06-16.
  12. ^ "Clotilde Armand publică pe Facebook discrepanțele din listele publicate de BEC, semnalate de un susținător USB". Digi24. Retrieved 2016-06-16.
  13. ^ "BEC s-a încurcat în Excel. Cum s-au rătăcit 250.000 de buletine de vot. "Sunt tâmpiți!"". Gândul (in Romanian). Retrieved 2016-06-16.
  14. ^ "Clotilde Armand explică de ce a cerut renumărarea voturilor: Din respect pentru alegători". Digi24. Retrieved 2016-06-16.
  15. ^ "Motivele pentru care a fost respinsă cererea USB de renumărare a voturilor". Digi24. Retrieved 2016-06-16.
  16. ^ "Protest pentru Clotilde Armand: Suntem aici pentru democraţie, pentru transparență. Este o luptă pe care o avem în comun. Gabriel Liiceanu: Ideea că se aleg ei între ei folosindu-ne, intolerabilă". Mediafax. Retrieved 2016-06-16.
  17. ^ "Clotilde Armand a depus o contestație la Biroul Electoral al Sectorului 1". Digi24. Retrieved 2016-06-16.
  18. ^ "Contestatia lui Clotilde Armand privind alegerea primarilor intr-un tur va ajunge la CCR". HotNews. Retrieved 2016-06-16.
  19. ^ "Clotilde Armand a ales să fie consilier în Sectorul 1 în detrimentul Consiliului General". Digi24. Retrieved 2016-06-16.
  20. ^ "Vote count for EP elections, close to the finish line. How the distribution of MEP seats looks like?". The Romania Journal. Retrieved 2021-07-21.
  21. ^ MAC MEPs in the 2019-24 legislature MEPs Against Cancer.
  22. ^ "Primim de la Clotilde Armand". România curată (in Romanian). Retrieved 2021-07-21.
  23. ^ "Clotilde Armand regretă contractul cu Bechtel". Digi24. Retrieved 2016-06-17.
  24. ^ https://www.facebook.com/notes/clotilde-armand/poziția-mea-privind-contractul-bechtel/1044145962328125/
  25. ^ "Clotilde Armand: "Ce mă deranjează la români e resemnarea. Trebuie să se implice, să schimbe lucrurile"". Gândul (in Romanian). Retrieved 2016-06-18.
  26. ^ "Clotilde Armand, scrisoare deschisă către Iohannis: Cereți public PNL și PSD să-și ceară scuze pentru Mineriadă. Să-i scoată din viața publică pe Iliescu și Roman". Adevărul. Retrieved 2016-06-18.
  27. ^ "Cine este, cum gândeste și ce ambiții politice are Clotilde Armand după candidatura la primărie: Da, mă văd lider de partid, nu știu/ Obiectivul meu este să pun la dispoziția românilor competențele mele". HotNews. Retrieved 2016-06-18.
  28. ^ "Armand Clotilde, candidat USB la Primăria sector 1: Sunt de dreapta, dar este o realitate că în Romania sunt oameni care au nevoie de ajutorul statului. Politica ar fi să le dăm o locuința socială". HotNews. Retrieved 2016-06-18.
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