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{{Circassians}}{{Short description|Circassian tribe}} |
{{Circassians}}{{Short description|Circassian tribe}} |
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[[File:Besleneys villages in 1830-1850 years.png|thumb|right|350px|Besleney villages of [[Circassia]] around 1830–1850; "1" denotes nine villages resettled from the mountains by General {{Interlanguage link|Gregory von Saß|es|Grigori Zas|ru|Засс, Григорий Христофорович|hu|Grigorij Hrisztoforovics Zassz}}; "2" denotes villages whose names are unknown; The area of village concentration in the upper reaches of the [[Laba River]] tributaries is now part of [[Krasnodar Krai]] between [[Adygea]] to the north and [[Karachay-Cherkessia]] to the south]] |
[[File:Besleneys villages in 1830-1850 years.png|thumb|right|350px|Besleney villages of [[Circassia]] around 1830–1850; "1" denotes nine villages resettled from the mountains by General {{Interlanguage link|Gregory von Saß|es|Grigori Zas|ru|Засс, Григорий Христофорович|hu|Grigorij Hrisztoforovics Zassz}}; "2" denotes villages whose names are unknown; The area of village concentration in the upper reaches of the [[Laba River]] tributaries is now part of [[Krasnodar Krai]] between [[Adygea]] to the north and [[Karachay-Cherkessia]] to the south]] |
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The '''Besleney''' |
The '''Besleney''' [[Circassian languages|Circassian]] : [[Kabardian language|Еstern circassian]]: Bеслъэней, [[Adyghe language|Western circassian]]: Бэслъыный; {{lang-ru|Бесленеевцы}} {{lang|ru|Besleneevcy}}) (also known as '''Beslenei''' or '''Baslaney''') are one of the twelve major [[Circassians|Circassian]] tribes, representing one of the twelve stars on the green-and-gold [[Flag of Adygea|Circassian flag]].<ref>{{cite web|date=2010|title=Circassians|url=https://www.adiga-home.net/Circassians.htm|url-status=unfit|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140820015838/https://www.adiga-home.net/Circassians.htm|archive-date=August 20, 2014|access-date=17 May 2016|website=Adiga-home.net|quote=The 12 Circassian tribes: Abadzeh Besleney Bzhedug Yegeruqay Zhaney Kabarday Mamheg Natuhay Temirgoy Ubyh Shapsug Hatukay. The twelve stars on the Adyghe Flag also refers to the twelve tribes.}}</ref> By character, culture and language, the Besleney are closest to [[Kabardians]].<ref>[[John Colarusso]]. [https://books.google.com/books?id=5FsLlweDug8C&dq ''A Grammar of the Kabardian Language''] University of Calgary Press, 1992. p. 12. {{ISBN|9780919813991}} ''"This highly divergent dialect..."''</ref> The noble families of the Besleney were Kanoko and Shaloho, ancestors of Kabardian Prince Beslan, (the son of legendary [[Prince Inal]]), {{citation needed|date=August 2019}} who established his own tribe of the same name. |
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==Population== |
==Population== |
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The Besleney Circassian : Еstern circassian: Bеслъэней, Western circassian: Бэслъыный; Russian: Бесленеевцы Besleneevcy) (also known as Beslenei or Baslaney) are one of the twelve major Circassian tribes, representing one of the twelve stars on the green-and-gold Circassian flag.[1] By character, culture and language, the Besleney are closest to Kabardians.[2] The noble families of the Besleney were Kanoko and Shaloho, ancestors of Kabardian Prince Beslan, (the son of legendary Prince Inal), [citation needed] who established his own tribe of the same name.
Population
The majority of the Besleney live in the valley of Bolshaya and Malaya Laba Rivers and on the bank of Urup in the Russian Republics of Karachay-Cherkessia, Krasnodar Krai and Adygea.[3] They also extend to the valleys of Chetem, Fars, Psefir, Kuban (Western Circassia).
Language
The Besleney people speak the Besleney sub-dialect (Template:Lang-ady) of the Kabardian Adyghe dialect (East Circassian). However, because the Besleney tribe lived at the center of Circassia, the Besleney dialect also shares a large number of features with dialects of the West Adyghe dialect. Like the Adyghe Shapsug sub-dialect, there exist a palatalized voiced velar plosive [ɡʲ], a palatalized voiceless velar plosive [kʲ] and a palatalized velar ejective [kʲʼ], which were merged to [d͡ʒ], [t͡ʃ] and [t͡ʃʼ] in other Circassian dialects.[4] The Besleney dialect also has an alveolar lateral ejective affricate [t͡ɬʼ], which corresponds to an alveolar lateral ejective fricative [ɬʼ] in most other varieties of Circassian.[5] The Besleney dialect has a voiceless glottal fricative [h] that corresponds to [x] in other Circassian dialects.[6]
| Meaning | Besleney sub-dialect | Standard Kabardian | Standard Adyghe | Shapsug sub-dialect | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cyrillic | IPA | Cyrillic | IPA | Cyrillic | IPA | Cyrillic | IPA | |
| horse | чъы | t͡ʂə | шы | ʃə | шы | ʃə | шы | ʃə |
| sister | чъыпхъу | t͡ʂəpχʷ | шыпхъу | ʃəpχʷ | шыпхъу | ʃəpχʷ | шыпхъу | ʃəpχʷ |
| wedding | нысачъэ | nəsaːt͡ʂa | нысашэ | nəsaːʃa | нысашэ | nəsaːʃa | нысашэ | nəsaːʃa |
| day | махуэ | maːxʷa | махуэ | maːxʷa | мафэ | maːfa | мафэ | maːfa |
| black | фӏыцӏэ | fʼət͡sʼa | фӏыцӏэ | fʼət͡sʼa | шӏуцӏэ | ʃʷʼət͡sʼa | шӏусӏэ | ʃʷʼəsʼa |
| shirt / dress | гьанэ | ɡʲaːna | джанэ | d͡ʒaːna | джанэ | d͡ʒaːna | гьанэ | ɡʲaːna |
| tree | джыг | d͡ʒəɣ | жыг | ʒəɣ | чъыгы | t͡ʂəɡə | чъыгы | t͡ʃəɣə |
| four | птлӏы | pt͡ɬʼəː | плӏы | pɬʼəː | плӏы | pɬʼəː | плӏы | pɬʼəː |
| man | тлӏы | t͡ɬʼəː | лӏы | ɬʼəː | лӏы | ɬʼəː | лӏы | ɬʼəː |
| chicken | гьэд | gad | джэд | d͡ʒad | чэты | t͡ʃatə | кьэт | kʲat |
| tail / seed | кӏьэ | kʲʼa | кӏэ | t͡ʃʼa | кӏэ | t͡ʃʼa | кӏьэ | kʲʼa |
| young man, boy | кӏалэ | t͡ʃʼaːla | щӏалэ | ɕʼaːɮa | кӏалэ | t͡ʃʼaːɮa | кӏалэ | t͡ʃʼaːla |
| new | кӏэ | t͡ʃʼa | щӏэ | ɕʼa | кӏэ | t͡ʃʼa | кӏэ | t͡ʃʼa |
See also
- East Adyghe dialect
- West Adyghe dialect
- Other Circassian tribes:
- Abzakh
- Bzhedug
- Hatuqwai
- Kabardian
- Mamkhegh
- Natukhai
- Rescue of Leningrad Jewish children in Beslenei
- Shapsug
- Temirgoy
- Ubykh
- Yegeruqwai
- Zhaney
References
- ^ "Circassians". Adiga-home.net. 2010. Archived from the original on August 20, 2014. Retrieved 17 May 2016.
The 12 Circassian tribes: Abadzeh Besleney Bzhedug Yegeruqay Zhaney Kabarday Mamheg Natuhay Temirgoy Ubyh Shapsug Hatukay. The twelve stars on the Adyghe Flag also refers to the twelve tribes.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ John Colarusso. A Grammar of the Kabardian Language University of Calgary Press, 1992. p. 12. ISBN 9780919813991 "This highly divergent dialect..."
- ^ James Stuart Olson, et al., eds. "Adyghe".An Ethnohistorical Dictionary of the Russian and Soviet Empires. Greenwood Publishing, 1994. p. 15. ISBN 9780313274978 "The Beslenei (Beslenej) are located between the upper Urup and Khozdya rivers, and along the Middle Laba River, in the western reaches of the North Caucasus."
- ^ Консонантная система уляпского говора в сопоставлении с аналогами других диалектов адыгских языков (in Russian)
- ^ UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive - Recording Details for Kabardian Baslanei dialect. In the first word list called kbd_word-list_1970_01.html the words "man" and "quarter" are pronounced as /t͡ɬʼə/ and /pt͡ɬʼaːna/ compare to Standard Kabardian /ɬʼə/ and /pɬʼaːna/
- ^ Консонантная система уляпского говора в сопоставлении с аналогами других диалектов адыгских языков (in Russian)