Ypresian: Difference between revisions

Ypresian
Ypresian
56.0 – 47.8 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
	Earth ~50 mya
	Klondike Mountain Formation, Republic, Washington
Chronology
←	PETM
←	First Antarctic permanent ice-sheets
←	K-Pg mass; extinction
	Subdivision of the Paleogene according to the ICS, as of 2021.; Vertical axis scale: millions of years ago;
Formerly part of	Tertiary Period/System
Etymology
Name formality	Formal
Usage information
Celestial body	Earth
Regional usage	Global (ICS)
Time scale(s) used	ICS Time Scale
Definition
Chronological unit	Age
Stratigraphic unit	Stage
First proposed by	Dumont
Time span formality	Formal
Lower boundary definition	Strong negative anomaly in δ13C values at the PETM
Lower boundary GSSP	Dababiya section, Luxor, Egypt; 25°30′00″N 32°31′52″E / 25.5000°N 32.5311°E
Lower GSSP ratified	2003
Upper boundary definition	FAD of the calcareous nannofossil Blackites inflatus
Upper boundary GSSP	Gorrondatxe section, Western Pyrenees, Basque Country, Spain; 43°22′47″N 3°00′51″W / 43.3796°N 3.0143°W
Upper GSSP ratified	April 2011

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Revision as of 15:07, 7 October 2021

In the geologic timescale the Ypresian is the oldest age or lowest stratigraphic stage of the Eocene. It spans the time between 56 and 47.8 Ma, is preceded by the Thanetian Age (part of the Paleocene) and is followed by the Eocene Lutetian Age. The Ypresian is consistent with the lower Eocene.

Events

The Ypresian Age begins during the throes of the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM). The Fur Formation in Denmark, the Messel shales in Germany, the Oise amber of France and Cambay amber of India are of this age.

Stratigraphic definition

The Ypresian Stage was introduced in scientific literature by Belgian geologist André Hubert Dumont in 1850. The Ypresian is named after the Flemish city of Ypres in Belgium (spelled Ieper in Dutch). The definitions of the original stage were totally different from the modern ones.^[5] The Ypresian shares its name with the Belgian Ieper Group (French: Groupe d'Ypres), which has an Ypresian age.

The base of the Ypresian Stage is defined at a strong negative anomaly in δ¹³C values at the PETM. The official reference profile (GSSP) for the base of the Ypresian is the Dababiya profile near the Egyptian city of Luxor.^[6] Its original type section was located in the vicinity of Ieper.

The top of the Ypresian (the base of the Lutetian) is identified by the first appearance of the foraminifera genus Hantkenina in the fossil record.

The Ypresian Stage overlaps the upper Neustrian and most of the Grauvian European Land Mammal Mega Zones (it spans the Mammal Paleogene zones 7 through 10.^[7]), the Wasatchian and lower and middle Bridgerian North American Land Mammal Ages, the Casamayoran South American Land Mammal Age and the Bumbanian and most of the Arshantan Asian Land Mammal Ages. It is also coeval with the upper Wangerripian and lowest Johannian regional stages of Australia and the Bulitian, Penutian and Ulatisian regional stages of California.

References

^ Zachos, J. C.; Kump, L. R. (2005). "Carbon cycle feedbacks and the initiation of Antarctic glaciation in the earliest Oligocene". Global and Planetary Change. 47 (1): 51–66. Bibcode:2005GPC....47...51Z. doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2005.01.001.
^ "International Chronostratigraphic Chart" (PDF). International Commission on Stratigraphy.
^ ^a ^b ^c Aubry, Marie-Pierre; Ouda, Khaled; Dupuis, Christian; William A. Berggren; John A. Van Couvering; Working Group on the Paleocene/Eocene Boundary (2007). "The Global Standard Stratotype-section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Eocene Series in the Dababiya section (Egypt)" (PDF). Episodes. 30 (4): 271–286. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2007/v30i4/003.
^ Molina, Eustoquio; Alegret, Laia; Apellaniz, Estibaliz; Bernaola, Gilen; Caballero, Fernando; Jaume Dinarès-Turell; Hardenbol, Jan; Claus Heilmann-Clausen; Juan C. Larrasoana; Hanspeter Luterbacher; Simonetta Monechi; Silvia Ortiz; Xabier Orue-Etxebarria; Aitor Payros; Victoriano Pujalte; Francisco J. Rodríguez-Tobar; Flavia Tori; Josep Tosquella; Alfred Uchman (2011). "The Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Lutetian Stage at the Gorrondatxe section, Spain" (PDF). Episodes. 34 (2): 86–108. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2011/v34i2/006.
^ Steurbaut (2006)
^ The GSSP was established by Dupuis et al. (2003)
^ Alroy, John. "Mammal Paleogene zones". p. The Paleobiology Database. Retrieved 15 July 2009.

Literature

Dumont, A. H.; 1850: Rapport sur la carte géologique du Royaume, Bulletins de l’Académie Royale des Sciences, des Lettres et des Beaux-Arts de Belgique 16 (2), pp. 351–373. (in French)
Dupuis, C.; Aubry, M.; Steurbaut, É; Berggren, W. A.; Ouda, K.; Magioncalda, R.; Cramer, B. S.; Kent, D. V.; Speijer, R. P. & Heilmann-Clausen, C.; 2003: The Dababiya Quarry Section: Lithostratigraphy, clay mineralogy, geochemistry and paleontology, Micropaleontology 49 (1), pp. 41–59, ISSN 0026-2803.
Gradstein, F. M.; Ogg, J. G. & Smith, A. G.; 2004: A Geologic Time Scale 2004, Cambridge University Press.
Steurbaut, É.; 2006: Ypresian, Geologica Belgica 9 (1–2), pp. 73–93.

External links

GeoWhen Database – Ypresian
Paleogene timescale, at the website of the subcommission for stratigraphic information of the ICS
Stratigraphic chart of the Paleogene, at the website of Norges Network of offshore records of geology and stratigraphy

[Zachos2k5-1] Zachos, J. C.; Kump, L. R. (2005). "Carbon cycle feedbacks and the initiation of Antarctic glaciation in the earliest Oligocene". Global and Planetary Change. 47 (1): 51–66. Bibcode:2005GPC....47...51Z. doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2005.01.001.

[2] "International Chronostratigraphic Chart" (PDF). International Commission on Stratigraphy.

[Aubry_2007-3] Aubry, Marie-Pierre; Ouda, Khaled; Dupuis, Christian; William A. Berggren; John A. Van Couvering; Working Group on the Paleocene/Eocene Boundary (2007). "The Global Standard Stratotype-section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Eocene Series in the Dababiya section (Egypt)" (PDF). Episodes. 30 (4): 271–286. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2007/v30i4/003.

[4] Molina, Eustoquio; Alegret, Laia; Apellaniz, Estibaliz; Bernaola, Gilen; Caballero, Fernando; Jaume Dinarès-Turell; Hardenbol, Jan; Claus Heilmann-Clausen; Juan C. Larrasoana; Hanspeter Luterbacher; Simonetta Monechi; Silvia Ortiz; Xabier Orue-Etxebarria; Aitor Payros; Victoriano Pujalte; Francisco J. Rodríguez-Tobar; Flavia Tori; Josep Tosquella; Alfred Uchman (2011). "The Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Lutetian Stage at the Gorrondatxe section, Spain" (PDF). Episodes. 34 (2): 86–108. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2011/v34i2/006.

[5] Steurbaut (2006)

[6] The GSSP was established by Dupuis et al. (2003)

[MP-7] Alroy, John. "Mammal Paleogene zones". p. The Paleobiology Database. Retrieved 15 July 2009.

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@@ Line 55: / Line 55: @@
 }}
-In the [[geologic timescale]] the '''Ypresian''' is the oldest [[age (geology)|age]] or lowest [[stage (stratigraphy)|stratigraphic stage]] of the [[Eocene]]. It spans the time between {{ma|Ypresian|and}} {{Ma|Lutetian|Ma}}, is preceded by the [[Thanetian]] age (part of the [[Paleocene]]) and is followed by the Eocene [[Lutetian]] age. The Ypresian is consistent with the lower Eocene.
+In the [[geologic timescale]] the '''Ypresian''' is the oldest [[age (geology)|age]] or lowest [[stage (stratigraphy)|stratigraphic stage]] of the [[Eocene]]. It spans the time between {{ma|Ypresian|and}} {{Ma|Lutetian|Ma}}, is preceded by the [[Thanetian]] Age (part of the [[Paleocene]]) and is followed by the Eocene [[Lutetian]] Age. The Ypresian is consistent with the lower Eocene.
 ==Events==
-The Ypresian age begins during the throes of the [[Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum]] (PETM). The [[Fur Formation]] in [[Denmark]], the [[Messel shales]] in [[Germany]], the [[Oise amber]] of France and [[Cambay amber]] of India are of this age.
+The Ypresian Age begins during the throes of the [[Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum]] (PETM). The [[Fur Formation]] in [[Denmark]], the [[Messel shales]] in [[Germany]], the [[Oise amber]] of France and [[Cambay amber]] of India are of this age.
 ==Stratigraphic definition==
-The Ypresian stage was introduced in scientific literature by [[Belgium|Belgian]] geologist [[André Hubert Dumont]] in 1850. The Ypresian is named after the [[Flanders|Flemish]] city of [[Ypres]] in Belgium (spelled ''Ieper'' in Dutch). The definitions of the original stage were totally different from the modern ones.<ref>Steurbaut (2006)</ref> The Ypresian shares its name with the Belgian [[Ieper Group]] (French: ''Groupe d'Ypres''), which has an Ypresian age.
+The Ypresian Stage was introduced in scientific literature by [[Belgium|Belgian]] geologist [[André Hubert Dumont]] in 1850. The Ypresian is named after the [[Flanders|Flemish]] city of [[Ypres]] in Belgium (spelled ''Ieper'' in Dutch). The definitions of the original stage were totally different from the modern ones.<ref>Steurbaut (2006)</ref> The Ypresian shares its name with the Belgian [[Ieper Group]] (French: ''Groupe d'Ypres''), which has an Ypresian age.
-The base of the Ypresian stage is defined at a strong negative anomaly in [[Delta 13C|δ<sup>13</sup>C]] values at the [[PETM]]. The official reference profile ([[GSSP]]) for the base of the Ypresian is the Dababiya profile near the [[Egypt]]ian city of [[Luxor]].<ref>The GSSP was established by Dupuis ''et al.'' (2003)</ref> Its original [[type section]] was located in the vicinity of Ieper.
+The base of the Ypresian Stage is defined at a strong negative anomaly in [[Delta 13C|δ<sup>13</sup>C]] values at the [[PETM]]. The official reference profile ([[GSSP]]) for the base of the Ypresian is the Dababiya profile near the [[Egypt]]ian city of [[Luxor]].<ref>The GSSP was established by Dupuis ''et al.'' (2003)</ref> Its original [[type section]] was located in the vicinity of Ieper.
 The top of the Ypresian (the base of the Lutetian) is identified by the first appearance of the [[foraminifera]] [[genus]] ''Hantkenina'' in the fossil record.
-The Ypresian stage overlaps the upper Neustrian and most of the Grauvian [[European Land Mammal Mega Zone]]s (it spans the [[Mammal Paleogene zones]] 7 through 10.<ref name="MP">{{cite web |last = Alroy |first = John | page = The Paleobiology Database | title = Mammal Paleogene zones |url = http://paleodb.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?action=processViewScale&scale_no=125 | access-date = 15 July 2009}}</ref>), the [[Wasatchian]] and lower and middle [[Bridgerian]] [[North American Land Mammal Ages]], the [[Casamayoran]] [[South American Land Mammal Age]] and the [[Bumbanian]] and most of the [[Arshantan]] [[Asian Land Mammal Ages]]. It is also coeval with the upper Wangerripian and lowest Johannian regional stages of [[Australia]] and the [[Bulitian]], [[Penutian]] and Ulatisian regional stages of [[California]].
+The Ypresian Stage overlaps the upper Neustrian and most of the Grauvian [[European Land Mammal Mega Zone]]s (it spans the [[Mammal Paleogene zones]] 7 through 10.<ref name="MP">{{cite web |last = Alroy |first = John | page = The Paleobiology Database | title = Mammal Paleogene zones |url = http://paleodb.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?action=processViewScale&scale_no=125 | access-date = 15 July 2009}}</ref>), the [[Wasatchian]] and lower and middle [[Bridgerian]] [[North American Land Mammal Ages]], the [[Casamayoran]] [[South American Land Mammal Age]] and the [[Bumbanian]] and most of the [[Arshantan]] [[Asian Land Mammal Ages]]. It is also coeval with the upper Wangerripian and lowest Johannian regional stages of [[Australia]] and the [[Bulitian]], [[Penutian]] and Ulatisian regional stages of [[California]].
 ==References==