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The demiard is a traditional unit of volume originating in pre-revolutionary France. After the revolution, when the metric system was introduced in France, the demiard persisted in Louisiana, Quebec, and other French-speaking areas of North America.

It has been asserted^{[by whom?]} that it was originally half of an ard, an otherwise unknown unit.^[2] The demiard was defined as half of a chopine or a quarter of a pinte. Since the pinte was defined as 48 cubic Paris inches (pouces du Roi), this made the demiard 12 cubic inches (and the chopine 24 cubic inches). In metric units, the demiard, chopine, and pinte were 238 mL, 476 mL, and 952 mL respectively, when defined against the cubic Paris inch.

In North America, the three unit names became associated with American and British units of similar sizes, where the demiard was a half-pint, the chopine was a pint, and the pinte was a quart.^[3] In modern Canadian usage, the demiard is equal to 284 millilitres, or half a British Imperial pint.^[4] If defined as half of a US customary pint, it instead equals 237 milliliters.

References

^ Marcel Trudel, Introduction to New France, p. 222
^ Collections, vol. 20, Wisconsin State Historical Society, 1854, p. 440, The Canadian-French say demiard, instead of demi-chopine for half a pint. While the term demiard is common, ard is obsolete. Thanks for this information are due Col. Crawford Lindsay, of Quebec.
^ Cardarelli, François (2003). Encyclopaedia of Scientific Units, Weights and Measures. Their SI Equivalences and Origins. London: Springer. p. 34. ISBN 978-1-4471-1122-1.
^ "Demiard: nom masculin". Larousse. Retrieved 24 February 2015.

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[1] Marcel Trudel, Introduction to New France, p. 222

[2] Collections, vol. 20, Wisconsin State Historical Society, 1854, p. 440, The Canadian-French say demiard, instead of demi-chopine for half a pint. While the term demiard is common, ard is obsolete. Thanks for this information are due Col. Crawford Lindsay, of Quebec.

[3] Cardarelli, François (2003). Encyclopaedia of Scientific Units, Weights and Measures. Their SI Equivalences and Origins. London: Springer. p. 34. ISBN 978-1-4471-1122-1.

[4] "Demiard: nom masculin". Larousse. Retrieved 24 February 2015.

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 The '''demiard''' is a [[Units of measurement in France before the French Revolution#Volume – Liquid measures|traditional unit of volume]] originating in pre-[[French Revolution|revolutionary]] France. After the revolution, when the [[metric system]] was introduced in France, the demiard persisted in [[Louisiana]], [[Quebec]], and other [[French America|French-speaking areas of North America]].
-It has been asserted that it was originally half of an ''ard'', an otherwise unknown unit.<ref>{{citation |quote=The Canadian-French say demiard, instead of demi-chopine for half a pint. While the term demiard is common, ard is obsolete. Thanks for this information are due Col. Crawford Lindsay, of Quebec.  | publisher=Wisconsin State Historical Society |page= 440 |title=Collections |volume=20 |year=1854}}</ref> The demiard was defined as half of a ''chopine'' or a quarter of a ''pinte''. Since the ''pinte'' was defined as 48 cubic ''[[Paris inch|Paris inches]] (pouces du Roi)'', this made the demiard 12 cubic inches (and the chopine 24 cubic inches). In metric units, the demiard, chopine, and pinte were 238 mL, 476 mL, and 952 mL respectively, when defined against the cubic Paris inch.
+It has been asserted{{By whom|date=October 2021}} that it was originally half of an ''ard'', an otherwise unknown unit.<ref>{{citation |quote=The Canadian-French say demiard, instead of demi-chopine for half a pint. While the term demiard is common, ard is obsolete. Thanks for this information are due Col. Crawford Lindsay, of Quebec.  | publisher=Wisconsin State Historical Society |page= 440 |title=Collections |volume=20 |year=1854}}</ref> The demiard was defined as half of a ''chopine'' or a quarter of a ''pinte''. Since the ''pinte'' was defined as 48 cubic ''[[Paris inch|Paris inches]] (pouces du Roi)'', this made the demiard 12 cubic inches (and the chopine 24 cubic inches). In metric units, the demiard, chopine, and pinte were 238 mL, 476 mL, and 952 mL respectively, when defined against the cubic Paris inch.
 In North America, the three unit names became associated with American and British units of similar sizes, where the demiard was a half-pint, the chopine was a [[pint]], and the pinte was a [[quart]].<ref>{{cite book | title=Encyclopaedia of Scientific Units, Weights and Measures. Their SI Equivalences and Origins | url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediaofs0000card | url-access=registration | last=Cardarelli | first=François | publisher=Springer | year=2003 | isbn=978-1-4471-1122-1 | location=London | page=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediaofs0000card/page/34 34] }}</ref> In modern Canadian usage, the demiard is equal to 284 millilitres, or half a [[Pint#Imperial pint|British Imperial pint]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Demiard: nom masculin|url=http://www.larousse.fr/dictionnaires/francais/demiard/23308|website=Larousse|access-date=24 February 2015}}</ref> If defined as half of a [[Pint#US liquid pint|US customary pint]], it instead equals 237 milliliters.

Revision as of 20:16, 3 October 2021

See also

References