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==== Haiti ====
==== Haiti ====
On August 14, when Grace entered the Caribbean, a tropical storm watch was issued for the entirety of Haiti. The NHC predicted 4 to 7 inches of rain to fall in the country. Grace’s impacts to Haiti were likely more extreme, due to the magnitude 7.2 earthquake that had occurred in the country just days earlier.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tropical Storm GRACE|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2021/al07/al072021.public.007.shtml?|access-date=2021-08-21|website=www.nhc.noaa.gov}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Magnitude 7.2 Earthquake in Haiti|url=https://www.usgs.gov/news/magnitude-72-earthquake-haiti|access-date=2021-08-22}}</ref>
On August 14, when Grace entered the Caribbean, a tropical storm watch was issued for the entirety of Haiti. The NHC predicted 4 to 7 inches of rain to fall in the country.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tropical Storm GRACE|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2021/al07/al072021.public.007.shtml?|access-date=2021-08-21|website=www.nhc.noaa.gov}}</ref> Grace’s impacts to Haiti were likely more extreme than typical for this kind of storm, due to the magnitude 7.2 earthquake that had occurred in the country just days earlier.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Magnitude 7.2 Earthquake in Haiti|url=https://www.usgs.gov/news/magnitude-72-earthquake-haiti|access-date=2021-08-22}}</ref>


=== Jamaica ===
=== Jamaica ===

Revision as of 01:57, 23 August 2021

This article is about the Atlantic hurricane of 2021. For other storms of the same name, see Tropical Storm Grace.
Hurricane Grace
Category 3 major hurricane (SSHWS/NWS)
Hurricane Grace at peak intensity shortly before making landfall near Tecolutla, Veracruz, early on August 21
FormedAugust 13, 2021
DissipatedAugust 21, 2021
Highest winds1-minute sustained: 125 mph (205 km/h)
Lowest pressure962 mbar (hPa); 28.41 inHg
Fatalities8 fatalities; 3 missing
DamageUnknown
Areas affectedLesser Antilles, Greater Antilles, Yucatan Peninsula, Central Mexico
Part of the 2021 Atlantic hurricane season

Hurricane Grace was the strongest recorded tropical cyclone at landfall in the Bay of Campeche, surpassing Hurricane Karl of 2010.[1] On its nine-day track across the North Atlantic Ocean, Grace impacted much of the Leeward Islands and Greater Antilles as a tropical storm, before causing more substantial impacts in the Yucatan Peninsula and Veracruz as a hurricane. It was the seventh tropical depression, seventh named storm, second hurricane, and first major hurricane of the 2021 Atlantic hurricane season. Originating from a tropical wave in the Main Development Region, Grace tracked West-Northwest across the Atlantic towards the Antilles, becoming a tropical depression on August 14. It steadily strengthened into Tropical Storm Grace later the same day, however, it weakened back to a depression due to a less conducive environment. After moving near Haiti as a tropical depression, it strengthened back to a tropical storm and became a hurricane on August 18, peaking with winds of 80 mph (130 km/h) and a pressure of 986 mbar. It weakened back to a tropical storm after its landfall in the Yucatán Peninsula and emerged into the Bay of Campeche, entering a very good environment hours later. Grace then rapidly intensified into a category 3 hurricane, reaching its second 1-minute sustained peak of 125 mph (201 km/h) in about 24 hours. The storm made its final landfall in the state of Veracruz at peak intensity.

Meteorological history

Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
triangle Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

On August 10, the National Hurricane Center (NHC) began monitoring a tropical disturbance near the Cabo Verde Islands.[2] A Tropical Weather Outlook on the following day noted that the system was producing disorganized showers and thunderstorms.[2] However, environmental conditions were becoming more conductive for development, and by August 13, the system was designated as Potential Tropical Cyclone Seven while located about 840 miles (1,350 km) east of the Leeward Islands.[3][4] By 06:00 UTC the next day, the NHC initiated advisories on Tropical Depression Seven approximately 480 miles (770 km) east of the Leeward Islands.[5] After the cyclone was found to have tropical storm-force winds on August 14 at 09:00 UTC, the NHC upgraded the depression to a tropical storm, naming it Grace.[6] However, strong wind shear caused Grace to weaken back to a tropical depression on August 15.[7] It made landfall as a tropical depression in the Barahona Peninsula at 15:00 UTC on August 16.[8] Continuing west-northwestward, Grace brushed the south coast of Haiti early on August 17.[9] At 06:00 UTC on August 17, Grace re-intensified into a tropical storm southwest of Haiti, after a reconnaissance flight observed tropical storm-force winds.[10] Approximately 11 hours later, Grace made landfall in Jamaica near Annotto Bay, Saint Mary Parish, with winds of 50 mph (85 km/h).[11] After re-emerging into the Caribbean late on August 17, Grace continued to intensify due to favorable conditions and rapidly organized as it passed south of the Cayman Islands.[12] By 15:00 UTC on August 18, Grace had intensified into a Category 1 hurricane.[13] The storm reached an initial peak intensity with winds of 80 mph (130 km/h) and a barometric pressure of 986 mbar (29.1 inHg) early on August 19.[14][15] At 09:45 UTC on that day, Grace made its first landfall at that intensity near Tulum, Quintana Roo.[16] Shortly after, the storm weakened to a strong tropical storm.[17]

After nearly 12 hours over land, Grace emerged into the Bay of Campeche.[18] The storm then began reintensifying, becoming a hurricane again by 12:00 UTC on August 20.[19] Thereafter, Grace underwent rapid intensification, becoming a Category 2 hurricane by 00:00 UTC on August 21.[20] Within the next three hours, the storm became a Category 3 hurricane.[21] Around 06:00 UTC on August 21, Grace made another landfall in Mexico near Tecolutla, Veracruz, at peak intensity, with winds of 125 mph (205 km/h) and a pressure of 962 mb (28.41 inHg).[22] After landfall, it rapidly weakened to a Category 1 hurricane over the mountainous terrain of Mexico.[23] The storm continued to rapidly weaken over the rough terrain and was downgraded to a tropical storm three hours later.[24] At 21:00 UTC, the storm weakened to a tropical disturbance over Mexico.[25]

Preparations

Leeward Islands

Satellite loop of Tropical Storm Grace approaching and passing over the Leeward Islands on August 14.

At 15:00 UTC on August 13, when soon-to-be Tropical Storm Grace was designated, tropical storm watches were issued for the islands of Antigua and Barbuda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Montserrat, Saba, and Sint Eustatius.[4] The Government of France would soon issue a tropical storm watch on Saint Martin and Saint Barthelemy. The Government of Saint Martin declared a tropical watch on the island. Afterward, more watches and warnings were issued in the U.S Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico. The Government of Antigua and Barbuda issued a tropical storm watch on Anguilla and the British Virgin Islands.

Later that day, tropical storm warnings were issued for the islands of Antigua and Barbuda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Montserrat, and Anguilla. Saba and Sint Eustatius would also be under tropical storm warnings issued by the Government of France.[26]

Hispaniola

Dominican Republic

On the south coast of the Dominican Republic, a tropical storm watch was issued by the government as the storm was approaching the Lesser Antilles.[27] As the storm came closer, the government issued a tropical storm warning from Cabo Caucedo to Samaná, while the rest of the country was under a tropical storm watch.[28] At 5 AM AST (0900 UTC) a tropical storm warning was issued from the southern Haitian Border to Cabo Caucedo.[29] At 2:00PM EDT (1800 UTC) after Grace exited the Dominican Republic, all tropical storm watches were lifted.[30]

Haiti

On August 14, when Grace entered the Caribbean, a tropical storm watch was issued for the entirety of Haiti. The NHC predicted 4 to 7 inches of rain to fall in the country.[31] Grace’s impacts to Haiti were likely more extreme than typical for this kind of storm, due to the magnitude 7.2 earthquake that had occurred in the country just days earlier.[32]

Jamaica

Tropical Storm Grace approaching Jamaica early on August 17

When Grace was still a depression off the coast of Dominican Republic, a tropical storm watch was in effect for the entire island, as issued by the Government.[33] Jamaica would be under a tropical storm watch up until Grace neared landfall. At 500 PM EDT (2100 UTC) the Government of Jamaica issued a tropical storm warning for the island as Grace was expected to make landfall on the island in August 17.[34] After leaving the island, a tropical storm warning remained in effect until 500 AM EDT (0900 UTC) when the Jamaican Government discontinued it.[35]

Cayman Islands

The Cayman Islands were put under a tropical storm warning at 11am EDT on August 16 when Grace was 575 miles ESE of Grand Cayman and heading towards the Cayman Islands. The Cayman Islands were put under a hurricane watch at 5pm EDT on August 17 when Grace was 225 miles ESE of Grand Cayman and heading towards Grand Cayman. The NEOC was activated along with the Government Emergency Services. The Cayman Islands Regiment and the Cayman Islands Coast Guard were deployed on the Humanitarian Aid & Disaster Response (HADR) mission, The Cayman Islands Cadet Corps were deployed to NEOC to handle the phones and dispatch. Schools were closed and shelters on all three Islands were opened. The National Roads Authority worked on the storm water drainage on roadways. Cayman Airways postponed and canceled flights. [36] [37]

Cuba

In Cuba, most of the damage has been done to the southern and eastern coasts.[38][39] The hurricane passed on 17 August. The lands near Santiago de Cuba, Bayamo, Las Tunas and Camaguey were the most affected.[40] In the southern provinces, a tropical storm watch was issued.[41] It is also stated that earthquakes occured, along with the earthquake in Haiti.[42] Though, many sources do not mention the damage in Cuba, as it was not significant and the damage done was not important. Most of the damage happened in its southern neighbors Jamaica and the Cayman Islands.[43]

Mexico

Satellite loop of Hurricane Grace rapidly intensifying in the Bay of Campeche on August 20

On August 17, Mexico's government issued a hurricane watch for the Yucatan Peninsula as the NHC anticipated a hurricane landfall there.[44] Later that same day, the Government of Mexico issued a hurricane warning on the east coast of Yucatan Peninsula.[45] At 0600 UTC, a tropical storm watch was put in effect for the west coast of the Yucatan, which was later upgraded to a tropical storm warning.[46][47] Soon after, a hurricane watch was put in effect from Puerto Veracruz to Cabo Rojo on the Gulf coast of Mexico, as Grace was soon to make landfall in the Yucatan Peninsula.[48] The NHC projected widespread areas of 6–12 in (150–300 mm) of rain to fall, with up to 18 in (460 mm) in some localized areas.[49] After landfall the hurricane warning from the east coast of the Yucatan was replaced with a tropical storm warning, and a hurricane warning was put in effect in for Puerto Veracruz to Cabo Rojo.[50] A few hours after exiting the Yucatan, the Meteorological Service of Mexico lifted the Tropical Storm Warning east of Progreso.[51] Soon the watch for the west coast of Yucatan Peninsula was discontinued as Grace continued to move further away.[52] A hurricane warning for Puerto Veracruz to Cabo Rojo continued to stay in effect after the storm made landfall until 1500 UTC, when Grace was downgraded into a tropical storm, at which point the hurricane warnings were replaced with tropical storm warnings.[53] A tropical storm warning would still be in effect up until 2100 UTC on August 21, when Grace weakened to a disturbance.[54]

Impacts

Lesser Antilles

As a weak and disorganized tropical storm, Grace was noted to have passed roughly 25 kilometres north of Guadeloupe on the evening of August 14, bringing squally weather to nearby islands. Exact damage there, if any, is unknown.[55]

Hispaniola

As a tropical depression, Grace caused minimal damage in the Dominican Republic.

Grace brought heavy rainfall to Haiti, reaching around 10 in (250 mm); this caused flooding in areas affected by a magnitude-7.2 earthquake in the country that killed thousands. Wind gusts destroyed homes previously damaged by the earthquake. Grace's passage disrupted recovery and relief efforts.[56]

Jamaica

On August 18, Grace made landfall in Jamaica, bringing gusty winds, up to 53 mph, and very heavy rainfall, reaching 248 mm, both recorded in Kingston. As a result, widespread flash flooding and power outages occurred, and water rescues were performed. Despite this, no injuries or deaths were reported on the island.[57]

Cayman Islands

Grace brought minor impacts to the Cayman Brac and Little Cayman, however Grace tracking very close to a near landfall it brought much stronger impacts to Grand Cayman which took the brunt of Grace with winds gusting up to hurricane intensity, brought moderate to higher impacts to Grand Cayman. Large trees were toppled some into people's property and some into roads. Heavy winds caused damages to roofs, some buildings received further damage. Several utility poles toppled over and damage to the electrical infrastructure caused the whole of Grand Cayman to lose power and even in the days after the storm.[58] Heavy rains caused of flooding throughout the island. Storm surge caused some beach erosion and some coastal roads to be blocked. Several boats had either gotten loose from safe harbor or sunk. A Cayman Airways Boeing 737-300 got loose, rolled down the apron and crashed into the airport fence. The Cayman Islands Regiment had to be deployed to parts of the island especially to West Bay where they rescued persons from their damaged buildings and flooded areas. [59] [60] [61] [62] [63] [64]

Mexico

Yucatán

Nearly 700,000 people along Mexico's Caribbean coast lost power as Grace made landfall in the Yucatan Peninsula.[49] Damage was mostly limited to fallen trees, toppled wire lines, and some flooding.[65]

Veracruz

Severe flooding was reported in Xalapa and other areas within the state of Veracruz upon the storm's second Mexican landfall. The governor of the state of Veracruz, Cuitláhuac García Jiménez, stated that eight people died from Hurricane Grace in the state, and that three more had been reported missing.[49][66] Six of the dead were from the same family, and all but one of the deaths were in the city of Xalapa; the other death was in Poza Rica.[49]

See also

References

  1. ^ Henson, Bob; Masters, Jeff (August 21, 2021). "Hurricane Henri aims for Long Island and New England; Grace makes a historic landfall in the Bay of Campeche". Yale Climate Connections. Retrieved August 22, 2021.
  2. ^ a b "NHC Graphical Outlook Archive". www.nhc.noaa.gov.
  3. ^ "NHC Graphical Outlook Archive". www.nhc.noaa.gov.
  4. ^ a b "Potential Tropical Cyclone SEVEN". www.nhc.noaa.gov.
  5. ^ "Tropical Depression SEVEN". www.nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2021-08-18.
  6. ^ "Tropical Storm GRACE". www.nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2021-08-18.
  7. ^ "Tropical Depression GRACE". www.nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2021-08-18.
  8. ^ "Tropical Depression GRACE". www.nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2021-08-18.
  9. ^ Paola Bueno (2021-08-17). "Tempestade tropical Grace atinge o Haiti após terremoto". O Tempo.com Meteored (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2021-08-18.
  10. ^ "Tropical Storm GRACE". www.nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2021-08-19.
  11. ^ "Tropical Storm GRACE". www.nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2021-08-19.
  12. ^ "Tropical Storm GRACE". www.nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2021-08-19.
  13. ^ "Hurricane GRACE". www.nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2021-08-19.
  14. ^ "Hurricane GRACE". www.nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2021-08-19.
  15. ^ "Hurricane GRACE". www.nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2021-08-19.
  16. ^ "Hurricane GRACE". www.nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2021-08-19.
  17. ^ "Tropical Storm GRACE". www.nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2021-08-19.
  18. ^ "Tropical Storm Grace Forecast Discussion". www.nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2021-08-20.
  19. ^ "Hurricane GRACE". www.nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2021-08-20.
  20. ^ "Hurricane Grace". www.nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2021-08-20.
  21. ^ Klotzbach, Philip (2021-08-20). "#Grace has rapidly intensified into a major hurricane". Twitter. Retrieved 2021-08-21.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  22. ^ Andrew Latto (2021-08-21). "Hurricane Grace Intermediate Advisory Number 31A". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2021-08-21.
  23. ^ "Hurricane GRACE". www.nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2021-08-21.
  24. ^ "Tropical Storm GRACE". www.nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2021-08-21.
  25. ^ "Remnants of GRACE". www.nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2021-08-21.
  26. ^ "Tropical Depression SEVEN Public Advisory Number 2". www.nhc.noaa.gov.
  27. ^ "Tropical Storm Grace Tropical Cyclone". Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. August 14, 2020. Retrieved August 14, 2020.
  28. ^ "Tropical Storm GRACE". www.nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2021-08-18.
  29. ^ "Tropical Storm GRACE". www.nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2021-08-18.
  30. ^ "Tropical Depression GRACE". www.nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2021-08-18.
  31. ^ "Tropical Storm GRACE". www.nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2021-08-21.
  32. ^ "Magnitude 7.2 Earthquake in Haiti". Retrieved 2021-08-22.
  33. ^ "Tropical Depression GRACE Advisory 12A Archive". www.nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2021-08-16.
  34. ^ "Tropical Storm GRACE". www.nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2021-08-17.
  35. ^ "Advisory 20 of Tropical Storm Grace". www.nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2021-08-18.
  36. ^ http://www.caymanprepared.ky/portal/page/portal/hmchome/pressroom/2021/Cayman%20Islands%20Under%20TS%20Warning
  37. ^ http://www.caymanprepared.ky/portal/page/portal/hmchome/pressroom/2021/Cayman%20Islands%20Under%20Hurricane%20Watch
  38. ^ Marchante, Michelle (18 August 2021). "Tropical Storm Grace leaves Haiti with flooding rains, and it could be a hurricane soon". miamiherald.com. Miami Herald. Retrieved 21 August 2021.
  39. ^ "Haiti, Dominican Republic, Cuba, Jamaica, Cayman Islands, Mexico - Tropical Cyclone GRACE, update ( GDACS, NOAA, Goverment Dominican Republic, media) (ECHO Daily Flash of 18 August 2021)". reliefweb.int. United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. 18 August 2021. Retrieved 21 August 2021.
  40. ^ "Caribbean Sea: Tropical Depression Grace tracking west-northwestward in the Caribbean Sea Aug. 16 /update 5". garda.com. GardaWorld. 20 August 2021. Retrieved 21 August 2021.
  41. ^ "Tropical Storm Grace en Route to the Yucatan". havanatimes.org. Havana Times. 17 August 2021. Retrieved 21 August 2021.
  42. ^ Holcombe, Madeline (18 August 2021). "Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula under hurricane warning as Grace heads its way". havanatimes.org. CNN. Retrieved 21 August 2021.
  43. ^ "Remnants of Grace". nhc.noaa.gov. National Hurricane Center. 21 August 2021. Retrieved 21 August 2021.
  44. ^ "Tropical Storm GRACE". www.nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2021-08-19.
  45. ^ "Tropical Storm GRACE". www.nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2021-08-21.
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  50. ^ "Tropical Storm GRACE". www.nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2021-08-21.
  51. ^ "Tropical Storm GRACE". www.nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2021-08-21.
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  55. ^ "Tropical Storm GRACE". www.nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2021-08-22.
  56. ^ "Haiti: Earthquake - Flash Update No. 3 (18 August 2021)". United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. August 18, 2021. ReliefWeb. Retrieved August 19, 2021.
  57. ^ "Hurricane Grace batters the Caymans, heads for Mexico; Henri a growing concern for northeastern U.S. » Yale Climate Connections". Yale Climate Connections. 2021-08-18. Retrieved 2021-08-22.
  58. ^ https://caymannewsservice.com/2021/08/over-1000-customers-still-without-power/
  59. ^ https://www.caymancompass.com/2021/08/18/tropical-storm-grace-heavy-showers-high-winds-affecting-the-cayman-islands/
  60. ^ https://www.caymancompass.com/2021/08/19/major-clean-up-operation-in-wake-of-tropical-storm-grace/
  61. ^ https://www.caymancompass.com/2021/08/20/photo-gallery-aerial-view-of-tropical-storm-grace-destruction/
  62. ^ https://caymannewsservice.com/2021/08/widespread-mess-emerges-in-wake-of-grace/
  63. ^ https://caymannewsservice.com/2021/08/botanic-park-appeals-for-help-with-clean-up-after-ts-grace/
  64. ^ https://www.caymancompass.com/2021/08/18/tropical-storm-grace-in-images-video/
  65. ^ https://www.washingtonpost.com/weather/2021/08/19/grace-made-landfall-near-tulum-mexico-hurricane-with-strike-mainland-expected-friday-night/
  66. ^ The New York Times. "Hurricane Grace Makes Landfall on Mexico's Yucatán Peninsula, With Dangerous Winds and Storm Surge".
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