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The magazine was originally published bimonthly from October 1, 1919 under the name '''''The Golden Age'''''. Clayton J. Woodworth was editor of the magazine,{{sfn|Chryssides|2008|pp=140}} and later went on to serve on the boards of several [[corporations of Jehovah's Witnesses]].<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Announcements|magazine=The Watchtower|date=February 15, 1952|page=128}}</ref> It was founded for use in the [[Bible Student movement|Bible Students]]' new door-to-door ministry.<ref>{{cite book|title=Jehovah's Witnesses and the Secular World: From the 1870s to the Present|author=Zoé Knox|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan Inc|year=2018|page=37}}</ref> On October 6, 1937, the magazine was renamed '''''Consolation''''' and continued to be published biweekly until July 31, 1946.
The magazine was originally published bimonthly from October 1, 1919 under the name '''''The Golden Age'''''. Clayton J. Woodworth was editor of the magazine,{{sfn|Chryssides|2008|pp=140}} and later went on to serve on the boards of several [[corporations of Jehovah's Witnesses]].<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Announcements|magazine=The Watchtower|date=February 15, 1952|page=128}}</ref> It was founded for use in the [[Bible Student movement|Bible Students]]' new door-to-door ministry.<ref>{{cite book|title=Jehovah's Witnesses and the Secular World: From the 1870s to the Present|author=Zoé Knox|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan Inc|year=2018|page=37}}</ref> On October 6, 1937, the magazine was renamed '''''Consolation''''' and continued to be published biweekly until July 31, 1946.


On August 22, 1946, the magazine was renamed ''Awake!'',<ref>''Revelation—Its Grand Climax At Hand'', pages 146–147</ref><ref>''Watch Tower Publications'', Watchtower Publications Index, 2008</ref> drawing its new title from [[Epistle to the Romans|Romans]] 13:11 ([[American Standard Version|ASV]]): "... it is time for you to awake out of sleep: for now is salvation nearer to us than when we first believed".{{sfn|Chryssides|2008|pp=12}} The journal's editorship then became anonymous. (Autobiographical articles credited to individual members about their experiences and circumstances occasionally appear.)
On August 22, 1946, the magazine was renamed ''Awake!'',<ref>''Revelation—Its Grand Climax At Hand'', pages 146–147</ref><ref>''Watch Tower Publications'', Watchtower Publications Index, 2008</ref> drawing its new title from [[Epistle to the Romans|Romans]] 13:11 ([[American Standard Version|ASV]]): "... it is time for you to awake out of sleep: for now is salvation nearer to us than when we first believed".{{sfn|Chryssides|2008|pp=12}} The magazine's editorship then became anonymous. (Autobiographical articles credited to individual members about their experiences and circumstances occasionally appear.)
[[File:Consolation-cover-December-14-1938.jpg|thumb|''Consolation'' magazine, December 14, 1938]]
[[File:Consolation-cover-December-14-1938.jpg|thumb|''Consolation'' magazine, December 14, 1938]]
From 1982 to 1995, each issue of the magazine included a mission statement which stated, "this magazine builds confidence in the Creator's promise of a peaceful and secure new order before the generation that saw 1914 passes away".<ref>{{cite magazine|magazine=Awake!|date=October 8, 1995|page=4|publisher=Watch Tower Society|title=Why ''Awake!'' Is Published}}</ref> When Jehovah's Witnesses' belief regarding the "generation" of 1914 was changed to a less literal sense, the aim was restated as, "this magazine builds confidence in the Creator's promise of a peaceful and secure new world that is about to replace the present wicked, lawless system of things".<ref>{{cite magazine|magazine=Awake!|date=November 8, 1995|page=4|publisher=Watch Tower Society|title=Why ''Awake!'' Is Published}}</ref>
From 1982 to 1995, each issue of the magazine included a mission statement which stated, "this magazine builds confidence in the Creator's promise of a peaceful and secure new order before the generation that saw 1914 passes away".<ref>{{cite magazine|magazine=Awake!|date=October 8, 1995|page=4|publisher=Watch Tower Society|title=Why ''Awake!'' Is Published}}</ref> When Jehovah's Witnesses' belief regarding the "generation" of 1914 was changed to a less literal sense, the aim was restated as, "this magazine builds confidence in the Creator's promise of a peaceful and secure new world that is about to replace the present wicked, lawless system of things".<ref>{{cite magazine|magazine=Awake!|date=November 8, 1995|page=4|publisher=Watch Tower Society|title=Why ''Awake!'' Is Published}}</ref>
Line 50: Line 50:
Until March 1990, ''Awake!'' was available for a small charge that varied over time and in different countries. For example, in the United States, the suggested donation per issue was $0.05 in 1950,<ref>{{cite magazine|magazine=The Watchtower|date=May 15, 1950|page=4|title=Publication details}}</ref> gradually increasing to $0.25 in 1989.<ref>{{cite magazine|magazine=Our Kingdom Ministry|page=2|date=October 1989|title=Announcements}}</ref> On January 17, 1990, the [[Supreme Court of the United States]] ruled against [[Jimmy Swaggart]] that sales of religious literature were subject to taxation, which introduced ambiguity into the formerly tax-free practice of suggesting a particular donation in exchange for the magazines. The Watch Tower Society supported Swaggart in the case, arguing that the perceived sale of religious literature should be exempt from taxation.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Four Presidents of the Watch Tower Society (Jehovah's Witnesses)|author=Edmond C. Gruss|publisher=Xulon Press|year=2003|pages=72&ndash;73}}</ref>
Until March 1990, ''Awake!'' was available for a small charge that varied over time and in different countries. For example, in the United States, the suggested donation per issue was $0.05 in 1950,<ref>{{cite magazine|magazine=The Watchtower|date=May 15, 1950|page=4|title=Publication details}}</ref> gradually increasing to $0.25 in 1989.<ref>{{cite magazine|magazine=Our Kingdom Ministry|page=2|date=October 1989|title=Announcements}}</ref> On January 17, 1990, the [[Supreme Court of the United States]] ruled against [[Jimmy Swaggart]] that sales of religious literature were subject to taxation, which introduced ambiguity into the formerly tax-free practice of suggesting a particular donation in exchange for the magazines. The Watch Tower Society supported Swaggart in the case, arguing that the perceived sale of religious literature should be exempt from taxation.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Four Presidents of the Watch Tower Society (Jehovah's Witnesses)|author=Edmond C. Gruss|publisher=Xulon Press|year=2003|pages=72&ndash;73}}</ref>


From March 1, 1990, the journals were made available at no cost, on a freewill donation basis in the United States, with the stated purpose of simplifying their Bible educational work and distinguishing themselves from those who commercialize religion.<ref name=OKM>{{cite magazine|magazine=Our Kingdom Ministry|date=May 1990|page=7|title=Use Our Literature Wisely|quote=At the end of February 1990, it was explained that magazines and literature will be provided to publishers and to the interested public on a complete donation basis, that is, without asking or suggesting that a specific contribution be made as a precondition to receiving an item.}}</ref> An article in the May 1990 issue of ''Our Kingdom Ministry''&mdash;a newsletter provided to members&mdash;stated that "there are growing pressures against all religious elements" and went on to say that their main concern was to move ahead in the worldwide preaching work, "without hindrance."<ref name=OKM />
From March 1, 1990, the magazines were made available at no cost, on a freewill donation basis in the United States, with the stated purpose of simplifying their Bible educational work and distinguishing themselves from those who commercialize religion.<ref name=OKM>{{cite magazine|magazine=Our Kingdom Ministry|date=May 1990|page=7|title=Use Our Literature Wisely|quote=At the end of February 1990, it was explained that magazines and literature will be provided to publishers and to the interested public on a complete donation basis, that is, without asking or suggesting that a specific contribution be made as a precondition to receiving an item.}}</ref> An article in the May 1990 issue of ''Our Kingdom Ministry''&mdash;a newsletter provided to members&mdash;stated that "there are growing pressures against all religious elements" and went on to say that their main concern was to move ahead in the worldwide preaching work, "without hindrance."<ref name=OKM />


The sale of Jehovah's Witnesses' literature was gradually phased out in other countries, and ''Awake!'' has been distributed free of charge worldwide since early 2000, its printing being funded by voluntary donations from Jehovah's Witnesses and members of the public.<ref>{{cite book|title=2001 Yearbook of Jehovah's Witnesses|page=18|quote=Another factor in reaching more people with the good news has been the simplified literature distribution arrangement. ... The voluntary donation arrangement is explained to people, but no charge is made for the literature. As of January 2000, that arrangement was extended to all lands where it was not already in operation.}}</ref>
The sale of Jehovah's Witnesses' literature was gradually phased out in other countries, and ''Awake!'' has been distributed free of charge worldwide since early 2000, its printing being funded by voluntary donations from Jehovah's Witnesses and members of the public.<ref>{{cite book|title=2001 Yearbook of Jehovah's Witnesses|page=18|quote=Another factor in reaching more people with the good news has been the simplified literature distribution arrangement. ... The voluntary donation arrangement is explained to people, but no charge is made for the literature. As of January 2000, that arrangement was extended to all lands where it was not already in operation.}}</ref>

Revision as of 22:07, 24 January 2021

This article is about the religious magazine. For other uses, see Awake (disambiguation).
Awake!
Cover of Awake! (No. 5, 2017)
CategoriesReligious
FrequencyTriannual
Circulation93,354,000
PublisherWatch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania
First issueOctober 1, 1919 (as The Golden Age)
CompanyJehovah's Witnesses
CountryUnited States
Based inWarwick, New York, United States
Language225 languages
Websitewww.jw.org/en/publications/magazines/
ISSN0005-237X

Awake! is an illustrated religious magazine published every four months by the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania. It is considered to be a companion magazine of The Watchtower,[1] and is distributed by Jehovah's Witnesses, with a total worldwide circulation of over 93 million copies in 225 languages per issue.[2]

History

The Golden Age magazine, November 21, 1934

The magazine was originally published bimonthly from October 1, 1919 under the name The Golden Age. Clayton J. Woodworth was editor of the magazine,[3] and later went on to serve on the boards of several corporations of Jehovah's Witnesses.[4] It was founded for use in the Bible Students' new door-to-door ministry.[5] On October 6, 1937, the magazine was renamed Consolation and continued to be published biweekly until July 31, 1946.

On August 22, 1946, the magazine was renamed Awake!,[6][7] drawing its new title from Romans 13:11 (ASV): "... it is time for you to awake out of sleep: for now is salvation nearer to us than when we first believed".[8] The magazine's editorship then became anonymous. (Autobiographical articles credited to individual members about their experiences and circumstances occasionally appear.)

Consolation magazine, December 14, 1938

From 1982 to 1995, each issue of the magazine included a mission statement which stated, "this magazine builds confidence in the Creator's promise of a peaceful and secure new order before the generation that saw 1914 passes away".[9] When Jehovah's Witnesses' belief regarding the "generation" of 1914 was changed to a less literal sense, the aim was restated as, "this magazine builds confidence in the Creator's promise of a peaceful and secure new world that is about to replace the present wicked, lawless system of things".[10]

Until 2005, Awake! was published semimonthly in major languages (on the 8th and 22nd), monthly in many languages, and quarterly in a few languages. As of January 2006, the magazine was published monthly, and as of 2016 it was published every second month. As of early 2018, it is published every four months, in March, July, and November of each year.[11]

Content

The Golden Age outlined its primary aim in its first issue, stating, "we will point the people to the clear and indisputable evidence in the light of present-day events, disclosing the divinely expressed remedy for the reconstruction of human affairs that will bring the desire of all nations, assuring to the people life, liberty and happiness."[12] The magazine also contained articles about "social, political, and economic issue and was not confined to purely religious matters".[13] Georges D. Chryssides notes that some articles "were opposed to orthodox medicine",[14] particularly against vaccinations,[15] theories about germs and the use of aluminum cooking utensils,[16] "and recommended alternative methods of health care and remedies".[14]

Awake! contains articles on general interest topics such as nature, geography, family life, and also the Bible and biblical history,[17] and is overseen by the Writing Committee of the Governing Body of Jehovah's Witnesses.[18] It has presented opinions of various medical conditions, including dementia,[19] stroke,[20] infectious diseases,[21] bipolar disorder,[22] and postpartum depression.[23] Many issues claim that mankind is living in the end times.

Distribution

The magazine is printed in nineteen countries.[24] Awake! has a worldwide circulation of 41,000,000 copies of each issue[25] and is available, in selected languages, online in various digital formats.[26]

The magazine is distributed by Jehovah's Witnesses in the course of their public ministry including door-to-door canvassing, approaching people in public places, given informally to acquaintances and professionals, or left as reading material in waiting areas.[27]

Cost

Until March 1990, Awake! was available for a small charge that varied over time and in different countries. For example, in the United States, the suggested donation per issue was $0.05 in 1950,[28] gradually increasing to $0.25 in 1989.[29] On January 17, 1990, the Supreme Court of the United States ruled against Jimmy Swaggart that sales of religious literature were subject to taxation, which introduced ambiguity into the formerly tax-free practice of suggesting a particular donation in exchange for the magazines. The Watch Tower Society supported Swaggart in the case, arguing that the perceived sale of religious literature should be exempt from taxation.[30]

From March 1, 1990, the magazines were made available at no cost, on a freewill donation basis in the United States, with the stated purpose of simplifying their Bible educational work and distinguishing themselves from those who commercialize religion.[31] An article in the May 1990 issue of Our Kingdom Ministry—a newsletter provided to members—stated that "there are growing pressures against all religious elements" and went on to say that their main concern was to move ahead in the worldwide preaching work, "without hindrance."[31]

The sale of Jehovah's Witnesses' literature was gradually phased out in other countries, and Awake! has been distributed free of charge worldwide since early 2000, its printing being funded by voluntary donations from Jehovah's Witnesses and members of the public.[32]

See also

References

  1. ^ Melton 2019.
  2. ^ Awake! No. 2 2020 issue, page 2
  3. ^ Chryssides 2008, pp. 140.
  4. ^ "Announcements". The Watchtower. February 15, 1952. p. 128.
  5. ^ Zoé Knox (2018). Jehovah's Witnesses and the Secular World: From the 1870s to the Present. Palgrave Macmillan Inc. p. 37.
  6. ^ Revelation—Its Grand Climax At Hand, pages 146–147
  7. ^ Watch Tower Publications, Watchtower Publications Index, 2008
  8. ^ Chryssides 2008, pp. 12.
  9. ^ "Why Awake! Is Published". Awake!. Watch Tower Society. October 8, 1995. p. 4.
  10. ^ "Why Awake! Is Published". Awake!. Watch Tower Society. November 8, 1995. p. 4.
  11. ^ Our Kingdom Ministry, March 2005, published by the Christian Congregation of Jehovah's Witnesses, "beginning with its January 2006 issue, Awake! will be published as a monthly magazine. This will result in considerable simplification in the preparation, translation, and shipping of our literature. This change will affect about 40 percent of the languages in which Awake! is published. In most languages, Awake! is already a monthly or a quarterly publication."
  12. ^ "Salutatory". The Golden Age. October 1, 1919. p. 4.
  13. ^ Knox 2018, pp. 37.
  14. ^ a b George D. Chryssides (2008). Historical Dictionary of Jehovah's Witnesses. The Scarecrow Press, Inc. p. 70.
  15. ^ George D. Chryssides (2008). Historical Dictionary of Jehovah's Witnesses. The Scarecrow Press, Inc. p. 133.
  16. ^ George D. Chryssides (2008). Historical Dictionary of Jehovah's Witnesses. The Scarecrow Press, Inc. p. 141.
  17. ^ "Awake!" October 2010 page.4
  18. ^ ""Do Not Tire Out"". The Watchtower. April 15, 2013. p. 30.
  19. ^ Awake!, September 22, 1998
  20. ^ Awake!, February 8, 1998
  21. ^ Awake!, July 22, 1999
  22. ^ Awake!, September 8, 2001
  23. ^ Awake!, March 8, 2003
  24. ^ The Watchtower, November 1, 2005, page 27
  25. ^ "The Watchtower—No Other Magazine Comes Close". JW.ORG. Retrieved 2021-01-14.
  26. ^ Jehovah's Witnesses website — Audio recordings and digital formats of magazines
  27. ^ "Question Box". Our Kingdom Ministry. March 1988. p. 4. Perhaps some back issues of the magazines could be distributed free when visiting nursing homes and hospitals. They could be left at Laundromats or in the lobbies of residential buildings where our work is restricted. However, good judgment should be exercised as to how many and how often magazines are left at one place.
  28. ^ "Publication details". The Watchtower. May 15, 1950. p. 4.
  29. ^ "Announcements". Our Kingdom Ministry. October 1989. p. 2.
  30. ^ Edmond C. Gruss (2003). The Four Presidents of the Watch Tower Society (Jehovah's Witnesses). Xulon Press. pp. 72–73.
  31. ^ a b "Use Our Literature Wisely". Our Kingdom Ministry. May 1990. p. 7. At the end of February 1990, it was explained that magazines and literature will be provided to publishers and to the interested public on a complete donation basis, that is, without asking or suggesting that a specific contribution be made as a precondition to receiving an item.
  32. ^ 2001 Yearbook of Jehovah's Witnesses. p. 18. Another factor in reaching more people with the good news has been the simplified literature distribution arrangement. ... The voluntary donation arrangement is explained to people, but no charge is made for the literature. As of January 2000, that arrangement was extended to all lands where it was not already in operation.

Sources

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