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Coordinates: Sky map 21h 53m 32s, +47° 16′ 06″
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[[File:IC 5146 from Herschel.jpg|thumb|left|View of the IC 5146 star-forming region from [[ESA]]'s [[Herschel Space Telescope]]]]
[[File:IC 5146 from Herschel.jpg|thumb|left|View of the IC 5146 star-forming region from [[ESA]]'s [[Herschel Space Telescope]]]]


IC 5146 is a stellar nursery where star-formation is ongoing. Observations by both the [[Spitzer Space Telescope]] and the [[Chandra X-ray Observatory]] have collectively identified hundreds of [[young stellar objects]].<ref name="HarveyHuard2008">{{cite journal|last1=Harvey|first1=Paul M.|last2=Huard|first2=Tracy L.|last3=Jørgensen|first3=Jes K.|last4=Gutermuth|first4=Robert A.|last5=Mamajek|first5=Eric E.|last6=Bourke|first6=Tyler L.|last7=Merín|first7=Bruno|last8=Cieza|first8=Lucas|last9=Brooke|first9=Tim|last10=Chapman|first10=Nicholas|last11=Alcalá|first11=Juan M.|last12=Allen|first12=Lori E.|author12-link=Lori Allen (astronomer)|last13=Evans II|first13=Neal J.|last14=Di Francesco|first14=James|last15=Kirk|first15=Jason M.|title=TheSpitzerSurvey of Interstellar Clouds in the Gould Belt. I. IC 5146 Observed With IRAC and MIPS|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=680|issue=1|year=2008|pages=495–516|issn=0004-637X|doi=10.1086/587687|bibcode=2008ApJ...680..495H|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="GetmanBroos2017">{{cite journal|last1=Getman|first1=Konstantin V.|last2=Broos|first2=Patrick S.|last3=Kuhn|first3=Michael A.|last4=Feigelson|first4=Eric D.|last5=Richert|first5=Alexander J. W.|last6=Ota|first6=Yosuke|last7=Bate|first7=Matthew R.|last8=Garmire|first8=Gordon P.|title=Star Formation In Nearby Clouds (SFiNCs): X-Ray and Infrared Source Catalogs and Membership|journal=The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series|volume=229|issue=2|year=2017|pages=28|issn=1538-4365|doi=10.3847/1538-4365/229/2/28|arxiv=1612.05282|bibcode=2017ApJS..229...28G|s2cid=59124520 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Young stars are seen in both the emission nebula, where gas has been ionized by massive young stars, and in the infrared-dark molecular cloud that forms the "tail". One of the most massive stars in the region is BD +46 3474, a star of class B1 that is an estimated 14±4 times the [[Solar mass|mass of the sun]].<ref name="WeidnerKroupa2005">{{cite journal|last1=Weidner|first1=Carsten|last2=Kroupa|first2=Pavel|title=The maximum stellar mass, star-cluster formation and composite stellar populations|journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society|volume=365|issue=4|year=2006|pages=1333–1347|issn=0035-8711|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.09824.x|arxiv=astro-ph/0511331|bibcode=2006MNRAS.365.1333W|s2cid=11688023}}</ref>
IC 5146 is a stellar nursery where star-formation is ongoing. Observations by both the [[Spitzer Space Telescope]] and the [[Chandra X-ray Observatory]] have collectively identified hundreds of [[young stellar objects]].<ref name="HarveyHuard2008">{{cite journal|last1=Harvey|first1=Paul M.|last2=Huard|first2=Tracy L.|last3=Jørgensen|first3=Jes K.|last4=Gutermuth|first4=Robert A.|last5=Mamajek|first5=Eric E.|last6=Bourke|first6=Tyler L.|last7=Merín|first7=Bruno|last8=Cieza|first8=Lucas|last9=Brooke|first9=Tim|last10=Chapman|first10=Nicholas|last11=Alcalá|first11=Juan M.|last12=Allen|first12=Lori E.|author12-link=Lori Allen (astronomer)|last13=Evans II|first13=Neal J.|last14=Di Francesco|first14=James|last15=Kirk|first15=Jason M.|title=TheSpitzerSurvey of Interstellar Clouds in the Gould Belt. I. IC 5146 Observed With IRAC and MIPS|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=680|issue=1|year=2008|pages=495–516|issn=0004-637X|doi=10.1086/587687|bibcode=2008ApJ...680..495H|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="GetmanBroos2017">{{cite journal|last1=Getman|first1=Konstantin V.|last2=Broos|first2=Patrick S.|last3=Kuhn|first3=Michael A.|last4=Feigelson|first4=Eric D.|last5=Richert|first5=Alexander J. W.|last6=Ota|first6=Yosuke|last7=Bate|first7=Matthew R.|last8=Garmire|first8=Gordon P.|title=Star Formation In Nearby Clouds (SFiNCs): X-Ray and Infrared Source Catalogs and Membership|journal=The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series|volume=229|issue=2|year=2017|pages=28|issn=1538-4365|doi=10.3847/1538-4365/229/2/28|arxiv=1612.05282|bibcode=2017ApJS..229...28G|s2cid=59124520 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Young stars are seen in both the emission nebula, where gas has been ionized by massive young stars, and in the infrared-dark molecular cloud that forms the "tail". One of the most massive stars in the region is BD +46 3474, a star of class B1 that is an estimated 14±4 times the [[Solar mass|mass of the sun]].<ref name="WeidnerKroupa2005">{{cite journal|last1=Weidner|first1=Carsten|last2=Kroupa|first2=Pavel|title=The maximum stellar mass, star-cluster formation and composite stellar populations|journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society|volume=365|issue=4|year=2006|pages=1333–1347|issn=0035-8711|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.09824.x|doi-access=free |arxiv=astro-ph/0511331|bibcode=2006MNRAS.365.1333W|s2cid=11688023}}</ref>
Another interesting star in the nebula is BD +46 3471, which is an example of a [[Herbig Ae/Be star|HAeBe star]], an intermediate mass star with strong emission lines in its spectrum.<ref name="Reipurth 2008 p. 108">{{cite book | last=Reipurth | first=Bo | title=Handbook of star forming regions | publisher=Astronomical Society of the Pacific | location=San Francisco | year=2008 | isbn=978-1-58381-670-7 }}</ref>
Another interesting star in the nebula is BD +46 3471, which is an example of a [[Herbig Ae/Be star|HAeBe star]], an intermediate mass star with strong emission lines in its spectrum.<ref name="Reipurth 2008 p. 108">{{cite book | last=Reipurth | first=Bo | title=Handbook of star forming regions | publisher=Astronomical Society of the Pacific | location=San Francisco | year=2008 | isbn=978-1-58381-670-7 }}</ref>

Latest revision as of 00:01, 23 August 2024

IC 5146
Reflection nebula
emission nebula
Optical image of IC 5146
Observation data: J2000 epoch
Right ascension21h 53m 28.7s
Declination+47° 16′ 01″
Distance2500±100[1] ly   (780±30 pc)
Apparent magnitude (V)+7.2
Apparent dimensions (V)12′
ConstellationCygnus
Physical characteristics
Radius7.5 ly
DesignationsCocoon Nebula, Caldwell 19, Sh 2-125, Cr 470
See also: Lists of nebulae

IC 5146 (also Caldwell 19, Sh 2-125, Barnard 168, and the Cocoon Nebula) is a reflection[2]/emission[3] nebula and Caldwell object in the constellation Cygnus. The NGC description refers to IC 5146 as a cluster of 9.5 mag stars involved in a bright and dark nebula. The cluster is also known as Collinder 470.[4] It shines at magnitude +10.0[5]/+9.3[3]/+7.2.[6] Its celestial coordinates are RA 21h 53.5m , dec +47° 16′. It is located near the naked-eye star Pi Cygni, the open cluster NGC 7209 in Lacerta, and the bright open cluster M39.[2][5] The cluster is about 4,000 ly away, and the central star that lights it formed about 100,000 years ago;[7] the nebula is about 12 arcmins across, which is equivalent to a span of 15 light years.[6]

When viewing IC 5146, dark nebula Barnard 168 (B168) is an inseparable part of the experience, forming a dark lane that surrounds the cluster and projects westward forming the appearance of a trail behind the Cocoon.


Young Stellar Objects

[edit]
View of the IC 5146 star-forming region from ESA's Herschel Space Telescope

IC 5146 is a stellar nursery where star-formation is ongoing. Observations by both the Spitzer Space Telescope and the Chandra X-ray Observatory have collectively identified hundreds of young stellar objects.[8][9] Young stars are seen in both the emission nebula, where gas has been ionized by massive young stars, and in the infrared-dark molecular cloud that forms the "tail". One of the most massive stars in the region is BD +46 3474, a star of class B1 that is an estimated 14±4 times the mass of the sun.[10]

Another interesting star in the nebula is BD +46 3471, which is an example of a HAeBe star, an intermediate mass star with strong emission lines in its spectrum.[11]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Kuhn, Michael A.; Hillenbrand, Lynne A.; Sills, Alison; Feigelson, Eric D.; Getman, Konstantin V. (2018). "Kinematics in Young Star Clusters and Associations with Gaia DR2". The Astrophysical Journal. 870 (1): 32. arXiv:1807.02115. Bibcode:2019ApJ...870...32K. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aaef8c. S2CID 119328315.
  2. ^ a b Eicher, David J. (1988). The Universe from Your Backyard: A Guide to Deep-Sky Objects from Astronomy Magazine. AstroMedia (Kalmbach Publishing Company). ISBN 0-521-36299-7.
  3. ^ a b Sanqunetti, Doug (2007). "IC 5146 - Cocoon Nebula". dougsastro.net. Retrieved 2008-08-06.[permanent dead link]
  4. ^ O'Meara, Stephen James: The Caldwell Objects, Sky Publishing Corporation ISBN 0-933346-97-2 page 80
  5. ^ a b Pasachoff, Jay M. (2000). "Atlas of the Sky". Stars and Planets. New York, NY: Peterson Field Guides. p. 578. ISBN 0-395-93432-X.
  6. ^ a b Cannistra, Steve (2004). "Cocoon Nebula". starrywonders.com. Retrieved 2008-08-06.
  7. ^ Nemiroff, R.; Bonnell, J., eds. (2002-10-14). "IC 5146: The Cocoon Nebula". Astronomy Picture of the Day. NASA. Retrieved 2008-08-06.
  8. ^ Harvey, Paul M.; Huard, Tracy L.; Jørgensen, Jes K.; Gutermuth, Robert A.; Mamajek, Eric E.; Bourke, Tyler L.; Merín, Bruno; Cieza, Lucas; Brooke, Tim; Chapman, Nicholas; Alcalá, Juan M.; Allen, Lori E.; Evans II, Neal J.; Di Francesco, James; Kirk, Jason M. (2008). "TheSpitzerSurvey of Interstellar Clouds in the Gould Belt. I. IC 5146 Observed With IRAC and MIPS". The Astrophysical Journal. 680 (1): 495–516. Bibcode:2008ApJ...680..495H. doi:10.1086/587687. ISSN 0004-637X.
  9. ^ Getman, Konstantin V.; Broos, Patrick S.; Kuhn, Michael A.; Feigelson, Eric D.; Richert, Alexander J. W.; Ota, Yosuke; Bate, Matthew R.; Garmire, Gordon P. (2017). "Star Formation In Nearby Clouds (SFiNCs): X-Ray and Infrared Source Catalogs and Membership". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 229 (2): 28. arXiv:1612.05282. Bibcode:2017ApJS..229...28G. doi:10.3847/1538-4365/229/2/28. ISSN 1538-4365. S2CID 59124520.
  10. ^ Weidner, Carsten; Kroupa, Pavel (2006). "The maximum stellar mass, star-cluster formation and composite stellar populations". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 365 (4): 1333–1347. arXiv:astro-ph/0511331. Bibcode:2006MNRAS.365.1333W. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.09824.x. ISSN 0035-8711. S2CID 11688023.
  11. ^ Reipurth, Bo (2008). Handbook of star forming regions. San Francisco: Astronomical Society of the Pacific. ISBN 978-1-58381-670-7.
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