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{{short description|Sixth queen consort of Hindu god Krishna}}
{{short description|Sixth queen consort of Hindu god Krishna}}
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{{use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
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{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox deity
{{Infobox deity
| image = Mysore painting.jpg
| image = Mysore painting.jpg
| caption = Mitravinda and the other Ashtabharya of Krishna.
| caption = Ashtabharya with [[Krishna]] - 19th Century [[Mysore painting]] depicting Krishna with his eight principal consorts
| spouse = [[Krishna]]
| spouse = [[Krishna]]
| type = Hindu
| type = Hindu
| abode = [[Dvaraka]]
| abode = [[Dvaraka]]
| other_names = Dwarkeshwari, Shaibya, Sudatta
| other_names = Dvarakeshvari, Shaibya, Sudatta
| dynasty = [[Yaduvanshi]] by marriage
| dynasty = [[Yadava]]msha (by marriage)
| texts = [[Vishnu Purana]], [[Mahabharata]], [[Harivamsa]], [[Bhagavata Purana]]
| texts = [[Vishnu Purana]], [[Harivamsa]], [[Bhagavata Purana]]
| affiliation = [[Ashtabharya]]
| affiliation = [[Ashtabharya]], [[Lakshmi]]
| father = Jayasena
| father = Jayasena
| mother = Rajadhidevi (sister of [[Vasudeva]])
| mother = Rajadhidevi (sister of [[Vasudeva]])
| siblings = Vindya and Anuvindya (brothers)
| siblings = Vindya and Anuvindya (brothers)
| member_of = [[Ashtabharya]]
| member_of = [[Ashtabharya]]
| children = Vrika, Harsha, Anila, Gridhra, Vardhana, Unnada, Mahamsa, Pavana, Vahni, and Kshudhi.
}}
}}
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'''Mitravinda''' is chronologically the sixth of the ''[[Ashtabharya]]''<ref>{{cite book | last = Mani | first = Vettam | title = Puranic Encyclopaedia: a Comprehensive Dictionary with Special Reference to the Epic and Puranic Literature | publisher = Motilal Banarsidass Publishers | year = 1975 <!-- | location = Delhi --> | isbn = 978-0-8426-0822-0 | author-link = Vettam Mani|page = 62}}</ref> of [[Hinduism|Hindu]] god [[Krishna]], an [[avatar]] of the god [[Vishnu]] and the king of [[Dvaraka]] - in the [[Dvapara Yuga]] (epoch).


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{{use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
==Family and names==
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{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
In the ''[[Bhagavata Purana]]'', Mitravinda is described as the daughter of King Jayasena of the kingdom of Avanti.

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'''Mitravinda''' ({{Lang-sa|मित्रविन्दा|translit=Mitravindā}}) is chronologically the sixth of the ''[[Ashtabharya]]''<ref>{{cite book | last = Mani | first = Vettam | title = Puranic Encyclopaedia: a Comprehensive Dictionary with Special Reference to the Epic and Puranic Literature | publisher = Motilal Banarsidass Publishers | year = 1975 <!-- | location = Delhi --> | isbn = 978-0-8426-0822-0 | author-link = Vettam Mani|page = 62}}</ref> of the [[Hinduism|Hindu]] god [[Krishna]], an [[avatar]] of the god [[Vishnu]], and the king of [[Dvaraka]] in the [[Dvapara Yuga]] (epoch).<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.wisdomlib.org |date=2017-04-28 |title=Mitravinda, Mitravindā, Mitra-vinda: 7 definitions |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/mitravinda |access-date=2022-11-08 |website=www.wisdomlib.org |language=en}}</ref>


==Etymology==
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Mitravinda was known by the epithet "the virtuous" and called as ''Shaibya'' or ''Shaivya'' (meaning daughter/descendant of King [[Shibi (king)|Shibi]]/Shivi) in the ''[[Vishnu Purana]]''. Ratnagarbha, a commentator on the ''Vishnu Purana'', identifies Mitravinda with [[Kalindi]], another chief queen of Krishna. In ''[[Harivamsa]]'', she is referred to as Sudatta, the daughter (or patrilineal descendant) of Shibi.<ref name="Wilson1870">{{cite book|author=Horace Hayman Wilson|title=The Vishńu Puráńa: a system of Hindu mythology and tradition|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_RO8oAAAAYAAJ|accessdate=22 February 2013|year=1870|publisher=Trübner|pages=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_RO8oAAAAYAAJ/page/n82 79]–82}}</ref> She was a very virtuous, noble and beautiful girl.<ref name=Krishna>{{Cite web|url=http://krsnabook.com/ch58.html|title=Five Ques married by Krishna|accessdate=25 January 2013|publisher=Krishnabook.com}}</ref> The ''Bhagavata Purana'' describes that she had two brothers Vinda (Vindya) and Anuvinda (Anuvindhya), who ruled Avanti as co-regents at the time of her wedding. They were comrades of [[Duryodhana]], the leader of the [[Kauravas]]. They were therefore opposed to the idea of Mitravinda marrying Krishna, since he had allied with the [[Pandavas]], Kunti's sons and rivals of the Kauravas.<ref name="Dikshitar1995">{{cite book|author=V. R. Ramachandra Dikshitar|title=The Purana Index|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z7bFwZhfSOsC&pg=PA705|accessdate=7 February 2013|year=1995|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-1273-4|pages=705–}}</ref><ref name="WagenaarParikh1993">{{cite book|author1=Henk W. Wagenaar|author2=S. S. Parikh|author3=D. F. Plukker|author4=R. Veldhuijzen van Zanten|title=Allied Chambers Transliterated HindiHindiEnglish Dictionary|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_kWROaer5UsC&pg=PA995|accessdate=7 February 2013|year=1993|publisher=Allied Publishers|isbn=978-81-86062-10-4|pages=995–}}</ref><ref name="Vallabhācārya2003">{{cite book|author=Vallabhācārya|title=Śrīsubodhinī|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1n7XAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=7 February 2013|year=2003|publisher=Sri Satguru Publications|isbn=978-81-7030-824-9}}</ref>
Mitravinda was known by the epithet "the virtuous" and called as ''Shaibya'' or ''Shaivya'' (meaning daughter/descendant of King [[Shibi (king)|Shibi]]/Shivi) in the ''[[Vishnu Purana]]''. Ratnagarbha, a commentator on the ''Vishnu Purana'', identifies Mitravinda with [[Kalindi]], another chief queen of Krishna. In ''[[Harivamsa]]'', she is referred to as Sudatta, the daughter (or patrilineal descendant) of Shibi.<ref name="Wilson1870">{{cite book|author=Horace Hayman Wilson|title=The Vishńu Puráńa: a system of Hindu mythology and tradition|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_RO8oAAAAYAAJ|accessdate=22 February 2013|year=1870|publisher=Trübner|pages=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_RO8oAAAAYAAJ/page/n82 79]–82}}</ref>


==Marriage==
==Family==
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In the ''[[Bhagavata Purana]]'', Mitravinda is described as the daughter of King Jayasena of the kingdom of Avanti. The ''Bhagavata Purana'' describes that she had two brothers Vinda (Vindya) and Anuvinda (Anuvindhya), who ruled Avanti as co-regents at the time of her wedding. They were comrades of [[Duryodhana]], the leader of the [[Kauravas]]. They were therefore opposed to the idea of Mitravinda marrying Krishna, since he had allied with the [[Pandavas]], Kunti's sons, and rivals of the Kauravas.<ref name="Dikshitar1995">{{cite book|author=V. R. Ramachandra Dikshitar|title=The Purana Index|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z7bFwZhfSOsC&pg=PA705|accessdate=7 February 2013|year=1995|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-1273-4|pages=705–}}</ref><ref name="WagenaarParikh1993">{{cite book|author1=Henk W. Wagenaar|author2=S. S. Parikh|author3=D. F. Plukker|author4=R. Veldhuijzen van Zanten|title=Allied Chambers Transliterated HindiHindiEnglish Dictionary|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_kWROaer5UsC&pg=PA995|accessdate=7 February 2013|year=1993|publisher=Allied Publishers|isbn=978-81-86062-10-4|pages=995–}}</ref><ref name="Vallabhācārya2003">{{cite book|author=Vallabhācārya|title=Śrīsubodhinī|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1n7XAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=7 February 2013|year=2003|publisher=Sri Satguru Publications|isbn=978-81-7030-824-9}}</ref>
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[[File: Krishna Abducts Mitravinda, Folio from a Bhagavata Purana (Ancient Stories of the Lord) LACMA AC1999.127.2.jpg|thumb|Krishna abducts Mitravinda.]]
== Marriage ==
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[[File: Krishna Abducts Mitravinda, Folio from a Bhagavata Purana (Ancient Stories of the Lord) LACMA AC1999.127.2.jpg|thumb|Krishna elopes with Mitravinda.|260x260px]]


The ''Bhagavata Purana'' records a short description of Mitravinda's marriage to Krishna. She chooses Krishna as her husband in a ''[[Swayamvara]]'' ceremony, in which a bride chooses a groom from assembled suitors. However, her brothers do not like it and forbid the marriage. They join forces with the Kauravas and fight Krishna. Krishna defeats the princes and takes Mitravinda away forcibly, as the other suitors keep looking.<ref name="chap10">{{cite web|url=http://vedabase.net/sb/10/58/en|title=Bhagavata Purana 10.58|author=Prabhupada|author-link=Prabhupada|publisher=[[Bhaktivedanta Book Trust]]|access-date=22 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130826143938/http://vedabase.net/sb/10/58/en|archive-date=26 August 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=Krishna/><ref name="WagenaarParikh1993"/> [[Vallabhacharya]]'s commentary on the ''Bhagavata Purana'' adds that Mitravinda and Krishna were deeply in love with each other, but her brothers and father were opposed to this and wanted Duryodhana for her husband. A svayamvara was arranged by her father for her to choose a husband. All the princes including Duryodhana were present for this competition. When Krishna came to know of this, he also came to the venue of the svayamvara and Mitravinda appraised Krishna of her problem and requested him to abduct her. Complying with her wishes, Krishna abducted her from the venue of the svayamavara. He was challenged by her brothers, Duryodhana and other princes who wanted to marry Mitravinda. Krishna defeated all of them and took Mitravinda to Dwaraka where he formally married her.<ref name="Vallabhācārya2003"/>
The ''Bhagavata Purana'' records a short description of Mitravinda's marriage to Krishna. She chooses Krishna as her husband in a ''[[Swayamvara|svayamvara]]'' ceremony, in which a bride chooses a groom from assembled suitors. However, her brothers do not like it and forbid the marriage. They join forces with the Kauravas and fight Krishna. Krishna defeats the princes and takes Mitravinda away, as the other suitors keep looking.<ref name="chap10">{{cite web|url=http://vedabase.net/sb/10/58/en|title=Bhagavata Purana 10.58|author=Prabhupada|author-link=Prabhupada|publisher=[[Bhaktivedanta Book Trust]]|access-date=22 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130826143938/http://vedabase.net/sb/10/58/en|archive-date=26 August 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Krishna">{{Cite web |title=Five Ques married by Krishna |url=http://krsnabook.com/ch58.html |accessdate=25 January 2013 |publisher=Krishnabook.com}}</ref><ref name="WagenaarParikh1993" /> [[Vallabhacharya]]'s commentary on the ''Bhagavata Purana'' adds that Mitravinda and Krishna were deeply in love with each other, but her brothers and father were opposed to this and wanted Duryodhana for her husband. A svayamvara was arranged by her father for her to choose a husband. All the princes including Duryodhana were present for this competition. When Krishna learned of this, he also came to the venue of the svayamvara and Mitravinda appraised Krishna of her problem and requested him to abduct her. Complying with her wishes, Krishna abducted her from the venue of the svayamavara. He was challenged by her brothers, Duryodhana and other princes who wanted to marry Mitravinda. Krishna defeated all of them and took Mitravinda to [[Dvārakā|Dvaraka]] where he formally married her.<ref name="Vallabhācārya2003" />


In another version, Krishna and his elder brother [[Balarama]] are described to be intentionally not invited for the svayamvara. Balarama was upset that they had been excluded from the marriage of their cousin Mitravinda. Balarama had also conveyed to Krishna that the svayamvara was a ruse as Vinda and Anuvinda wished to marry their sister to Duryodhana of the [[Kuru Kingdom|Kuru]] Empire. The marriage would forge an alliance between Kuru and Avanti and also garner the support of [[Vidarbha]] and [[Magadha]] Kingdoms, which make the Kauravas very powerful. Balarama told his younger brother to abduct Mitravinda as she loved Krishna. As Krishna was not sure of the love of Mitravinda, he took his younger sister [[Subhadra]] along with him to quietly ascertain the wish of Mirtravinda. After Subhadra confirmed Mitravinda's love for Krishna, Krishna and Balarama stormed the svayamvara venue and abducted Mitravinda, defeating the princes of Avanti, Duryodhana and other suitors.<ref name=Balarama>{{Cite web|url=http://www.protagonize.com/story/abhaya--random-order--final-scene/181321|title=Discussions at Dwaraka|accessdate=9 February 2013|publisher=Protagonize.com of TauntMedia.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112043643/http://www.protagonize.com/story/abhaya--random-order--final-scene/181321|archive-date=12 November 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>
In another version, Krishna and his elder brother, [[Balarama]], are described to be intentionally not invited for the svayamvara. Balarama was upset that they had been excluded from the marriage of their cousin Mitravinda. Balarama had also conveyed to Krishna that the svayamvara was a ruse as Vinda and Anuvinda wished to marry their sister to Duryodhana of the [[Kuru Kingdom|Kuru]] Empire. The marriage would forge an alliance between Kuru and Avanti and also garner the support of [[Vidarbha]] and [[Magadha]] Kingdoms, which make the Kauravas very powerful. Balarama told his younger brother to abduct Mitravinda as she loved Krishna. As Krishna was not sure of the love of Mitravinda, he took his younger sister [[Subhadra]] along with him to quietly ascertain the wish of Mirtravinda. After Subhadra confirmed Mitravinda's love for Krishna, Krishna and Balarama stormed the svayamvara venue and abducted Mitravinda, defeating the princes of Avanti, Duryodhana, and other suitors.<ref name="Balarama">{{Cite web|url=http://www.protagonize.com/story/abhaya--random-order--final-scene/181321|title=Discussions at Dwaraka|accessdate=9 February 2013|publisher=Protagonize.com of TauntMedia.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112043643/http://www.protagonize.com/story/abhaya--random-order--final-scene/181321|archive-date=12 November 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>


==Later life==
==Later life==
Krishna and his queens once visited [[Hastinapur]] to meet Kunti, her sons, the Pandavas and Pandavas's common wife [[Draupadi]]. As directed by Kunti, Draupadi worships and honours Mitravinda and other queens with gifts. Mitravinda also narrates to Draupadi how she married Krishna.<ref name="Dikshitar1995"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://vedabase.net/sb/10/71/41-42/en |title=Bhagavata Purana 10.71.41-42 |author=Prabhupada |author-link=Prabhupada |publisher=[[Bhaktivedanta Book Trust]] |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060911081829/http://vedabase.net/sb/10/71/41-42/en |archivedate=11 September 2006 |df= }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://vedabase.net/sb/10/83/en|title=Bhagavata Purana 10.83|author=Prabhupada|author-link=Prabhupada|publisher=[[Bhaktivedanta Book Trust]]|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018143932/http://vedabase.net/sb/10/83/en|archivedate=18 October 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
Krishna and his queens once visited [[Hastinapur|Hastinapura]] to meet Kunti, her sons, the Pandavas and Pandavas' main Queen consort [[Draupadi]]. As directed by Kunti, Draupadi worships and honours Mitravinda and other queens with gifts. Mitravinda also narrates to Draupadi how she married Krishna.<ref name="Dikshitar1995"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://vedabase.net/sb/10/71/41-42/en |title=Bhagavata Purana 10.71.41-42 |author=Prabhupada |author-link=Prabhupada |publisher=[[Bhaktivedanta Book Trust]] |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060911081829/http://vedabase.net/sb/10/71/41-42/en |archivedate=11 September 2006 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://vedabase.net/sb/10/83/en|title=Bhagavata Purana 10.83|author=Prabhupada|author-link=Prabhupada|publisher=[[Bhaktivedanta Book Trust]]|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018143932/http://vedabase.net/sb/10/83/en|archivedate=18 October 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref>


The ''Bhagavata Purana'' tells that Mitravinda had ten sons: Vrika, Harsha, Anila, Gridhra, Vardhana, Unnada, Mahamsa, Pavana, Vahni and Kshudhi.<ref name=Genealogy>{{Cite web|url=http://krsnabook.com/ch61.html|title=The Genealogical Table of the Family of Krishna|accessdate=5 February 2013|publisher= Krsnabook.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://vedabase.net/sb/10/61/16/en|title=Bhagavata Purana 10.61.16|author=Prabhupada|author-link=Prabhupada|publisher=[[Bhaktivedanta Book Trust]]|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101021034314/http://vedabase.net/sb/10/61/16/en|archivedate=21 October 2010|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The ''Vishnu Purana'' says that she has many sons headed by Sangramajit.<ref name="Wilson1870"/>
The ''Bhagavata Purana'' tells that Mitravinda had ten sons: Vrika, Harsha, Anila, Gridhra, Vardhana, Unnada, Mahamsa, Pavana, Vahni, and Kshudhi.<ref name=Genealogy>{{Cite web|url=http://krsnabook.com/ch61.html|title=The Genealogical Table of the Family of Krishna|accessdate=5 February 2013|publisher= Krsnabook.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://vedabase.net/sb/10/61/16/en|title=Bhagavata Purana 10.61.16|author=Prabhupada|author-link=Prabhupada|publisher=[[Bhaktivedanta Book Trust]]|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101021034314/http://vedabase.net/sb/10/61/16/en|archivedate=21 October 2010|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The ''Vishnu Purana'' says that she has many sons headed by Sangramajit.<ref name="Wilson1870"/>


The ''Bhagavata Purana'' records the wailing of Krishna's queens and their subsequent leap in Krishna's funeral pyre immolating themselves (see ''[[Sati (practice)|sati]]'').<ref>{{cite web|url=http://vedabase.net/sb/11/31/20/en |title=Bhagavata Purana 11.31.20 |author=Prabhupada |author-link=Prabhupada |publisher=[[Bhaktivedanta Book Trust]] |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100613194505/http://vedabase.net/sb/11/31/20/en |archivedate=13 June 2010 |df= }}</ref> The ''[[Mausala Parva]]'' of the Hindu epic ''[[Mahabharata]]'' which describes the death of Krishna and end of his race declares that Mitravinda (Shaivya) killed herself by burning alive after being attacked by robbers while leaving Dwarka after Krishna's funeral.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m16/m16007.htm|title=Mahabharata|accessdate=18 March 2013|publisher=Sacred-texts.com|author=Kisari Mohan Ganguli|author-link=Kisari Mohan Ganguli}}</ref>
The ''Bhagavata Purana'' records the wailing of Krishna's queens and their subsequent leap in Krishna's funeral pyre immolating themselves.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://vedabase.net/sb/11/31/20/en |title=Bhagavata Purana 11.31.20 |author=Prabhupada |author-link=Prabhupada |publisher=[[Bhaktivedanta Book Trust]] |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100613194505/http://vedabase.net/sb/11/31/20/en |archivedate=13 June 2010 }}</ref> The ''[[Mausala Parva]]'' of the Hindu epic ''[[Mahabharata]]'' which describes the death of Krishna and end of his race declares that Mitravinda (Shaivya) killed herself by burning alive after being attacked by robbers while leaving Dvaraka after Krishna's funeral.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m16/m16007.htm|title=Mahabharata|accessdate=18 March 2013|publisher=Sacred-texts.com|author=Kisari Mohan Ganguli|author-link=Kisari Mohan Ganguli}}</ref>


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 20:46, 16 September 2024

Mitravinda
Member of Ashtabharya
Mitravinda and the other Ashtabharya of Krishna.
Other namesDvarakeshvari, Shaibya, Sudatta
AffiliationAshtabharya, Lakshmi
AbodeDvaraka
TextsVishnu Purana, Harivamsa, Bhagavata Purana
Genealogy
Parents
  • Jayasena (father)
  • Rajadhidevi (sister of Vasudeva) (mother)
SiblingsVindya and Anuvindya (brothers)
SpouseKrishna
ChildrenVrika, Harsha, Anila, Gridhra, Vardhana, Unnada, Mahamsa, Pavana, Vahni, and Kshudhi.
DynastyYadavamsha (by marriage)

Mitravinda (Sanskrit: मित्रविन्दा, romanized: Mitravindā) is chronologically the sixth of the Ashtabharya[1] of the Hindu god Krishna, an avatar of the god Vishnu, and the king of Dvaraka in the Dvapara Yuga (epoch).[2]

Etymology

[edit]

Mitravinda was known by the epithet "the virtuous" and called as Shaibya or Shaivya (meaning daughter/descendant of King Shibi/Shivi) in the Vishnu Purana. Ratnagarbha, a commentator on the Vishnu Purana, identifies Mitravinda with Kalindi, another chief queen of Krishna. In Harivamsa, she is referred to as Sudatta, the daughter (or patrilineal descendant) of Shibi.[3]

Family

[edit]

In the Bhagavata Purana, Mitravinda is described as the daughter of King Jayasena of the kingdom of Avanti. The Bhagavata Purana describes that she had two brothers Vinda (Vindya) and Anuvinda (Anuvindhya), who ruled Avanti as co-regents at the time of her wedding. They were comrades of Duryodhana, the leader of the Kauravas. They were therefore opposed to the idea of Mitravinda marrying Krishna, since he had allied with the Pandavas, Kunti's sons, and rivals of the Kauravas.[4][5][6]

Marriage

[edit]
Krishna elopes with Mitravinda.

The Bhagavata Purana records a short description of Mitravinda's marriage to Krishna. She chooses Krishna as her husband in a svayamvara ceremony, in which a bride chooses a groom from assembled suitors. However, her brothers do not like it and forbid the marriage. They join forces with the Kauravas and fight Krishna. Krishna defeats the princes and takes Mitravinda away, as the other suitors keep looking.[7][8][5] Vallabhacharya's commentary on the Bhagavata Purana adds that Mitravinda and Krishna were deeply in love with each other, but her brothers and father were opposed to this and wanted Duryodhana for her husband. A svayamvara was arranged by her father for her to choose a husband. All the princes including Duryodhana were present for this competition. When Krishna learned of this, he also came to the venue of the svayamvara and Mitravinda appraised Krishna of her problem and requested him to abduct her. Complying with her wishes, Krishna abducted her from the venue of the svayamavara. He was challenged by her brothers, Duryodhana and other princes who wanted to marry Mitravinda. Krishna defeated all of them and took Mitravinda to Dvaraka where he formally married her.[6]

In another version, Krishna and his elder brother, Balarama, are described to be intentionally not invited for the svayamvara. Balarama was upset that they had been excluded from the marriage of their cousin Mitravinda. Balarama had also conveyed to Krishna that the svayamvara was a ruse as Vinda and Anuvinda wished to marry their sister to Duryodhana of the Kuru Empire. The marriage would forge an alliance between Kuru and Avanti and also garner the support of Vidarbha and Magadha Kingdoms, which make the Kauravas very powerful. Balarama told his younger brother to abduct Mitravinda as she loved Krishna. As Krishna was not sure of the love of Mitravinda, he took his younger sister Subhadra along with him to quietly ascertain the wish of Mirtravinda. After Subhadra confirmed Mitravinda's love for Krishna, Krishna and Balarama stormed the svayamvara venue and abducted Mitravinda, defeating the princes of Avanti, Duryodhana, and other suitors.[9]

Later life

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Krishna and his queens once visited Hastinapura to meet Kunti, her sons, the Pandavas and Pandavas' main Queen consort Draupadi. As directed by Kunti, Draupadi worships and honours Mitravinda and other queens with gifts. Mitravinda also narrates to Draupadi how she married Krishna.[4][10][11]

The Bhagavata Purana tells that Mitravinda had ten sons: Vrika, Harsha, Anila, Gridhra, Vardhana, Unnada, Mahamsa, Pavana, Vahni, and Kshudhi.[12][13] The Vishnu Purana says that she has many sons headed by Sangramajit.[3]

The Bhagavata Purana records the wailing of Krishna's queens and their subsequent leap in Krishna's funeral pyre immolating themselves.[14] The Mausala Parva of the Hindu epic Mahabharata which describes the death of Krishna and end of his race declares that Mitravinda (Shaivya) killed herself by burning alive after being attacked by robbers while leaving Dvaraka after Krishna's funeral.[15]

References

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  1. ^ Mani, Vettam (1975). Puranic Encyclopaedia: a Comprehensive Dictionary with Special Reference to the Epic and Puranic Literature. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers. p. 62. ISBN 978-0-8426-0822-0.
  2. ^ www.wisdomlib.org (28 April 2017). "Mitravinda, Mitravindā, Mitra-vinda: 7 definitions". www.wisdomlib.org. Retrieved 8 November 2022.
  3. ^ a b Horace Hayman Wilson (1870). The Vishńu Puráńa: a system of Hindu mythology and tradition. Trübner. pp. 79–82. Retrieved 22 February 2013.
  4. ^ a b V. R. Ramachandra Dikshitar (1995). The Purana Index. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 705–. ISBN 978-81-208-1273-4. Retrieved 7 February 2013.
  5. ^ a b Henk W. Wagenaar; S. S. Parikh; D. F. Plukker; R. Veldhuijzen van Zanten (1993). Allied Chambers Transliterated HindiHindiEnglish Dictionary. Allied Publishers. pp. 995–. ISBN 978-81-86062-10-4. Retrieved 7 February 2013.
  6. ^ a b Vallabhācārya (2003). Śrīsubodhinī. Sri Satguru Publications. ISBN 978-81-7030-824-9. Retrieved 7 February 2013.
  7. ^ Prabhupada. "Bhagavata Purana 10.58". Bhaktivedanta Book Trust. Archived from the original on 26 August 2013. Retrieved 22 February 2013.
  8. ^ "Five Ques married by Krishna". Krishnabook.com. Retrieved 25 January 2013.
  9. ^ "Discussions at Dwaraka". Protagonize.com of TauntMedia.com. Archived from the original on 12 November 2013. Retrieved 9 February 2013.
  10. ^ Prabhupada. "Bhagavata Purana 10.71.41-42". Bhaktivedanta Book Trust. Archived from the original on 11 September 2006.
  11. ^ Prabhupada. "Bhagavata Purana 10.83". Bhaktivedanta Book Trust. Archived from the original on 18 October 2012.
  12. ^ "The Genealogical Table of the Family of Krishna". Krsnabook.com. Retrieved 5 February 2013.
  13. ^ Prabhupada. "Bhagavata Purana 10.61.16". Bhaktivedanta Book Trust. Archived from the original on 21 October 2010.
  14. ^ Prabhupada. "Bhagavata Purana 11.31.20". Bhaktivedanta Book Trust. Archived from the original on 13 June 2010.
  15. ^ Kisari Mohan Ganguli. "Mahabharata". Sacred-texts.com. Retrieved 18 March 2013.
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