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{{Short description|Socialist newspaper in Madrid, Spain}}
{{Short description|Socialist newspaper in Madrid, Spain}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}}
{{Infobox newspaper
{{Infobox newspaper
| image = Portada el socialista 1938 julio 18 8837 1.jpg
| image = Portada el socialista 1938 julio 18 8837 1.jpg
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| website = {{URL|http://www.elsocialista.es/|elsocialista.es}}
| website = {{URL|http://www.elsocialista.es/|elsocialista.es}}
}}
}}
'''''El Socialista''''' is a [[Spanish language]] socialist newspaper published in Madrid, Spain. The paper is the organ of the [[Spanish Socialist Workers' Party]] (PSOE).<ref>{{cite news|author=Alejandro López|title=Spanish mayor desecrates mausoleum of fascist victims|url=http://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2011/08/spai-a17.html|accessdate=24 February 2015|work=World Socialist Web Site|date=17 August 2011}}</ref>
'''''El Socialista''''' is a socialist newspaper published in Madrid, Spain. The paper is the organ of the [[Spanish Socialist Workers' Party]] (PSOE).<ref>{{cite news|author=Alejandro López|title=Spanish mayor desecrates mausoleum of fascist victims|work=World Socialist Web Site
|url=http://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2011/08/spai-a17.html|access-date=24 February 2015|date=17 August 2011}}</ref>


==History and profile==
==History and profile==
''El Socialista'' was established by [[Pablo Iglesias Posse|Pablo Iglesias]], founder of the PSOE, in Madrid on 12 March 1886.<ref name=davo>{{cite book|author=David Ortiz|title=Paper Liberals: Press and Politics in Restoration Spain|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-5iFXgcllXoC&pg=PA58|date=2000|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group
''El Socialista'' was established by [[Pablo Iglesias Posse|Pablo Iglesias]], founder of the PSOE, in Madrid,<ref>{{cite journal|author=Primitivo R. Sanjurjo|title=Socialism in Spain|journal=[[Current History]]|date=November 1923|volume=19|issue=2|pages=237–244|jstor=45327311|s2cid=249071075
|isbn=978-0-313-31216-8|page=58|location=Westport, CT; London}}</ref><ref>{{cite document|title=El socialista órgano del Partido Socialista Obrero|url=http://search.library.wisc.edu/catalog/ocm32364296|publisher=University of Wisconsin-Madison Libraries|access-date=24 February 2015}}</ref> The paper is owned and published by the PSOE and its union, [[Union General de Trabajadores]] (UGT).<ref name=lau>{{cite book|author=Laura Desfor Edles|title=Symbol and Ritual in the New Spain: The Transition to Democracy After Franco|location=Cambridge, UK|isbn=978-0-521-62885-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k4sgEOcbKbUC&pg=PA158|date=1998|publisher=Cambridge University Press|page=158}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Union General de Trabajadores (UGT)|url=http://spartacus-educational.com/SPugt.htm|publisher=Spartacus Educational|access-date=24 February 2015}}</ref> The headquarters of the paper is in Madrid.<ref>{{cite book|author=Gabriel Jackson|title=Spanish Republic and the Civil War, 1931-1939|isbn=978-1-4008-2018-4|page=555|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vpOwwZWGtBcC&pg=PA555|date=5 May 2012|publisher=Princeton University Press
|doi=10.1525/curh.1923.19.2.237}}</ref> and the first issue appeared on 12 March 1886.<ref name=davo>{{cite book|author=David Ortiz|title=Paper Liberals: Press and Politics in Restoration Spain|isbn=978-0-313-31216-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-5iFXgcllXoC&pg=PA58|year=2000
|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|page=58|location=Westport, CT; London}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=El socialista órgano del Partido Socialista Obrero|url=http://search.library.wisc.edu/catalog/ocm32364296|publisher=University of Wisconsin-Madison Libraries|access-date=24 February 2015}}</ref> The paper is owned and published by the PSOE and its union, [[Union General de Trabajadores]] (UGT).<ref name=lau>{{cite book
|author=Laura Desfor Edles|title=Symbol and Ritual in the New Spain: The Transition to Democracy After Franco|isbn=978-0-521-62885-3|year=1998
|location=Cambridge|page=158|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k4sgEOcbKbUC&pg=PA158}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Union General de Trabajadores (UGT)|publisher=Spartacus Educational|url=http://spartacus-educational.com/SPugt.htm|access-date=24 February 2015}}</ref> The headquarters of the paper is in Madrid.<ref>{{cite book|author=Gabriel Jackson|title=Spanish Republic and the Civil War, 1931-1939|isbn=978-1-4008-2018-4|page=555|year=2012|author-link=Gabriel Jackson (Hispanist)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vpOwwZWGtBcC&pg=PA555|publisher=[[Princeton University Press]]|location=Princeton, NJ}}</ref>
|location=Princeton, NJ}}</ref> It was started as a two-page publication.<ref>{{cite book|author=Víctor Alba|title=The Communist Party in Spain|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H0ydA3137WQC&pg=PA115|date=1983|publisher=Transaction Publishers|isbn=978-1-4128-1999-2|page=115|location=New Brunswick, NJ}}</ref> In 1913 the paper began to be published daily.<ref name=davo/> [[Miguel Unamuno]] was among the early contributors.<ref name=davo/> Enrique Angulo, son-in-law of socialist politician [[Ramón Lamoneda]], served as the director of the paper.<ref>{{cite book|author=Patricia Weiss Fagen|title=Exiles and Citizens. Spanish Republicans in Mexico|date=1973|publisher=University of Texas Press|page=123|location=Austin, TX|isbn=9781477301685|doi=10.7560/720022|url=https://doi.org/10.7560/720022}}</ref>


It was started as a two-page publication.<ref>{{cite book|author=Víctor Alba|title=The Communist Party in Spain|location=New Brunswick, NJ
⚫
''El Socialista'' was published weekly in the early 1970s.<ref>{{cite web|title=El socialista|url=https://www.loc.gov/item/sn2006058021/|publisher=Library of Congress|access-date=5 September 2021}}</ref> The paper was closed during the rule of [[Francisco Franco]].<ref name=lau/> However, ''El Socialista'' continued its publication clandestinely in that period.<ref>{{cite journal|author=James Burns|title=The wrinkled new face of Spain|journal=Index on Censorship |date=1977|volume=6|issue=3|page=5|doi=10.1080/03064227708532644}}</ref> In 1978 it resumed publication.<ref name=lau/>
|page=115|year=1983|publisher=Transaction Publishers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H0ydA3137WQC&pg=PA115|isbn=978-1-4128-1999-2}}</ref> In 1913 the paper began to be published daily.<ref name=davo/> In December 1935 the control of the paper was taken by the centrist group within the PSOE led by [[Indalecio Prieto]] as a result of the resignation of [[Francisco Largo Caballero]] from the presidency of the party.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Sandra Souto Kustrín|title=Taking the Street: Workers' Youth Organizations and Political Conflict in the Spanish Second Republic
|page=148|journal=[[European History Quarterly]]|doi=10.1177/0265691404042505|s2cid=144078009|date=April 2004|volume=34|issue=2}}</ref>

⚫
''El Socialista'' was published weekly in the early 1970s.<ref>{{cite web|title=El socialista|publisher=[[Library of Congress]]|access-date=5 September 2021|url=https://www.loc.gov/item/sn2006058021/}}</ref> The paper was closed during the rule of [[Francisco Franco]].<ref name=lau/> However, ''El Socialista'' continued its publication clandestinely in that period.<ref>{{cite journal|author=James Burns|title=The wrinkled new face of Spain|journal=[[Index on Censorship]]|year=1977|volume=6|issue=3|page=5|doi=10.1080/03064227708532644|s2cid=144407982|doi-access=free}}</ref> In 1978 it resumed its regular publication.<ref name=lau/>


The paper is currently published monthly, while its online edition is active every day.
The paper is currently published monthly, while its online edition is active every day.


==Contributors and editors==
==See also==
[[Miguel Unamuno]] and [[Santiago Carrillo]] were among the early contributors.<ref name=davo/><ref name=ruiz/> The paper was first directed by its founder Pablo Iglesias who held the post until 1913 when Mariano García Cortes began to edit it.<ref name=edmo>{{cite news|author=Eduardo Montagut
*[[List of newspapers in Spain]]
|title=Los inicios de El Socialista|work=El Obrero|url=https://elobrero.es/textos-historicos-obreros/88492-los-inicios-de-el-socialista.html
|access-date=2 August 2022|language=es|date=20 May 2022}}</ref> In 1914 [[Eduardo Torralba Beci]] was appointed editor-in-chief of ''El Socialista'', replacing Cortes in the post.<ref name=edmo/><ref>{{cite book|author=Paul Heywood|title=Marxism and the Failure of Organised Socialism in Spain, 1879-1936|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2003|isbn=978-0-521-53056-9|location=Cambridge|page=32
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VsfQfYk8iVgC&pg=PA32|author-link=Paul Heywood}}</ref> Torralba served in the post for one year, and Pablo Iglesias retook the paper and edited it until his death in 1925.<ref name=edmo/>

Enrique Angulo, son-in-law of the socialist politician [[Ramón Lamoneda]], also served as the director of the paper.<ref>{{cite book|year=1973
|author=Patricia Weiss Fagen|title=Exiles and Citizens. Spanish Republicans in Mexico|publisher=University of Texas Press|page=123
|doi=10.7560/720022|location=Austin, TX|isbn=9781477301685|url=https://doi.org/10.7560/720022}}</ref> Another director was Andrés Saborit.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Francisco Javier Rodriguez Jimenez|title=Trade Unionism and Spain-Us Political Relations, 1945-1953|year=2016|volume=15
|journal=Ventunesimo Secolo|issue=8|page=105|doi=10.3280/XXI2016-038006}}</ref> In the mid-1930s the editor was [[Julián Zugazagoitia]].<ref name=ruiz>{{cite journal|author=Julius Ruiz|title=Defending the Republic: The García Atadell Brigade in Madrid, 1936|journal=[[Journal of Contemporary History]]|doi=10.1177/0022009407071625|s2cid=159559553|year=2007|volume=42|issue=1|page=100}}</ref>

==Content and circulation==
''El Socialista'' did not show enthusiasm about the [[Russian Revolution|communist revolution]] in Russia in 1917.<ref name="ppaul">{{cite journal|author=Paul Preston|title=The Origins of the Socialist Schism in Spain, 1917-31|page=103|issue=1|journal=Journal of Contemporary History
|date=January 1977|doi=10.1177/002200947701200105|volume=12|s2cid=162423505|author-link=Paul Preston}}</ref> It even argued that the revolution was a departure from the significant obligation of [[Russian Empire|Russia]] to defeat the [[German Empire]].<ref name=ppaul/> The first supportive article about the revolution appeared in March 1918.<ref>{{cite book|author=Paul Kennedy|title=The Spanish Socialist Party and the modernisation of Spain|year=2013|publisher=[[Manchester University Press]]|location=Manchester; New York|isbn=9781526102898|page=17|author-link=Paul Kennedy |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt18mvk68}}</ref> In the early 1930s ''El Socialista'' criticized the [[New Deal]] economic program of the USA.<ref>{{cite journal|author=María Luz Arroyo Vázquez|year=2005|volume=3|title=European views of the New Deal: The case of Spain|doi=10.1080/14794010608656827|journal=[[Journal of Transatlantic Studies]]|issue=2|page=229|s2cid=189946599 }}</ref> With the rise of conservatism in Spain from 1933 the paper became one of the opposition publications criticizing the government.<ref>{{cite thesis|author=Grant Daryl Moss|title=Political poetry in the wake of the Second Spanish Republic: Rafael Alberti, Pablo Neruda, and Nicolás Guillén|page=33|degree=MA
|url=https://www.proquest.com/openview/a27a4c93bd716a815b7530b012531914/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750|location=[[Ohio State University]]
|year=2010}}</ref> Immediately after [[World War II]] ''El Socialista'' adopted an anti-Communist political stance and reported the political tenets of the PSOE.<ref name=dario>{{cite journal|author=Dario Migliucci|title=East conflict (1947–57): The portrayal of Israelis and Arabs in the Spanish left-wing press|journal=Journal of Israeli History|year=2019|volume=37|s2cid=197820300|doi=10.1080/13531042.2019.1623539|issue=1
|pages=90,94,96}}</ref> In the 1940s and 1950s it supported the [[Zionism|Zionist]] causes and was an ardent critic of the [[Arabs]] who were portrayed in a negative manner.<ref name=dario/> It also considered Egypt as "a miserable country."<ref name=dario/>

In 1949 ''El Socialista'' sold only 8,000 copies.<ref name=dario/>


==References==
==References==
Line 49: Line 73:


==External links==
==External links==
* [http://www.elsocialista.es/ Official website]
*{{Official website|http://www.elsocialista.es/}}
*{{Commons-inline}}
*{{Commons-inline}}
{{Spanish Socialist Workers' Party|state=collapsed}}
{{Spanish Socialist Workers' Party|state=collapsed}}


{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Socialista}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Socialista}}
[[Category:1886 establishments in Spain]]
[[Category:1886 establishments in Spain]]
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[[Category:Monthly newspapers]]
[[Category:Monthly newspapers]]
[[Category:Newspapers published in Madrid]]
[[Category:Newspapers published in Madrid]]
[[Category:Publications established in 1886]]
[[Category:Newspapers established in 1886]]
[[Category:Socialist newspapers]]
[[Category:Socialist newspapers]]
[[Category:Spanish-language newspapers]]
[[Category:Spanish-language newspapers]]
[[Category:Spanish Socialist Workers' Party]]
[[Category:Spanish Socialist Workers' Party]]
[[Category:Weekly newspapers published in Spain]]
[[Category:Weekly newspapers published in Spain]]
[[Category:Banned newspapers]]
[[Category:Censorship in Spain]]

Latest revision as of 17:33, 4 October 2023

El Socialista
Front page dated 18 July 1938
TypeMonthly newspaper
Owner(s)Spanish Socialist Workers' Party
Founder(s)Pablo Iglesias
Founded12 March 1886; 138 years ago (1886-03-12)
Political alignmentSocialist
LanguageSpanish
HeadquartersMadrid
CountrySpain
ISSN0210-4725
Websiteelsocialista.es

El Socialista is a socialist newspaper published in Madrid, Spain. The paper is the organ of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE).[1]

History and profile

[edit]

El Socialista was established by Pablo Iglesias, founder of the PSOE, in Madrid,[2] and the first issue appeared on 12 March 1886.[3][4] The paper is owned and published by the PSOE and its union, Union General de Trabajadores (UGT).[5][6] The headquarters of the paper is in Madrid.[7]

It was started as a two-page publication.[8] In 1913 the paper began to be published daily.[3] In December 1935 the control of the paper was taken by the centrist group within the PSOE led by Indalecio Prieto as a result of the resignation of Francisco Largo Caballero from the presidency of the party.[9]

El Socialista was published weekly in the early 1970s.[10] The paper was closed during the rule of Francisco Franco.[5] However, El Socialista continued its publication clandestinely in that period.[11] In 1978 it resumed its regular publication.[5]

The paper is currently published monthly, while its online edition is active every day.

Contributors and editors

[edit]

Miguel Unamuno and Santiago Carrillo were among the early contributors.[3][12] The paper was first directed by its founder Pablo Iglesias who held the post until 1913 when Mariano García Cortes began to edit it.[13] In 1914 Eduardo Torralba Beci was appointed editor-in-chief of El Socialista, replacing Cortes in the post.[13][14] Torralba served in the post for one year, and Pablo Iglesias retook the paper and edited it until his death in 1925.[13]

Enrique Angulo, son-in-law of the socialist politician Ramón Lamoneda, also served as the director of the paper.[15] Another director was Andrés Saborit.[16] In the mid-1930s the editor was Julián Zugazagoitia.[12]

Content and circulation

[edit]

El Socialista did not show enthusiasm about the communist revolution in Russia in 1917.[17] It even argued that the revolution was a departure from the significant obligation of Russia to defeat the German Empire.[17] The first supportive article about the revolution appeared in March 1918.[18] In the early 1930s El Socialista criticized the New Deal economic program of the USA.[19] With the rise of conservatism in Spain from 1933 the paper became one of the opposition publications criticizing the government.[20] Immediately after World War II El Socialista adopted an anti-Communist political stance and reported the political tenets of the PSOE.[21] In the 1940s and 1950s it supported the Zionist causes and was an ardent critic of the Arabs who were portrayed in a negative manner.[21] It also considered Egypt as "a miserable country."[21]

In 1949 El Socialista sold only 8,000 copies.[21]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Alejandro López (17 August 2011). "Spanish mayor desecrates mausoleum of fascist victims". World Socialist Web Site. Retrieved 24 February 2015.
  2. ^ Primitivo R. Sanjurjo (November 1923). "Socialism in Spain". Current History. 19 (2): 237–244. doi:10.1525/curh.1923.19.2.237. JSTOR 45327311. S2CID 249071075.
  3. ^ a b c David Ortiz (2000). Paper Liberals: Press and Politics in Restoration Spain. Westport, CT; London: Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 58. ISBN 978-0-313-31216-8.
  4. ^ "El socialista órgano del Partido Socialista Obrero". University of Wisconsin-Madison Libraries. Retrieved 24 February 2015.
  5. ^ a b c Laura Desfor Edles (1998). Symbol and Ritual in the New Spain: The Transition to Democracy After Franco. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 158. ISBN 978-0-521-62885-3.
  6. ^ "Union General de Trabajadores (UGT)". Spartacus Educational. Retrieved 24 February 2015.
  7. ^ Gabriel Jackson (2012). Spanish Republic and the Civil War, 1931-1939. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. p. 555. ISBN 978-1-4008-2018-4.
  8. ^ Víctor Alba (1983). The Communist Party in Spain. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers. p. 115. ISBN 978-1-4128-1999-2.
  9. ^ Sandra Souto Kustrín (April 2004). "Taking the Street: Workers' Youth Organizations and Political Conflict in the Spanish Second Republic". European History Quarterly. 34 (2): 148. doi:10.1177/0265691404042505. S2CID 144078009.
  10. ^ "El socialista". Library of Congress. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
  11. ^ James Burns (1977). "The wrinkled new face of Spain". Index on Censorship. 6 (3): 5. doi:10.1080/03064227708532644. S2CID 144407982.
  12. ^ a b Julius Ruiz (2007). "Defending the Republic: The García Atadell Brigade in Madrid, 1936". Journal of Contemporary History. 42 (1): 100. doi:10.1177/0022009407071625. S2CID 159559553.
  13. ^ a b c Eduardo Montagut (20 May 2022). "Los inicios de El Socialista". El Obrero (in Spanish). Retrieved 2 August 2022.
  14. ^ Paul Heywood (2003). Marxism and the Failure of Organised Socialism in Spain, 1879-1936. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 32. ISBN 978-0-521-53056-9.
  15. ^ Patricia Weiss Fagen (1973). Exiles and Citizens. Spanish Republicans in Mexico. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press. p. 123. doi:10.7560/720022. ISBN 9781477301685.
  16. ^ Francisco Javier Rodriguez Jimenez (2016). "Trade Unionism and Spain-Us Political Relations, 1945-1953". Ventunesimo Secolo. 15 (8): 105. doi:10.3280/XXI2016-038006.
  17. ^ a b Paul Preston (January 1977). "The Origins of the Socialist Schism in Spain, 1917-31". Journal of Contemporary History. 12 (1): 103. doi:10.1177/002200947701200105. S2CID 162423505.
  18. ^ Paul Kennedy (2013). The Spanish Socialist Party and the modernisation of Spain. Manchester; New York: Manchester University Press. p. 17. ISBN 9781526102898.
  19. ^ María Luz Arroyo Vázquez (2005). "European views of the New Deal: The case of Spain". Journal of Transatlantic Studies. 3 (2): 229. doi:10.1080/14794010608656827. S2CID 189946599.
  20. ^ Grant Daryl Moss (2010). Political poetry in the wake of the Second Spanish Republic: Rafael Alberti, Pablo Neruda, and Nicolás Guillén (MA thesis). Ohio State University. p. 33.
  21. ^ a b c d Dario Migliucci (2019). "East conflict (1947–57): The portrayal of Israelis and Arabs in the Spanish left-wing press". Journal of Israeli History. 37 (1): 90, 94, 96. doi:10.1080/13531042.2019.1623539. S2CID 197820300.
[edit]
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