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{{short description|Second highest award for individual gallantry in Bangladesh}}
⚫
{{Infobox military award
⚫
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2021}}
|name=Bir Uttom
⚫
{{Infobox award
⚫
|image=Bir Uttom ribbon bar.svg
|name=Bir Uttom <br/>[[File:Bir Uttom ribbon.svg|95px]]
⚫
|image_size = 100px
|image=
⚫
|image_size = 100px
|caption=
|caption=
|awarded_by=[[Bangladesh]]
|presenter=[[Bangladesh]]
|type= Medal
|type= Military medal
|eligibility= All citizen of Bangladesh including forces at liberation war 1971<ref>{{cite web |title=Bir Uttom Medal |url=https://www.army.mil.bd/Medal-Gallery |website=army.mil.bd |publisher=[[Bangladesh Army]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241119172353/https://www.army.mil.bd/Medal-Gallery |archive-date=19 November 2024 }}</ref>
|eligibility=2nd Highest Gallantry Award of Bangladesh
|for= Brave warrior of the [[Liberation War of Bangladesh]] in 1971
|awarded_for= Brave warrior of the [[Liberation War of Bangladesh]] in 1971
|status= 15 December 1973
|status= 15 December 1973
|description=The second highest award for individual gallantry in [[Bangladesh]]
|description=The second highest award for individual gallantry in [[Bangladesh]]
|clasps=
|clasps=
|established=1973
|established=1973
|first_award=15 December 1973
|firstawarded=15 December 1973
|lastawarded=22 April 2010
|last_award=15 December 1973
|total=69
|total_awarded=69
|total_awarded_posthumously=22
|posthumous=22
|total_recipients=69
|recipients=69
|individual=
|individual=
|higher=[[Bir Shrestho]]
|higher=[[Bir Shrestho]]
|same=
|same=[[Bir Mrittunjoee]]
|lower=[[Bir Bikrom]]
|lower=[[Bir Bikrom]]
⚫
|image2=[[File:Bir Uttom ribbon bar.svg|70px]]
|image2=
|caption2=
|caption2=
}}
}}


'''Bir Uttom''' ({{lang-bn|বীর উত্তম|lit=Great Valiant Hero}}) is the second highest award for individual gallantry in [[Bangladesh]] after the [[Bir Sreshtho]] and the highest gallantry award for a living individual.<ref>{{cite news |title=Miscreants damage Zia's grave decor |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/politics/miscreants-damage-zia%E2%80%99s-grave-decor-79917 |newspaper=The Daily Star |accessdate=26 June 2015}}</ref>
'''Bir Uttom''' ({{langx|bn|বীর উত্তম|lit=Great Valiant Hero}}) is the second highest award for individual gallantry in [[Bangladesh]] after the [[Bir Sreshtho]] and the highest gallantry award for a living individual.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2015-04-30|title=Miscreants damage Zia's grave decor|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/politics/miscreants-damage-zia%E2%80%99s-grave-decor-79917|access-date=2021-11-22|website=The Daily Star|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211122234006/https://www.thedailystar.net/politics/miscreants-damage-zia%E2%80%99s-grave-decor-79917 |archive-date=22 November 2021 |language=en}}</ref>


Since the independence of Bangladesh in 1971, 69 people have been awarded the Bir Uttom. <ref>{{cite book|title=Bangladesh Government Gazettes|date=15 December 1973|publisher=Ministry of Defense, Government of Bangladesh|location=Dhaka|page=Gazettes No-8/25/D-1/72-1378}}</ref>
Since the independence of Bangladesh in 1971, 69 people have been awarded the Bir Uttom.<ref>{{cite book|title=Bangladesh Government Gazettes|date=15 December 1973|publisher=Ministry of Defense, Government of Bangladesh|location=Dhaka|page=Gazettes No-8/25/D-1/72-1378}}</ref>


==Recipients==
==Recipients==
This award was declared on 15 December 1973. A total of 68 people have been rewarded for their bravery and dedication in the liberation war of Bangladesh in 1971.
This award was declared on 15 December 1973. A total of 67 people have been rewarded for their bravery and dedication in the liberation war of Bangladesh in 1971.


[[Lieutenant]] [[G. M. Mushfiqur Rahman]] Bir Uttam (1966–1989) was posted in 1 Field Artillery Regiment of Bangladesh Army in the Chittagong Hill Tracts. On 8 September 1989, he led a 17-member team of Bangladesh Army soldiers and attacked a terrorist Shanti Bahini camp. Lieutenant Rahman was injured during the clash and he died on 8 September 1989 at 8.15 am. He was posthumously awarded Bir Uttom award.<ref>Major General (Retired) Syed Muhammad Ibrahim " Chittagong Hill Tract Peace Process and Situation Analysis (Bengali Book)</ref>
⚫
In April 2010, [[Brigadier General]] [[Jamil Uddin Ahmad]] was posthumously conferred with the Bir Uttom for being the only army officer present and who was killed while trying to counter the successful [[Assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman|assassination]] attempt on Prime Minister [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]] on 15 August 1975.

⚫
In April 2010, [[Brigadier General]] [[Jamil Uddin Ahmad]] was posthumously conferred with the Bir Uttom for being the only army officer present and who was killed while trying to counter the successful [[Assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman|assassination]] attempt on President [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]] on 15 August 1975.


The following list has been prepared from the Bangladesh Gazette of 15 December 1973:
The following list has been prepared from the Bangladesh Gazette of 15 December 1973:
Line 40: Line 44:
! Sl. no.
! Sl. no.
! ID no.
! ID no.
! Rank (At the time of the award)
! Rank (At the time of the award)
! NAME
! NAME
|-
|-
Line 50: Line 54:
| 02
| 02
| B.R.R.-1550
| B.R.R.-1550
| [[Lieutenant Colonel]]
| [[Lieutenant colonel]]
| [[M. A. Rab|Md. A. Rob]], M.N.A.
| [[M. A. Rab|Md. A. Rob]], M.N.A.
|-
|-
| 03
| 03
| B.A.-5121
| B.A.-5121
| [[Major]]
| [[Major (rank)|Major]]
| [[Shafiullah|K. M. Shafiullah]]
| [[Shafiullah|K. M. Shafiullah]]
|-
|-
Line 91: Line 95:
| B.A.-182
| B.A.-182
| Major
| Major
| A.J.M Aminul Haque
| [[A. J. M. Aminul Haque]]
|-
|-
| 11
| 11
Line 101: Line 105:
| B.A.-7210
| B.A.-7210
| Major
| Major
| Rafiqul Islam
| [[Rafiqul Islam (Bangladeshi politician)|Rafiqul Islam]]
|-
|-
| 13
| 13
| B.S.S.-7704
| B.S.S.-7704
| Captain
| Captain
| Abdus Salek Choudhury
|[[Abdus Salek Choudhury]]
|-
|-
| 14
| 14
⚫
| B.A.-7335
| Major
| Mohammad Rafiqul Islam
⚫
|-
| 15
| -
| -
| Leader Gonobahini
| Leader Gonobahini
| [[Khwaja Nizamuddin Bhuyan]] ([[Shahid|Shaheed]])
| [[Khwaja Nizamuddin Bhuyan]] ([[Shahid|Shaheed]])
|-
|-
| 16
| 15
| B.A.-7942
| B.A.-7942
| Captain
| Captain
| Harun Ahmed Choudhury
|[[Harun Ahmed Choudhury]]
|-
|-
| 17
| 16
| B.S.S.-8544
| B.S.S.-8544
| Major
| Major
| [[Abu Taher Mohammad Haider|A.T.M. Haider]]
| [[Abu Taher Mohammad Haider|A.T.M. Haider]]
|-
|-
| 18
| 17
| B.S.S.-10012
| B.S.S.-10012
| Captain
| Captain
| M.A. Gaffar Haldar
|[[M. A. Gaffar Haldar|M.A. Gaffar Haldar]]
|-
|-
| 19
| 18
| B.A.-10170
| B.A.-10170
| Major
| Major
| [[Shariful Haque Dalim]]
| [[Shariful Haque Dalim]]
|-
|-
| 20
| 19
| B.A.-11521
| B.A.-11521
| Captain
| Captain
| [[Shahjahan Omar|Mohammad Shahjahan]]
| [[Shahjahan Omar|Mohammad Shahjahan]]
|-
|-
| 21
| 20
| B.A.-11562
| B.A.-11562
| Captain
| Captain
| Mahbubur Rahman
|[[Mahbubur Rahman (officer)|Mahbubur Rahman]]
|-
|-
| 22
| 21
| B.A.-6489
| B.A.-6489
| Major
| Major
| [[Mohammad Ziauddin]]
|[[Mohammad Ziauddin (Military Officer)|Mohammad Ziauddin]]
|-
|-
| 23
| 22
| B.A.-10561
| B.A.-10561
| Captain
| Captain
| [[Mirza Aftabul Qader]]
| [[Mirza Aftabul Qader]] ([[Posthumous recognition|Posthumously]])
|-
|-
| 24
| 23
| B.A.-11038
| B.A.-11038
| Captain
| Captain
| [[Mahbubur Rahman (Shaheed)|Mahbubur Rahman]] (Shaheed)
| [[Mahbubur Rahman (Shaheed)|Mahbubur Rahman]] (Shaheed)
|-
|-
| 25
| 24
| -
| -
| Captain (2-E.Bengal)
| Captain (2-E.Bengal)
| [[Salauddin Mumtaz|Salah Uddin Momtaz]] ([[Posthumous recognition|Posthumously]])
| [[Salauddin Mumtaz|Salah Uddin Momtaz]] ([[Posthumous recognition|Posthumously]])
|-
|-
| 26
| 25
| B.A.-10244
| B.A.-10244
| Captain (2-E.Bengal)
| Captain (2-E.Bengal)
| [[Mohammad Azizur Rahman]]
| [[Mohammad Azizur Rahman]]
|-
|-
| 27
| 26
| N.Y.A.
| N.Y.A.
| [[Lieutenant]] (8-E. Bengal)
| [[Lieutenant]] (8-E. Bengal)
| [[S. M. Imdadul Hoque]] (Shaheed)
| [[S. M. Imdadul Hoque]] (Shaheed)
|-
|-
| 28
| 27
| N.Y.A.
| N.Y.A.
| [[2nd Lieutenant]](1-E Bengal)
| [[2nd Lieutenant]](1-E Bengal)
| [[Mohammad Anwar Hossain]] (Shaheed)
| [[Mohammad Anwar Hossain]] (Shaheed)
|-
|-
| 29
| 28
| S.S.-33
| S.S.-33
| 2nd Lieutenant(1-E Bengal)
| 2nd Lieutenant(1-E Bengal)
| [[Abu Mayeen Ashfakus Samad]] (Shaheed)
| [[Abu Mayeen Ashfakus Samad]] (Shaheed)
|-
|-
| 30
| 29
| B.J.O.-26507
| B.J.O.-26507
| [[Subedar]] (3-East Bengal)
| [[Subedar]] (3-East Bengal)
| [[Aftab Ali]]
| [[Aftab Ali (Bir Uttom)|Aftab Ali]]
|-
|-
| 31
| 30
| B.J.O.-3932129
| B.J.O.-3932129
| Subedar
| Subedar
| [[Fayez Ahmed (Bir Uttom)|Fayez Ahmed]]
| [[Fayez Ahmed (Bir Uttom)|Fayez Ahmed]]
|-
|-
| 32
| 31
| B.J.O.-3933821
| B.J.O.-3933821
| [[Naib Subedar]]
| [[Naib Subedar]]
| [[Belayet Ahmed]] (Shaheed)
| [[Belayet Ahmed]] (Shaheed)
|-
|-
| 33
| 32
| B.J.O.-3933525
| B.J.O.-3933525
| Naib Subedar
| Naib Subedar
| [[Moinul Hossain]] (Shaheed)
| [[Moinul Hossain (soldier)|Moinul Hossain]] (Shaheed)
|-
|-
| 34
| 33
| N.Y.A.
| N.Y.A.
| Naib Subedar (3-East Bengal)
| Naib Subedar (3-East Bengal)
| Habibur Rahman
| Habibur Rahman
|-
|-
| 35
| 34
| 3931908
| 3931908
| [[Havildar]]
| [[Havildar]]
| [[Md. Shah Alam]] (Shaheed)
| [[Md. Shah Alam]] (Shaheed)
|-
|-
| 36
| 35
| 3940899
| 3940899
| Havildar
| Havildar
| [[Nurul Amin (Bir Uttom)|Nurul Amin]]
| [[Nurul Amin (Bir Uttom)|Nurul Amin]]
|-
|-
| 37
| 36
| 1240160
| 1240160
| Havildar
| Havildar
| Nasir Uddin (Shaheed)
| Nasir Uddin (Shaheed)
|-
|-
| 38
| 37
| 3937853
| 3937853
| [[Naik (military rank)|Naik]]
| [[Naik (military rank)|Naik]]
| [[Abdul Mannan (Bir Uttom)|Abdul Mannan]] (Shaheed)
| [[Abdul Mannan (Bir Uttom)|Abdul Mannan]] (Shaheed)
|-
|-
| 39
| 38
| 3937853
| 3937853
| [[Lance Naik]]
| [[Lance Naik]]
| [[Abdul Latif (Bir Uttom)|Abdul Latif]] (Shaheed)
| [[Abdul Latif (Bir Uttom)|Abdul Latif]] (Shaheed)
|-
|-
| 40
| 39
| 14561
| 14561
| Lance Naik
| Lance Naik
Line 292: Line 291:
| Sepoy
| Sepoy
| [[Ershad Ali]] (Shaheed)
| [[Ershad Ali]] (Shaheed)

|}
|}


Line 298: Line 298:
! Sl. no.
! Sl. no.
! ID no.
! ID no.
! Rank (At the time of award)
! Rank (At the time of award)
! NAME
! NAME
|-
|-
Line 321: Line 321:
| Mohammad Badiul Alam
| Mohammad Badiul Alam
|-
|-
| 598987
| 54
| 620316
| 620316
| A-B
| A-B
Line 346: Line 346:
! Sl. no.
! Sl. no.
! ID no.
! ID no.
! Rank (At the time of award)
! Rank (At the time of award)
! NAME
! NAME
|-
|-
| 58
| 58
| B.D- 1300
| B.D- 1300
| [[Group Captain]]
| [[Group captain]]
| [[A. K. Khandker|Abdul Karim Khandker]]
| [[A. K. Khandker|Abdul Karim Khandker]]
|-
|-
| 59
| 59
| B.D. -3733
| B.D. -3733
| [[Wing Commander (rank)|Wing Commander]]
| [[Wing commander]]
| [[Khademul Bashar|M Khademul Bashar]]
| [[Khademul Bashar|M Khademul Bashar]]
|-
|-
Line 367: Line 367:
| 4921
| 4921
| [[Flight Lieutenant]]
| [[Flight Lieutenant]]
| [[Samsul Alam]]
| [[Shamsul Alam (Bir Uttam)|Shamsul Alam]]
|-
|-
| 62
| 62
| 4974
| 4974
| Flight Lieutenant
| Flight Lieutenant
| [[Badrul Alam]]
| [[Badrul Alam (Bir Uttom)|Badrul Alam]]
|-
|-
| 63
| 63
| 5121
| 5121
| [[Flying Officer]]
| [[Flying Officer]]
| [[Liakat Ali Khan]]
| [[Liaquat Ali Khan (Bir Uttom)|Liaquat Ali Khan]]
|}
|}


Line 384: Line 384:
! Sl. no.
! Sl. no.
! ID no.
! ID no.
! Rank (At the time of award)
! Rank (At the time of award)
! NAME
! Name
|-
|-
|64
|64
| -
| -
| Captain
| Captain
| Shahabuddin
| Shahabuddin
|-
|-
| 65
| 65
| -
| -
| Captain
| Captain
| [[Akram (Bir Uttom)|Akram]]
| [[Akram Ahmed]]
|-
|-
| 66
| 66
Line 417: Line 417:
! Sl. no.
! Sl. no.
! ID no.
! ID no.
! Rank (At the time of award)
! Rank (At the time of award)
! NAME
! NAME
!Note
|-
|-
|69
|69
⚫
| B.A.-3176
| Lieutenant (Posthumous)
| [[G.M. Mushfiqur Rahman]]
|For role in [[Chittagong Hill Tracts conflict|CHT]] conflict
⚫
|-
|70
| -
| -
| Brigadier General (Posthumous)
| Brigadier General (Posthumous)
| [[Jamil Uddin Ahmad]]
| [[Jamil Uddin Ahmad]]
|For role in [[15 August 1975 Bangladeshi coup d'état|1975 coup]]
|}
|}


Line 430: Line 438:
* [[Bir Bikrom]]
* [[Bir Bikrom]]
* [[Bir Protik]]
* [[Bir Protik]]
* [[Awards and decorations of the Bangladesh Armed Forces]]
⚫
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2011}}


==References==
==References==
Line 436: Line 444:


{{Military of Bangladesh}}
{{Military of Bangladesh}}
{{Bangladesh liberation}}
{{Bir Uttom}}
{{Bir Uttom}}
{{Bengali honours and decorations}}
{{Bengali honours and decorations}}


[[Category:Military awards and decorations of Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Military awards and decorations of Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Noble titles created in 1973]]

[[Category:1973 establishments in Bangladesh]]

{{Bangladesh-stub}}
{{odm-stub}}

Latest revision as of 10:44, 9 January 2025

Bir Uttom
TypeMilitary medal
Awarded forBrave warrior of the Liberation War of Bangladesh in 1971
DescriptionThe second highest award for individual gallantry in Bangladesh
Presented byBangladesh
EligibilityAll citizen of Bangladesh including forces at liberation war 1971[1]
Status15 December 1973
Established1973
First awarded15 December 1973
Last awarded22 April 2010
Total69
Total awarded posthumously22
Total recipients69
Precedence
Next (higher)Bir Shrestho
EquivalentBir Mrittunjoee
Next (lower)Bir Bikrom

Bir Uttom (Bengali: বীর উত্তম, lit. 'Great Valiant Hero') is the second highest award for individual gallantry in Bangladesh after the Bir Sreshtho and the highest gallantry award for a living individual.[2]

Since the independence of Bangladesh in 1971, 69 people have been awarded the Bir Uttom.[3]

Recipients

[edit]

This award was declared on 15 December 1973. A total of 67 people have been rewarded for their bravery and dedication in the liberation war of Bangladesh in 1971.

Lieutenant G. M. Mushfiqur Rahman Bir Uttam (1966–1989) was posted in 1 Field Artillery Regiment of Bangladesh Army in the Chittagong Hill Tracts. On 8 September 1989, he led a 17-member team of Bangladesh Army soldiers and attacked a terrorist Shanti Bahini camp. Lieutenant Rahman was injured during the clash and he died on 8 September 1989 at 8.15 am. He was posthumously awarded Bir Uttom award.[4]

In April 2010, Brigadier General Jamil Uddin Ahmad was posthumously conferred with the Bir Uttom for being the only army officer present and who was killed while trying to counter the successful assassination attempt on President Sheikh Mujibur Rahman on 15 August 1975.

The following list has been prepared from the Bangladesh Gazette of 15 December 1973:

Bangladesh Army

[edit]
Sl. no. ID no. Rank (At the time of the award) NAME
01 B.A.-5115 Major Ziaur Rahman
02 B.R.R.-1550 Lieutenant colonel Md. A. Rob, M.N.A.
03 B.A.-5121 Major K. M. Shafiullah
04 B.A.-3613 Major Chitta Ranjan Dutta
05 B.A.-2215 Major Quazi Nuruzzaman
06 B.A.-5512 Major Mir Shawkat Ali
07 B.A.-5553 Major Khaled Mosharraf
08 B.A.-6030 Major Abul Manzur
09 B. A.-6472 Major Abu Taher
10 B.A.-182 Major A. J. M. Aminul Haque
11 B.A.-6286 Captain A. N. M. Nuruzzaman
12 B.A.-7210 Major Rafiqul Islam
13 B.S.S.-7704 Captain Abdus Salek Choudhury
14 - Leader Gonobahini Khwaja Nizamuddin Bhuyan (Shaheed)
15 B.A.-7942 Captain Harun Ahmed Choudhury
16 B.S.S.-8544 Major A.T.M. Haider
17 B.S.S.-10012 Captain M.A. Gaffar Haldar
18 B.A.-10170 Major Shariful Haque Dalim
19 B.A.-11521 Captain Mohammad Shahjahan
20 B.A.-11562 Captain Mahbubur Rahman
21 B.A.-6489 Major Mohammad Ziauddin
22 B.A.-10561 Captain Mirza Aftabul Qader (Posthumously)
23 B.A.-11038 Captain Mahbubur Rahman (Shaheed)
24 - Captain (2-E.Bengal) Salah Uddin Momtaz (Posthumously)
25 B.A.-10244 Captain (2-E.Bengal) Mohammad Azizur Rahman
26 N.Y.A. Lieutenant (8-E. Bengal) S. M. Imdadul Hoque (Shaheed)
27 N.Y.A. 2nd Lieutenant(1-E Bengal) Mohammad Anwar Hossain (Shaheed)
28 S.S.-33 2nd Lieutenant(1-E Bengal) Abu Mayeen Ashfakus Samad (Shaheed)
29 B.J.O.-26507 Subedar (3-East Bengal) Aftab Ali
30 B.J.O.-3932129 Subedar Fayez Ahmed
31 B.J.O.-3933821 Naib Subedar Belayet Ahmed (Shaheed)
32 B.J.O.-3933525 Naib Subedar Moinul Hossain (Shaheed)
33 N.Y.A. Naib Subedar (3-East Bengal) Habibur Rahman
34 3931908 Havildar Md. Shah Alam (Shaheed)
35 3940899 Havildar Nurul Amin
36 1240160 Havildar Nasir Uddin (Shaheed)
37 3937853 Naik Abdul Mannan (Shaheed)
38 3937853 Lance Naik Abdul Latif (Shaheed)
39 14561 Lance Naik Abdus Sattar
40 6804756 Sepoy Nurul Haque (Shaheed)
41 - Sepoy (8-E. Bengal) Mohammad Shamsuzzaman (Shaheed)
42 - Sepoy (9-E. Bengal) Shafil Min (Shaheed)
43 B.J.O.-893 Subedar Fazlu Rahman (Shaheed)
44 B.J.O.-8772 Naib Subedar Mujibur Rahman (Shaheed)
45 6613 Naik Shafiuddin Choudhury (Shaheed)
46 17663 Sepoy Abu Taleb (Shaheed)
47 0259 Sepoy Mohammad Salahuddin Ahmed
48 13075 Sepoy Anwar Hossain (Shaheed)
49 6040 Sepoy Ershad Ali (Shaheed)

Bangladesh Navy

[edit]
Sl. no. ID no. Rank (At the time of award) NAME
50 0148 Naval Commando Mozahar Ullah
51 66059 L/S Mohammad Zalal Uddin
52 66252 E-R-A Mohammad Afzal Miah
53 640512 M-E-I Mohammad Badiul Alam
54 620316 A-B Mohammed Sirajul Moula
55 67981 Sub/Lt. Abdul Wahid Choudhury
56 0230 Sub/Lt. Matiur Rahman (Bir Bikrom)
57 0072 Naval Commando Mohammad Shah Alam

Bangladesh Air Force

[edit]
Sl. no. ID no. Rank (At the time of award) NAME
58 B.D- 1300 Group captain Abdul Karim Khandker
59 B.D. -3733 Wing commander M Khademul Bashar
60 4295 Squadron Leader Sultan Mahmud
61 4921 Flight Lieutenant Shamsul Alam
62 4974 Flight Lieutenant Badrul Alam
63 5121 Flying Officer Liaquat Ali Khan

Civilians

[edit]
Sl. no. ID no. Rank (At the time of award) Name
64 - Captain Shahabuddin
65 - Captain Akram Ahmed
66 - Captain Sharfuddin
67 - H. 2nd Lt. M H Siddiqui
68 - - Abdul Kader Siddiqui

Post 1971

[edit]
Sl. no. ID no. Rank (At the time of award) NAME Note
69 B.A.-3176 Lieutenant (Posthumous) G.M. Mushfiqur Rahman For role in CHT conflict
70 - Brigadier General (Posthumous) Jamil Uddin Ahmad For role in 1975 coup

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Bir Uttom Medal". army.mil.bd. Bangladesh Army. Archived from the original on 19 November 2024.
  2. ^ "Miscreants damage Zia's grave decor". The Daily Star. 30 April 2015. Archived from the original on 22 November 2021. Retrieved 22 November 2021.
  3. ^ Bangladesh Government Gazettes. Dhaka: Ministry of Defense, Government of Bangladesh. 15 December 1973. p. Gazettes No-8/25/D-1/72-1378.
  4. ^ Major General (Retired) Syed Muhammad Ibrahim " Chittagong Hill Tract Peace Process and Situation Analysis (Bengali Book)
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