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{{Short description|Athabaskan and Inuit-Yupik dessert}}
{{Short description|Athabaskan, Inuit, Yupik, and Cup'ik dessert}}
{{Infobox prepared food
{{Infobox prepared food
| name = Alaskan ice cream
| name = Eskimo Ice Cream
| image = Alaska wild berries.jpg
| image=Iced Akutaq.jpg
⚫
| caption = Iced akutaq made from [[Raspberry|raspberries]] and [[Blueberry|blueberries]]
⚫
| caption = Alaska wild berries from the [[Innoko National Wildlife Refuge]], a mixture of [[berry|true berries]] (blue ''[[Vaccinium uliginosum]]'' and red ''[[Vaccinium vitis-idaea]]'') and [[aggregate fruit]]s (red ''[[Rubus arcticus]]''). These berries are used in Alaskan ice cream.
| alternate_name = Native ice cream, Alaskan ice cream
| alternate_name = Native ice cream, Alaskan ice cream
| country = [[United States]]
| country = [[United States]]
| region = [[Alaska]]
| region = [[Alaska]]
| creator = [[Alaskan Athabaskans]], [[Inuit]] and [[Yupik peoples]]
| creator = [[Alaskan Athabaskans]], [[Inuit]], [[Yupik peoples]], and [[Yupik peoples|Cup'ik Peoples]]
| course =
| course =
| type = [[Dessert]]
| type = [[Dessert]]
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| other =
| other =
}}
}}
'''Alaskan ice cream''' (also known as '''Alaskan Indian ice cream''', '''Inuit ice cream''', '''Indian ice cream''' or '''Native ice cream''', and Inuit-Yupik varieties of which are known as '''''akutaq''''' or '''''akutuq''''') is a [[dessert]] made by [[Alaskan Athabaskans]] and other [[Alaska Native]]s. It is traditionally made of whipped [[fat]] or [[tallow]] (e.g. [[reindeer|caribou]], [[moose]], or [[walrus]] tallow, or seal oil) and meat (such as [[dried fish]], especially [[Esox lucius|pike]], [[Stenodus nelma|sheefish or inconnu]], [[Coregonus|whitefish or cisco]], or [[Prosopium|freshwater whitefishes]], or dried [[Alces alces gigas|moose]] or [[Rangifer tarandus granti|caribou]]) mixed with [[berry|berries]] (especially [[Vaccinium vitis-idaea|cowberry]], [[Vaccinium uliginosum|bilberry]], ''[[Vaccinium oxycoccos]]'' or other [[Cranberry|cranberries]], [[Arctostaphylos uva-ursi|bearberry]], [[Empetrum nigrum|crowberry]], [[Rubus spectabilis|salmonberry]], [[Rubus chamaemorus|cloudberry or low-bush salmonberry]], [[Rubus strigosus|raspberry]], [[blueberry]], or [[Rosa acicularis|prickly rose]]) or mild [[Sugar substitute|sweeteners]] such as roots of [[Hedysarum alpinum|Indian potato or wild carrot]], mixed and whipped with a [[whisk]]. It may also include tundra greens. There is also a kind of ''akutaq'' which is called snow ''akutaq''. The most common recipes for Indian ice cream consist of dried and pulverized moose or caribou tenderloin that is blended with moose fat (traditionally in a [[birch bark]] container) until the mixture is light and fluffy. It may be eaten unfrozen or frozen, and in the latter case it somewhat resembles commercial ice cream.<ref>Priscilla Russell Kari, ''Tanaina Plantlore, Dena'ina K'et'una'' (1987), p. 61.</ref>
'''Eskimo ice cream''' (also known as '''Alaskan Indian ice cream''', '''Inuit ice cream''', '''Indian ice cream''' or '''Native ice cream''', and [[Inuit]]-[[Yupik peoples|Yupik]] varieties of which are known as '''''akutaq''''' or '''''akutuq''''') is a [[dessert]] made by [[Alaskan Athabaskans]] and other [[Alaska Native]]s.
It is traditionally made of whipped [[fat]] or [[tallow]] (e.g. [[caribou]], [[moose]], or [[walrus]] tallow, or seal oil) and meat (such as [[dried fish]], especially [[Esox lucius|pike]], [[Stenodus nelma|sheefish or inconnu]], [[Coregonus|whitefish or cisco]], or [[Prosopium|freshwater whitefishes]], or dried [[Alces alces gigas|moose]] or [[Rangifer tarandus granti|caribou]]) mixed with [[berries]] (especially [[Vaccinium vitis-idaea|cowberry]], [[Vaccinium uliginosum|bilberry]], ''[[Vaccinium oxycoccos]]'' or other [[Cranberry|cranberries]], [[Arctostaphylos uva-ursi|bearberry]], [[Empetrum nigrum|crowberry]], [[Rubus spectabilis|salmonberry]], [[Rubus chamaemorus|cloudberry or low-bush salmonberry]], [[Rubus strigosus|raspberry]], [[blueberry]], or [[Rosa acicularis|prickly rose]]) or mild [[Sugar substitute|sweeteners]] such as roots of [[Hedysarum alpinum|Indian potato or wild carrot]], mixed and whipped with a [[whisk]]. It may also include tundra greens. There is also a kind of ''akutaq'' which is called snow ''akutaq''. The most common recipes for Indian ice cream consist of dried and pulverized moose or caribou tenderloin that is blended with moose fat (traditionally in a [[birch bark]] container) until the mixture is light and fluffy. It may be eaten unfrozen or frozen, and in the latter case it somewhat resembles commercial ice cream.<ref>Priscilla Russell Kari, ''Tanaina Plantlore, Dena'ina K'et'una'' (1987), p. 61.</ref>


It is not to be confused with [[Indian ice cream (Canada)|Canadian Indian ice cream]] (or ''sxusem'') of [[First Nations in British Columbia]], nor with ''[[kulfi]]'' (Indian ice cream) from the [[Indian Subcontinent]].
It is not to be confused with [[Indian ice cream (Canada)|Canadian Indian ice cream]] (or ''sxusem'') of [[First Nations in British Columbia]], nor with ''[[kulfi]]'' (Indian ice cream) from the [[Indian Subcontinent]].


"Ice cream songs" used to be sung during the preparation of Alaskan Athabascan Indian ice cream.<ref name="refSiri">{{cite web|url=http://conference.sol.lu.se/hlk-2010/keynote-abstracts/|title=Keynote abstracts - HLK 2010, Lund University|website=Conference.sol.lu.se|accessdate=23 April 2018}}</ref>
"Ice cream songs" used to be sung during the preparation of Alaskan Athabascan Indian ice cream.<ref name="refSiri">{{cite web|url=http://conference.sol.lu.se/hlk-2010/keynote-abstracts/|title=Keynote abstracts - HLK 2010, Lund University|website=Conference.sol.lu.se|accessdate=23 April 2018}}</ref>

Recent additions include sugar, milk, and vegetable shortening.{{cn|date=October 2017}}


<gallery mode="packed">
<gallery mode="packed">
File:Akutaq.jpg|Akutaq made from [[Raspberry|raspberries]], [[Blueberry|blueberries]] and [[vegetable shortening]]
File:Akutaq.jpg|Akutaq made from [[raspberries]], [[blueberries]] and [[vegetable shortening]]
File:Tumnaq.JPG|''Tumnaq'', a wooden bowl used to make akutaq
File:Tumnaq.JPG|''Tumnaq'', a wooden bowl used to make akutaq
⚫
File:Alaska wild berries.jpg|Wild berries from the [[Innoko National Wildlife Refuge]]: ''[[Vaccinium uliginosum]]'' (blue), ''[[Vaccinium vitis-idaea|V.&nbsp;vitis-idaea]]'', and ''[[Rubus arcticus]]''
⚫
File:Iced Akutaq.jpg|Iced akutaq made from [[Raspberry|raspberries]] and [[Blueberry|blueberries]]
</gallery>
</gallery>


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* [[List of desserts]]
* [[List of desserts]]
* [[Pemmican]]
* [[Pemmican]]
* [[Suorat]]
* [[Tolkusha]]
* [[Tolkusha]]
* [[Tavukgöğsü]] - another dessert made of chicken breast meat


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 12:48, 5 January 2025

Eskimo Ice Cream
Iced akutaq made from raspberries and blueberries
Alternative namesNative ice cream, Alaskan ice cream
TypeDessert
Place of originUnited States
Region or stateAlaska
Created byAlaskan Athabaskans, Inuit, Yupik peoples, and Cup'ik Peoples
Main ingredientsdried fish or meat, fat, berries

Eskimo ice cream (also known as Alaskan Indian ice cream, Inuit ice cream, Indian ice cream or Native ice cream, and Inuit-Yupik varieties of which are known as akutaq or akutuq) is a dessert made by Alaskan Athabaskans and other Alaska Natives.

It is traditionally made of whipped fat or tallow (e.g. caribou, moose, or walrus tallow, or seal oil) and meat (such as dried fish, especially pike, sheefish or inconnu, whitefish or cisco, or freshwater whitefishes, or dried moose or caribou) mixed with berries (especially cowberry, bilberry, Vaccinium oxycoccos or other cranberries, bearberry, crowberry, salmonberry, cloudberry or low-bush salmonberry, raspberry, blueberry, or prickly rose) or mild sweeteners such as roots of Indian potato or wild carrot, mixed and whipped with a whisk. It may also include tundra greens. There is also a kind of akutaq which is called snow akutaq. The most common recipes for Indian ice cream consist of dried and pulverized moose or caribou tenderloin that is blended with moose fat (traditionally in a birch bark container) until the mixture is light and fluffy. It may be eaten unfrozen or frozen, and in the latter case it somewhat resembles commercial ice cream.[1]

It is not to be confused with Canadian Indian ice cream (or sxusem) of First Nations in British Columbia, nor with kulfi (Indian ice cream) from the Indian Subcontinent.

"Ice cream songs" used to be sung during the preparation of Alaskan Athabascan Indian ice cream.[2]

Native names

[edit]
Athabaskan language ice cream
Ahtna ?
Dena’ina nivagi[3]
Deg Xinag vanhgiq[4][5]
Holikachuk nathdlod[5]
Koyukon nonaałdlode[6] (lit. 'creamed one' or 'that which has been whipped up')
Upper Kuskokwim nemaje[7][8]
Lower Tanana nonathdlodi[2]
Tanacross nanehdlaad[9]
Upper Tanana ?
Gwich’in it’suh[10]
Hän ?
Inuit-Yupik language ice cream
Inuktitut akutuq (ᐊᑯᑐᖅ)[11]
Iñupiaq (Northern) akutuq (lit. 'mixed/stirred together')
Inupiaq (Bering Straits) agutaq (lit. 'mixed/stirred together')
Yup'ik akutaq (lit. 'mixed/stirred together')
Alutiiq (Northern) akutaq, sisuq
Alutiiq (Southern) akutaq, pirinaq

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Priscilla Russell Kari, Tanaina Plantlore, Dena'ina K'et'una (1987), p. 61.
  2. ^ a b "Keynote abstracts - HLK 2010, Lund University". Conference.sol.lu.se. Retrieved 23 April 2018.
  3. ^ "Land Use and Economy of Lime Village" (PDF). Subsistence.adfg.state.ak.us. Retrieved 23 April 2018.
  4. ^ "Course: Deg Xinag Learners' Dictionary". Ankn.uaf.edu. Retrieved 23 April 2018.
  5. ^ a b "ABCD" (PDF). Adfg.alaska.gov. Retrieved 23 April 2018.
  6. ^ "EFGH" (PDF). Subsistence.adfg.state.ak.us. Retrieved 23 April 2018.
  7. ^ The Upper Kuskokwim People and Gathering Plants in the Upper Kuskokwim Archived December 24, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
  8. ^ "Whitefish Biology, Distribution, and Fisheries in the Yukon and Kuskokwim River Drainages in Alaska: a Synthesis of Available Information" (PDF). Rapidresearch.com. Retrieved 23 April 2018.
  9. ^ Tanacross Learnersʼ Dictionary Archived 2010-12-02 at the Wayback Machine by I. S. Arnold, G. Holton, and R. Thoman (2009)
  10. ^ "Gwich'in Social & Cultural Institute". Plants.gwichin.ca. Archived from the original on 4 December 2012. Retrieved 23 April 2018.
  11. ^ "Nunavut — Food and Restaurants". iExplore. Retrieved 13 January 2022.
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