Jump to content

Syrian transitional government: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Filled in 1 bare reference(s) with reFill 2
(37 intermediate revisions by 17 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|2024 interim government in Syria}}
{{Short description|2024 interim government in Syria}}
{{Distinguish|Syrian Interim Government|Syrian Salvation Government}}
{{Distinguish|Syrian Interim Government|Syrian Salvation Government}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox government cabinet
{{Infobox government cabinet
|incumbent =
|incumbent =
|flag = Flag of the Syrian revolution.svg
|flag = Flag of the Syrian revolution.svg
|date_formed = 8 December 2024
|date_formed = 8 December 2024
|date_dissolved =
|date_dissolved =
|state_head_title = [[List of heads of state of Syria|De facto Leader]]
|state_head_title = [[List of heads of state of Syria|''De facto'' Leader]]
|state_head = [[Ahmed al-Sharaa]]
|state_head = [[Ahmed al-Sharaa]]
|government_head_title = [[Prime Minister of Syria|Prime Minister]]
|government_head_title = [[Prime Minister of Syria|Prime Minister]]
|government_head = [[Mohammed al-Bashir]]
|government_head = [[Mohammed al-Bashir]]
|members_number = 23
|members_number = 24
|legislature_status = [[Provisional government|Provisional]]
|legislature_status = [[Provisional government|Provisional]]
|political_parties = {{Color box|{{party color|Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham}}|border=darkgray}} [[Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham|HTS]]
|political_parties = {{Color box|{{party color|Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham}}|border=darkgray}} [[Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham|HTS]]
Line 17: Line 17:
|previous = {{flagicon|Ba'athist Syria}} [[Mohammad Ghazi al-Jalali government]]<br>[[File:Flag of the Syrian Salvation Government.svg|border|22px]] [[Syrian Salvation Government]]
|previous = {{flagicon|Ba'athist Syria}} [[Mohammad Ghazi al-Jalali government]]<br>[[File:Flag of the Syrian Salvation Government.svg|border|22px]] [[Syrian Salvation Government]]
|successor =
|successor =
}}
|president = ''Vacant''|president_title=[[President of Syria|President]]}}
{{Politics of Syria}}
{{Politics of Syria}}


Line 45: Line 45:
=== Women in government ===
=== Women in government ===
{{see also|Women in government}}
{{see also|Women in government}}
The initial prime minister and cabinet, together consisted of twelve men and no women.<ref name="L24_SY_govt_officially" /><ref name="AJE_what2know_SY_caretaker_govt" /><ref name="FT_SY_acting_fin_minister" /> {{As of|2024|12|21}}, it had extended to sixteen men and no women.<ref name="ShaamNews_widespread_condemnation" /><ref name="SANA_electricity_minister_inspects" /><ref name="EremNews_alSheybani_MinHealth" /><ref name="AJE_SY_authorities_HTS_figures" /> On 22 December, [[Aisha al-Dibs]], a human rights activist, was appointed as the first woman minister in the cabinet, as head of the [[Women's Affairs Office (Syria)|Women's Affairs Office]].<ref name="AJE_women_key_role_says_minister" /> On 30 December, [[Maysaa Sabrine]] was appointed as Syria's first female head of the [[Central Bank of Syria]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Maysaa Sabrine becomes first woman to lead Syria’s central bank |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/amp/news/2024/12/30/maysaa-sabrine-becomes-first-syrian-woman-to-lead-central-bank |access-date=2024-12-30 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref> On 31 December 2024, Syrian transitional government appointed Muhsina al-Mahithawi, a Druze female activist who participated in the [[Southern Syria protests (2023–24)|anti-Assad Southern Syrian protests]], as the governor of [[Suwayda Governorate|Suwayda province]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=31 December 2024 |title=New Syrian government appoints woman governor of southern province |url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/syrian-government-appoints-woman-governor-141721080.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241231191047/https://www.yahoo.com/news/syrian-government-appoints-woman-governor-141721080.html |archive-date=31 December 2024 |work=yahoo news}}</ref>
The initial prime minister and cabinet, together consisted of twelve men and no women.<ref name="L24_SY_govt_officially" /><ref name="AJE_what2know_SY_caretaker_govt" /><ref name="FT_SY_acting_fin_minister" /> {{As of|2024|12|21}}, it had extended to sixteen men and no women.<ref name="ShaamNews_widespread_condemnation" /><ref name="SANA_electricity_minister_inspects" /><ref name="EremNews_alSheybani_MinHealth" /><ref name="AJE_SY_authorities_HTS_figures" /> On 22 December, [[Aisha al-Dibs]], a human rights activist, was appointed as the first woman minister in the cabinet, as [[Ministry of Women's Affairs (Syria)|Minister for Women's Affairs]].<ref name="AJE_women_key_role_says_minister" /> On 30 December, [[Maysaa Sabreen]] was appointed as Syria's first female head of the [[Central Bank of Syria]]. Sabreen had been the first deputy director of the bank during the final stages of Assad's rule.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Maysaa Sabrine becomes first woman to lead Syria’s central bank |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/amp/news/2024/12/30/maysaa-sabrine-becomes-first-syrian-woman-to-lead-central-bank |access-date=30 December 2024 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref><ref name="DailySabah_SY_first_female_CB_gov">{{cite Q|Q131617530|url-status=live}}</ref> On 31 December 2024, Syrian transitional government appointed Muhsina al-Mahithawi, a Druze female activist who participated in the [[Southern Syria protests (2023–24)|anti-Assad Southern Syrian protests]], as the governor of [[Suwayda Governorate]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=31 December 2024 |title=New Syrian government appoints woman governor of southern province |url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/syrian-government-appoints-woman-governor-141721080.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241231191047/https://www.yahoo.com/news/syrian-government-appoints-woman-governor-141721080.html |archive-date=31 December 2024 |work=yahoo news}}</ref>


The [[Second Hussein Arnous government|previous Ba'athist cabinet]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/syrias-assad-appoints-new-cabinet-2024-09-23/|title=Syria's Assad appoints a new cabinet|publisher=[[Reuters]]|date=23 September 2024|access-date=29 September 2024}}</ref> only had three female ministers, [[Lubanah Mshaweh]], [[Diala Barakat]], and Lamia Chakkour, out of 29 ministers.
For comparison, the [[Second Hussein Arnous government|previous Ba'athist cabinet]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/syrias-assad-appoints-new-cabinet-2024-09-23/|title=Syria's Assad appoints a new cabinet|publisher=[[Reuters]]|date=23 September 2024|access-date=29 September 2024}}</ref> had three female ministers, [[Lubanah Mshaweh]], [[Diala Barakat]], and Lamia Chakkour, out of 29 ministers.


On 18 December, HTS spokesperson [[Obaida Arnaout]] gave an interview in which he stated that "the essence of women and their biological and psychological nature do not fit all positions, such as the Ministry of Defense,"<ref name="AlQuds">{{cite news|url=https://www.alquds.co.uk/%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%AB-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%8A%D8%AB/|title=Spokesman for Syria's new administration sparks controversy after remarks on women|publisher=[[Al-Quds Al-Arabi]]|access-date=31 December 2024}}</ref> and, "As for women's representation in ministerial and parliamentary roles, we believe that this matter is premature and should be left to legal and constitutional experts who will work on rethinking the structure of the new Syrian state."<ref name="HawarNews_demand_inclusion_women">{{cite Q|Q131520760|url-status=live}}</ref> There was widespread criticism online in reaction to Arnaout's statement.<ref name="HawarNews_demand_inclusion_women" /><ref name="Zagros">{{cite news|url=https://zagrosnews.net/ar/news/60913|title=Widespread criticism of statements by a new Syrian official about women’s “unsuitability” for leadership positions|publisher=Zagros News|access-date=31 December 2024}}</ref> Researcher Milena Zain al-Din from [[Damascus University]] disagreed with the spokesperson's statement, stating, "We, the young women and women of Syria, are activists, politicians, human rights advocates, journalists, economists, academics, workers, and homemakers. ... Obeida Arnaout's rhetoric is unacceptable. The Syrian woman, who has struggled and endured alongside millions of Syrian women, is not waiting for you to choose a place or role for her that aligns with your mindset for building our nation."<ref name="AlQuds" />
On 18 December, HTS spokesperson [[Obaida Arnaout]] gave an interview in which he stated that "the essence of women and their biological and psychological nature do not fit all positions, such as the Ministry of Defense,"<ref name="AlQuds">{{cite news|url=https://www.alquds.co.uk/%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%AB-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%8A%D8%AB/|title=Spokesman for Syria's new administration sparks controversy after remarks on women|publisher=[[Al-Quds Al-Arabi]]|access-date=31 December 2024}}</ref> and, "As for women's representation in ministerial and parliamentary roles, we believe that this matter is premature and should be left to legal and constitutional experts who will work on rethinking the structure of the new Syrian state."<ref name="HawarNews_demand_inclusion_women">{{cite Q|Q131520760|url-status=live}}</ref> There was widespread criticism online in reaction to Arnaout's statement.<ref name="HawarNews_demand_inclusion_women" /><ref name="Zagros">{{cite news|url=https://zagrosnews.net/ar/news/60913|title=Widespread criticism of statements by a new Syrian official about women’s “unsuitability” for leadership positions|publisher=Zagros News|access-date=31 December 2024}}</ref> Researcher Milena Zain al-Din from [[Damascus University]] disagreed with the spokesperson's statement, stating, "We, the young women and women of Syria, are activists, politicians, human rights advocates, journalists, economists, academics, workers, and homemakers. ... Obeida Arnaout's rhetoric is unacceptable. The Syrian woman, who has struggled and endured alongside millions of Syrian women, is not waiting for you to choose a place or role for her that aligns with your mindset for building our nation."<ref name="AlQuds" />


Following the controversy of Arnaout's comments,<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 December 2024 |title=سوريا: تعيين أول امرأة في الحكومة السورية الجديدة.. من هي عائشة الدبس؟ |url=https://www.alarabiya.net/amp/arab-and-world/syria/2024/12/22/%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A3%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D9%85%D9%86-%D9%87%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B4%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%A8%D8%B3 |access-date=29 December 2024 |website=العربية |language=ar}}</ref> the transitional government announced the establishment of the Women's Affairs Office four days later and Aisha al-Dibs' appointment as a minister of the Offices.<ref name="AJE_women_key_role_says_minister" /> A week later, on 29 December, al-Dibs' statements on [[women's rights]], in which she stated that she would "not accept any opinion of feminist organizations or others that contradict [the government's] ideological orientation, or are incompatible with the government model" were widely criticised by Syrians.<ref name="ANHA_SaraOrganisation_statement_not_appropriate">{{cite Q|Q131583435|url-status=live}}</ref>
Following the controversy of Arnaout's comments,<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 December 2024 |title=سوريا: تعيين أول امرأة في الحكومة السورية الجديدة.. من هي عائشة الدبس؟ |url=https://www.alarabiya.net/amp/arab-and-world/syria/2024/12/22/%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A3%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D9%85%D9%86-%D9%87%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B4%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%A8%D8%B3 |access-date=29 December 2024 |website=العربية |language=ar}}</ref> the transitional government announced the establishment of the Women's Affairs Office four days later and Aisha al-Dibs' appointment as a minister of the Offices.<ref name="AJE_women_key_role_says_minister" /> A week later, on 29 December, al-Dibs' statements on [[women's rights]], in which she stated that she would "not accept any opinion of feminist organizations or others that contradict the government's ideological orientation, or are incompatible with the government model" were widely criticized by Syrians.<ref name="ANHA_SaraOrganisation_statement_not_appropriate">{{cite Q|Q131583435|url-status=live}}</ref>


== Policies ==
== Policies ==
Line 66: Line 66:
The administrative transition included meetings between outgoing department heads and new officials to understand and reform existing bureaucratic structures. Prime Minister Mohammed al-Bashir convened meetings between SSG ministers and former regime officials to facilitate the transfer of power to the new caretaker government.<ref name="ft-bureaucracy" /> The transitional government includes numerous senior officials from [[Idlib Governorate|Idlib governorate]], which ''Reuters'' said raised concerns about inclusiveness from among [[Syrian opposition|opposition]] sources. Policemen from [[Idlib]] were brought to [[Damascus]] to direct traffic,<ref name="reuters20241212" /> while on 13 December the transitional government's [[Military Operations Command]] declared a curfew in [[Homs Governorate]].<ref>{{Cite web |last1=فرحات |first1=مصطفى |last2=درويش |first2=عبد الصمد |last3=خليل |first3=ماهر باكير |last4=قروي |first4=منذر |date=12 December 2024 |title=سوريا ما بعد الأسد.. تجميد الدستور والبرلمان وفتح الأجواء أمام حركة الطيران |url=https://www.aljazeera.net/news/liveblog/2024/12/12/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%85%D8%A7-%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%AF-%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%B1-%D9%88%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF-%D8%A8%D8%A5%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9?update=7149661 |access-date=13 December 2024 |website=الجزيرة نت |language=ar}}</ref>
The administrative transition included meetings between outgoing department heads and new officials to understand and reform existing bureaucratic structures. Prime Minister Mohammed al-Bashir convened meetings between SSG ministers and former regime officials to facilitate the transfer of power to the new caretaker government.<ref name="ft-bureaucracy" /> The transitional government includes numerous senior officials from [[Idlib Governorate|Idlib governorate]], which ''Reuters'' said raised concerns about inclusiveness from among [[Syrian opposition|opposition]] sources. Policemen from [[Idlib]] were brought to [[Damascus]] to direct traffic,<ref name="reuters20241212" /> while on 13 December the transitional government's [[Military Operations Command]] declared a curfew in [[Homs Governorate]].<ref>{{Cite web |last1=فرحات |first1=مصطفى |last2=درويش |first2=عبد الصمد |last3=خليل |first3=ماهر باكير |last4=قروي |first4=منذر |date=12 December 2024 |title=سوريا ما بعد الأسد.. تجميد الدستور والبرلمان وفتح الأجواء أمام حركة الطيران |url=https://www.aljazeera.net/news/liveblog/2024/12/12/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%85%D8%A7-%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%AF-%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%B1-%D9%88%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF-%D8%A8%D8%A5%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9?update=7149661 |access-date=13 December 2024 |website=الجزيرة نت |language=ar}}</ref>


=== Constitutional transition ===
=== Constitutional changes and political transition ===
A spokesman of the transitional government speaking to ''[[Agence France-Presse]]'' said that during the government's three-month term, the [[Constitution of Syria|constitution]] and [[People's Assembly of Syria|parliament]] would remain suspended. Also, a "judicial and human rights committee" would be established to review the constitution before making amendments.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 December 2024 |title=Syria's new govt says to suspend constitution, parliament for three months |url=https://www.brecorder.com/news/40337254/syrias-new-govt-says-to-suspend-constitution-parliament-for-three-months |access-date=12 December 2024 |website=Brecorder |language=en |agency=AFP}}</ref> [[Ahmed al-Sharaa|Al-Sharaa]] stated to [[Al Jazeera Arabic]] that the choices of governance will be discussed among a group of experts; then, public elections would be held to make the final choice.<ref>[https://x.com/aja_syria/status/1867964544783618104?s=46&t=YMii71oYflCm9hVR2B48jQ Ahmed Al-Sharaa: The form of authority in #Syria is left to the decisions of experts and legal experts, and the Syrian people are the ones who decide; The next rule will include elections; We will form committees and councils concerned with re-studying the constitution; Efficiency and ability are the basis for evaluation in the next state] (in Arabic). 14 December 2024. [[Al Jazeera Arabic]] Syria. [[Twitter|X]] {{Webarchive|url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/qUBQe|date=14 December 2024}}</ref>
A spokesman of the transitional government speaking to ''[[Agence France-Presse]]'' said that during the government's three-month term, the [[Constitution of Syria|constitution]] and [[People's Assembly of Syria|parliament]] would remain suspended. Also, a "judicial and human rights committee" would be established to review the constitution before making amendments.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 December 2024 |title=Syria's new govt says to suspend constitution, parliament for three months |url=https://www.brecorder.com/news/40337254/syrias-new-govt-says-to-suspend-constitution-parliament-for-three-months |access-date=12 December 2024 |website=Brecorder |language=en |agency=AFP}}</ref> [[Ahmed al-Sharaa|Al-Sharaa]] stated to [[Al Jazeera Arabic]] that the choices of governance will be discussed among a group of experts; then, public elections would be held to make the final choice.<ref>[https://x.com/aja_syria/status/1867964544783618104?s=46&t=YMii71oYflCm9hVR2B48jQ Ahmed Al-Sharaa: The form of authority in #Syria is left to the decisions of experts and legal experts, and the Syrian people are the ones who decide; The next rule will include elections; We will form committees and councils concerned with re-studying the constitution; Efficiency and ability are the basis for evaluation in the next state] (in Arabic). 14 December 2024. [[Al Jazeera Arabic]] Syria. [[Twitter|X]] {{Webarchive|url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/qUBQe|date=14 December 2024}}</ref>


On 29 December, [[Syria TV|''Syria TV'']] reported that preparations were underway for a National Conference of 1,200 representatives for between 4–5 January. ''Syria TV'' said that during the National Conference the constitutional drafting committee would be announced, and that during the conference the [[People's Assembly of Syria]] and all [[Armed factions in the Syrian civil war|armed factions]] including [[Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham|Hay'at Tahir al-Sham]] (HTS) would be dissolved, leading to the restructuring of a new national army.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 December 2024 |title=1200 شخصية تتحضر للاجتماع في دمشق: لجنة دستورية وأخرى استشارية للرئيس المؤقت |url=https://www.syria.tv/1200-%D8%B4%D8%AE%D8%B5%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%B1-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%82-%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%A9-%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A3%D8%AE%D8%B1%D9%89-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A4%D9%82%D8%AA |website=[[Syria TV]] |language=ar}}</ref>
On 29 December, [[Syria TV|''Syria TV'']] reported that preparations were underway for a National Conference of 1,200 representatives for between 4–5 January. ''Syria TV'' said that during the National Conference the constitutional drafting committee would be announced, and that during the conference the [[People's Assembly of Syria]] and all [[Armed factions in the Syrian civil war|armed factions]] including [[Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham|Hay'at Tahir al-Sham]] (HTS) would be dissolved, leading to the restructuring of a new national army.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 December 2024 |title=1200 شخصية تتحضر للاجتماع في دمشق: لجنة دستورية وأخرى استشارية للرئيس المؤقت |url=https://www.syria.tv/1200-%D8%B4%D8%AE%D8%B5%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%B1-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%82-%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%A9-%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A3%D8%AE%D8%B1%D9%89-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A4%D9%82%D8%AA |website=[[Syria TV]] |language=ar}}</ref>

Later that day, Ahmad al-Sharaa stated that elections wouldn't take place at least for up to four years.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Ebrahim |first1=Nadeen|last2=Salem|first2=Mostafa|date=30 December 2024 |title=Syrian elections could take up to 4 years to organize, de facto leader says |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2024/12/30/middleeast/syria-elections-four-years-intl/index.html |access-date=3 January 2025 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref>


=== Foreign affairs ===
=== Foreign affairs ===
Line 77: Line 79:


While [[Belarus]], [[North Korea]] and the partially recognized state of [[Abkhazia]] evacuted its embassy personnel on 15 December 2024, its unknown if the new Syrian government plans to restore diplomatic relations with [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]], which were severed in 2018 under the Assad regime.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=15 December 2024 |title=Moscow Says ‘Part’ of Its Diplomatic Personnel in Syria Evacuated By Plane |url=https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2024/12/15/moscow-says-part-of-its-diplomatic-personnel-in-syria-evacuated-by-plane-a87340 |access-date=29 December 2024 |website=The Moscow Times |language=en}}</ref> [[Ukraine]] also plans to restore relations with Syria under the new regime, which were cut in 2022 after the previous regime recognized the quasi-states of the [[Donetsk People's Republic]] and the [[Luhansk People's Republic]], which were annexed into Russia later that year.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zelenskyy: Ukraine ready to support Syria after Assad's fall |url=https://newsukraine.rbc.ua/news/zelenskyy-ukraine-ready-to-support-syria-1734969404.html |access-date=29 December 2024 |website=RBC-Ukraine |language=en}}</ref>
While [[Belarus]], [[North Korea]] and the partially recognized state of [[Abkhazia]] evacuted its embassy personnel on 15 December 2024, its unknown if the new Syrian government plans to restore diplomatic relations with [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]], which were severed in 2018 under the Assad regime.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=15 December 2024 |title=Moscow Says ‘Part’ of Its Diplomatic Personnel in Syria Evacuated By Plane |url=https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2024/12/15/moscow-says-part-of-its-diplomatic-personnel-in-syria-evacuated-by-plane-a87340 |access-date=29 December 2024 |website=The Moscow Times |language=en}}</ref> [[Ukraine]] also plans to restore relations with Syria under the new regime, which were cut in 2022 after the previous regime recognized the quasi-states of the [[Donetsk People's Republic]] and the [[Luhansk People's Republic]], which were annexed into Russia later that year.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zelenskyy: Ukraine ready to support Syria after Assad's fall |url=https://newsukraine.rbc.ua/news/zelenskyy-ukraine-ready-to-support-syria-1734969404.html |access-date=29 December 2024 |website=RBC-Ukraine |language=en}}</ref>

The first official foreign visit of a delegation of the Interim Government was to [[Saudi Arabia]] in the first days of 2025. The Syrian interim delegation was headed by the Ministers for Foreign Affairs and Defense, as well as the head of the [[General Intelligence Directorate (Syria)|General Intelligence Directorate]], [[Anas Khattab]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=رسالتان في اختيار السعودية كأول وجهة للإدارة السورية الجديدة {{!}} الحرة |url=https://www.alhurra.com/saudi-arabia/2025/01/02/%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%83%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84-%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A9 |access-date=3 January 2025 |website=www.alhurra.com |language=ar}}</ref> The visit came after al-Sharaa stated in an interview for the Saudi-owned [[Al Arabiya]] that Saudi Arabia is to have a "large role in Syria's future".<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 January 2025 |title=New Syrian FM on first official visit to Saudi Arabia aims for regional reset |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20250101-syria-fm-hopes-first-foreign-visit-to-saudi-opens-new-bright-page |access-date=3 January 2025 |website=France 24 |language=en}}</ref>

The French and German foreign ministers visited Syria in early January 2025, where they met with al-Sharaa and expressed a will to "support Syria", but also stated that they would refuse to become "a financier of Islamist structures". They also stated that they wanted to see the [[Kurds in Syria|Syrian Kurds]], whose forces acted as French allies during the war, to be included in the political process, as well as cautioned the interim government against "acts of vengeance against groups within the population", unnecessarily delaying elections or attempts to enforce religious law within the judicial or education system. <ref>{{Cite web |title=French, German foreign ministers meet Syria’s de facto rulers |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/1/3/french-german-foreign-ministers-visit-damascus-to-meet-syrias-new-rulers |access-date=3 January 2025 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref>


===Defense===
===Defense===
Prime Minister Mohammed Al-Bashir has said the [[Ministry of Defense (Syria)|defense ministry]] would be restructured using former rebel factions and officers who defected from Assad’s army.<ref name="arabnews20241217"/> [[Murhaf Abu Qasra]] (''nom de guerre''; Abu Hassan al-Hamawi),<ref name="france24-20241217">{{Cite web |date=17 December 2024 |title=Syria ex-rebel military chief says to dissolve armed wing |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20241217-syria-ex-rebel-military-chief-says-to-dissolve-armed-wing |access-date=21 December 2024 |website=France 24 |language=en}}</ref> the military commander of [[Tahrir al-Sham]] said to ''[[The Economist]]'', "All military units will naturally transition to the ministry of defence, forming a unified army tasked with protecting the nation on behalf of all Syrians." ''The Economist'' added that "[h]e insists that there will be no place in the new Syria for jihadists eager to launch attacks".<ref>{{Cite news |title=An interview with the military commander of Syria’s new masters |url=https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2024/12/13/an-interview-with-the-military-commander-of-syrias-new-masters |access-date=21 December 2024 |work=The Economist |issn=0013-0613}}</ref> Abu Qasra, speaking with [[Agence France-Presse|''AFP'']], said that HTS would be "among the first to take the initiative" to dissolve its armed wing for a national army;<ref name="france24-20241217" /> on 21 December it was reported that Abu Qasra was appointed transitional [[Ministry of Defense (Syria)|Minister of Defense]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Syrian authorities appoint HTS figures as foreign, defence ministers |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/12/21/syrias-new-rulers-appoint-hts-figures-as-foreign-defence-ministers |access-date=25 December 2024 |website=Al Jazeera English|language=en}}</ref> Three days later the transitional government announced that a meeting between opposition groups and Ahmed al-Sharaa "ended in an agreement on the dissolution of all the groups and their integration under the supervision of the ministry of defence”.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Syria says ex-rebel groups agree to integrate under Defence Ministry |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/12/24/syria-says-ex-rebel-groups-agree-to-integrate-under-defence-ministry |access-date=25 December 2024 |website=Al Jazeera English |language=en}}</ref>
Prime Minister Mohammed Al-Bashir has said the [[Ministry of Defense (Syria)|defense ministry]] would be restructured using former rebel factions and officers who defected from Assad’s army.<ref name="arabnews20241217"/> [[Murhaf Abu Qasra]] (''nom de guerre''; Abu Hassan al-Hamawi),<ref name="france24-20241217">{{Cite web |date=17 December 2024 |title=Syria ex-rebel military chief says to dissolve armed wing |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20241217-syria-ex-rebel-military-chief-says-to-dissolve-armed-wing |access-date=21 December 2024 |website=France 24 |language=en}}</ref> the military commander of [[Tahrir al-Sham]] said to ''[[The Economist]]'', "All military units will naturally transition to the ministry of defence, forming a unified army tasked with protecting the nation on behalf of all Syrians." ''The Economist'' added that "[h]e insists that there will be no place in the new Syria for jihadists eager to launch attacks".<ref>{{Cite news |title=An interview with the military commander of Syria’s new masters |url=https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2024/12/13/an-interview-with-the-military-commander-of-syrias-new-masters |access-date=21 December 2024 |work=The Economist |issn=0013-0613}}</ref> Abu Qasra, speaking with [[Agence France-Presse|''AFP'']], said that HTS would be "among the first to take the initiative" to dissolve its armed wing for a national army;<ref name="france24-20241217" /> on 21 December it was reported that Abu Qasra was appointed transitional [[Ministry of Defense (Syria)|Minister of Defense]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Syrian authorities appoint HTS figures as foreign, defence ministers |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/12/21/syrias-new-rulers-appoint-hts-figures-as-foreign-defence-ministers |access-date=25 December 2024 |website=Al Jazeera English|language=en}}</ref> Three days later the transitional government announced that a meeting between opposition groups and Ahmed al-Sharaa "ended in an agreement on the dissolution of all the groups and their integration under the supervision of the ministry of defence”. The exact composition of groups to be dissolved is unclear, as groups such as the [[Syrian Democratic Forces]] (SDF) were not part of the agreement.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Syria says ex-rebel groups agree to integrate under Defence Ministry |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/12/24/syria-says-ex-rebel-groups-agree-to-integrate-under-defence-ministry |access-date=25 December 2024 |website=Al Jazeera English |language=en}}</ref> Previously, the interim authority under HTS was reported by the [[Institute for the Study of War]] in mid December to have joined [[Turkey]] in attempting to coerce the SDF to disarm and abandon their [[Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria|autonomy]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 December 2024 |title=Iran Update, December 19, 2024 |url=https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/iran-update-december-19-2024 |access-date=3 January 2025 |website=Institute for the Study of War |language=en}}</ref>


On 29 December 2024, [[Ahmed al-Sharaa]] announced the [[Military ranks of Syria|promotion]] of 42 individuals to the rank of Colonel, 5 to the rank of Brigadier General, and 2 to the rank of Major-General in the [[Syrian Army]]. This number included Defense Minister Abu Qasra and new [[Chief of the General Staff (Syria)|Chief of the General Staff]] of the Syrian Armed Forces and Army [[Ali Noureddine Al-Naasan]], who were both elevated to the rank of Major-General.<ref>{{Cite web |title=بينهم وزير الدفاع.. القيادة العامة تعلن عن ترقيات جديدة في الجيش السوري |url=https://shaam.org/news/syria-news/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%87%D9%85-%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%86-%D8%B9%D9%86-%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B4-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A |access-date=29 December 2024 |website=شبكة شام |language=ar}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=29 December 2024 |title=الشرع يصدر أول قائمة ترفيعات في الجيش.. ضمت أسماء غير سورية |url=https://arabi21.com/story/1650927/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%B9-%D9%8A%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84-%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B4-%D8%B6%D9%85%D8%AA-%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9 |access-date=29 December 2024 |website=عربي21 |language=ar}}</ref>
On 29 December 2024, [[Ahmed al-Sharaa]] announced the [[Military ranks of Syria|promotion]] of 42 individuals to the rank of Colonel, 5 to the rank of Brigadier General, and 2 to the rank of Major-General in the [[Syrian Army]]. This number included Defense Minister Abu Qasra and new [[Chief of the General Staff (Syria)|Chief of the General Staff]] of the Syrian Armed Forces and Army [[Ali Noureddine Al-Naasan]], who were both elevated to the rank of Major-General.<ref>{{Cite web |title=بينهم وزير الدفاع.. القيادة العامة تعلن عن ترقيات جديدة في الجيش السوري |url=https://shaam.org/news/syria-news/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%87%D9%85-%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%86-%D8%B9%D9%86-%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B4-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A |access-date=29 December 2024 |website=شبكة شام |language=ar}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=29 December 2024 |title=الشرع يصدر أول قائمة ترفيعات في الجيش.. ضمت أسماء غير سورية |url=https://arabi21.com/story/1650927/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%B9-%D9%8A%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84-%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B4-%D8%B6%D9%85%D8%AA-%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9 |access-date=29 December 2024 |website=عربي21 |language=ar}}</ref> Several [[Foreign fighters in the Syrian civil war|foreign fighters]] were appointed to senior military roles. According to [[Reuters]], the fighters were generally of Islamist Jihadist leanings, including a member of the [[Turkistan Islamic Party in Syria|Turkistan Islamic Party]], an group listed by the UN as a terrorist organization. Reuters quoted an HTS source, according to which the promotions were a "small token of recognition for the sacrifices Islamic jihadists gave to our struggle for freedom".<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 December 2024 |title=Syria appoints some foreign Islamist fighters to its military, sources say |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/syria-appoints-some-foreign-islamist-fighters-its-military-sources-say-2024-12-30/ |website=Reuters}}</ref>


=== Media ===
=== Media ===
Mohammad al-Omar, Syria's new Information and Culture Minister shows great efforts to reform Syria's media landscape, promoting transparency and freedom of expression during a pivotal period in the nation's history. He was quoted on the first day of 2025 by AFP saying: "We are working to consolidate freedoms of the press and expression that were severely restricted".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Syrias new Information Minister promises free press |url=https://www.lbcgroup.tv/news/middleeastnews/827703/syrias-new-information-minister-promises-free-press/en |access-date=2025-01-01 |website=LBCIV7 |language=en}}</ref>
Mohammad al-Omar, Syria's new Information and Culture Minister, was quoted on the first day of 2025 by AFP saying: "We are working to consolidate freedoms of the press and expression that were severely restricted".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Syrias new Information Minister promises free press |url=https://www.lbcgroup.tv/news/middleeastnews/827703/syrias-new-information-minister-promises-free-press/en |access-date=1 January 2025 |website=LBCIV7 |language=en}}</ref>

=== Education ===
On 1 January 2025, the Ministry of Education announced changes to the national curriculum via their official [[Facebook]] page, including the removal of all references to the Assad era from all subjects, and censorship of other subjects under religious lines. Under the new curriculum, [[evolution]] and the [[Big Bang|big bang theory]] are slated for [[Creationism|removal]] from science classes. Mentions of the [[History of Syria|pre-Islamic]] inhabitants of Syria, such as the [[Arameans]] and [[Canaanite religion|Canaanites]], as well as the history of the ancient gods they worshipped (via the [[Canaanite religion]] and the [[ancient Mesopotamian religion]]) have also been removed. Texts relating to the role of Syrian women in the country's history and [[gender equality]] have been deleted, while the historic Palmyrene [[Zenobia|Queen Zenobia]] has been declared a "fictional character". The new curriculum includes changes to the way that Islam is presented, as [[Islamic fundamentalism|according]] the new education minister, the previous revision presented Quranic verses in a 'wrong' way. Among other changes, the phrase "Defending the nation" is to be replaced with "Defending [[Allah]]". The changes were downplayed by education minister [[Nazir al-Qadri]], who had announced that the only instructions given were for changes that included the removal of content "glorifying the defunct Assad regime" and changing the Ba'athist-era flag with the 'revolutionary' flag. The changes were met with mixed reactions, as they indicated a shift to a more conservative [[Islamism|Islamist]]-style education system.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ebrahim |first=Nadeen |date=2 January 2025 |title=Changes to Syria’s school curriculum spark online outrage |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2025/01/02/middleeast/changes-to-syrias-school-curriculum-spark-online-outrage/index.html |access-date=2 January 2025 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Syria: New government's school curriculum changes spark concern |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c1ln12056ppo |access-date=3 January 2025 |website=BBC |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=شمل "شرح آيات قرآنية".. الحكومة السورية ترد على جدل تعديل المناهج الدراسية {{!}} الحرة |url=https://www.alhurra.com/syria/2025/01/02/%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%84-%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%AD-%D8%A2%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A2%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%AF-%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%84-%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9 |access-date=3 January 2025 |website=www.alhurra.com |language=ar}}</ref>


== Members ==
== Members ==
Line 101: Line 110:
|[[Prime Minister of Syria|Prime Minister]]
|[[Prime Minister of Syria|Prime Minister]]
|[[Mohammed al-Bashir]]<ref name="ammonnews20241209" />
|[[Mohammed al-Bashir]]<ref name="ammonnews20241209" />
|style="background: {{party color|Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham}};" |
!style="background: {{party color|Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham}};" |
|[[Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham|HTS]]
|[[Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham|HTS]]
|10 December 2024
|10 December 2024
Line 108: Line 117:
|[[Ministry of Administrative Development (Syria)|Minister for Administrative Development]]<br />[[Ministry of Social Affairs and Labour (Syria)|Minister for Social and Labour Affairs]]
|[[Ministry of Administrative Development (Syria)|Minister for Administrative Development]]<br />[[Ministry of Social Affairs and Labour (Syria)|Minister for Social and Labour Affairs]]
|[[Fadi al-Qassem]]<ref name="AJE_what2know_SY_caretaker_govt" />
|[[Fadi al-Qassem]]<ref name="AJE_what2know_SY_caretaker_govt" />
|style="background: {{party color|Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham}};" |
!style="background: {{party color|Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham}};" |
|[[Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham|HTS]]
|[[Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham|HTS]]
|10 December 2024
|10 December 2024
Line 115: Line 124:
|[[Ministry of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform|Minister for Agriculture and Agrarian Reform]]
|[[Ministry of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform|Minister for Agriculture and Agrarian Reform]]
|[[Mohammad al-Ahmad]]<ref name="L24_SY_govt_officially" />
|[[Mohammad al-Ahmad]]<ref name="L24_SY_govt_officially" />
|style="background: {{party color|Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham}};" |
!style="background: {{party color|Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham}};" |
|[[Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham|HTS]]
|[[Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham|HTS]]
|10 December 2024
|10 December 2024
Line 122: Line 131:
|[[Ministry of Communications and Information Technology (Syria)|Minister for Communications and Information Technology]]
|[[Ministry of Communications and Information Technology (Syria)|Minister for Communications and Information Technology]]
|[[Hussein al-Masri]]<ref>{{cite web |title=وزير الاتصالات: رفع الحجب المفروض من نظام الأسد عن المواقع الداعمة للثورة السورية |url=https://syria.news/99405dd7-17122412_m.html |website=Syria News |access-date=27 December 2024 |language=ar}}</ref>
|[[Hussein al-Masri]]<ref>{{cite web |title=وزير الاتصالات: رفع الحجب المفروض من نظام الأسد عن المواقع الداعمة للثورة السورية |url=https://syria.news/99405dd7-17122412_m.html |website=Syria News |access-date=27 December 2024 |language=ar}}</ref>
|style="background: {{party color|Independent (politician)}};" |
!style="background: {{party color|Independent (politician)}};" |
|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
|10 December 2024
|December 2024
|-
|-


|[[Ministry of Defense (Syria)|Minister for Defense]]
|[[Ministry of Defense (Syria)|Minister for Defense]]
|[[Murhaf Abu Qasra]]<ref name="AJE_SY_authorities_HTS_figures">{{cite Q|Q131531801|url-status=live}}</ref>
|[[Murhaf Abu Qasra]]<ref name="AJE_SY_authorities_HTS_figures">{{cite Q|Q131531801|url-status=live}}</ref>
|style="background: {{party color|Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham}};" |
!style="background: {{party color|Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham}};" |
|[[Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham|HTS]]
|[[Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham|HTS]]
|21 December 2024
|21 December 2024
Line 136: Line 145:
|[[Ministry of Economy and Foreign Trade (Syria)|Minister for Economy and Foreign Trade]]<br />[[Ministry of Industry (Syria)|Minister for Industry]]
|[[Ministry of Economy and Foreign Trade (Syria)|Minister for Economy and Foreign Trade]]<br />[[Ministry of Industry (Syria)|Minister for Industry]]
|[[Basel Abdul Aziz]]<ref name="Reuters_new_rulers_free_market">{{cite Q|Q131421935|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="L24_SY_govt_officially" />
|[[Basel Abdul Aziz]]<ref name="Reuters_new_rulers_free_market">{{cite Q|Q131421935|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="L24_SY_govt_officially" />
|style="background: {{party color|Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham}};" |
!style="background: {{party color|Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham}};" |
|[[Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham|HTS]]
|[[Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham|HTS]]
|10 December 2024
|10 December 2024
Line 143: Line 152:
|[[Ministry of Education (Syria)|Minister for Education]]
|[[Ministry of Education (Syria)|Minister for Education]]
|[[Nazir al-Qadri]]<ref name="AJE_what2know_SY_caretaker_govt" />
|[[Nazir al-Qadri]]<ref name="AJE_what2know_SY_caretaker_govt" />
|style="background: {{party color|Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham}};" |
!style="background: {{party color|Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham}};" |
|[[Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham|HTS]]
|[[Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham|HTS]]
|10 December 2024
|10 December 2024
Line 150: Line 159:
|[[Ministry of Endowments (Syria)|Minister for Endowments]]
|[[Ministry of Endowments (Syria)|Minister for Endowments]]
|[[Hussam Haj Hussein]]<ref name="AJE_what2know_SY_caretaker_govt" />
|[[Hussam Haj Hussein]]<ref name="AJE_what2know_SY_caretaker_govt" />
|style="background: {{party color|Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham}};" |
!style="background: {{party color|Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham}};" |
|[[Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham|HTS]]
|[[Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham|HTS]]
|10 December 2024
|10 December 2024
Line 157: Line 166:
|[[Ministry of Electricity (Syria)|Minister for Electricity]]
|[[Ministry of Electricity (Syria)|Minister for Electricity]]
|[[Omar Shaqrouq]]<ref name="SANA_electricity_minister_inspects">{{Cite web |last= |date=19 December 2024 |title=Electricity Minister inspects work at Tishreen Thermal Power Plant |url=https://sanasyria.org/en/?p=343009 |access-date=21 December 2024 |website=[[Syrian Arab News Agency]] |language=en-US|archive-url=https://archive.today/20241221141942/https://sanasyria.org/en/?p=343009|archive-date=21 December 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>
|[[Omar Shaqrouq]]<ref name="SANA_electricity_minister_inspects">{{Cite web |last= |date=19 December 2024 |title=Electricity Minister inspects work at Tishreen Thermal Power Plant |url=https://sanasyria.org/en/?p=343009 |access-date=21 December 2024 |website=[[Syrian Arab News Agency]] |language=en-US|archive-url=https://archive.today/20241221141942/https://sanasyria.org/en/?p=343009|archive-date=21 December 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>
|style="background: {{party color|Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham}};" |
!style="background: {{party color|Independent (politician)}};" |
⚫
|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
|[[Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham|HTS]]
|17 December 2024
|December 2024
|-
|-


|[[Ministry of Finance (Syria)|Minister for Finance]]
|[[Ministry of Finance (Syria)|Minister for Finance]]
|[[Riad Abdul Ra'ouf]] <small>(acting)</small><ref name="FT_SY_acting_fin_minister">{{Cite news |last=Dadouch |first=Sarah |last2=Jalabi |first2=Raya |date=12 December 2024 |title=Syria's acting finance minister pushes plan to revive war-torn economy |url=https://www.ft.com/content/f4cb91ee-1b51-432f-a8c0-710b239f17c4 |access-date=15 December 2024 |work=Financial Times|archive-url=https://archive.today/20241212113839/https://www.ft.com/content/f4cb91ee-1b51-432f-a8c0-710b239f17c4|archive-date=12 December 2024|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
|[[Riad Abdul Ra'ouf]] <small>(acting)</small><ref name="FT_SY_acting_fin_minister">{{Cite news |last=Dadouch |first=Sarah |last2=Jalabi |first2=Raya |date=12 December 2024 |title=Syria's acting finance minister pushes plan to revive war-torn economy |url=https://www.ft.com/content/f4cb91ee-1b51-432f-a8c0-710b239f17c4 |access-date=15 December 2024 |work=Financial Times|archive-url=https://archive.today/20241212113839/https://www.ft.com/content/f4cb91ee-1b51-432f-a8c0-710b239f17c4|archive-date=12 December 2024|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
|style="background: {{party color|Independent (politician)}};" |
!style="background: {{party color|Independent (politician)}};" |
|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
|23 December 2024{{Efn|Appointed in the [[Mohammad Ghazi al-Jalali government]]; remained in a caretaker capacity}}
|23 September 2024{{Efn|Appointed in the [[Mohammad Ghazi al-Jalali government]]; remained in a caretaker capacity}}
|-
|-


|[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Expatriates (Syria)|Minister for Foreign Affairs and Expatriates]]
|[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Expatriates (Syria)|Minister for Foreign Affairs and Expatriates]]
|[[Asaad Hassan al-Shaybani]]<ref name="EremNews_alSheybani_MinHealth">{{Cite web |url=https://www.eremnews.com/news/arab-world/cstgx6u |title=Appointment of Asaad Hassan al-Sheybani as Foreign Minister in the Syrian Transitional Government |date=21 December 2024 |website=Erem News |language=ar |access-date=21 December 2024|archive-url=https://archive.today/20241221130812/https://www.eremnews.com/news/arab-world/cstgx6u|archive-date=21 December 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>
|[[Asaad Hassan al-Shaybani]]<ref name="EremNews_alSheybani_MinHealth">{{Cite web |url=https://www.eremnews.com/news/arab-world/cstgx6u |title=Appointment of Asaad Hassan al-Sheybani as Foreign Minister in the Syrian Transitional Government |date=21 December 2024 |website=Erem News |language=ar |access-date=21 December 2024|archive-url=https://archive.today/20241221130812/https://www.eremnews.com/news/arab-world/cstgx6u|archive-date=21 December 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>
|style="background: {{party color|Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham}};" |
!style="background: {{party color|Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham}};" |
|[[Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham|HTS]]
|[[Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham|HTS]]
|21 December 2024
|21 December 2024
Line 178: Line 187:
|[[General Intelligence Service (Syria)|Director of the General Intelligence Service]]
|[[General Intelligence Service (Syria)|Director of the General Intelligence Service]]
|[[Anas Khattab]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=تعيين أنس خطاب رئيساً لجهاز الاستخبارات العامة في سوريا |url=https://www.syria.tv/%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%B3-%D8%AE%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%8B-%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7?amp |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20241226201108/https://www.syria.tv/%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%B3-%D8%AE%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%8B-%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7?amp |archive-date=26 December 2024 |access-date=29 December 2024 |website=تلفزيون سوريا |language=ar}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=سوريا.. أنس خطاب رئيسا لجهاز الاستخبارات العامة |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%B3-%D8%AE%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A7-%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9/3435036 |access-date=29 December 2024 |website=www.aa.com.tr}}</ref>
|[[Anas Khattab]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=تعيين أنس خطاب رئيساً لجهاز الاستخبارات العامة في سوريا |url=https://www.syria.tv/%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%B3-%D8%AE%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%8B-%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7?amp |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20241226201108/https://www.syria.tv/%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%B3-%D8%AE%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%8B-%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7?amp |archive-date=26 December 2024 |access-date=29 December 2024 |website=تلفزيون سوريا |language=ar}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=سوريا.. أنس خطاب رئيسا لجهاز الاستخبارات العامة |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%B3-%D8%AE%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A7-%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9/3435036 |access-date=29 December 2024 |website=www.aa.com.tr}}</ref>
|style="background: {{party color|Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham}};" |
!style="background: {{party color|Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham}};" |
|[[Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham|HTS]]
|[[Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham|HTS]]
|26 December 2024
|26 December 2024
|-
|-
|Director of the General Directorate of Customs
|Director of the General Directorate of Customs
|Qutaiba Ahmed Badawi<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2024-12-25 |title=الجمارك السورية تستبدل مديرين للمنافذ الحدودية |url=https://www.enabbaladi.net/730914/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%83-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%84-%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%81/ |access-date=2024-12-30 |website=عنب بلدي |language=ar |quote=في 18 من كانون الأول الحالي، صدر قرار عن مديرية الجمارك العامة، موقع من مديرها العام الجديد، قتيبة أحمد بدوي، يقضي بحل الضابطة الجمركية في سوريا بكافة مسمياتها وتشكيلاتها، ليصار فيما بعد إلى إعادة تشكيلها على الشكل الذي “يخدم المصلحة العامة”. |trans-quote=On December 18, the General Customs Directorate issued a decision, signed by its new Director General, Qutaiba Ahmed Badawi, to dissolve the customs police in Syria with all its names and formations, to be reconstituted later in a manner that “serves the public interest.”}}</ref>
|Qutaiba Ahmed Badawi<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=25 December 2024 |title=الجمارك السورية تستبدل مديرين للمنافذ الحدودية |url=https://www.enabbaladi.net/730914/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%83-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%84-%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%81/ |access-date=30 December 2024 |website=عنب بلدي |language=ar |quote=في 18 من كانون الأول الحالي، صدر قرار عن مديرية الجمارك العامة، موقع من مديرها العام الجديد، قتيبة أحمد بدوي، يقضي بحل الضابطة الجمركية في سوريا بكافة مسمياتها وتشكيلاتها، ليصار فيما بعد إلى إعادة تشكيلها على الشكل الذي “يخدم المصلحة العامة”. |trans-quote=On 18 December, the General Customs Directorate issued a decision, signed by its new Director General, Qutaiba Ahmed Badawi, to dissolve the customs police in Syria with all its names and formations, to be reconstituted later in a manner that “serves the public interest.”}}</ref>
|style="background: {{party color|Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham}};" |
!style="background: {{party color|Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham}};" |
|[[Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham|HTS]]
|[[Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham|HTS]]
|18 December 2024
|December 2024
|-
|-


|[[Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research (Syria)|Minister for Higher Education and Scientific Research]]
|[[Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research (Syria)|Minister for Higher Education and Scientific Research]]
|[[Abdel Moneim Abdel Hafez]]<ref name="L24_SY_govt_officially" />
|[[Abdel Moneim Abdel Hafez]]<ref name="L24_SY_govt_officially" />
|style="background: {{party color|Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham}};" |
!style="background: {{party color|Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham}};" |
|[[Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham|HTS]]
|[[Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham|HTS]]
|10 December 2024
|10 December 2024
Line 198: Line 207:
|[[Ministry of Information (Syria)|Minister for Information]]<br />[[Ministry of Culture (Syria)|Minister for Culture]]
|[[Ministry of Information (Syria)|Minister for Information]]<br />[[Ministry of Culture (Syria)|Minister for Culture]]
|[[Mohammad al-Omar]]<ref name="L24_SY_govt_officially">{{cite Q|Q131451006|url-status=live}}</ref>
|[[Mohammad al-Omar]]<ref name="L24_SY_govt_officially">{{cite Q|Q131451006|url-status=live}}</ref>
|style="background: {{party color|Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham}};" |
!style="background: {{party color|Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham}};" |
|[[Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham|HTS]]
|[[Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham|HTS]]
|10 December 2024
|10 December 2024
Line 205: Line 214:
|[[Ministry of Health (Syria)|Minister for Health]]
|[[Ministry of Health (Syria)|Minister for Health]]
|[[Maher al-Sharaa]]<ref name="ShaamNews_widespread_condemnation">{{cite Q|Q131522512|url-status=live}}</ref> <small>(acting)</small>
|[[Maher al-Sharaa]]<ref name="ShaamNews_widespread_condemnation">{{cite Q|Q131522512|url-status=live}}</ref> <small>(acting)</small>
|style="background: {{party color|Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham}};" |
!style="background: {{party color|Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham}};" |
|[[Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham|HTS]]
|[[Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham|HTS]]
|16 December 2024
|16 December 2024
Line 212: Line 221:
|[[Ministry of Interior (Syria)|Minister for Interior]]
|[[Ministry of Interior (Syria)|Minister for Interior]]
|[[Mohammad Abdul Rahman (politician)|Mohammad Abdul Rahman]]<ref name="L24_SY_govt_officially" />
|[[Mohammad Abdul Rahman (politician)|Mohammad Abdul Rahman]]<ref name="L24_SY_govt_officially" />
|style="background: {{party color|Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham}};" |
!style="background: {{party color|Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham}};" |
|[[Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham|HTS]]
|[[Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham|HTS]]
|10 December 2024
|10 December 2024
Line 219: Line 228:
|[[Ministry of Internal Trade and Consumer Protection (Syria)|Minister for Internal Trade and Consumer Protection]]
|[[Ministry of Internal Trade and Consumer Protection (Syria)|Minister for Internal Trade and Consumer Protection]]
|[[Maher Khalil al-Hasan]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Syrian interim gov't eyes economic reforms, assures ample strategic reserves |url=https://www.bignewsnetwork.com/news/274866312/xinhua-news--syrian-interim-govt-eyes-economic-reforms-assures-ample-strategic-reserves |access-date=29 December 2024 |website=Big News Network.com |language=en}}</ref> <small>(acting)</small>
|[[Maher Khalil al-Hasan]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Syrian interim gov't eyes economic reforms, assures ample strategic reserves |url=https://www.bignewsnetwork.com/news/274866312/xinhua-news--syrian-interim-govt-eyes-economic-reforms-assures-ample-strategic-reserves |access-date=29 December 2024 |website=Big News Network.com |language=en}}</ref> <small>(acting)</small>
|style="background: {{party color|Independent (politician)}};" |
!style="background: {{party color|Independent (politician)}};" |
|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
|29 December 2024
|December 2024
|-
|-


|[[Ministry of Justice (Syria)|Minister for Justice]]
|[[Ministry of Justice (Syria)|Minister for Justice]]
|[[Shadi al-Waisi]]<ref name="AJE_what2know_SY_caretaker_govt">{{cite Q|Q131451019|url-status=live}}</ref>
|[[Shadi al-Waisi]]<ref name="AJE_what2know_SY_caretaker_govt">{{cite Q|Q131451019|url-status=live}}</ref>
| style="background: {{party color|Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham}};" |
! style="background: {{party color|Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham}};" |
|[[Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham|HTS]]
|[[Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham|HTS]]
|10 December 2024
|10 December 2024
Line 233: Line 242:
|[[Ministry of Local Administration and Environment|Minister for Local Administration and Environment]]<br />[[Ministry of Public Works and Housing (Syria)|Minister for Public Works and Housing]]
|[[Ministry of Local Administration and Environment|Minister for Local Administration and Environment]]<br />[[Ministry of Public Works and Housing (Syria)|Minister for Public Works and Housing]]
|[[Mohamed Muslim]]<ref name="AJE_what2know_SY_caretaker_govt" />
|[[Mohamed Muslim]]<ref name="AJE_what2know_SY_caretaker_govt" />
| style="background: {{party color|Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham}};" |
! style="background: {{party color|Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham}};" |
|[[Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham|HTS]]
|[[Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham|HTS]]
|10 December 2024
|10 December 2024
⚫
|-

⚫
|[[Ministry of Oil and Mineral Resources (Syria)|Minister of Oil and Mineral Resources]]
|Ghaiath Diab<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.net/news/2024/12/30/%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B6%D8%AD-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AF|title=وزير النفط السوري يكشف التحديات وألمانيا تعلن مساعدات بعيدا عن الإدارة الجديدة|website=الجزيرة نت}}</ref>
⚫
!style="background: {{party color|Independent (politician)}};" |
|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
⚫
|December 2024
⚫
|-

⚫
|[[Ministry of Tourism (Syria)|Minister for Tourism]]<br />[[Ministry of Transport (Syria)|Minister for Transport]]
⚫
|Bahaa Aldeen Sharm<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elbalad.news/6417473|title=وزير النقل السوري: مطارات دمشق وحلب تقترب من استئناف استقبال الرحلات الجوية|date=17 December 2024|website=صدى البلد}}</ref>
!style="background: {{party color|Independent (politician)}};" |
|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
|December 2024
|-
|-


|[[Ministry of Water Resources (Syria)|Minister for Water Resources]]
|[[Ministry of Water Resources (Syria)|Minister for Water Resources]]
|[[Osama Abu Zaid]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nabd.com/s/148170530-4250cf/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7-%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%86%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B0-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3-%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%88-%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%AF-%D9%8A%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%B9-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B8%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B0%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9%D8%8C-%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B4-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9-%D8%B9%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%87-%D9%85%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A8%D9%85%D8%A4%D8%B3%D8%B3%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%8A-%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%82-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84-%D9%88%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%91%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%87%D8%A7|title=تلفزيون الخبر &#124;|website=موقع نبض}}</ref>
|[[Osama Abu Zaid]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nabd.com/s/148170530-4250cf/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7-%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%86%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B0-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3-%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%88-%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%AF-%D9%8A%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%B9-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B8%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B0%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9%D8%8C-%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B4-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9-%D8%B9%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%87-%D9%85%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A8%D9%85%D8%A4%D8%B3%D8%B3%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%8A-%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%82-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84-%D9%88%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%91%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%87%D8%A7|title=تلفزيون الخبر &#124;|website=موقع نبض}}</ref>
|style="background: {{party color|Independent (politician)}};" |
!style="background: {{party color|Independent (politician)}};" |
|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
|23 December 2024
|December 2024
|-
|-


|[[Ministry of Women's Affairs (Syria)|Minister for Women's Affairs]]
|[[Ministry of Women's Affairs (Syria)|Minister for Women's Affairs]]
|[[Aisha al-Dibs]]<ref name="AJE_women_key_role_says_minister">{{cite Q|Q131541454|url-status=live}}</ref>
|[[Aisha al-Dibs]]<ref name="AJE_women_key_role_says_minister">{{cite Q|Q131541454|url-status=live}}</ref>
|style="background: {{party color|Independent (politician)}};" |
!style="background: {{party color|Independent (politician)}};" |
|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
|22 December 2024
|22 December 2024
|-
|-


⚫
|[[Ministry of Transport (Syria)|Minister for Transport]]<br />[[Ministry of Tourism (Syria)|Minister for Tourism]]
⚫
|Bahaa Aldeen Sharm<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elbalad.news/6417473|title=وزير النقل السوري: مطارات دمشق وحلب تقترب من استئناف استقبال الرحلات الجوية|date=17 December 2024|website=صدى البلد}}</ref>
⚫
|style="background: {{party color|Independent (politician)}};" |
⚫
|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
⚫
|23 December 2024
⚫
|-
⚫
|[[Ministry of Oil and Mineral Resources (Syria)|Minister of Oil and Mineral Resources]]
|Ghaiath Diab
⚫
|
|
|
|}
|}


Revision as of 18:34, 3 January 2025

Not to be confused with Syrian Interim Government or Syrian Salvation Government.

Syrian transitional government
Date formed8 December 2024
People and organisations
De facto LeaderAhmed al-Sharaa
Prime MinisterMohammed al-Bashir
No. of ministers24
Member parties  HTS
Status in legislatureProvisional
History
PredecessorBa'athist Syria Mohammad Ghazi al-Jalali government
Syrian Salvation Government
Politics of Syria

Arab League Member State of the Arab League

Constitution
Human rights
Executive
Legislature
Judiciary
Subdivisions
Elections
Foreign relations

The Syrian transitional government (الحكومة الانتقالية السورية, romanized: al-Ḥukūmah al-Intiqāliyah as-Sūriyyah) is the incumbent provisional government of Syria. It was established in December 2024 by the Syrian opposition after Ahmed al-Sharaa, Emir of Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham and now the de facto Syrian head of state, appointed Mohammed al-Bashir as Prime Minister, replacing Mohammad Ghazi al-Jalali on 10 December. This came after the fall of the Assad regime and the exile of former Syrian President Bashar al-Assad.

On 8 December 2024, hours after the fall of Damascus, Mohammad Ghazi al-Jalali, the outgoing prime minister and last head of government of the Ba'athist regime, agreed to lead the transitional government in a caretaking capacity.[1] He then transferred power to Mohammed al-Bashir, prime minister of the Syrian Salvation Government, two days later.[2] On 10 December, the transitional administration announced that it would remain in place until 1 March 2025, with all ministers from the Syrian Salvation Government taking up their same posts in the new transitional government.[3]

Background

See also: Syrian civil war, Arab Spring, Arab Winter, and Fall of the Assad regime

Formation

Flags used by the Syrian Transitional Government[a]
Top: Flag of Syria
Bottom: Tawhid flag

Ahmed al-Sharaa, leader of the Syrian Salvation Government, stated on Telegram that Syrian public institutions would not immediately be taken over by force and would instead temporarily be held by Syrian Prime Minister Mohammad Ghazi al-Jalali until the full political transition was completed. Al-Jalali announced in a social media video that he planned to stay in Damascus and cooperate with the Syrian people while expressing hope that Syria could become "a normal country" and begin to engage in diplomacy with other nations.[8][9] Jalali also expressed his readiness to "extend its hand" to the opposition.[10]

Hadi al-Bahra, president of the National Coalition of Syrian Revolutionary and Opposition Forces, said that an 18-month transitional period was needed to establish "a safe, neutral, and quiet environment" for free elections. This period includes six months to draft a new constitution. This transition, according to al-Bahra, should be in line with United Nations Security Council Resolution 2254.[11]

The Prime Minister of the Syrian Salvation Government, Mohammed Al-Bashir, was tasked on 9 December with forming the new Syrian government during the transitional period.[2] He was expected to hold the position until 1 March 2025.[12] The ministers of the Salvation Government were expected to shift to their corresponding roles in the transitional government.[13]

Women in government

See also: Women in government

The initial prime minister and cabinet, together consisted of twelve men and no women.[14][15][16] As of 21 December 2024, it had extended to sixteen men and no women.[17][18][19][20] On 22 December, Aisha al-Dibs, a human rights activist, was appointed as the first woman minister in the cabinet, as Minister for Women's Affairs.[21] On 30 December, Maysaa Sabreen was appointed as Syria's first female head of the Central Bank of Syria. Sabreen had been the first deputy director of the bank during the final stages of Assad's rule.[22][23] On 31 December 2024, Syrian transitional government appointed Muhsina al-Mahithawi, a Druze female activist who participated in the anti-Assad Southern Syrian protests, as the governor of Suwayda Governorate.[24]

For comparison, the previous Ba'athist cabinet[25] had three female ministers, Lubanah Mshaweh, Diala Barakat, and Lamia Chakkour, out of 29 ministers.

On 18 December, HTS spokesperson Obaida Arnaout gave an interview in which he stated that "the essence of women and their biological and psychological nature do not fit all positions, such as the Ministry of Defense,"[26] and, "As for women's representation in ministerial and parliamentary roles, we believe that this matter is premature and should be left to legal and constitutional experts who will work on rethinking the structure of the new Syrian state."[27] There was widespread criticism online in reaction to Arnaout's statement.[27][28] Researcher Milena Zain al-Din from Damascus University disagreed with the spokesperson's statement, stating, "We, the young women and women of Syria, are activists, politicians, human rights advocates, journalists, economists, academics, workers, and homemakers. ... Obeida Arnaout's rhetoric is unacceptable. The Syrian woman, who has struggled and endured alongside millions of Syrian women, is not waiting for you to choose a place or role for her that aligns with your mindset for building our nation."[26]

Following the controversy of Arnaout's comments,[29] the transitional government announced the establishment of the Women's Affairs Office four days later and Aisha al-Dibs' appointment as a minister of the Offices.[21] A week later, on 29 December, al-Dibs' statements on women's rights, in which she stated that she would "not accept any opinion of feminist organizations or others that contradict the government's ideological orientation, or are incompatible with the government model" were widely criticized by Syrians.[30]

Policies

Economic reforms

Minister for the Economy Basil Abdul Aziz stated that there were plans to shift from a rather state-controlled economic model towards a stronger free-market model and liberalisation of import-export controls. Registration with the Damascus Chambers of Commerce would be considered sufficient authorisation to import goods, and the previously required approvals and permissions from the Central Bank of Syria (CBS) would no longer be needed. Business leaders interviewed by Reuters described the promised changes as encouraging. The government stated that reconstruction investment was a priority, with civil war damage estimated in the tens of billions of dollars.[31] A source from the central bank and two commercial bank sources, speaking with Reuters, said that on 10 December, banks would reopen and that staff had been asked to return. The Ministry of Oil and Mineral Resources told employees to return to work the same day, with Deutsche Welle stating that the ministry had added "protection would be provided to ensure their safety".[32]

The transitional ministry of transport said that Syrian airspace would be reopened to air traffic and added that it would announce the resumption of Damascus and Aleppo international airports.[33] On 16 December the Central Bank abolished the pre-existing import financing platform and announced that importers could finance the import of materials through their own sources if they did not conflict with domestic and international money-laundering laws. The CBS said importers no longer needed to visit the bank or obtain approval for importing goods and notified that exports no longer required obtaining a prior "export pledge" (تعهد تصدير).[34] That week it was reported that the Syrian pound had appreciated against foreign currencies; reaching 10,000 SYP to USD in some areas due to the return of displaced people in northern regions and diaspora, leading to increased amounts of foreign currency inflows. This resulted in the prices of commodities, including foodstuffs, decreasing. The Central Bank of Syria raised the buying exchange rate to 15,000 SYP to USD, 15,760.50 to EUR, and 428.97 TYR.[35] On 18 December the CBS said that ATM and electronic payment services were resumed, and directed banks to monitor withdrawal operations for what it said were temporary measures.[36]

Administrative reforms

The transitional government began implementing administrative reforms immediately after taking control of Damascus. Mohammad Yasser Ghazal, a technocrat from the Syrian Salvation Government, was appointed to oversee the restructuring of the Damascus governorate, with plans to serve as city council president. The new administration began reviewing departmental functions and addressing issues of bureaucratic inefficiency inherited from the previous government.[37]

Initial reforms focused on streamlining government services and addressing corruption. The transitional authorities found numerous inefficient departments and positions, including redundant administrative divisions. The new government emphasized the digitization of services, citing the example of ID processing, which they had already implemented in Idlib. They also began addressing issues of phantom jobs and systemic corruption that had developed under the previous administration, where government employees had been receiving approximately $25 per month in salary;[37] which are to be increased to SSG government minimum wages of $100.[38]

The administrative transition included meetings between outgoing department heads and new officials to understand and reform existing bureaucratic structures. Prime Minister Mohammed al-Bashir convened meetings between SSG ministers and former regime officials to facilitate the transfer of power to the new caretaker government.[37] The transitional government includes numerous senior officials from Idlib governorate, which Reuters said raised concerns about inclusiveness from among opposition sources. Policemen from Idlib were brought to Damascus to direct traffic,[38] while on 13 December the transitional government's Military Operations Command declared a curfew in Homs Governorate.[39]

Constitutional changes and political transition

A spokesman of the transitional government speaking to Agence France-Presse said that during the government's three-month term, the constitution and parliament would remain suspended. Also, a "judicial and human rights committee" would be established to review the constitution before making amendments.[40] Al-Sharaa stated to Al Jazeera Arabic that the choices of governance will be discussed among a group of experts; then, public elections would be held to make the final choice.[41]

On 29 December, Syria TV reported that preparations were underway for a National Conference of 1,200 representatives for between 4–5 January. Syria TV said that during the National Conference the constitutional drafting committee would be announced, and that during the conference the People's Assembly of Syria and all armed factions including Hay'at Tahir al-Sham (HTS) would be dissolved, leading to the restructuring of a new national army.[42]

Later that day, Ahmad al-Sharaa stated that elections wouldn't take place at least for up to four years.[43]

Foreign affairs

After the fall of Bashar al-Assad, the governments of Egypt, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Jordan, Bahrain, Oman, Turkey, Italy and France resumed diplomatic missions in Syria.[44] The new government met diplomats from France, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the European Union in the days immediately following the fall of the al-Assad regime.[45] They met with diplomats from the United States on 20 December 2024.[46]

Additionally, Israel has occupied the Golan Heights since the Six-Day War in 1967. There has been various settlement schemes in the region and it is not clear if the new Syrian government is planning to join the Abraham Accords in the near future.[47][48][49]

While Belarus, North Korea and the partially recognized state of Abkhazia evacuted its embassy personnel on 15 December 2024, its unknown if the new Syrian government plans to restore diplomatic relations with Georgia, which were severed in 2018 under the Assad regime.[50] Ukraine also plans to restore relations with Syria under the new regime, which were cut in 2022 after the previous regime recognized the quasi-states of the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic, which were annexed into Russia later that year.[51]

The first official foreign visit of a delegation of the Interim Government was to Saudi Arabia in the first days of 2025. The Syrian interim delegation was headed by the Ministers for Foreign Affairs and Defense, as well as the head of the General Intelligence Directorate, Anas Khattab.[52] The visit came after al-Sharaa stated in an interview for the Saudi-owned Al Arabiya that Saudi Arabia is to have a "large role in Syria's future".[53]

The French and German foreign ministers visited Syria in early January 2025, where they met with al-Sharaa and expressed a will to "support Syria", but also stated that they would refuse to become "a financier of Islamist structures". They also stated that they wanted to see the Syrian Kurds, whose forces acted as French allies during the war, to be included in the political process, as well as cautioned the interim government against "acts of vengeance against groups within the population", unnecessarily delaying elections or attempts to enforce religious law within the judicial or education system. [54]

Defense

Prime Minister Mohammed Al-Bashir has said the defense ministry would be restructured using former rebel factions and officers who defected from Assad’s army.[45] Murhaf Abu Qasra (nom de guerre; Abu Hassan al-Hamawi),[55] the military commander of Tahrir al-Sham said to The Economist, "All military units will naturally transition to the ministry of defence, forming a unified army tasked with protecting the nation on behalf of all Syrians." The Economist added that "[h]e insists that there will be no place in the new Syria for jihadists eager to launch attacks".[56] Abu Qasra, speaking with AFP, said that HTS would be "among the first to take the initiative" to dissolve its armed wing for a national army;[55] on 21 December it was reported that Abu Qasra was appointed transitional Minister of Defense.[57] Three days later the transitional government announced that a meeting between opposition groups and Ahmed al-Sharaa "ended in an agreement on the dissolution of all the groups and their integration under the supervision of the ministry of defence”. The exact composition of groups to be dissolved is unclear, as groups such as the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) were not part of the agreement.[58] Previously, the interim authority under HTS was reported by the Institute for the Study of War in mid December to have joined Turkey in attempting to coerce the SDF to disarm and abandon their autonomy.[59]

On 29 December 2024, Ahmed al-Sharaa announced the promotion of 42 individuals to the rank of Colonel, 5 to the rank of Brigadier General, and 2 to the rank of Major-General in the Syrian Army. This number included Defense Minister Abu Qasra and new Chief of the General Staff of the Syrian Armed Forces and Army Ali Noureddine Al-Naasan, who were both elevated to the rank of Major-General.[60][61] Several foreign fighters were appointed to senior military roles. According to Reuters, the fighters were generally of Islamist Jihadist leanings, including a member of the Turkistan Islamic Party, an group listed by the UN as a terrorist organization. Reuters quoted an HTS source, according to which the promotions were a "small token of recognition for the sacrifices Islamic jihadists gave to our struggle for freedom".[62]

Media

Mohammad al-Omar, Syria's new Information and Culture Minister, was quoted on the first day of 2025 by AFP saying: "We are working to consolidate freedoms of the press and expression that were severely restricted".[63]

Education

On 1 January 2025, the Ministry of Education announced changes to the national curriculum via their official Facebook page, including the removal of all references to the Assad era from all subjects, and censorship of other subjects under religious lines. Under the new curriculum, evolution and the big bang theory are slated for removal from science classes. Mentions of the pre-Islamic inhabitants of Syria, such as the Arameans and Canaanites, as well as the history of the ancient gods they worshipped (via the Canaanite religion and the ancient Mesopotamian religion) have also been removed. Texts relating to the role of Syrian women in the country's history and gender equality have been deleted, while the historic Palmyrene Queen Zenobia has been declared a "fictional character". The new curriculum includes changes to the way that Islam is presented, as according the new education minister, the previous revision presented Quranic verses in a 'wrong' way. Among other changes, the phrase "Defending the nation" is to be replaced with "Defending Allah". The changes were downplayed by education minister Nazir al-Qadri, who had announced that the only instructions given were for changes that included the removal of content "glorifying the defunct Assad regime" and changing the Ba'athist-era flag with the 'revolutionary' flag. The changes were met with mixed reactions, as they indicated a shift to a more conservative Islamist-style education system.[64][65][66]

Members

See also: Cabinet of Syria and Syrian Salvation Government § Seventh cabinet (2024)

Caretaker Prime Minister Mohammad al-Bashir told Al Jazeera on 16 December 2024 that "for the time being" ministers from the Syrian Salvation Government (SSG) would head national ministries.[67]

Portfolio Incumbent Faction Since
Prime Minister Mohammed al-Bashir[2] HTS 10 December 2024
Minister for Administrative Development
Minister for Social and Labour Affairs 		Fadi al-Qassem[15] HTS 10 December 2024
Minister for Agriculture and Agrarian Reform Mohammad al-Ahmad[14] HTS 10 December 2024
Minister for Communications and Information Technology Hussein al-Masri[68] Independent December 2024
Minister for Defense Murhaf Abu Qasra[20] HTS 21 December 2024
Minister for Economy and Foreign Trade
Minister for Industry 		Basel Abdul Aziz[31][14] HTS 10 December 2024
Minister for Education Nazir al-Qadri[15] HTS 10 December 2024
Minister for Endowments Hussam Haj Hussein[15] HTS 10 December 2024
Minister for Electricity Omar Shaqrouq[18] Independent December 2024
Minister for Finance Riad Abdul Ra'ouf (acting)[16] Independent 23 September 2024[b]
Minister for Foreign Affairs and Expatriates Asaad Hassan al-Shaybani[19] HTS 21 December 2024
Director of the General Intelligence Service Anas Khattab[69][70] HTS 26 December 2024
Director of the General Directorate of Customs Qutaiba Ahmed Badawi[71] HTS December 2024
Minister for Higher Education and Scientific Research Abdel Moneim Abdel Hafez[14] HTS 10 December 2024
Minister for Information
Minister for Culture 		Mohammad al-Omar[14] HTS 10 December 2024
Minister for Health Maher al-Sharaa[17] (acting) HTS 16 December 2024
Minister for Interior Mohammad Abdul Rahman[14] HTS 10 December 2024
Minister for Internal Trade and Consumer Protection Maher Khalil al-Hasan[72] (acting) Independent December 2024
Minister for Justice Shadi al-Waisi[15] HTS 10 December 2024
Minister for Local Administration and Environment
Minister for Public Works and Housing 		Mohamed Muslim[15] HTS 10 December 2024
Minister of Oil and Mineral Resources Ghaiath Diab[73] Independent December 2024
Minister for Tourism
Minister for Transport 		Bahaa Aldeen Sharm[74] Independent December 2024
Minister for Water Resources Osama Abu Zaid[75] Independent December 2024
Minister for Women's Affairs Aisha al-Dibs[21] Independent 22 December 2024

Cooperation with other Syrian authorities

As of 11 December 2024, leaders of the Syrian Democratic Forces, the military forces of the Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria, were preparing for "negotiations that would create a broader-based Syrian government that is not under al-Julani's control". Leaders of the Southern Operations Room met with al-Julani on 11 December and expressed interest in "coordination", a "unified effort" and "cooperation", without stating that they would support the HTS transitional government.[76]

On 18 December, the National Coalition of Syrian Revolutionary and Opposition Forces (SNC), which operates the Syrian Interim Government in Turkish-occupied zones expressed its support for al-Bashir's government. The SNC called for a national conference and for the formation of a government that would be "inclusive of all groups" and "represent all Syrian components".[77]

On 29 December 2024, it was reported that Ahmed al-Sharaa, Commander-in-Chief of Syria's new administration, stated in a televised interview that SDF forces would be integrated into Syria's Ministry of Defense, with negotiations currently underway.[78] SDF said it is ready to cooperate with Sharaa to be the "nucleus of the Syrian army."[79][better source needed]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ [4][5][6][7]
  2. ^ Appointed in the Mohammad Ghazi al-Jalali government; remained in a caretaker capacity

References

  1. ^ "Syrian prime minister says government is still functioning but foreign and domestic challenges loom". WHNT.com. 9 December 2024. Retrieved 9 December 2024.
  2. ^ a b c "Mohammed al-Bashir assigned to form new Syrian government". Ammon News. 9 December 2024. Retrieved 10 December 2024.
  3. ^ "Mohammed al-Bashir officially the head of the transitional government in Syria until March 2025". Independent Arabia. 10 December 2024. Retrieved 10 December 2024.
  4. ^ "رئيس حكومة تصريف الأعمال السورية: مهمتنا ضبط الأمن والحفاظ على استقرار المؤسسات وتقديم الخدمات الأساسية للشعب".
  5. ^ "img.i-scmp.com". 11 December 2024.
  6. ^ "Video: Syrian rebel leader speaks to CNN in exclusive interview". CNN. 6 December 2024.
  7. ^ "Mohammed al Bashir appointed caretaker Syrian PM for transitional government until March". Lebanon Broadcasting Corporation International.
  8. ^ "Syria latest: 'The future is ours,' says rebel leader after Assad flees Damascus". BBC News. Retrieved 8 December 2024.
  9. ^ "Opposition forces impose curfew in Syrian capital Damascus". bne IntelliNews. Retrieved 8 December 2024.
  10. ^ Michaelson, Ruth. "Bashar al-Assad reported to have fled Syria as rebels say they have captured Damascus claim". The Guardian. Retrieved 8 December 2024.
  11. ^ "Syrian opposition leader says state institutions will be preserved in 18-month transition". Middle East Eye. Retrieved 8 December 2024.
  12. ^ "Mohamed al-Bashir appointed caretaker Syrian PM for transitional government until March". Reuters. Retrieved 10 December 2024.
  13. ^ "الحكومة السورية الانتقالية برئاسة البشير تتسلم مقاليد السلطة في دمشق". الجزيرة نت (in Arabic). Retrieved 10 December 2024.
  14. ^ a b c d e f Syrian Transitional Government Officially Established, L24, 11 December 2024, Wikidata Q131451006, archived from the original on 15 December 2024
  15. ^ a b c d e f "What to know about Syria's new caretaker government". aljazeera.com. 15 December 2024. Wikidata Q131451019. Archived from the original on 15 December 2024.
  16. ^ a b Dadouch, Sarah; Jalabi, Raya (12 December 2024). "Syria's acting finance minister pushes plan to revive war-torn economy". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 12 December 2024. Retrieved 15 December 2024.
  17. ^ a b Widespread Condemnation of Sharaa's Brother Appointment as Minister of Health & Rejection of His Condescending Rhetoric Towards Revolutionary Organizations, The Syrian Observer, 19 December 2024, Wikidata Q131522512, archived from the original on 21 December 2024
  18. ^ a b "Electricity Minister inspects work at Tishreen Thermal Power Plant". Syrian Arab News Agency. 19 December 2024. Archived from the original on 21 December 2024. Retrieved 21 December 2024.
  19. ^ a b "Appointment of Asaad Hassan al-Sheybani as Foreign Minister in the Syrian Transitional Government". Erem News (in Arabic). 21 December 2024. Archived from the original on 21 December 2024. Retrieved 21 December 2024.
  20. ^ a b "Syrian authorities appoint HTS figures as foreign, defence ministers". Al Jazeera English. 21 December 2024. Wikidata Q131531801. Archived from the original on 21 December 2024.
  21. ^ a b c "Women will play a key role in a new Syria, says minister". Al Jazeera English. 22 December 2024. Wikidata Q131541454. Archived from the original on 23 December 2024.
  22. ^ "Maysaa Sabrine becomes first woman to lead Syria's central bank". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 30 December 2024.
  23. ^ "Syria's new rulers tap first female central bank governor ever". Daily Sabah. 30 December 2024. Wikidata Q131617530. Archived from the original on 30 December 2024.
  24. ^ "New Syrian government appoints woman governor of southern province". yahoo news. 31 December 2024. Archived from the original on 31 December 2024.
  25. ^ "Syria's Assad appoints a new cabinet". Reuters. 23 September 2024. Retrieved 29 September 2024.
  26. ^ a b "Spokesman for Syria's new administration sparks controversy after remarks on women". Al-Quds Al-Arabi. Retrieved 31 December 2024.
  27. ^ a b "Hundreds of Syrians in Damascus demand the inclusion of women in political work". Hawar News Agency. 19 December 2024. Wikidata Q131520760. Archived from the original on 20 December 2024.
  28. ^ "Widespread criticism of statements by a new Syrian official about women's "unsuitability" for leadership positions". Zagros News. Retrieved 31 December 2024.
  29. ^ "سوريا: تعيين أول امرأة في الحكومة السورية الجديدة.. من هي عائشة الدبس؟". العربية (in Arabic). 22 December 2024. Retrieved 29 December 2024.
  30. ^ "Sara Organization: statement of Women's Affairs' head not appropriate for struggle of Syrian women". Hawar News Agency. 29 December 2024. Wikidata Q131583435. Archived from the original on 29 December 2024.
  31. ^ a b Timour Azhari (10 December 2024), Exclusive: Syria's new rulers back shift to free-market economy, business leader says, Reuters, Wikidata Q131421935, archived from the original on 10 December 2024
  32. ^ "What's next for Syria's devastated economy?". dw.com. DW. 10 December 2024. Retrieved 11 December 2024.
  33. ^ فرحات, مصطفى; درويش, عبد الصمد; خليل, ماهر باكير; قروي, منذر (12 December 2024). "سوريا ما بعد الأسد.. تجميد الدستور والبرلمان وفتح الأجواء أمام حركة الطيران". الجزيرة نت (in Arabic). Retrieved 13 December 2024.
  34. ^ "مصرف سوريا المركزي يلغي منصة تمويل المستوردات ويسمح بمصادر التمويل الخاصة" [Central Bank of Syria cancels import financing platform and allows private sources of financing]. Syria TV (in Arabic). 16 December 2024.
  35. ^ "مصرف سوريا المركزي يرفع سعر صرف الدولار مقابل الليرة السورية" [The Central Bank of Syria raises the exchange rate of the dollar against the Syrian pound]. Syria TV (in Arabic). 17 December 2024.
  36. ^ "مصرف سوريا المركزي يعيد تشغيل الصرافات الآلية وخدمات الدفع الإلكتروني" [The Central Bank of Syria restarts ATMs and electronic payment services]. Syria TV (in Arabic). 18 December 2024.
  37. ^ a b c Jalabi, Raya; Dadouch, Sarah (11 December 2024). "The department of flags: Syrian rebels lay bare Assad's corrupt state". Financial Times. Damascus. Archived from the original on 11 December 2024. Retrieved 11 December 2024.
  38. ^ a b Azhari, Timour; Gebeily, Maya; Perry, Tom (12 December 2024). "Syrian rebel leader, after Assad's ouster, puts his own stamp on the state". Reuters.
  39. ^ فرحات, مصطفى; درويش, عبد الصمد; خليل, ماهر باكير; قروي, منذر (12 December 2024). "سوريا ما بعد الأسد.. تجميد الدستور والبرلمان وفتح الأجواء أمام حركة الطيران". الجزيرة نت (in Arabic). Retrieved 13 December 2024.
  40. ^ "Syria's new govt says to suspend constitution, parliament for three months". Brecorder. AFP. 12 December 2024. Retrieved 12 December 2024.
  41. ^ Ahmed Al-Sharaa: The form of authority in #Syria is left to the decisions of experts and legal experts, and the Syrian people are the ones who decide; The next rule will include elections; We will form committees and councils concerned with re-studying the constitution; Efficiency and ability are the basis for evaluation in the next state (in Arabic). 14 December 2024. Al Jazeera Arabic Syria. X Archived 14 December 2024 at Ghost Archive
  42. ^ "1200 شخصية تتحضر للاجتماع في دمشق: لجنة دستورية وأخرى استشارية للرئيس المؤقت". Syria TV (in Arabic). 29 December 2024.
  43. ^ Ebrahim, Nadeen; Salem, Mostafa (30 December 2024). "Syrian elections could take up to 4 years to organize, de facto leader says". CNN. Retrieved 3 January 2025.
  44. ^ "7 دول عربية وتركيا وإيطاليا تجدد علاقاتها الدبلوماسية مع سوريا | الحرة". www.alhurra.com (in Arabic). Retrieved 14 December 2024.
  45. ^ a b "France returns flag to Damascus embassy as new Syria authorities build contacts with West". Arab News. 17 December 2024.
  46. ^ Pamuk, Humeyra; Ismail, Amina; Lewis, Simon (20 December 2024). "US held 'very productive' first meeting with Syria's al-Sharaa". Reuters. Retrieved 22 December 2024.
  47. ^ "Israel has a bargaining chip with Golan Heights – DW – 12/21/2024". dw.com.
  48. ^ "Several countries slam Israeli plans to expand settlements in Syria's Golan". Al Jazeera English.
  49. ^ "What Assad's Fall Means for Israel and Its Regional Relations". United States Institute of Peace.
  50. ^ "Moscow Says 'Part' of Its Diplomatic Personnel in Syria Evacuated By Plane". The Moscow Times. 15 December 2024. Retrieved 29 December 2024.
  51. ^ "Zelenskyy: Ukraine ready to support Syria after Assad's fall". RBC-Ukraine. Retrieved 29 December 2024.
  52. ^ "رسالتان في اختيار السعودية كأول وجهة للإدارة السورية الجديدة | الحرة". www.alhurra.com (in Arabic). Retrieved 3 January 2025.
  53. ^ "New Syrian FM on first official visit to Saudi Arabia aims for regional reset". France 24. 1 January 2025. Retrieved 3 January 2025.
  54. ^ "French, German foreign ministers meet Syria's de facto rulers". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 3 January 2025.
  55. ^ a b "Syria ex-rebel military chief says to dissolve armed wing". France 24. 17 December 2024. Retrieved 21 December 2024.
  56. ^ "An interview with the military commander of Syria's new masters". The Economist. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 21 December 2024.
  57. ^ "Syrian authorities appoint HTS figures as foreign, defence ministers". Al Jazeera English. Retrieved 25 December 2024.
  58. ^ "Syria says ex-rebel groups agree to integrate under Defence Ministry". Al Jazeera English. Retrieved 25 December 2024.
  59. ^ "Iran Update, December 19, 2024". Institute for the Study of War. 19 December 2024. Retrieved 3 January 2025.
  60. ^ "بينهم وزير الدفاع.. القيادة العامة تعلن عن ترقيات جديدة في الجيش السوري". شبكة شام (in Arabic). Retrieved 29 December 2024.
  61. ^ "الشرع يصدر أول قائمة ترفيعات في الجيش.. ضمت أسماء غير سورية". عربي21 (in Arabic). 29 December 2024. Retrieved 29 December 2024.
  62. ^ "Syria appoints some foreign Islamist fighters to its military, sources say". Reuters. 31 December 2024.
  63. ^ "Syrias new Information Minister promises free press". LBCIV7. Retrieved 1 January 2025.
  64. ^ Ebrahim, Nadeen (2 January 2025). "Changes to Syria's school curriculum spark online outrage". CNN. Retrieved 2 January 2025.
  65. ^ "Syria: New government's school curriculum changes spark concern". BBC. Retrieved 3 January 2025.
  66. ^ "شمل "شرح آيات قرآنية".. الحكومة السورية ترد على جدل تعديل المناهج الدراسية | الحرة". www.alhurra.com (in Arabic). Retrieved 3 January 2025.
  67. ^ Al Jazeera Staff. "What to know about Syria's new caretaker government". Al Jazeera English. Retrieved 16 December 2024.
  68. ^ "وزير الاتصالات: رفع الحجب المفروض من نظام الأسد عن المواقع الداعمة للثورة السورية". Syria News (in Arabic). Retrieved 27 December 2024.
  69. ^ "تعيين أنس خطاب رئيساً لجهاز الاستخبارات العامة في سوريا". تلفزيون سوريا (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 26 December 2024. Retrieved 29 December 2024.
  70. ^ "سوريا.. أنس خطاب رئيسا لجهاز الاستخبارات العامة". www.aa.com.tr. Retrieved 29 December 2024.
  71. ^ "الجمارك السورية تستبدل مديرين للمنافذ الحدودية". عنب بلدي (in Arabic). 25 December 2024. Retrieved 30 December 2024. في 18 من كانون الأول الحالي، صدر قرار عن مديرية الجمارك العامة، موقع من مديرها العام الجديد، قتيبة أحمد بدوي، يقضي بحل الضابطة الجمركية في سوريا بكافة مسمياتها وتشكيلاتها، ليصار فيما بعد إلى إعادة تشكيلها على الشكل الذي "يخدم المصلحة العامة". [On 18 December, the General Customs Directorate issued a decision, signed by its new Director General, Qutaiba Ahmed Badawi, to dissolve the customs police in Syria with all its names and formations, to be reconstituted later in a manner that “serves the public interest.”]
  72. ^ "Syrian interim gov't eyes economic reforms, assures ample strategic reserves". Big News Network.com. Retrieved 29 December 2024.
  73. ^ "وزير النفط السوري يكشف التحديات وألمانيا تعلن مساعدات بعيدا عن الإدارة الجديدة". الجزيرة نت.
  74. ^ "وزير النقل السوري: مطارات دمشق وحلب تقترب من استئناف استقبال الرحلات الجوية". صدى البلد. 17 December 2024.
  75. ^ "تلفزيون الخبر |". موقع نبض.
  76. ^ Johanna Moore; Andie Parry; Kelly Campa; et al. (12 December 2024), Iran Update, December 11, 2024, Institute for the Study of War, Wikidata Q131451072, archived from the original on 16 December 2024
  77. ^ "Syrian coalition calls for 'comprehensive, non-sectarian' transitional government". Middle East Monitor. 18 December 2024. Retrieved 19 December 2024.
  78. ^ "Damascus says new Syrian army to include Kurdish forces". Rudaw Media Network. 29 December 2024. Retrieved 29 December 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  79. ^ @Roaastudies (30 December 2024). "قسد تقول إنها مستعدة للتعاون مع الشرع لتكون "نواة الجيش السوري"" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syrian_transitional_government&oldid=1267123731"