Mansurul Haq: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Pakistani admiral}} |
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{{about|former [[Admiral]] Mansurul Haq|[[Brigadier]] (r) Mansoor-ul-Haq Malik|Mansoor-ul-Haq Malik}} |
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{{about|former Admiral M Mansurul Haq|Brigadier (r) Mansoor-ul-Haq Malik|Mansoor-ul-Haq Malik}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2013}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}} |
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{{Infobox officeholder |
{{Infobox officeholder |
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| honorific-prefix = [[Admiral (Pakistan)|Admiral]] |
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| name = Mansurul Haq |
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| native_name = {{nq|منصور الحق}} |
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| native_name_lang = <!--ISO 639-1 code, e.g., "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} in |native_name= instead.--> |
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| honorific-suffix = {{small|[[Nishan-e-Imtiaz|NI(M)]] [[Hilal-i-Imtiaz|HI(M)]] [[Sitara-e-Basalat|SBt]] [[Orders, decorations, and medals of Indonesia#Bintang Jalasena (Navy Meritorious Service Star)|BJSN]]}} |
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| honorific-suffix = |
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| image = File:Admiral Mansurul Haq.jpg |
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| smallimage = <!--If this is specified, "image" should not be.--> |
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| office = 8th [[Chief of Naval Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of Naval Staff]] |
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| term_start = 10 November 1994 |
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| term_end = 1 May 1997 |
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| predecessor = [[Saeed Mohammad Khan]] |
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| successor = [[Fasih Bokhari]] |
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| alongside = <!--For two or more people serving in the same position from the same district. (e.g. United States Senators.)--> |
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| office2 = [[Chairman]] of [[Pakistan National Shipping Corporation]] |
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| monarch = |
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| term_start2 = 17 August 1992 |
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| term_end2 = 6 November 1994 |
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| governor_general = |
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| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1937|10|16}} |
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| primeminister = |
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| birth_place = [[Sialkot]], [[Punjab, British India]] |
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| death_date = |
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| citizenship = {{PAK}} |
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| children = |
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| residence = [[Islamabad]], Pakistan |
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| website = <!--Military service--> |
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| nickname = |
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| allegiance = {{PAK}} |
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| branch = [[File:Naval Jack of Pakistan.svg|20px]] [[Pakistan Navy]] |
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| majority = |
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| serviceyears = 1954–1997 |
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| predecessor =Adm. [[Saeed Mohammad Khan]] |
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| rank = [[File:15-Pakistan Navy-ADM.svg|20px]] [[Admiral]] |
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| unit = [[Pakistan Navy#Branches|Naval Operations Branch]] |
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| prior_term = |
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| commands = [[Pakistan Navy#Naval Commands in Field and Commanders|Commander Pakistan Fleet]]<br />[[Pakistan Navy#Naval Commands in Field and Commanders|Commander Karachi]]<br />[[Joint Staff Headquarters (Pakistan)|DG Joint Training]] at [[JS HQ (Pakistan)|JS HQ]]<br />[[Deputy Chief of the Naval Staff (Pakistan)|DCNS (Personnel)]] at [[NHQ (Pakistan Navy)|NHQ]]<br />[[Director-General|DG]] [[Naval Intelligence (Pakistan)|Naval Intelligence East]] |
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| battles = [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]]<br />[[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]]<br />[[Bangladesh Liberation War]] |
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| mawards = [[File:Nishan-e-Imtiaz.png|30px]] {{small|[[Nishan-i-Imtiaz|Nishan-e-Imtiaz (Military)]]}}<br />'''(withdrawn)'''<br />[[File:Hilal-e-Imtiaz.png|30px]] {{small|[[Hilal-i-Imtiaz|Hilal-e-Imtiaz (Military)]]}}<br />'''(withdrawn)'''<br />[[File:Sitara-e-Basalat.png|30px]] {{small|[[Sitara-i-Basalat|Sitara-e-Basalat]]}}<br />'''(withdrawn)'''<br />[[File:Turkish Armed Forces Medal of Merit.png|30px]] {{small|[[Orders, decorations, and medals of Turkey|Turkish Legion of Merit]]}}<br />[[File:Order of King Abdulaziz, 1st Class (Saudi Arabia).png|30px]] {{small|[[Order of Abdulaziz al Saud|Order of AbdulAziz]]}}<br />[[File:Bintang Jalasena Utama rib.svg|30px]] {{small|[[Orders, decorations, and medals of Indonesia#Bintang Jalasena (Navy Meritorious Service Star)|Bintang Jalasena Utama]]}} |
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| office2 = <!--Can be repeated up to 16 times by changing the number--> |
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| term_start2 =17 August 1992 |
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| term_end2 =06 November 1994 |
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| alongside2 = <!--Can be repeated up to 16 times by changing the number--> |
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| succeeding2 = <!--Can be repeated up to 16 times by changing the number--> |
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| predecessor2 =[[Rear-Admiral|R-Adm]] Jawaid Ali |
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| successor2 =V-Adm. Abaidullah Khan |
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| prior_term2 = <!--Can be repeated up to 16 times by changing the number--> |
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<!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------> |
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| pronunciation = |
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| birth_name =Mansurul Haq |
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| birth_date = {{birth date|1937|10|16}} |
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| birth_place =[[Sialkot]], [[Punjab, British India|Punjab]], [[British Indian Empire|British India]]<br>{{small|(Present-day [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]] in [[Pakistan]])}} |
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| death_date ={{death date and age|2018|02|21|1937|10|16}} |
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| death_place = [[Dubai]], [[UAE|United Arab Emirates]] |
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| death_cause = [[Heart failure|Cardiac Arrest]] |
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| resting_place = [[Karachi War Cemetery|Military graveyard in Karachi]] |
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| citizenship ={{PAK}} |
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| residence =[[Islamabad]], Pakistan |
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<!--Military service--> |
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| allegiance ={{PAK}} |
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| branch =[[File:Naval Jack of Pakistan.svg|20px]] [[Pakistan Navy]] |
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| serviceyears =1954–1997 |
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| rank =[[File:Admiral Pakistan Navy Insignia.JPG|10px]][[File:US-O10 insignia.svg|30px]][[Admiral]] |
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| unit =Naval Operations Branch |
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| commands =[[Pakistan Navy#Commands|Commander Pakistan Fleet]]<br>[[Pakistan Navy#Commands|Commander Karachi]]<br>DG Joint Training, [[JS HQ (Pakistan)|JS HQ]]<br>[[Deputy Chief of the Naval Staff|DCNS (Personnel)]]<br>[[Director-General|DG]] [[Naval Intelligence (Pakistan)|Naval Intelligence (DGNI)]] |
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| battles =[[Indo-Pakistani war of 1965]]<br>[[Bangladesh Liberation War]]<br>[[Indo-Pakistani war of 1971]] |
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| mawards =[[File:Order of Excellence Nishan-e-Imtiaz.png|29px]] [[Nishan-e-Imtiaz]]<br>{{small|(Withdrawn)}}<br>[[File:Crescent of Excellence Hilal-e-Imtiaz.png|30px]][[Hilal-i-Imtiaz]]<br>{{small|(Withdrawn)}}<br>[[File:Star of Good Conduct Sitara-e-Basalat.png|20px]] [[Sitara-e-Basalat]]<br>{{small|(Withdrawn)}} |
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}} |
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'''Mansurul Haq''' |
'''Mansurul Haq''' {{small|{{small|[[Nishan-e-Imtiaz|NI(M)]] [[Hilal-i-Imtiaz|HI(M)]] [[Sitara-e-Basalat|SBt]] [[Orders, decorations, and medals of Indonesia#Bintang Jalasena (Navy Meritorious Service Star)|BJSN]]}}}} ({{langx|ur|{{nq|منصور الحق}}}}; born 16 October 1937) is a former senior officer of the [[Pakistan Navy]] who was forcibly retired from his service in 1997 on the allegations leveled against him in the [[Karachi affair|corruption and kickbacks]] resulting during the [[technology transfer]] of submarines from [[France]].{{cn|date=November 2024}} |
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Driving a policy on anti-corruption by the [[Prime Minister of Pakistan|Prime Minister]] [[Nawaz Sharif]], the [[Naval Intelligence (Pakistan)|Naval Intelligence |
Driving a policy on anti-corruption by the [[Prime Minister of Pakistan|Prime Minister]] [[Nawaz Sharif]], the [[Naval Intelligence (Pakistan)|Naval Intelligence]] exposed his role that led to his resignation on 1 May 1997. His case attracted subsequent media attention in Pakistan after his voluntary return without any extradition case from the [[United States]] by the joint teams of [[Federal Investigation Agency|FIA]] and [[National Accountability Bureau|NAB]]. He was held in [[Prisons in Pakistan|Sihala Prison]] to face accountability.<ref name="BBC">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/1274259.stm "Former Pakistani navy chief arrested"] BBC News, 12 April 2001</ref><ref name="Dawn Newspaper, 2002">{{cite news|last1=Staff Writer|title=Ex-chief of Navy stripped of rank, benefits|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/17343|accessdate=21 August 2017|work=Dawn|location=Pakistan|date=31 January 2002|language=en}}</ref> |
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However, Haq was later released after successfully negotiating a [[plea bargain]] |
However, Haq was later released after successfully negotiating a [[plea bargain]].<ref>[http://www.dawn.com/2002/07/17/local5.htm "Masoorul Haq held in another NAB reference"] ''Dawn'', 17 July 2002</ref> In 2013, he later filed a lawsuit against the [[Government of Pakistan]] at the [[Sindh High Court]], seeking to restore his rank and other privileges. The government restored his rank but not his privileges.<ref name="pakistannewsindex, 2013">{{cite news|last1=staff writer|title=SHC gives govt last chance to reply on Mansurul Haq's petition {{!}} Pakistan News Index|url=https://pakistannewsindex.com/shc-gives-govt-last-chance-to-reply-on-mansurul-haqs-petition/|accessdate=21 August 2017|work=pakistannewsindex.com|agency=pakistannewsindex|publisher=pakistannewsindex|date=12 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170822053620/https://pakistannewsindex.com/shc-gives-govt-last-chance-to-reply-on-mansurul-haqs-petition/|archive-date=22 August 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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==Biography== |
==Biography== |
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Mansurul Haq was born in [[Sialkot]], [[Punjab, British India |
Mansurul Haq was born in [[Sialkot]], [[Punjab, British India]] in 1937 into a [[Punjabi people|Punjabi family]]. After his matriculation in Sialkot, he briefly attended the [[Murray College]] and was [[Commissioned officer|commissioned]] in the [[Pakistan Navy]] in 1954 as [[Midshipman]].{{cn|date=November 2024}} |
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In 1954, he was sent to the [[United Kingdom]] where he attended the [[Britannia Royal Naval College]] in [[Dartmouth, Devon|Dartmouth]] in [[England]], graduated in [[Maritime geography|geography]] course in 1956. |
In 1954, he was sent to the [[United Kingdom]] where he attended the [[Britannia Royal Naval College]] in [[Dartmouth, Devon|Dartmouth]] in [[England]], graduated in [[Maritime geography|geography]] course in 1956.{{cn|date=November 2024}} In 1957, he did his further military training at {{HMS|Excellent|shore establishment|6}} in [[Portsmouth]] where he specialized as [[Naval gunnery|gunnery specialist]], returned to [[Pakistan]] before being promoted as [[Sub lieutenant|sub-lieutenant]] in the Navy in 1958.{{cn|date=November 2024}} In 1964–65, [[Lieutenant (naval)|Lt.]] Haq served in the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965|second war]] with India and was posted in [[East Pakistan]] after the war.{{cn|date=November 2024}} |
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In 1969–71, [[Lieutenant-Commander]] Haq was posted |
In 1969–71, [[Lieutenant-Commander]] Haq was posted in East Pakistan where he was the [[Director (business)|Director]] of the [[Naval Intelligence of Pakistan|Naval Intelligence]], fighting a war against [[India]] in December 1971.<ref name="AGN Kazis' file">{{cite web|last1=Kazi|first1=Dr. AGN|title=Gen Abdul Hamid Khan meets Lt Cdr (later Admiral) Mansur ul Haq in East Pakistan, 1971|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/pimu/4244050697/|website=Flickr|publisher=AGN Kazis' file|accessdate=23 August 2017|language=en-us|year=1971}}</ref> He was taken as [[Pakistani prisoners of war in India|war prisoner]] by [[Indian Army]] and was repatriated back to Pakistan following the [[Delhi Agreement|trilateral agreement]] signed in 1974.<ref name="Dawn newspapers, 2005">{{cite news|last1=Tariq|first1=Kamala|title=KARACHI: Notice issued on Mansur's petition|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/139826/karachi-notice-issued-on-mansur-s-petition|accessdate=23 August 2017|work=Dawn|agency=Dawn|location=Pakistan|date=19 May 2005|language=en-pk}}</ref>{{rp|248–249}}<ref name="Jang Publishers, Sirohey">{{cite book|last1=Sirohey|first1=Iftikhar Ahmed|title=Truth Never Retires: An Autobiography of Admiral Iftikhar Ahmed Sirohey|date=1995|publisher=Jang Publishers|location=Karachi, Sind, Pk|pages=592|edition=1st|language=en-pk}}</ref> |
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His career progressed extremely well in the Navy |
His career progressed extremely well in the Navy and was sent to attend the [[US Naval War College|Naval War College]] in [[Rhode Island]] in the [[United States]] where he graduated in management course.<ref name="EcRev"/> In 1983, [[Captain (naval)|Captain]] Haq was promoted to one-star assignment in the [[NHQ (Pakistan Navy)|Navy NHQ]], and [[Commodore (rank)|Cdre]] Haq briefly tenured as the [[Assistant Chief of the Naval Staff (Pakistan)|ACNS (Ops)]].<ref name="EcRev">Economic Review, Volume 24, Page 94 – Economic & Industrial Publications., 1993</ref> In 1985–89, [[Commodore (rank)|Cdre]] Haq served in the [[Ministry of Defence (Pakistan)|Ministry of Defence]] and later as Director of Joint Training at the [[Joint Staff Headquarters (Pakistan)|JS HQ]] before being promoted to two-star assignment, and [[Rear-Admiral]] Haq was made a senior [[fleet commander]] as Commander Pakistan Fleet (COMPAK), and later as Commander Karachi (COMKAR) in 1991–92.{{rp|337}}<ref name="East & West Publishing Company">{{cite book|title=Pakistan Year Book|date=1992|publisher=East & West Publishing Company|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z8kEAQAAIAAJ&q=mansurul+haq+Commander+Karachi|accessdate=23 August 2017}}</ref> |
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==Chief of Naval Staff== |
==Chief of Naval Staff== |
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{{Main|Karachi affair|l1=Agosta Submarines Scandal}} |
{{Main|Karachi affair|l1=Agosta Submarines Scandal}} |
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In 1992, [[Rear-Admiral]] Haq was promoted to [[Three-star rank|three-star]] assignment |
In 1992, [[Rear-Admiral]] Haq was promoted to [[Three-star rank|three-star]] assignment and was appointed as [[secondment]] at the [[Pakistan National Shipping Corporation|National Shipping Corporation]] (PNSC) by then-[[Chief of Naval Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of Naval Staff]] Admiral [[Saeed Mohammad Khan|S.M. Khan]]. However, his chairmanship was caught between the [[Privatization in Pakistan|privatization policy]] led by then-[[Prime Minister of Pakistan|Prime Minister]] [[Nawaz Sharif]] and Admiral [[Saeed Mohammad Khan|S.M. Khan]], when a civilian bureaucrat filed a petition against his tenureship at the [[Sindh High Court]]. {{rp|contents}}<ref name="Vij Books India Pvt Ltd, Prasad">{{cite book|last1=Prasad|first1=Dr Nitin|title=Contemporary Pakistan: Political System, Military and Changing Scenario|date=2016|publisher=Vij Books India Pvt Ltd|isbn=9789385505270|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FLufCwAAQBAJ&q=mansurul+haq+vice+admiral&pg=PT54|accessdate=23 August 2017|language=en}}</ref> |
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[[Vice-Admiral]] Haq fiercely opposed any attempts of [[Privatization in Pakistan|privatization policy]], causing a stress on the [[civil-military relations]] with the [[Government of Pakistan|civilian federal government]].{{rp|contents}}<ref name="Vij Books India Pvt Ltd, Prasad"/> In 1992, Vice-Admiral Haq announced to sell off the old metal scrap that would raise the revenue of [[United States |
[[Vice-Admiral]] Haq fiercely opposed any attempts of [[Privatization in Pakistan|privatization policy]], causing a stress on the [[civil-military relations]] with the [[Government of Pakistan|civilian federal government]].{{rp|contents}}<ref name="Vij Books India Pvt Ltd, Prasad"/> In 1992, Vice-Admiral Haq announced to sell off the old metal scrap that would raise the revenue of [[United States dollar|US$]]50–60 million to buy new [[cargo ship]]s.{{rp|4}}<ref>{{cite book|title=Lloyd's List Maritime Asia|date=1994|publisher=Lloyd's of London Press|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e7u1AAAAIAAJ&q=mansurul+haq|accessdate=23 August 2017|language=en}}</ref> |
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In 1994, [[Prime Minister of Pakistan|Prime Minister]] [[Benazir Bhutto]] publicly announced to promote [[Vice-Admiral]] Haq as a [[four-star admiral]] in the Navy, appointing him as the [[Chief of Naval Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of Naval Staff]].{{rp|35}}<ref name="AuthorHouse, Anwar"/> The promotion came with controversy since Vice-Admiral Mansur was due retirement a month before the change was due.{{rp|35}}<ref name="AuthorHouse, Anwar">{{cite book|last1=Anwar|first1=Muhammad|last2=Baig|first2=Ebad|title=Pakistan: Time for Change|date=2012|publisher=AuthorHouse|isbn=9781477250303|pages=160|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mb6OOYcrIOYC& |
In 1994, [[Prime Minister of Pakistan|Prime Minister]] [[Benazir Bhutto]] publicly announced to promote [[Vice-Admiral]] Haq as a [[four-star admiral]] in the Navy, appointing him as the [[Chief of Naval Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of Naval Staff]].{{rp|35}}<ref name="AuthorHouse, Anwar"/> The promotion came with controversy since Vice-Admiral Mansur was due retirement a month before the change was due.{{rp|35}}<ref name="AuthorHouse, Anwar">{{cite book|last1=Anwar|first1=Muhammad|last2=Baig|first2=Ebad|title=Pakistan: Time for Change|date=2012|publisher=AuthorHouse|isbn=9781477250303|pages=160|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mb6OOYcrIOYC&q=mansurul+haq++appointed+chief+Bhutto&pg=PA35|accessdate=23 August 2017|language=en|format=google books}}</ref> |
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Although, it was Admiral [[Saeed Mohammad Khan]] who had given a go-ahead of procuring the [[technology transfer]] of the [[Agosta 90B |
Although, it was Admiral [[Saeed Mohammad Khan]] who had given a go-ahead of procuring the [[technology transfer]] of the [[Agosta 90B-class submarine|Agosta 90B submarines]] in 1994 against his discretionary and wanting to directly procure the [[Upholder/Victoria-class submarine|''Victoria''-class]] submarines. Admiral Haq, nonetheless oversaw the financial deals closed in between the [[Bainazir Bhuttoo Government|Benazir administration]] and the administrations of [[François Mitterrand|Mitterrand]] and [[Jacques Chirac|Chirac]] in 1994–97.<ref name="News International, 2011">{{cite news |title=PPP govt, not Navy, purchased French subs, in a deal|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/archive/print/617254-ppp-govt,-not-navy,-purchased-french-subs,-in-a-deal|accessdate=29 August 2017|work=The News International|publisher=News International 2011|date=12 October 2011|location=Islamabad|language=en}}</ref> In 1995, Adm. Haq held additional talks with the [[French Navy]] over the strengthening of the cooperation between two nations.{{rp|56–60}}<ref>{{cite book|title=Daily Report: Near East & South Asia|date=1995|publisher=The Service|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oE2JA6uqTW8C&q=mansurul+haq+admiral|accessdate=8 September 2017|language=en}}</ref> |
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==Dismissal and extradition== |
==Dismissal and extradition== |
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In 1996–97, the [[Naval Intelligence (Pakistan)|Naval Intelligence]] led by [[Rear-Admiral]] [[Tanvir Ahmed (admiral)|Tanvir Ahmed]] began investigating the allegations and rumors at the [[NHQ (Pakistan Navy)|Navy NHQ]] surrounding the role of Admiral [[Saeed Mohammad Khan|S.M. Khan]] and Admiral Haq.<ref name="Dawn News Network, 2010 P-I">{{cite news|last1=Sharif|first1=Arshad|title=REPORTER-Kickbacks and commissions in Agosta submarine case-Part-3-Clip-1|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nW61REqvZrI|accessdate=29 August 2017|work= |
In 1996–97, the [[Naval Intelligence (Pakistan)|Naval Intelligence]] led by [[Rear-Admiral]] [[Tanvir Ahmed (admiral)|Tanvir Ahmed]] began investigating the allegations and rumors at the [[NHQ (Pakistan Navy)|Navy NHQ]] surrounding the role of Admiral [[Saeed Mohammad Khan|S.M. Khan]] and Admiral Haq.<ref name="Dawn News Network, 2010 P-I">{{cite news|last1=Sharif|first1=Arshad|title=REPORTER-Kickbacks and commissions in Agosta submarine case-Part-3-Clip-1|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nW61REqvZrI|accessdate=29 August 2017|work=Dawndate=30 December 2010|location=Islamabad|language=ur|format=watch.tv}}</ref> The whole nation became completely aware of the scandal in 1998, when the scandal was exposed.<ref name="Grosvenor House Publishing, Sehri" /> |
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In driving the anti-corruption policy by then-[[Prime Minister of Pakistan|Prime Minister]] [[Nawaz Sharif]], Admiral Haq's role was exposed by [[Rear-Admiral|R-Adm]] [[Tanvir Ahmed (admiral)|Tanvir Ahmed]], and was forced retired from his four-star commission in 1997.{{rp|90–91}}<ref name="Lancer Publishers, Singh">{{cite book|last1=Singh|first1=Ravi Shekhar Narain Singh|title=The Military Factor in Pakistan|date=2008|publisher=Lancer Publishers|isbn=9780981537894|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wCm2DFZblOYC& |
In driving the anti-corruption policy by then-[[Prime Minister of Pakistan|Prime Minister]] [[Nawaz Sharif]], Admiral Haq's role was exposed by [[Rear-Admiral|R-Adm]] [[Tanvir Ahmed (admiral)|Tanvir Ahmed]], and was forced retired from his four-star commission in 1997.{{rp|90–91}}<ref name="Lancer Publishers, Singh">{{cite book|last1=Singh|first1=Ravi Shekhar Narain Singh|title=The Military Factor in Pakistan|date=2008|publisher=Lancer Publishers|isbn=9780981537894|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wCm2DFZblOYC&q=Mansurul+Haq&pg=PA90|accessdate=8 September 2017|language=en|chapter-format=google books|chapter=military and politics}}</ref><ref name="BBC Pakistan Bureau 2002">{{cite news|last1=Tohid|first1=Owais|title=Pakistan launches submarine|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/2213638.stm|accessdate=29 August 2017|publisher=BBC News|date=24 August 2002|location=Karachi, Pakistan|language=en-gp}}</ref> The [[Naval Police]] and officials of the [[Naval Intelligence (Pakistan)|Naval Intelligence]] led by R-Adm. [[Tanvir Ahmed (admiral)|Tanvir Ahmed]] arrested Admiral Haq but no evidence came out to convict him in 1998.<ref name="Dawn News Network, 2010 P-III">{{cite news|last1=Sharif|first1=Arshad|title=REPORTER- Part-3-Clip-4|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k_MppEZD5LA |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211222/k_MppEZD5LA |archive-date=22 December 2021 |url-status=live|accessdate=29 August 2017|work=Dawn News|date=30 December 2010|location=Karachi, Pakistan|language=ur|format=watch?v}}{{cbignore}}</ref>{{rp|contents}}<ref name="Grosvenor House Publishing 2013">{{cite book|last1=Sehri|first1=Inam|title=Judges and Generals in Pakistan|date=2013|publisher=Grosvenor House Publishing|isbn=9781781482346|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZgRnAgAAQBAJ&q=mansurul+haq+navy+1998&pg=PT411|accessdate=29 August 2017|language=en}}</ref> |
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In 1998, Haq [[Pakistani emigration to the United States|emigrated]] to the [[United States]] and settled in [[Austin, Texas|Austin]] in [[Texas]] where he bought a house.<ref name="NAB Report">{{cite web|last1=Ahmed, PN|first1=Rear Admiral Tanvir|title=CASE STUDY|url=http://www.nab.gov.pk/Downloads/Case_studies/mansoorulhaq.pdf|website= |
In 1998, Haq [[Pakistani emigration to the United States|emigrated]] to the [[United States]] and settled in [[Austin, Texas|Austin]] in [[Texas]] where he bought a house.<ref name="NAB Report">{{cite web|last1=Ahmed, PN|first1=Rear Admiral Tanvir|title=CASE STUDY|url=http://www.nab.gov.pk/Downloads/Case_studies/mansoorulhaq.pdf|website=nab.gov.pk|publisher=NAB Press|accessdate=29 August 2017|location=Islamabad|language=en-pk|year=2001}}</ref> In 1999, the [[National Accountability Bureau]] (NAB) announced to open the investigations on [[Karachi affair|Agosta scandal]], with French [[Tracfin]] aiding the investigations, where major breakthrough in the investigation was made in 2000–01.<ref name="NAB Report"/> |
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In 2001, the [[Court system of Pakistan|anti-corruption courts]] issued the [[arrest warrants]], and [[President of Pakistan|President]] [[Pervez Musharraf]] negotiated with the [[US President|U.S. President]] [[George W. Bush|George Bush]] for his extradition to Pakistan.<ref name="NAB Report"/> The [[Texas Ranger Division|Texas Ranger]] detained him in Texas, and extradited him to Pakistan on 17 April 2001.{{rp|128}}<ref name="BBC"/><ref name="NAB Report"/><ref name="Gyan Publishing House, Sareen">{{cite book|last1=Sareen|first1=Tilak Raj|title=Socio-economic and Political Development in South Asia|date=2004|publisher=Gyan Publishing House|location=Delhi India|isbn=9788182050778|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SqON6vbskCAC& |
In 2001, the [[Court system of Pakistan|anti-corruption courts]] issued the [[arrest warrants]], and [[President of Pakistan|President]] [[Pervez Musharraf]] negotiated with the [[US President|U.S. President]] [[George W. Bush|George Bush]] for his extradition to Pakistan.<ref name="NAB Report"/> The [[Texas Ranger Division|Texas Ranger]] detained him in Texas, and extradited him to Pakistan on 17 April 2001.{{rp|128}}<ref name="BBC"/><ref name="NAB Report"/><ref name="Gyan Publishing House, Sareen">{{cite book|last1=Sareen|first1=Tilak Raj|title=Socio-economic and Political Development in South Asia|date=2004|publisher=Gyan Publishing House|location=Delhi India|isbn=9788182050778|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SqON6vbskCAC&q=Mansurul+Haq+navy&pg=PA128|accessdate=8 September 2017|language=en}}</ref> While Haque had a right to fight for his extradition, he choose not to.<ref name="NAB Report"/> |
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===Lawsuits, imprisonment and release=== |
===Lawsuits, imprisonment and release=== |
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In 2001, the [[Court system of Pakistan|Accountability Court]] inducted Haq in receiving commissions and kickbacks worth [[US Dollar|$]]3.369 million in defence deals.<ref name="Dawn Newspaper, 2001 Iqbal">{{cite news|last1=Iqbal|first1=Nasir|title=ISLAMABAD: Former naval chief indicted in $3.369m kickbacks case|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/2814|accessdate=8 September 2017|work |
In 2001, the [[Court system of Pakistan|Accountability Court]] inducted Haq in receiving commissions and kickbacks worth [[US Dollar|$]]3.369 million in defence deals.<ref name="Dawn Newspaper, 2001 Iqbal">{{cite news|last1=Iqbal|first1=Nasir|title=ISLAMABAD: Former naval chief indicted in $3.369m kickbacks case|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/2814|accessdate=8 September 2017|work=Dawn|location=Pakistan|date=23 October 2001|language=en}}</ref> Civilian prosecution also leveled charges on him of being involved in financial deals made through selling the [[Metal scrap size reduction machine|metal scrap]] through the [[Pakistan National Shipping Corporation|National Shipping Corporation]] (PNSC), which caused the [[Pakistan National Shipping Corporation|PNSC]] to lose [[U.S. Dollar|$]]3 million in national exchequer.<ref name="NAB Report"/> In 2004, the [[Court system of Pakistan|anti-corruption court]] sentenced him in rigorous seven-year rigorous imprisonment and fined [[Pakistan Rupee|₨.]]2 million.<ref>[http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/?page=story_20-3-2003_pg7_9 "SC directs NAB to hire new prosecutor for Mansur trial"] ''Daily Times'', 20 March 2003</ref> Upon being convicted, the naval police shifted him in the [[Punjab Prisons (Pakistan)|Sihala Prison]] in [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]] in [[Pakistan]] but soon began his negotiation with the [[Government of Pakistan]] to return the money as [[plea bargain]] in exchange of light sentence and minimal jail time.<ref name="Dawn Newspaper,2002">{{cite news|last1=Staff writer|title=Ex-chief of Navy stripped of rank, benefits|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/17343|accessdate=8 September 2017|work=Dawn|location=Pakistan|date=31 January 2002|language=en}}</ref> |
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In 2003–05, Haq returned a total sum of [[US Dollar|$]]7.5 million while in office, which were immediately shifted back to Navy's national account.{{rp|71}}<ref>{{cite book|last1=Bureau|first1=Pakistan National Accountability|title=Annual Report|date=2002|publisher=National Accountability Bureau.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p6-NAAAAMAAJ&q=admiral+Mansurul+Haq+7.5 |
In 2003–05, Haq returned a total sum of [[US Dollar|$]]7.5 million while in office, which were immediately shifted back to Navy's national account.{{rp|71}}<ref>{{cite book|last1=Bureau|first1=Pakistan National Accountability|title=Annual Report|date=2002|publisher=National Accountability Bureau.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p6-NAAAAMAAJ&q=admiral+Mansurul+Haq+7.5|accessdate=8 September 2017|language=en}}</ref>{{rp|content}}<ref name="PublicAffairs, Lieven">{{cite book|last1=Lieven|first1=Anatol|title=Pakistan: A Hard Country|date=2012|publisher=PublicAffairs|isbn=9781610391627|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=exBKSo-Pf6cC&q=Mansurul+Haq&pg=PT180|accessdate=8 September 2017|language=en}}</ref> The amount was said to be enough to pay the salaries of entire navy for two years.{{rp|213}}<ref name="Zebra, Hill">{{cite book|last1=Hill|first1=Geoff|title=The Battle for Zimbabwe: The Final Countdown|date=2003|publisher=Zebra|location=London, UK|isbn=9781868726523|pages=300|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wPqDEaeV2hQC&q=Mansurul+Haq+navy&pg=PA213|accessdate=8 September 2017|language=en-gb|chapter-format=google books|chapter=the money trail}}</ref> |
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After transferring the amount back to Navy's account, Haq was released from the prison and all cases against him were closed as part of the deal, eventually settling in [[Karachi]].<ref name="The News International, 2017">{{cite news |
After transferring the amount back to Navy's account, Haq was released from the prison and all cases against him were closed as part of the deal, eventually settling in [[Karachi]].<ref name="The News International, 2017">{{cite news |title=Musharraf tried Haq under NAB law and Navy was not hurt|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/archive/print/635483-musharraf-tried-haq-under-nab-law-and-navy-was-not-hurt|accessdate=8 September 2017|work=The News International|publisher=The News International, 2017|date=12 January 2014|language=en}}</ref> He paid additional [[US Dollar|US$]] 2.5 million which were deposited to Pakistan Navy's account in two easy installment payments, after which, he was released as the [[National Accountability Bureau|NAB agents]] vacated his house in Karachi.<ref>{{cite news|title=NAB agrees to free Admiral Mansur for Rs 457.5 million|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/archive/print/340478-nab-agrees-to-free-admiral-mansur-for-rs-457.5-million|accessdate=8 September 2017|work=The News International|year=2002|language=en}}</ref> |
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In 2013, Haq filed a lawsuit against the [[Government of Pakistan]], seeking to restore his medical privileges, pensions, and four-star rank, at the [[Sindh High Court]].<ref name="pakistannewsindex, 2013" /> Chief Justice of [[Sindh High Court]], Justice [[Faisal Arab]] (now serving as [[List of Justices of the Supreme Court of Pakistan|Justice]] in the [[Supreme Court of Pakistan]]), heard his appeal as Haq cited his 43 years of military service in the Navy who fought the [[Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts|two wars]] where he was taken [[Pakistani prisoners of war in India|war prisoner]] by India in 1971.<ref name="pakistannewsindex, 2013" /> In 2013, the [[Government of Pakistan]] agreed to restore his rank (as former) and limited medical pensions but not all benefits that are enjoyed by four-star officers in the [[Pakistani military]].<ref name="pakistannewsindex, 2013" /> |
In 2013, Haq filed a lawsuit against the [[Government of Pakistan]], seeking to restore his medical privileges, pensions, and four-star rank, at the [[Sindh High Court]].<ref name="pakistannewsindex, 2013" /> Chief Justice of [[Sindh High Court]], Justice [[Faisal Arab]] (now serving as [[List of Justices of the Supreme Court of Pakistan|Justice]] in the [[Supreme Court of Pakistan]]), heard his appeal as Haq cited his 43 years of military service in the Navy who fought the [[Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts|two wars]] where he was taken [[Pakistani prisoners of war in India|war prisoner]] by India in 1971.<ref name="pakistannewsindex, 2013" /> In 2013, the [[Government of Pakistan]] agreed to restore his rank (as former) and limited medical pensions but not all benefits that are enjoyed by four-star officers in the [[Pakistani military]].<ref name="pakistannewsindex, 2013" /> |
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| Line 186: | Line 91: | ||
===Later revelation and subsequent knowledge=== |
===Later revelation and subsequent knowledge=== |
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After the nationwide [[Pakistani general election |
After the nationwide [[2008 Pakistani general election|general elections]] held in 2008, which saw the [[Pakistan Peoples Party]] (PPP) forming the [[Gillani ministry|government]] and [[Asif Ali Zardari|Asif Zardari]] [[2008 Pakistani presidential election|elected]] as [[President of Pakistan|President]], the knowledge on the Agosta submarines scandal became to emerge again, which brought several [[Pakistan Peoples Party|PPP politicians]] being involved in the scandal in public notice.<ref name="Dawn News Network, 2010 P-I" /> Despite many investigative journalism reports and media airing the information gained on the Agosta submarines scandal, Haq remained silent and refused to appear on the [[Media of Pakistan|news media]].<ref name="News International, 2011" /> |
||
Role of Adm. [[Saeed Mohammad Khan|SM Khan]] and others were also implicated, including the role of Aamir Lodhi, an [[arms dealer]] based in France who is also brother of |
Role of Adm. [[Saeed Mohammad Khan|SM Khan]] and others were also implicated, including the role of Aamir Lodhi, an [[arms dealer]] based in France who is also brother of [[Maleeha Lodhi]] former [[Permanent Representative of Pakistan to the United Nations|Permanent Representative of Pakistan]] to the [[United Nations]], she served from February 2015 to September 2019 .<ref name="South Asian Tribune, 2003">{{cite news|last1=Special Report|title=Musharraf Fires US Spy Agency for Pushing Amir Lodhi's Arrest:Maleeha's Fugitive Brother Allowed to Sneak Away from Embassy in Washington|url=http://antisystemic.org/satribune/www.satribune.com/archives/nov9_15_03/P1_maleeha.htm|accessdate=8 September 2017|work=antisystemic.org|publisher=South Asian Tribune, 2003|date=5 November 2003}}</ref> |
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Though, Adm. [[Saeed Mohammad Khan|SM Khan]] denied his role in such deals as the latter wanted to purchase the |
Though, Adm. [[Saeed Mohammad Khan|SM Khan]] denied his role in such deals as the latter wanted to purchase the ''Victoria''-class submarines in 1994.<ref name="News International, 2011" /> |
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In 2010, [[Commodore (rank)|Cdre]] Shahid Ashraf, the [[Director-General|DG]] [[Naval Intelligence|NI]] under Admiral Haq, revealed on the [[Dawn News]] that the submarine deal, for which Admiral Mansurul Haq pleaded guilty, was signed before he took charge as Chief of Naval Staff.<ref name="The News International 2010">{{cite news|last1=staff writer|first1=editorial|title=DG Naval Intelligence ready to spill the beans|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/archive/print/610048-dg-naval-intelligence-ready-to-spill-the-beans|accessdate=8 September 2017|work |
In 2010, [[Commodore (rank)|Cdre]] Shahid Ashraf, the [[Director-General|DG]] [[Naval Intelligence|NI]] under Admiral Haq, revealed on the [[Dawn News]] that the submarine deal, for which Admiral Mansurul Haq pleaded guilty, was signed before he took charge as Chief of Naval Staff.<ref name="The News International 2010">{{cite news|last1=staff writer|first1=editorial|title=DG Naval Intelligence ready to spill the beans|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/archive/print/610048-dg-naval-intelligence-ready-to-spill-the-beans|accessdate=8 September 2017|work=The News International|date=10 November 2010|language=en}}</ref> Shahid Ashraf further claimed that Admiral Haq was not part of the selection team which recommended [[Agosta class submarine|Agosta 90B]] for purchase from France.<ref name="The News International 2010"/> The selection was made during Admiral [[Saeed Mohammad Khan]].<ref name="The News International 2010"/> The selection committee included various Admirals including those who subsequently held senior positions after Admiral Haq was removed from his position. However, Shahid Ashraf did not put forward any evidence that proved Haq's innocence.<ref>{{YouTube|sL-TbIpotLs}}</ref> |
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In June 2010, [[French police|French investigators]] raided the house of Amir Lodhi, and handed over the important documents relating the defence deals to the [[National Accountability Bureau|NAB]]. The reports confiscated by the French investigators revealed to have found in regards involvement of former [[President of Pakistan|President]] [[Asif Ali Zardari]] who had have received [[Euros|€]]33 million while Amir Lodhi's share was [[Euros|€]]2.9 million.<ref>[ |
In June 2010, [[French police|French investigators]] raided the house of Amir Lodhi, and handed over the important documents relating the defence deals to the [[National Accountability Bureau|NAB]]. The reports confiscated by the French investigators revealed to have found in regards involvement of former [[President of Pakistan|President]] [[Asif Ali Zardari]] who had have received [[Euros|€]]33 million while Amir Lodhi's share was [[Euros|€]]2.9 million.<ref>[https://www.nation.com.pk/15-Jan-2011/zardari-pocketed-millions-in-french-subs-deal-report "Zardari 'pocketed millions' in French subs deal: report"] ''Nation'', 15 January 2011</ref> |
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About the case study and trial of the Haq, former [[Chief of Naval Staff (Pakistan)|chief of naval staff]], [[Admiral|Adm.]] [[Abdul Aziz Mirza]] reportedly quoted in the [[Pakistani media|news media]] that "former Naval Chief Mansurul haq was not convicted of Agosta kickbacks but for the bribes he had pocketed in other defence deals."{{rp|contents}}<ref name="Grosvenor House Publishing, Sehri">{{cite book|last1=Sehri|first1=Inam|title=Judges and Generals in Pakistan|date=2013|publisher=Grosvenor House Publishing|isbn=9781781482346|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZgRnAgAAQBAJ& |
About the case study and trial of the Haq, former [[Chief of Naval Staff (Pakistan)|chief of naval staff]], [[Admiral|Adm.]] [[Abdul Aziz Mirza]] reportedly quoted in the [[Pakistani media|news media]] that "former Naval Chief Mansurul haq was not convicted of Agosta kickbacks but for the bribes he had pocketed in other defence deals."{{rp|contents}}<ref name="Grosvenor House Publishing, Sehri">{{cite book|last1=Sehri|first1=Inam|title=Judges and Generals in Pakistan|date=2013|publisher=Grosvenor House Publishing|isbn=9781781482346|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZgRnAgAAQBAJ&q=mansurul+haq+aziz+mirza&pg=PT411|language=en}}</ref> |
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== Awards and decorations == |
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{| style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;" |
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| colspan="4" |{{Ribbon devices|number=0|ribbon=Surface Warfare Officer Insignia.png|width=200}} |
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|- |
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| colspan="4" |{{Ribbon devices|number=0|ribbon=Pak Navy CaS.png|width=55}} |
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|- |
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|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Nishan-e-Imtiaz.png|width=130}} |
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|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Hilal-e-Imtiaz.png|width=130}} |
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|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Sitara-e-Basalat.png|width=130}} |
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|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Tamgha-e-Diffa.png|width=130}} |
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|- |
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|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Sitara-e-Harb 1965 War Ribbon.png|width=130}} |
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|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Sitara-e-Harb 1971 War.png|width=130}} |
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|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Tamgha-e-Jang 1965 War.png|width=130}} |
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|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Tamgha-e-Jang 1971 War.png|width=130}} |
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|- |
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|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=10 years Service Medal.png|width=130}} |
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|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=20 years Service Medal.png|width=130}} |
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|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=30 years Service Medal.png|width=130}} |
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|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=40 years Service Medal (Pakistan Armed Forces).png|width=130}} |
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|- |
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|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Tamgha-e-Sad Saala Jashan-e-Wiladat-e-Quaid-e-Azam.png|width=130}} |
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|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Republic Medal 1956 (Pakistan).png|width=130}} |
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|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Hijri Tamgha.png|width=130}} |
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|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Jamhuriat Tamgha 1988.png|width=130}} |
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|- |
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|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Qarardad-e-Pakistan Tamgha Pakistan.svg|width=130}} |
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|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Turkish Armed Forces Medal of Merit.png|width=130}} |
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|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Order of King Abdulaziz, 1st Class (Saudi Arabia).png|width=130}} |
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|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Bintang Jalasena Utama rib.svg|width=130}} |
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|} |
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{| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;" |
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| colspan="4" |'''[[Pakistan Navy]]''' Operations Branch Badge |
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|- |
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| colspan="4" |'''[[Command at Sea insignia]]''' |
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|- |
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|'''[[Nishan-e-Imtiaz]]''' |
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'''[[Nishan-e-Imtiaz|(Military)]]''' |
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''(Order of Excellence)'' |
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|[[Hilal-i-Imtiaz|'''Hilal-e-Imtiaz''']] |
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'''[[Hilal-i-Imtiaz|(Military)]]''' |
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''(Crescent of Excellence)'' |
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|'''[[Sitara-e-Basalat]]''' |
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''(Star of Good Conduct)'' |
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|'''[[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces#Campaign / war medals|Tamgha-e-Diffa]]''' |
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''(General Service Medal)'' |
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|- |
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|[[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces#Campaign / war medals|'''Sitara-e-Harb''' '''1965 War''']] |
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''(War Star 1965)'' |
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|[[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces#Campaign / war medals|'''Sitara-e-Harb''' '''1971 War''']] |
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''(War Star 1971)'' |
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|'''[[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces#Campaign / war medals|Tamgha-e-Jang 1965 War]]''' |
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''(War Medal 1965)'' |
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|'''[[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces#Campaign / war medals|Tamgha-e-Jang 1971 War]]''' |
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(''War Medal 1971'') |
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|- |
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|'''[[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces#Long service medals|10 Years Service Medal]]''' |
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|'''[[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces#Long service medals|20 Years Service Medal]]''' |
|||
|'''[[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces#Long service medals|30 Years Service Medal]]''' |
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|'''[[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces#Long service medals|40 Years Service Medal]]''' |
|||
|- |
|||
|'''[[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces#Commemorative medals|Tamgha-e-Sad Saala Jashan-e-]]''' |
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'''[[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces#Commemorative medals|Wiladat-e-Quaid-e-Azam]]''' |
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''(100th Birth Anniversary of'' |
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''[[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]])'' |
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'''1976''' |
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|'''[[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces#Commemorative medals|Tamgha-e-Jamhuria]]''' |
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''(Republic Commemoration Medal)'' |
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'''1956''' |
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|'''[[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces#Commemorative medals|Hijri Tamgha]]''' |
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''(Hijri Medal)'' |
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'''1979''' |
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|'''[[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces#Commemorative medals|Jamhuriat Tamgha]]''' |
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''(Democracy Medal)'' |
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'''1988''' |
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|- |
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|'''[[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces#Commemorative medals|Qarardad-e-Pakistan Tamgha]]''' |
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''(Resolution Day'' |
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''Golden Jubilee Medal)'' |
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'''1990''' |
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|[[Order of Merit of the Republic of Turkey|'''Turkish Legion of Merit''']] |
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'''([[Turkey]])''' |
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|'''[[Order of Abdulaziz al Saud|Order of King Abdulaziz]]''' |
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'''([[Saudi Arabia]])''' |
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|'''[[Orders, decorations, and medals of Indonesia#Bintang Jalasena (Navy Meritorious Service Star)|Bintang Jalasena Utama]]''' |
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'''([[Indonesia]])''' |
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|} |
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=== Foreign Decorations === |
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{| class="wikitable" |
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! colspan="3" style="background:#006400; color:#FFFFFF; text-align:center" |'''Foreign Awards''' |
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|- |
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!'''{{flag|Turkey}}''' |
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|[[Order of Merit of the Republic of Turkey|'''The Legion of Merit Turkey''']] |
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|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Turkish Armed Forces Medal of Merit.png|width=130}} |
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|- |
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!{{flag|Saudi Arabia}} |
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|'''[[Order of Abdulaziz al Saud|Order of King Abdulaziz]]''' |
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|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Order of King Abdulaziz, 1st Class (Saudi Arabia).png|width=130}} |
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|- |
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!'''{{flag|Indonesia}}''' |
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Latest revision as of 18:31, 25 December 2024
Mansurul Haq | |
|---|---|
| منصور الحق | |
 | |
| 8th Chief of Naval Staff | |
| In office 10 November 1994 – 1 May 1997 | |
| Preceded by | Saeed Mohammad Khan |
| Succeeded by | Fasih Bokhari |
| Chairman of Pakistan National Shipping Corporation | |
| In office 17 August 1992 – 6 November 1994 | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 16 October 1937 Sialkot, Punjab, British India |
| Citizenship |  Pakistan |
| Residence(s) | Islamabad, Pakistan |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance | Pakistan |
| Branch/service |  Pakistan Navy |
| Years of service | 1954–1997 |
| Rank |  Admiral |
| Unit | Naval Operations Branch |
| Commands | Commander Pakistan Fleet Commander Karachi DG Joint Training at JS HQ DCNS (Personnel) at NHQ DG Naval Intelligence East |
| Battles/wars | Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War |
| Awards |  Nishan-e-Imtiaz (Military)(withdrawn)  Hilal-e-Imtiaz (Military)(withdrawn)  Sitara-e-Basalat(withdrawn)  Turkish Legion of Merit.png){kind=small} Order of AbdulAziz Bintang Jalasena Utama |
Mansurul Haq NI(M) HI(M) SBt BJSN (Urdu: منصور الحق; born 16 October 1937) is a former senior officer of the Pakistan Navy who was forcibly retired from his service in 1997 on the allegations leveled against him in the corruption and kickbacks resulting during the technology transfer of submarines from France.[citation needed]
Driving a policy on anti-corruption by the Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif, the Naval Intelligence exposed his role that led to his resignation on 1 May 1997. His case attracted subsequent media attention in Pakistan after his voluntary return without any extradition case from the United States by the joint teams of FIA and NAB. He was held in Sihala Prison to face accountability.[1][2]
However, Haq was later released after successfully negotiating a plea bargain.[3] In 2013, he later filed a lawsuit against the Government of Pakistan at the Sindh High Court, seeking to restore his rank and other privileges. The government restored his rank but not his privileges.[4]
Biography
[edit]Mansurul Haq was born in Sialkot, Punjab, British India in 1937 into a Punjabi family. After his matriculation in Sialkot, he briefly attended the Murray College and was commissioned in the Pakistan Navy in 1954 as Midshipman.[citation needed]
In 1954, he was sent to the United Kingdom where he attended the Britannia Royal Naval College in Dartmouth in England, graduated in geography course in 1956.[citation needed] In 1957, he did his further military training at HMS Excellent in Portsmouth where he specialized as gunnery specialist, returned to Pakistan before being promoted as sub-lieutenant in the Navy in 1958.[citation needed] In 1964–65, Lt. Haq served in the second war with India and was posted in East Pakistan after the war.[citation needed]
In 1969–71, Lieutenant-Commander Haq was posted in East Pakistan where he was the Director of the Naval Intelligence, fighting a war against India in December 1971.[5] He was taken as war prisoner by Indian Army and was repatriated back to Pakistan following the trilateral agreement signed in 1974.[6]: 248–249 [7]
His career progressed extremely well in the Navy and was sent to attend the Naval War College in Rhode Island in the United States where he graduated in management course.[8] In 1983, Captain Haq was promoted to one-star assignment in the Navy NHQ, and Cdre Haq briefly tenured as the ACNS (Ops).[8] In 1985–89, Cdre Haq served in the Ministry of Defence and later as Director of Joint Training at the JS HQ before being promoted to two-star assignment, and Rear-Admiral Haq was made a senior fleet commander as Commander Pakistan Fleet (COMPAK), and later as Commander Karachi (COMKAR) in 1991–92.: 337 [9]
Chief of Naval Staff
[edit]In 1992, Rear-Admiral Haq was promoted to three-star assignment and was appointed as secondment at the National Shipping Corporation (PNSC) by then-Chief of Naval Staff Admiral S.M. Khan. However, his chairmanship was caught between the privatization policy led by then-Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif and Admiral S.M. Khan, when a civilian bureaucrat filed a petition against his tenureship at the Sindh High Court. : contents [10]
Vice-Admiral Haq fiercely opposed any attempts of privatization policy, causing a stress on the civil-military relations with the civilian federal government.: contents [10] In 1992, Vice-Admiral Haq announced to sell off the old metal scrap that would raise the revenue of US$50–60 million to buy new cargo ships.: 4 [11]
In 1994, Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto publicly announced to promote Vice-Admiral Haq as a four-star admiral in the Navy, appointing him as the Chief of Naval Staff.: 35 [12] The promotion came with controversy since Vice-Admiral Mansur was due retirement a month before the change was due.: 35 [12]
Although, it was Admiral Saeed Mohammad Khan who had given a go-ahead of procuring the technology transfer of the Agosta 90B submarines in 1994 against his discretionary and wanting to directly procure the Victoria-class submarines. Admiral Haq, nonetheless oversaw the financial deals closed in between the Benazir administration and the administrations of Mitterrand and Chirac in 1994–97.[13] In 1995, Adm. Haq held additional talks with the French Navy over the strengthening of the cooperation between two nations.: 56–60 [14]
Dismissal and extradition
[edit]In 1996–97, the Naval Intelligence led by Rear-Admiral Tanvir Ahmed began investigating the allegations and rumors at the Navy NHQ surrounding the role of Admiral S.M. Khan and Admiral Haq.[15] The whole nation became completely aware of the scandal in 1998, when the scandal was exposed.[16]
In driving the anti-corruption policy by then-Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif, Admiral Haq's role was exposed by R-Adm Tanvir Ahmed, and was forced retired from his four-star commission in 1997.: 90–91 [17][18] The Naval Police and officials of the Naval Intelligence led by R-Adm. Tanvir Ahmed arrested Admiral Haq but no evidence came out to convict him in 1998.[19]: contents [20]
In 1998, Haq emigrated to the United States and settled in Austin in Texas where he bought a house.[21] In 1999, the National Accountability Bureau (NAB) announced to open the investigations on Agosta scandal, with French Tracfin aiding the investigations, where major breakthrough in the investigation was made in 2000–01.[21]
In 2001, the anti-corruption courts issued the arrest warrants, and President Pervez Musharraf negotiated with the U.S. President George Bush for his extradition to Pakistan.[21] The Texas Ranger detained him in Texas, and extradited him to Pakistan on 17 April 2001.: 128 [1][21][22] While Haque had a right to fight for his extradition, he choose not to.[21]
Lawsuits, imprisonment and release
[edit]In 2001, the Accountability Court inducted Haq in receiving commissions and kickbacks worth $3.369 million in defence deals.[23] Civilian prosecution also leveled charges on him of being involved in financial deals made through selling the metal scrap through the National Shipping Corporation (PNSC), which caused the PNSC to lose $3 million in national exchequer.[21] In 2004, the anti-corruption court sentenced him in rigorous seven-year rigorous imprisonment and fined ₨.2 million.[24] Upon being convicted, the naval police shifted him in the Sihala Prison in Punjab in Pakistan but soon began his negotiation with the Government of Pakistan to return the money as plea bargain in exchange of light sentence and minimal jail time.[25]
In 2003–05, Haq returned a total sum of $7.5 million while in office, which were immediately shifted back to Navy's national account.: 71 [26]: content [27] The amount was said to be enough to pay the salaries of entire navy for two years.: 213 [28]
After transferring the amount back to Navy's account, Haq was released from the prison and all cases against him were closed as part of the deal, eventually settling in Karachi.[29] He paid additional US$ 2.5 million which were deposited to Pakistan Navy's account in two easy installment payments, after which, he was released as the NAB agents vacated his house in Karachi.[30]
In 2013, Haq filed a lawsuit against the Government of Pakistan, seeking to restore his medical privileges, pensions, and four-star rank, at the Sindh High Court.[4] Chief Justice of Sindh High Court, Justice Faisal Arab (now serving as Justice in the Supreme Court of Pakistan), heard his appeal as Haq cited his 43 years of military service in the Navy who fought the two wars where he was taken war prisoner by India in 1971.[4] In 2013, the Government of Pakistan agreed to restore his rank (as former) and limited medical pensions but not all benefits that are enjoyed by four-star officers in the Pakistani military.[4]
Aftermath of Agosta submarine scandal
[edit]Later revelation and subsequent knowledge
[edit]After the nationwide general elections held in 2008, which saw the Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) forming the government and Asif Zardari elected as President, the knowledge on the Agosta submarines scandal became to emerge again, which brought several PPP politicians being involved in the scandal in public notice.[15] Despite many investigative journalism reports and media airing the information gained on the Agosta submarines scandal, Haq remained silent and refused to appear on the news media.[13]
Role of Adm. SM Khan and others were also implicated, including the role of Aamir Lodhi, an arms dealer based in France who is also brother of Maleeha Lodhi former Permanent Representative of Pakistan to the United Nations, she served from February 2015 to September 2019 .[31]
Though, Adm. SM Khan denied his role in such deals as the latter wanted to purchase the Victoria-class submarines in 1994.[13]
In 2010, Cdre Shahid Ashraf, the DG NI under Admiral Haq, revealed on the Dawn News that the submarine deal, for which Admiral Mansurul Haq pleaded guilty, was signed before he took charge as Chief of Naval Staff.[32] Shahid Ashraf further claimed that Admiral Haq was not part of the selection team which recommended Agosta 90B for purchase from France.[32] The selection was made during Admiral Saeed Mohammad Khan.[32] The selection committee included various Admirals including those who subsequently held senior positions after Admiral Haq was removed from his position. However, Shahid Ashraf did not put forward any evidence that proved Haq's innocence.[33]
In June 2010, French investigators raided the house of Amir Lodhi, and handed over the important documents relating the defence deals to the NAB. The reports confiscated by the French investigators revealed to have found in regards involvement of former President Asif Ali Zardari who had have received €33 million while Amir Lodhi's share was €2.9 million.[34]
About the case study and trial of the Haq, former chief of naval staff, Adm. Abdul Aziz Mirza reportedly quoted in the news media that "former Naval Chief Mansurul haq was not convicted of Agosta kickbacks but for the bribes he had pocketed in other defence deals.": contents [16]
Awards and decorations
[edit]
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| Pakistan Navy Operations Branch Badge | |||
| Command at Sea insignia | |||
| Nishan-e-Imtiaz
(Order of Excellence) |
Hilal-e-Imtiaz
(Crescent of Excellence) |
Sitara-e-Basalat
(Star of Good Conduct) |
Tamgha-e-Diffa
(General Service Medal) |
| Sitara-e-Harb 1965 War
(War Star 1965) |
Sitara-e-Harb 1971 War
(War Star 1971) |
Tamgha-e-Jang 1965 War
(War Medal 1965) |
Tamgha-e-Jang 1971 War
(War Medal 1971) |
| 10 Years Service Medal | 20 Years Service Medal | 30 Years Service Medal | 40 Years Service Medal |
| Tamgha-e-Sad Saala Jashan-e-
(100th Birth Anniversary of 1976 |
Tamgha-e-Jamhuria
(Republic Commemoration Medal) 1956 |
Hijri Tamgha
(Hijri Medal) 1979 |
Jamhuriat Tamgha
(Democracy Medal) 1988 |
| Qarardad-e-Pakistan Tamgha
(Resolution Day Golden Jubilee Medal) 1990 |
Turkish Legion of Merit
(Turkey) |
Order of King Abdulaziz | Bintang Jalasena Utama |
Foreign Decorations
[edit]| Foreign Awards | ||
|---|---|---|
 Turkey
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The Legion of Merit Turkey |
|
 Saudi Arabia
|
Order of King Abdulaziz |
|
 Indonesia
|
Bintang Jalasena Utama |
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See also
[edit]- Agosta submarine scandal
- Corruption charges against Benazir Bhutto and Asif Ali Zardari
- Corruption in Pakistan
- Military scandals
- National Accountability Bureau
References
[edit]- ^ a b "Former Pakistani navy chief arrested" BBC News, 12 April 2001
- ^ Staff Writer (31 January 2002). "Ex-chief of Navy stripped of rank, benefits". Dawn. Pakistan. Retrieved 21 August 2017.
- ^ "Masoorul Haq held in another NAB reference" Dawn, 17 July 2002
- ^ a b c d staff writer (12 October 2013). "SHC gives govt last chance to reply on Mansurul Haq's petition | Pakistan News Index". pakistannewsindex.com. pakistannewsindex. pakistannewsindex. Archived from the original on 22 August 2017. Retrieved 21 August 2017.
- ^ Kazi, Dr. AGN (1971). "Gen Abdul Hamid Khan meets Lt Cdr (later Admiral) Mansur ul Haq in East Pakistan, 1971". Flickr. AGN Kazis' file. Retrieved 23 August 2017.
- ^ Tariq, Kamala (19 May 2005). "KARACHI: Notice issued on Mansur's petition". Dawn. Pakistan. Dawn. Retrieved 23 August 2017.
- ^ Sirohey, Iftikhar Ahmed (1995). Truth Never Retires: An Autobiography of Admiral Iftikhar Ahmed Sirohey (1st ed.). Karachi, Sind, Pk: Jang Publishers. p. 592.
- ^ a b Economic Review, Volume 24, Page 94 – Economic & Industrial Publications., 1993
- ^ Pakistan Year Book. East & West Publishing Company. 1992. Retrieved 23 August 2017.
- ^ a b Prasad, Dr Nitin (2016). Contemporary Pakistan: Political System, Military and Changing Scenario. Vij Books India Pvt Ltd. ISBN 9789385505270. Retrieved 23 August 2017.
- ^ Lloyd's List Maritime Asia. Lloyd's of London Press. 1994. Retrieved 23 August 2017.
- ^ a b Anwar, Muhammad; Baig, Ebad (2012). Pakistan: Time for Change (google books). AuthorHouse. p. 160. ISBN 9781477250303. Retrieved 23 August 2017.
- ^ a b c "PPP govt, not Navy, purchased French subs, in a deal". The News International. Islamabad: News International 2011. 12 October 2011. Retrieved 29 August 2017.
- ^ Daily Report: Near East & South Asia. The Service. 1995. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
- ^ a b Sharif, Arshad. "REPORTER-Kickbacks and commissions in Agosta submarine case-Part-3-Clip-1" (watch.tv). Dawndate=30 December 2010 (in Urdu). Islamabad. Retrieved 29 August 2017.
- ^ a b Sehri, Inam (2013). Judges and Generals in Pakistan. Grosvenor House Publishing. ISBN 9781781482346.
- ^ Singh, Ravi Shekhar Narain Singh (2008). "military and politics" (google books). The Military Factor in Pakistan. Lancer Publishers. ISBN 9780981537894. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
- ^ Tohid, Owais (24 August 2002). "Pakistan launches submarine". Karachi, Pakistan: BBC News. Retrieved 29 August 2017.
- ^ Sharif, Arshad (30 December 2010). "REPORTER- Part-3-Clip-4" (watch?v). Dawn News (in Urdu). Karachi, Pakistan. Archived from the original on 22 December 2021. Retrieved 29 August 2017.
- ^ Sehri, Inam (2013). Judges and Generals in Pakistan. Grosvenor House Publishing. ISBN 9781781482346. Retrieved 29 August 2017.
- ^ a b c d e f Ahmed, PN, Rear Admiral Tanvir (2001). "CASE STUDY" (PDF). nab.gov.pk. Islamabad: NAB Press. Retrieved 29 August 2017.
- ^ Sareen, Tilak Raj (2004). Socio-economic and Political Development in South Asia. Delhi India: Gyan Publishing House. ISBN 9788182050778. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
- ^ Iqbal, Nasir (23 October 2001). "ISLAMABAD: Former naval chief indicted in $3.369m kickbacks case". Dawn. Pakistan. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
- ^ "SC directs NAB to hire new prosecutor for Mansur trial" Daily Times, 20 March 2003
- ^ Staff writer (31 January 2002). "Ex-chief of Navy stripped of rank, benefits". Dawn. Pakistan. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
- ^ Bureau, Pakistan National Accountability (2002). Annual Report. National Accountability Bureau. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
{{cite book}}:|last1=has generic name (help) - ^ Lieven, Anatol (2012). Pakistan: A Hard Country. PublicAffairs. ISBN 9781610391627. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
- ^ Hill, Geoff (2003). "the money trail" (google books). The Battle for Zimbabwe: The Final Countdown. London, UK: Zebra. p. 300. ISBN 9781868726523. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
- ^ "Musharraf tried Haq under NAB law and Navy was not hurt". The News International. The News International, 2017. 12 January 2014. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
- ^ "NAB agrees to free Admiral Mansur for Rs 457.5 million". The News International. 2002. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
- ^ Special Report (5 November 2003). "Musharraf Fires US Spy Agency for Pushing Amir Lodhi's Arrest:Maleeha's Fugitive Brother Allowed to Sneak Away from Embassy in Washington". antisystemic.org. South Asian Tribune, 2003. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
- ^ a b c staff writer, editorial (10 November 2010). "DG Naval Intelligence ready to spill the beans". The News International. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
- ^ Video on YouTube
- ^ "Zardari 'pocketed millions' in French subs deal: report" Nation, 15 January 2011
External links
[edit]- Prasad, Dr. Nitin (2016). Contemporary Pakistan: Political System, Military and Changing Scenario. Vij Books India Pvt Ltd. ISBN 9789385505270. Retrieved 23 August 2017
- Singh, Ravi Shekhar Narain Singh (2008). "military and politics". The Military Factor in Pakistan (google books). Lancer Publishers. ISBN 9780981537894. Retrieved 8 September 2017
- Ahmed, PN, Rear-Admiral Tanvir (2001). "CASE STUDY" (PDF). www.nab.gov.pk. Islamabad: NAB Press. Retrieved 29 August 2017
- Chairmen of the Pakistan National Shipping Corporation
Media coverage
[edit]- Reporters aired by Dawn News, in a host of Arshad Sharif.
Categories:
- 1937 births
- People from Sialkot
- Graduates of Britannia Royal Naval College
- Pakistani military personnel of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971
- Pakistani prisoners of war
- Naval War College alumni
- Pakistan Naval War College alumni
- Government of Benazir Bhutto staffers and personnel
- Pakistani chief executives
- Chiefs of Naval Staff (Pakistan)
- Pakistani expatriates in the United States
- Corruption in Pakistan
- Pakistani prisoners and detainees
- Prisoners and detainees of Pakistan
- Prisoners and detainees of the United States federal government
- Prisoners and detainees of Texas
- Pakistani expatriates in the United Arab Emirates
- Military personnel from Karachi