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[[File:Drop_tower_ride.jpg|150px|thumbnail|right|[[Sky Ranch]] Philippines]]
[[File:Drop_tower_ride.jpg|150px|thumbnail|right|[[Sky Ranch]] Philippines]]


<!-- Article body needs expansion with more prose. Consider moving info out of the lead and into the body. -->
A '''drop tower''' or '''big drop''' is a type of [[amusement park ride]] incorporating a central structure or tower. Drop towers vary in height, passenger capacity, lift type, and [[brake]] type. Many are custom-made, although there are some mass-produced designs. The most widely sold drop towers have been manufactured by [[Intamin]] and [[S&S Sansei]], however Larson International and [[Funtime (manufacturer)|Funtime]] have their own drop tower models available as well. Riders initially experience a sense of [[weightlessness]] via [[free fall]], followed by rapid [[deceleration]], after which a magnetic brake system brings the ride to a stop. The entire experience generally lasts less than one minute.
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A '''drop tower''' is a type of [[amusement park ride]] incorporating a central tower structure with one or more [[Gondola lift|gondola]]s attached. In a typical modern configuration, each gondola carrying riders is lifted to the top of the tower and then released to [[free fall]] back down to ground level. This produces a feeling of [[weightlessness]] followed by rapid deceleration. A magnetic braking system, or a variation that relies on pistons and air pressure, is used to safely bring the gondola to a complete stop.<ref name="McCarter" /> One of the earliest drop towers configured as an amusement ride was a parachute ride that debuted at the [[1939 New York World's Fair]], which was inspired by paratrooper training devices used by the [[Soviet Union]] in the 1920s.<ref name="McCarter">{{cite web |last1=McCarter |first1=Reid |title=YouTuber explains why riders don't splatter into human puddles on "drop tower" rides |url=https://www.avclub.com/youtuber-explains-why-riders-dont-splatter-into-human-p-1844163554 |website=[[The A.V. Club]] |access-date=September 3, 2024 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240903233807/https://www.avclub.com/youtuber-explains-why-riders-dont-splatter-into-human-p-1844163554 |archive-date=September 3, 2024 |date=June 25, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="ArtofEngineering" />


Swiss manufacturer [[Intamin]] renewed interest decades later when it pioneered the modern drop tower with an early iteration released in the 1980s, which was later refined to use magnetic braking systems in the 1990s. This led to larger models, such as the Giant Drop and Gyro Drop. [[S&S Sansei]] modified the concept and released their own variation that employs [[pneumatics]], which involves pistons, air pressure, and steel cables to control the speed of the gondola at all times. This variation can move the gondola at speeds faster than free fall and can alternatively be configured to accelerate gondolas in the opposite direction, moving at fast speeds up the tower as well as down.<ref name="ArtofEngineering">{{cite AV media |date=June 21, 2020 |title=How Drop Tower Rides Work |type=Video |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=av-WqguS8UI |access-date=September 3, 2024 |via=YouTube |publisher=Art of Engineering}}</ref>
With most drop towers, a [[Gondola lift|gondola]] carrying riders is lifted to the top of a large vertical structure, then released to free-fall down the tower. Magnetic brakes immediately slow the gondola as it approaches the bottom half of the tower. Some attractions have expanded on the design concept, with features such as rotating gondolas or several bounces before coming to rest.{{Citation needed|date=September 2021}} At [[Busch Gardens Tampa Bay]], for example, ''[[Falcon's Fury]]'' takes riders to the top of a 335’ (102 m)-tall tower before an automated system slowly rotates the seats forward to face the ground, greatly enhancing the sensation of ‘falling’; the seats automatically return to their normal, forward-facing position just before the end of the ride.


Drop towers can vary in height and capacity, and some models are either mass-produced or custom. Newer features include gondolas that rotate along the vertical plane, tilting riders so they are facing the ground prior to the gondola's release. [[Falcon's Fury]] at [[Busch Gardens Tampa Bay]], for example, is a {{convert|335|ft|adj=on}} tower that rotates riders to face the ground, and then returns riders to an upright position as the gondola nears the end of the drop.
Most drop towers require child riders to meet a minimum height; limits vary widely depending upon the nature of the tower, with a {{Convert|30|ft|m|0|adj=on|order=flip}} tower for smaller children at least {{Convert|95|cm|in}} tall,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.draytonmanor.co.uk/thomas-land.php?sub=height-restriction-guide |title=Ride with 95cm height requirement |access-date=July 8, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120702151642/https://www.draytonmanor.co.uk/thomas-land.php?sub=height-restriction-guide |archive-date=July 2, 2012|url-status=dead }}</ref> and a {{Convert|120|ft|m|adj=on|order=flip}} tower for children at least {{Convert|130|cm|in}} tall.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thorpepark.com/rides/detonator.aspx |title=Ride with 130cm height requirement |access-date=July 8, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160403161832/https://www.thorpepark.com/rides/detonator.aspx |archive-date=April 3, 2016|url-status=dead }}</ref>

These rides also have weight restrictions. Not following the restrictions is what caused Tyre Sampson's death on March 24, 2022, at ICON Park in Orlando, Florida.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/operator-error-was-factor-ride-florida-amusement-park-teen-died-rcna24827|title=Operator 'mis-adjustments' made Florida ride where teen fell to his death unsafe, officials say|date=April 18, 2022|last1=Planas|first1=Antonio|last2=Fitzsimons|first2=Tim|website=[[NBC News]]}}</ref>


==Drop tower designs==
==Drop tower designs==
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! Record holder
! Record holder
|- style="background:#dfd;"
|- style="background:#dfd;"
| 1
| ''---''
| '''[[Zumanjaro: Drop of Doom]]'''
| '''[[Zumanjaro: Drop of Doom|''Zumanjaro: Drop of Doom'']]'''
| [[Six Flags Great Adventure]]
| [[Six Flags Great Adventure]]
| [[Jackson Township, New Jersey|Jackson Township]], [[New Jersey]], United States
| [[Jackson Township, New Jersey|Jackson Township]], [[New Jersey]], United States
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| {{Convert|456|ft|m|order=flip}}
| {{Convert|456|ft|m|order=flip}}
| [[Intamin]]
| [[Intamin]]
| July 2014 – Present
| July 2014 – November 2024
|- style="background:#D3D3D3;"
|- style="background:#dfd;"
| &mdash;
| ''---''
| ''Orlando FreeFall''
| ''Orlando FreeFall''
| [[ICON Park]]
| [[Icon Park]]
| [[Orlando, Florida|Orlando]], [[Florida]], United States
| [[Orlando, Florida|Orlando]], [[Florida]], United States
| 120 metres (400 feet)
| {{Convert|400|ft|m|order=flip}}
| 130 metres (430 feet)
| {{Convert|430|ft|m|order=flip}}
| [[Funtime (manufacturer)|Funtime]]
|[[Funtime (manufacturer)|Funtime]]
|December 28, 2021 - March 24, 2022
| {{N/A}}
|- style="background:#dfd;"
|- style="background:#dfd;"
|2
| 1
| '''[[Lex Luthor: Drop of Doom]]''' || [[Six Flags Magic Mountain]] || [[Valencia, Santa Clarita, California|Valencia]], [[California]], United States || {{convert|400|ft|m|order=flip}} || {{convert|415|ft|m|order=flip}} || [[Intamin]] || July 2012 – July 2014
| '''[[Lex Luthor: Drop of Doom]]''' || [[Six Flags Magic Mountain]] || [[Valencia, Santa Clarita, California|Valencia]], [[California]], United States || {{convert|400|ft|m|order=flip}} || {{convert|415|ft|m|order=flip}} || [[Intamin]] || July 2012 – July 2014. November 2024 - Current
|- style="background:#dfd;"
|- style="background:#dfd;"
| 3
| 2
| '''[[The Giant Drop]]''' || [[Dreamworld (Australian theme park)|Dreamworld]] || [[Coomera, Queensland]], Australia || {{convert|377|ft|m|order=flip}} || {{convert|390|ft|m|abbr=|order=flip}}||[[Intamin]] || December 1998 – July 2012
| '''[[The Giant Drop]]''' || [[Dreamworld (Australian theme park)|Dreamworld]] || [[Coomera, Queensland]], Australia || {{convert|119|m|ft|order=out}}|| {{convert|390|ft|m|abbr=|order=flip}}||[[Intamin]] || December 1998 – July 2012
|-
|-
| 4
| 3
| [[Highlander (Hansa-Park)|Highlander]]
| [[Highlander (Hansa-Park)|Highlander]]
| [[Hansa-Park]]
| [[Hansa-Park]]
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| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
|-
| 5 || La Venganza del Enigma || [[Parque Warner Madrid]] || [[Madrid]], Spain || {{convert|328|ft|m|order=flip}} || {{convert|377|ft|m|order=flip}} || [[S&S Worldwide]] || {{N/a}}
| 4 || La Venganza del Enigma || [[Parque Warner Madrid]] || [[Madrid]], Spain || {{convert|328|ft|m|order=flip}} || {{convert|377|ft|m|order=flip}} || [[S&S Worldwide]] || {{N/a}}
|- style="background:#D3D3D3;"
|- style="background:#D3D3D3;"
| &mdash;
| &mdash;
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| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
|-
| 6
| 5
| Donjon de l'Extrême
| Donjon de l'Extrême
| [[Nigloland]]
| [[Nigloland]]
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| [[Funtime (manufacturer)|Funtime]]|| {{N/a}}
| [[Funtime (manufacturer)|Funtime]]|| {{N/a}}
|-
|-
| 7
| 6
| [[Falcon's Fury]] ||[[Busch Gardens Tampa Bay]]||[[Tampa Bay, Florida]], United States ||{{convert|310|ft|m|order=flip}}||{{convert|335|ft|m|order=flip}}||[[Intamin]]|| {{N/a}}
| [[Falcon's Fury]] ||[[Busch Gardens Tampa Bay]]||[[Tampa Bay, Florida]], United States ||{{convert|310|ft|m|order=flip}}||{{convert|335|ft|m|order=flip}}||[[Intamin]]|| {{N/a}}
|-
|-
| 8
| 7
| Voltrum ||Bayern-Park||[[Reisbach (Vils)|Reisbach]], Germany ||{{convert|305|ft|m|abbr=|order=flip}}||{{convert|358|ft|m|abbr=|order=flip}}||[[Funtime (manufacturer)|Funtime]]|| {{N/a}}
| Voltrum ||Bayern-Park||[[Reisbach (Vils)|Reisbach]], Germany ||{{convert|305|ft|m|abbr=|order=flip}}||{{convert|358|ft|m|abbr=|order=flip}}||[[Funtime (manufacturer)|Funtime]]|| {{N/a}}
|-
| 8
| Sky Screamer ||Marineland of Canada||Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada ||{{convert|300|ft|m|abbr=|order=flip}}||{{convert|450|ft|m|abbr=|order=flip}}||S&S – Sansei Technologies|| {{N/a}}
|-
|-
| 9
| 9
Line 104: Line 107:
| [[Hurakan Condor]]||[[PortAventura Park]]||[[Salou]], Spain ||{{convert|87|m|ft}}||{{convert|115|m|ft}}||[[Intamin]]|| {{N/a}}
| [[Hurakan Condor]]||[[PortAventura Park]]||[[Salou]], Spain ||{{convert|87|m|ft}}||{{convert|115|m|ft}}||[[Intamin]]|| {{N/a}}
|-
|-
|11
| 11
|UFO Gyro Drop
|UFO Gyro Drop
|Formosan Aboriginal Culture Village
|Formosan Aboriginal Culture Village
Line 117: Line 120:
| Global Burj||[[Global Village (Dubai)|Global Village]]||[[Dubai]], United Arab Emirates ||{{Convert|85|m|ft}} || {{Unknown}} || {{Unknown}} || {{N/A}}
| Global Burj||[[Global Village (Dubai)|Global Village]]||[[Dubai]], United Arab Emirates ||{{Convert|85|m|ft}} || {{Unknown}} || {{Unknown}} || {{N/A}}
|-
|-
|13
| 13
| Drop Tower
| Drop Tower
||[[Kings Dominion]]||[[Doswell, Virginia]], United States ||{{convert|272|ft|m|order=flip}}||{{convert|305|ft|m|order=flip}}||[[Intamin]]|| {{N/a}}
||[[Kings Dominion]]||[[Doswell, Virginia]], United States ||{{convert|272|ft|m|order=flip}}||{{convert|305|ft|m|order=flip}}||[[Intamin]]|| {{N/a}}
|-
|-
|14
| 14
| Big Tower|| [[Beto Carrero World]]||[[Penha, Santa Catarina]], Brazil || {{convert|264|ft|m|order=flip}} || {{convert|328|ft|m|order=flip}} || [[Intamin]] || {{N/a}}
| Big Tower|| [[Beto Carrero World]]||[[Penha, Santa Catarina]], Brazil || {{convert|264|ft|m|order=flip}} || {{convert|328|ft|m|order=flip}} || [[Intamin]] || {{N/a}}
|-
|-
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* On February 24, 2012, 14-year-old Gabriella Yukari Nichimura died in an accident at [[Hopi Hari]], Vinhedo, São Paulo State, Brazil. She fell from the drop tower ride "[[La Tour Eiffel (Hopi Hari)|La Tour Eiffel]]" suffering cranial trauma and died on the way to the hospital. Initial investigations suggested the possibility of mechanical failure in the restraint latch.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://g1.globo.com/sp/campinas-regiao/noticia/2012/02/adolescente-morre-apos-acidente-em-parque-de-diversoes-no-interior-de-sp.html |title=Adolescente More Após Acidente em Parque de Diversões no Interior de SP |date=24 February 2012 |language=pt |trans-title=Teenager Dies after an Amusement Park Accident in the Interior of SP |access-date=2021-08-30 }}</ref>{{Update inline|date=September 2017}}
* On February 24, 2012, 14-year-old Gabriella Yukari Nichimura died in an accident at [[Hopi Hari]], Vinhedo, São Paulo State, Brazil. She fell from the drop tower ride "[[La Tour Eiffel (Hopi Hari)|La Tour Eiffel]]" suffering cranial trauma and died on the way to the hospital. Initial investigations suggested the possibility of mechanical failure in the restraint latch.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://g1.globo.com/sp/campinas-regiao/noticia/2012/02/adolescente-morre-apos-acidente-em-parque-de-diversoes-no-interior-de-sp.html |title=Adolescente More Após Acidente em Parque de Diversões no Interior de SP |date=24 February 2012 |language=pt |trans-title=Teenager Dies after an Amusement Park Accident in the Interior of SP |access-date=2021-08-30 }}</ref>{{Update inline|date=September 2017}}
* On the evening of January 3, 2018, 8 persons (five females and three males aged 12 to 18, including Danica Villas) were injured suffering "cervical [[Spasm|spasms]]" after Fun Drop Tower Ride at the amusement park Circle of Fun in [[Quezon Memorial Circle]] suddenly dropped.<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://www.philstar.com/metro/2018/01/05/1774686/8-youths-hurt-carnival-ride-glitch | title= 8 youths hurt in carnival ride glitch|first=Emmanuel|last=Tupas|website= [[The Philippine Star]]|date=Jan 5, 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url= https://interaksyon.philstar.com/breaking-news/2018/01/03/115413/teens-injured-in-qc-circle-of-fun-ride/ | title= Teens injured in QC Circle of Fun ride|first=|last=|website= [[TV5 Network]]|date=January 3, 2018}}</ref>
* On the evening of January 3, 2018, 8 persons (five females and three males aged 12 to 18, including Danica Villas) were injured suffering "cervical [[Spasm|spasms]]" after Fun Drop Tower Ride at the amusement park Circle of Fun in [[Quezon Memorial Circle]] suddenly dropped.<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://www.philstar.com/metro/2018/01/05/1774686/8-youths-hurt-carnival-ride-glitch | title= 8 youths hurt in carnival ride glitch|first=Emmanuel|last=Tupas|website= [[The Philippine Star]]|date=Jan 5, 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url= https://interaksyon.philstar.com/breaking-news/2018/01/03/115413/teens-injured-in-qc-circle-of-fun-ride/ | title= Teens injured in QC Circle of Fun ride|first=|last=|website= [[TV5 Network]]|date=January 3, 2018}}</ref>
* On the evening of September 5, 2021, 6-year-old Wongel Estifanos died on the Haunted Mine Drop ride after being separated from her seat and falling {{convert|110|feet|meters|abbr=on}} to her death. It has been determined that the girl was actually sitting on top of her seatbelt rather than the seatbelt being tight on her lap. A [[Forensic pathology|forensic pathologist]] identified the cause of death as [[blunt-force trauma]]. The official report by the Colorado Division of Oil and Public Safety blamed a lack of procedures and inadequate training of two ride operators to ensure that Estifanos was properly buckled in.<ref>{{cite news |last=Candelaria |first=Esteban |date=September 24, 2021 |title=Colorado Springs girl killed on mine drop ride was not strapped in, report says |url=https://gazette.com/news/local/colorado-springs-girl-killed-on-mine-drop-ride-was-not-strapped-in-report-says/article_32a4e594-1d62-11ec-97ce-ffbb033c1f3d.html |url-status=live |work=[[The Gazette (Colorado Springs)]] |location= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211001030327/https://gazette.com/news/local/colorado-springs-girl-killed-on-mine-drop-ride-was-not-strapped-in-report-says/article_32a4e594-1d62-11ec-97ce-ffbb033c1f3d.html |archive-date=October 1, 2021 |access-date=October 10, 2021}}</ref><ref name=Mine-Drop-Accident-Report>{{cite web |author=Amusement Rides and Devices Program |date= |title=ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION REPOR |url=https://bloximages.newyork1.vip.townnews.com/gazette.com/content/tncms/assets/v3/editorial/d/2b/d2b1c0bc-1d61-11ec-b690-0b6e62a850f5/614e13a0eb92a.pdf.pdf |url-status=live |work=Colorado Division of Oil and Public Safety |location= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210924182533/https://bloximages.newyork1.vip.townnews.com/gazette.com/content/tncms/assets/v3/editorial/d/2b/d2b1c0bc-1d61-11ec-b690-0b6e62a850f5/614e13a0eb92a.pdf.pdf |archive-date=September 24, 2021 |access-date=October 10, 2021}}</ref> Before the accident, the ride had had four annual safety inspections per Colorado Amusement Rides and Devices Regulations (7 CCR 1101-12) and was certified to have corrected any issues.<ref name=Mine-Drop-Accident-Report /> Following the incident the park temporarily closed.<ref>{{cite web |last=Smith |first=Logan |url=https://denver.cbslocal.com/2021/09/06/glenwood-caverns-adventure-park-closed-haunted-mine-drop-ride-death/ |title=Glenwood Caverns Adventure Park Closes After Child Dies On Thrill Ride - CBSN Denver |website=denver.cbslocal.com |language=en-US |access-date=2021-09-06 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210908115354/https://denver.cbslocal.com/2021/09/06/glenwood-caverns-adventure-park-closed-haunted-mine-drop-ride-death/ |archive-date=2021-09-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Morfitt |first=Karen |url=https://denver.cbslocal.com/2021/09/10/wongel-estifanos-glenwood-caverns-adventure-park-ride-colorado-springs/ |title='She Reminds Me Tomorrow Isn't Promised': Family Friend Remembers Wongel Estifanos, 6-Year-Old Who Died On Glenwood Caverns Adventure Park Ride |date=September 10, 2021 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210922212511/https://denver.cbslocal.com/2021/09/10/wongel-estifanos-glenwood-caverns-adventure-park-ride-colorado-springs/ |archive-date=September 22, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.postindependent.com/news/glenwood-caverns-haunted-mine-drop-passed-regulations-inspection-less-than-three-months-before-death-of-6-year-old/ |title=Glenwood Caverns' Haunted Mine Drop passed regulations inspection less than three months before death of 6-year-old |first=Rich |last=Allen |date=September 7, 2021 |website=www.postindependent.com |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912024340/https://www.postindependent.com/news/glenwood-caverns-haunted-mine-drop-passed-regulations-inspection-less-than-three-months-before-death-of-6-year-old/ |archive-date=September 12, 2021}}</ref> Colorado Senate Bill 03-253 allows parents to release their minor’s rights to sue for negligence.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.postindependent.com/news/in-colorado-waiver-law-limits-legal-options-for-amusement-park-riders/ |title=In Colorado, waiver law limits legal options for amusement park riders |date=September 11, 2021 |author=Ray K. Erku |website=www.postindependent.com |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912024336/https://www.postindependent.com/news/in-colorado-waiver-law-limits-legal-options-for-amusement-park-riders/ |archive-date=September 12, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author1=Chlouber |author2=Arnold |author3=Entz |author4=Johnson S. |author5=Kester |author6=McElhany |author7=Taylor |author8=White |author9=Brophy |author10=Crane |author11=Garcia |author12=Hefley |author13=Miller |author14=Rippy |author15=Spence |author16=Stengel |author17=Weddig |date= |title=SENATE BILL 03-253 |url=http://www.leg.state.co.us/2003a/inetcbill.nsf/fsbillcont/88CF96042B7D5F3587256CC200794549?Open&file=253_enr.pdf |url-status=live |work=Colorado General Assembly |location= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041215163305/http://www.leg.state.co.us/2003a/inetcbill.nsf/fsbillcont/88CF96042B7D5F3587256CC200794549?Open&file=253_enr.pdf |archive-date=December 15, 2004 |access-date=October 10, 2021}}</ref>
* On the evening of September 5, 2021, 6-year-old Wongel Estifanos died on the Haunted Mine Drop ride after being separated from her seat and falling {{convert|110|feet|meters|abbr=on}} to her death. It has been determined that the girl was actually sitting on top of her seatbelt rather than the seatbelt being tight on her lap. A [[Forensic pathology|forensic pathologist]] identified the cause of death as [[blunt-force trauma]]. The official report by the Colorado Division of Oil and Public Safety blamed a lack of procedures and inadequate training of two ride operators to ensure that Estifanos was properly buckled in.<ref>{{cite news |last=Candelaria |first=Esteban |date=September 24, 2021 |title=Colorado Springs girl killed on mine drop ride was not strapped in, report says |url=https://gazette.com/news/local/colorado-springs-girl-killed-on-mine-drop-ride-was-not-strapped-in-report-says/article_32a4e594-1d62-11ec-97ce-ffbb033c1f3d.html |url-status=live |work=[[The Gazette (Colorado Springs)]] |location= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211001030327/https://gazette.com/news/local/colorado-springs-girl-killed-on-mine-drop-ride-was-not-strapped-in-report-says/article_32a4e594-1d62-11ec-97ce-ffbb033c1f3d.html |archive-date=October 1, 2021 |access-date=October 10, 2021}}</ref><ref name=Mine-Drop-Accident-Report>{{cite web |author=Amusement Rides and Devices Program |date= |title=ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION REPOR |url=https://bloximages.newyork1.vip.townnews.com/gazette.com/content/tncms/assets/v3/editorial/d/2b/d2b1c0bc-1d61-11ec-b690-0b6e62a850f5/614e13a0eb92a.pdf.pdf |url-status=live |work=Colorado Division of Oil and Public Safety |location= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210924182533/https://bloximages.newyork1.vip.townnews.com/gazette.com/content/tncms/assets/v3/editorial/d/2b/d2b1c0bc-1d61-11ec-b690-0b6e62a850f5/614e13a0eb92a.pdf.pdf |archive-date=September 24, 2021 |access-date=October 10, 2021}}</ref> Before the accident, the ride had had four annual safety inspections per Colorado Amusement Rides and Devices Regulations (7 CCR 1101-12) and was certified to have corrected any issues.<ref name=Mine-Drop-Accident-Report /> Following the incident the park temporarily closed.<ref>{{cite web |last=Smith |first=Logan |url=https://denver.cbslocal.com/2021/09/06/glenwood-caverns-adventure-park-closed-haunted-mine-drop-ride-death/ |title=Glenwood Caverns Adventure Park Closes After Child Dies On Thrill Ride - CBSN Denver |website=denver.cbslocal.com |date=6 September 2021 |language=en-US |access-date=2021-09-06 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210908115354/https://denver.cbslocal.com/2021/09/06/glenwood-caverns-adventure-park-closed-haunted-mine-drop-ride-death/ |archive-date=2021-09-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Morfitt |first=Karen |url=https://denver.cbslocal.com/2021/09/10/wongel-estifanos-glenwood-caverns-adventure-park-ride-colorado-springs/ |title='She Reminds Me Tomorrow Isn't Promised': Family Friend Remembers Wongel Estifanos, 6-Year-Old Who Died On Glenwood Caverns Adventure Park Ride |date=September 10, 2021 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210922212511/https://denver.cbslocal.com/2021/09/10/wongel-estifanos-glenwood-caverns-adventure-park-ride-colorado-springs/ |archive-date=September 22, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.postindependent.com/news/glenwood-caverns-haunted-mine-drop-passed-regulations-inspection-less-than-three-months-before-death-of-6-year-old/ |title=Glenwood Caverns' Haunted Mine Drop passed regulations inspection less than three months before death of 6-year-old |first=Rich |last=Allen |date=September 7, 2021 |website=www.postindependent.com |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912024340/https://www.postindependent.com/news/glenwood-caverns-haunted-mine-drop-passed-regulations-inspection-less-than-three-months-before-death-of-6-year-old/ |archive-date=September 12, 2021}}</ref> Colorado Senate Bill 03-253 allows parents to release their minor’s rights to sue for negligence.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.postindependent.com/news/in-colorado-waiver-law-limits-legal-options-for-amusement-park-riders/ |title=In Colorado, waiver law limits legal options for amusement park riders |date=September 11, 2021 |author=Ray K. Erku |website=www.postindependent.com |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912024336/https://www.postindependent.com/news/in-colorado-waiver-law-limits-legal-options-for-amusement-park-riders/ |archive-date=September 12, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author1=Chlouber |author2=Arnold |author3=Entz |author4=Johnson S. |author5=Kester |author6=McElhany |author7=Taylor |author8=White |author9=Brophy |author10=Crane |author11=Garcia |author12=Hefley |author13=Miller |author14=Rippy |author15=Spence |author16=Stengel |author17=Weddig |date= |title=SENATE BILL 03-253 |url=http://www.leg.state.co.us/2003a/inetcbill.nsf/fsbillcont/88CF96042B7D5F3587256CC200794549?Open&file=253_enr.pdf |url-status=live |work=Colorado General Assembly |location= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041215163305/http://www.leg.state.co.us/2003a/inetcbill.nsf/fsbillcont/88CF96042B7D5F3587256CC200794549?Open&file=253_enr.pdf |archive-date=December 15, 2004 |access-date=October 10, 2021}}</ref>
* On the evening of March 24, 2022, 14-year-old Tyre Sampson from Missouri fell to his death from the world's tallest drop tower ride, the Orlando FreeFall drop tower at [[ICON Park]] in Florida. The brand new attraction had been open for only three months at the time of the accident.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hanna |first=Melissa Alonso and Jason |date=2022-03-25 |title=A 14-year-old fell to his death from the new drop tower ride at Florida's ICON Park, authorities say |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/world/a-14-year-old-fell-to-his-death-from-the-new-drop-tower-ride-at-florida-s-icon-park-authorities-say-1.5834516 |access-date=2022-03-25 |website=CTVNews |language=en}}</ref> On April 18, 2022, it was discovered that the safety sensors of two seats were intentionally modified to generate a "go" signal for larger and therefore unsafe harness-to-seat gaps, presumably to accommodate larger riders, a condition that ultimately led to Tyre's death, since he slipped through that gap toward the end of the drop when the ride slowed down.{{Citation needed|date=June 2022}} This is only one major factor among others that may have caused the tragedy, including the fact that Tyre weighed 320 pounds (144&nbsp;kg) and the ride manual stipulates a weight limit of 287 pounds (130&nbsp;kg).{{Citation needed|date=June 2022}} On October 6, 2022, it was announced that the Orlando Free Fall tower would be dismantled.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.wesh.com/article/orlando-free-fall-torn-down/41545862# | title=Orlando Free Fall to be torn down following teen's death | date=7 October 2022 }}</ref> The owner plans to have the demolition finished by the anniversary of the victim’s death.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Demolition of Orlando FreeFall ride begins this week |url=https://www.fox35orlando.com/news/demolition-of-orlando-freefall-ride-begins-this-week.amp |access-date=2023-04-04 |website=www.fox35orlando.com}}</ref>
* On the evening of March 24, 2022, 14-year-old Tyre Sampson from Missouri fell to his death from the world's tallest drop tower ride, the Orlando FreeFall drop tower at [[ICON Park]] in Florida. The brand new attraction had been open for only three months at the time of the accident.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hanna |first=Melissa Alonso and Jason |date=2022-03-25 |title=A 14-year-old fell to his death from the new drop tower ride at Florida's ICON Park, authorities say |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/world/a-14-year-old-fell-to-his-death-from-the-new-drop-tower-ride-at-florida-s-icon-park-authorities-say-1.5834516 |access-date=2022-03-25 |website=CTVNews |language=en}}</ref> On October 6, 2022, it was announced that the Orlando Free Fall tower would be dismantled.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.wesh.com/article/orlando-free-fall-torn-down/41545862# | title=Orlando Free Fall to be torn down following teen's death | date=7 October 2022 }}</ref> The owner plans to have the demolition finished by the anniversary of the victim’s death.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Demolition of Orlando FreeFall ride begins this week |url=https://www.fox35orlando.com/news/demolition-of-orlando-freefall-ride-begins-this-week.amp |access-date=2023-04-04 |website=www.fox35orlando.com}}</ref>
* On September 5, 2022, a drop tower in India failed to slow down then crashed to ground, injuring 16.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://nypost.com/2022/09/05/terrifying-moment-carnival-ride-plummets-caught-on-video/amp/ | title=Carnival ride plummets 50 feet, terrifying moment caught on video | date=5 September 2022 }}</ref>
* On September 5, 2022, a drop tower in India failed to slow down then crashed to ground, injuring 16.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://nypost.com/2022/09/05/terrifying-moment-carnival-ride-plummets-caught-on-video/amp/ | title=Carnival ride plummets 50 feet, terrifying moment caught on video | date=5 September 2022 }}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
⚫
* [[Freefall (ride)|Freefall]]
==External links==
* {{commonscat-inline}}
* {{commonscat-inline}}
⚫
* [[Freefall (ride)|Freefall]]


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 03:49, 24 December 2024

For other uses, see Drop tower (disambiguation).
The Giant Drop at Dreamworld
The High Fall at Movie Park Germany
A drop tower at the Santa Cruz Beach Boardwalk entitled the "Double Shot"
Sky Ranch Philippines

A drop tower is a type of amusement park ride incorporating a central tower structure with one or more gondolas attached. In a typical modern configuration, each gondola carrying riders is lifted to the top of the tower and then released to free fall back down to ground level. This produces a feeling of weightlessness followed by rapid deceleration. A magnetic braking system, or a variation that relies on pistons and air pressure, is used to safely bring the gondola to a complete stop.[1] One of the earliest drop towers configured as an amusement ride was a parachute ride that debuted at the 1939 New York World's Fair, which was inspired by paratrooper training devices used by the Soviet Union in the 1920s.[1][2]

Swiss manufacturer Intamin renewed interest decades later when it pioneered the modern drop tower with an early iteration released in the 1980s, which was later refined to use magnetic braking systems in the 1990s. This led to larger models, such as the Giant Drop and Gyro Drop. S&S Sansei modified the concept and released their own variation that employs pneumatics, which involves pistons, air pressure, and steel cables to control the speed of the gondola at all times. This variation can move the gondola at speeds faster than free fall and can alternatively be configured to accelerate gondolas in the opposite direction, moving at fast speeds up the tower as well as down.[2]

Drop towers can vary in height and capacity, and some models are either mass-produced or custom. Newer features include gondolas that rotate along the vertical plane, tilting riders so they are facing the ground prior to the gondola's release. Falcon's Fury at Busch Gardens Tampa Bay, for example, is a 335-foot (102 m) tower that rotates riders to face the ground, and then returns riders to an upright position as the gondola nears the end of the drop.

Drop tower designs

[edit]

Mass-produced tower rides include:

Tallest drop towers

[edit]
bold Denotes drop tower is or was once the tallest in the world
italic Denotes drop tower is either no longer operating or removed
Rank Name Park Location Drop height Structural height Manufacturer Record holder
--- Zumanjaro: Drop of Doom Six Flags Great Adventure Jackson Township, New Jersey, United States 126 metres (415 ft) 139 metres (456 ft) Intamin July 2014 – November 2024
--- Orlando FreeFall Icon Park Orlando, Florida, United States 120 metres (400 feet) 130 metres (430 feet) Funtime December 28, 2021 - March 24, 2022
1 Lex Luthor: Drop of Doom Six Flags Magic Mountain Valencia, California, United States 120 metres (400 ft) 126 metres (415 ft) Intamin July 2012 – July 2014. November 2024 - Current
2 The Giant Drop Dreamworld Coomera, Queensland, Australia 119 metres (390 ft) 120 metres (390 ft) Intamin December 1998 – July 2012
3 Highlander Hansa-Park Sierksdorf, Germany 103 metres (338 ft) 120 metres (390 ft) Funtime —
4 La Venganza del Enigma Parque Warner Madrid Madrid, Spain 100 metres (328 ft) 115 metres (377 ft) S&S Worldwide —
— Blue Fall Sea Paradise Yokohama, Japan 100 metres (328 ft) 107 metres (351 ft) Intamin —
5 Donjon de l'Extrême Nigloland Dolancourt, France 95 metres (312 ft) 105 metres (344 ft) Funtime —
6 Falcon's Fury Busch Gardens Tampa Bay Tampa Bay, Florida, United States 94 metres (310 ft) 102 metres (335 ft) Intamin —
7 Voltrum Bayern-Park Reisbach, Germany 93 metres (305 ft) 109 metres (358 ft) Funtime —
8 Sky Screamer Marineland of Canada Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada 91 metres (300 ft) 140 metres (450 ft) S&S – Sansei Technologies —
9 AtmosFear Liseberg Gothenburg, Sweden 90 metres (295 ft) 116 metres (381 ft) Intamin —
10 Hurakan Condor PortAventura Park Salou, Spain 87 metres (285 ft) 115 metres (377 ft) Intamin —
11 UFO Gyro Drop Formosan Aboriginal Culture Village Yuchr Shiang, Nantou County, Taiwan 85 metres (280 ft) 110 metres

(360 ft)

Intamin
12 Global Burj Global Village Dubai, United Arab Emirates 85 metres (279 ft) Un­known Un­known —
13 Drop Tower Kings Dominion Doswell, Virginia, United States 83 metres (272 ft) 93 metres (305 ft) Intamin —
14 Big Tower Beto Carrero World Penha, Santa Catarina, Brazil 80 metres (264 ft) 100 metres (328 ft) Intamin —
15 Drop Tower Kings Island Mason, Ohio, United States 80 metres (264 ft) 96 metres (315 ft) Intamin —
The Plunge Kongeparken Ålgård, Rogaland, Norway 80 metres (264 ft) Un­known Funtime —

Other notable examples

[edit]

Injuries and accidents

[edit]
See also: Intamin § Safety incidents
  • On August 22, 1999, 12-year-old Joshua Smurphat fell to his death on Drop Zone: Stunt Tower (Drop Tower) at Paramount's Great America (California's Great America) after slipping from the ride's restraints, which were still locked at the end of the ride.[3][4]
  • On June 21, 2007 (park operating as Six Flags Kentucky Kingdom), a 13-year-old girl from Louisville, Kentucky had both feet cut off above the ankle when one of the ride's cables snapped during operation.[5] Following the incident, all Intamin towers were temporarily closed and the Carowinds model was found to have stretched cables.[6]
  • On February 24, 2012, 14-year-old Gabriella Yukari Nichimura died in an accident at Hopi Hari, Vinhedo, São Paulo State, Brazil. She fell from the drop tower ride "La Tour Eiffel" suffering cranial trauma and died on the way to the hospital. Initial investigations suggested the possibility of mechanical failure in the restraint latch.[7][needs update]
  • On the evening of January 3, 2018, 8 persons (five females and three males aged 12 to 18, including Danica Villas) were injured suffering "cervical spasms" after Fun Drop Tower Ride at the amusement park Circle of Fun in Quezon Memorial Circle suddenly dropped.[8][9]
  • On the evening of September 5, 2021, 6-year-old Wongel Estifanos died on the Haunted Mine Drop ride after being separated from her seat and falling 110 ft (34 m) to her death. It has been determined that the girl was actually sitting on top of her seatbelt rather than the seatbelt being tight on her lap. A forensic pathologist identified the cause of death as blunt-force trauma. The official report by the Colorado Division of Oil and Public Safety blamed a lack of procedures and inadequate training of two ride operators to ensure that Estifanos was properly buckled in.[10][11] Before the accident, the ride had had four annual safety inspections per Colorado Amusement Rides and Devices Regulations (7 CCR 1101-12) and was certified to have corrected any issues.[11] Following the incident the park temporarily closed.[12][13][14] Colorado Senate Bill 03-253 allows parents to release their minor’s rights to sue for negligence.[15][16]
  • On the evening of March 24, 2022, 14-year-old Tyre Sampson from Missouri fell to his death from the world's tallest drop tower ride, the Orlando FreeFall drop tower at ICON Park in Florida. The brand new attraction had been open for only three months at the time of the accident.[17] On October 6, 2022, it was announced that the Orlando Free Fall tower would be dismantled.[18] The owner plans to have the demolition finished by the anniversary of the victim’s death.[19]
  • On September 5, 2022, a drop tower in India failed to slow down then crashed to ground, injuring 16.[20]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b McCarter, Reid (June 25, 2020). "YouTuber explains why riders don't splatter into human puddles on "drop tower" rides". The A.V. Club. Archived from the original on September 3, 2024. Retrieved September 3, 2024.
  2. ^ a b How Drop Tower Rides Work (Video). Art of Engineering. June 21, 2020. Retrieved September 3, 2024 – via YouTube.
  3. ^ "Thrill ride lawsuits". Courier-Journal. June 23, 2007. Retrieved July 5, 2021.
  4. ^ "Drop Zone death: no charges, no explanation". RideAccidents.com. November 5, 1999. Archived from the original on April 20, 2017. Retrieved July 5, 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  5. ^ "Girl who had feet severed by amusement park ride, in stable condition…". archive.ph. 2013-01-27. Archived from the original on 2013-01-27. Retrieved 2022-05-04.
  6. ^ "Carowinds Thrill Ride Closed for Inspection". (Wire Report). The Herald Online. June 22, 2007. Archived from the original on 2016-02-08. Retrieved 8 February 2016.
  7. ^ "Adolescente More Após Acidente em Parque de Diversões no Interior de SP" [Teenager Dies after an Amusement Park Accident in the Interior of SP] (in Portuguese). 24 February 2012. Retrieved 2021-08-30.
  8. ^ Tupas, Emmanuel (Jan 5, 2018). "8 youths hurt in carnival ride glitch". The Philippine Star.
  9. ^ "Teens injured in QC Circle of Fun ride". TV5 Network. January 3, 2018.
  10. ^ Candelaria, Esteban (September 24, 2021). "Colorado Springs girl killed on mine drop ride was not strapped in, report says". The Gazette (Colorado Springs). Archived from the original on October 1, 2021. Retrieved October 10, 2021.
  11. ^ a b Amusement Rides and Devices Program. "ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION REPOR" (PDF). Colorado Division of Oil and Public Safety. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 24, 2021. Retrieved October 10, 2021.
  12. ^ Smith, Logan (6 September 2021). "Glenwood Caverns Adventure Park Closes After Child Dies On Thrill Ride - CBSN Denver". denver.cbslocal.com. Archived from the original on 2021-09-08. Retrieved 2021-09-06.
  13. ^ Morfitt, Karen (September 10, 2021). "'She Reminds Me Tomorrow Isn't Promised': Family Friend Remembers Wongel Estifanos, 6-Year-Old Who Died On Glenwood Caverns Adventure Park Ride". Archived from the original on September 22, 2021.
  14. ^ Allen, Rich (September 7, 2021). "Glenwood Caverns' Haunted Mine Drop passed regulations inspection less than three months before death of 6-year-old". www.postindependent.com. Archived from the original on September 12, 2021.
  15. ^ Ray K. Erku (September 11, 2021). "In Colorado, waiver law limits legal options for amusement park riders". www.postindependent.com. Archived from the original on September 12, 2021.
  16. ^ Chlouber; Arnold; Entz; Johnson S.; Kester; McElhany; Taylor; White; Brophy; Crane; Garcia; Hefley; Miller; Rippy; Spence; Stengel; Weddig. "SENATE BILL 03-253" (PDF). Colorado General Assembly. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 15, 2004. Retrieved October 10, 2021.
  17. ^ Hanna, Melissa Alonso and Jason (2022-03-25). "A 14-year-old fell to his death from the new drop tower ride at Florida's ICON Park, authorities say". CTVNews. Retrieved 2022-03-25.
  18. ^ "Orlando Free Fall to be torn down following teen's death". 7 October 2022.
  19. ^ "Demolition of Orlando FreeFall ride begins this week". www.fox35orlando.com. Retrieved 2023-04-04.
  20. ^ "Carnival ride plummets 50 feet, terrifying moment caught on video". 5 September 2022.
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