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{{More citations needed|date=October 2009}}
{{Infobox military unit
{{Infobox military unit
|unit_name = Defense Security Command
|unit_name = Defense Counterintelligence Command
|native_name = 국군방첩사령부
|native_name = {{lang|ko|국군보안사령부}}(October 7, 1977 - January 1, 1991)<br />{{lang|ko|국군기무사령부}}(January 1, 1991 - September 2018)
|logo =
|image = Defense Counterintelligence Command emblem.svg
|logo_caption =
|caption =
|seal =
|seal =
|seal_caption =
|seal_caption =
|dates = Military Security Command<br />(1977–1990)<br />Defense Security Command<br />(1991–2018)<br />Defense Security Support Command<br />(2018–2022)<br />Defense Counterintelligence Command<br />(2022–present)<ref name="dsscen history">{{cite web|url=https://www.dcc.mil.kr/dsscen/1081/subview.do|title=History|publisher=Defense Counterintelligence Command|date=|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=3 February 2024|author=}}</ref><ref name="dssckr history">{{cite web|url=https://www.dcc.mil.kr/dssckr/1076/subview.do|title=연혁|publisher=Defense Counterintelligence Command|date=|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=3 February 2024|author=}}</ref>
|dates = October 7, 1977 - September 2018
|dissolved =
|dissolved =
|country = {{flag|South Korea}}
|country = {{flag|South Korea}}
|garrison = [[Gwacheon]], [[Gyeonggi-do]], Korea
|garrison = [[Gwacheon]], [[Gyeonggi-do]], [[South Korea]]
|type = [[ROK Armed Forces]] Inter-service command
|type = [[Republic of Korea Armed Forces|ROK Armed Forces]] Inter-service command
|command_structure = [[Ministry of National Defense (South Korea)|Ministry of Defense]]
|command_structure = [[Ministry of National Defense (South Korea)|Ministry of Defense]]
|current_commander =
|current_commander = [[Lt. Gen.]] Yeo In-hyung
|notable_commanders = General [[Chun Doo-hwan]]<br />General [[Roh Tae-woo]]<br />Lieutenant General [[Chang Do-yong]]<ref>During the KACIC period.</ref>
|notable_commanders = General [[Chun Doo-hwan]]<br />General [[Roh Tae-woo]]<br />Lieutenant General [[Chang Do-yong]]<ref>During the KACIC period.</ref>
|motto = ''Limitless Dedication for the Protection of Liberty of the Republic of Korea''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dcc.mil.kr/dsscen/1088/subview.do|title=Command Spirit|publisher=Defense Counterintelligence Command|date=|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=3 February 2024|author=}}</ref>
|motto = Loyalty, Honor, Unity <br />({{lang|ko|충성, 명예, 단결}})
|website = {{URL|http://www.dsc.mil.kr www.dsc.mil.kr|Official Website}}
|website = [https://www.dcc.mil.kr/sites/dsscen/index.do Official website in English] <br />[https://www.dcc.mil.kr/sites/dssckr/index.do Official website in Korean]}}
|role= [[Counterintelligence]]<br />[[Criminal investigation]]<br />[[HUMINT]]<br />[[Military intelligence]]
}}


{{Infobox Korean name
{{Infobox Korean name
|hangul=국군보안사령부
|hangul=국군방첩사령부
|hanja=國軍保安司令部
|hanja=國軍防諜司令部
|rr=Gukgun Boan Saryeongbu
|rr=Gukgun Bangcheop Saryeongbu
|mr=Kukkun Poan Saryeongpu
|mr=Kukkun Bangch'ŏp Saryŏngbu
|}}
{{Infobox Korean name
|hangul=국군기무사령부
|hanja=國軍機務司令部
|rr=Gukgun Gimu Saryeongbu
|mr=Kukkun Kimu Saryeongpu
|}}
|}}


The [[Republic of Korea Armed Forces]]'s '''Defense Security Command''' (DSC) was founded as the ''Army Counter Intelligence Corps'' (commonly known as '''CIC''' or '''KACIC''';<ref>{{cite web |url=https://newslibrary.naver.com/viewer/index.nhn?articleId=1953102300209202006&editNo=1&printCount=1&publishDate=1953-10-23&officeId=00020&pageNo=2&printNo=9374&publishType=00020 |script-title=ko:體育大會어제閉幕 靑年의意氣遺憾없이發揚 |language=ko |website=Naver.com |publisher=Dong-A Ilbo |date=1953-10-23 |access-date=2021-04-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://imnews.imbc.com/replay/2006/nwdesk/article/1987680_29291.html |script-title=ko:뉴스데스크 5-60년대 육군 특무부대원들 조선시대 마패처럼 메달 갖고 다녀[전봉기] |language=ko |date=2006-04-16 |access-date=2021-04-03}}</ref> meaning: Special Operation Forces) on October 21, 1950, and it functioned as the primary organization within the military charged with internal security, preservation of loyalty to the regime, and deterrence and investigation of [[subversion]].
The [[Republic of Korea Armed Forces]]'s '''Defense Counterintelligence Command''' ('''DCC'''; {{korean|국군방첩사령부|國軍防諜司令部}}) was founded as the ''Army Counter Intelligence Corps'' (commonly known as '''CIC''' or '''KACIC''';<ref>{{cite web |url=https://newslibrary.naver.com/viewer/index.nhn?articleId=1953102300209202006&editNo=1&printCount=1&publishDate=1953-10-23&officeId=00020&pageNo=2&printNo=9374&publishType=00020 |script-title=ko:體育大會어제閉幕 靑年의意氣遺憾없이發揚 |language=ko |website=Naver.com |publisher=Dong-A Ilbo |date=1953-10-23 |access-date=2021-04-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://imnews.imbc.com/replay/2006/nwdesk/article/1987680_29291.html |script-title=ko:뉴스데스크 5–60년대 육군 특무부대원들 조선시대 마패처럼 메달 갖고 다녀[전봉기] |language=ko |date=2006-04-16 |access-date=2021-04-03}}</ref> meaning: Special Operation Forces) on 21 October 1950.<ref name="dsscen history" /><ref name="dssckr history" /> The DCC is primarily responsible for intelligence missions such as clandestine and covert operation, counteringelligence, [[Arms industry|defense industry]] security, [[Forensic science|forensic investigation]]s, HUMINT, and [[military security]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dcc.mil.kr/dsscen/355/subview.do|title=Military Security|publisher=Defense Counterintelligence Command|date=|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=4 February 2024|author=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dcc.mil.kr/dsscen/370/subview.do|title=Defense Industry Security|publisher=Defense Counterintelligence Command|date=|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=4 February 2024|author=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dcc.mil.kr/dsscen/404/subview.do|title=Forensic investigation|publisher=Defense Counterintelligence Command|date=|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=4 February 2024|author=}}</ref>


The unit was reorganized into the Defense Counterintelligence Command on 1 November 2022.<ref name="dsscen history" /><ref name="dssckr history" />
The DSC is often known by its short name ''Boansa'' ('''Boan''' '''Sa'''ryeongbu) until January 1, 1991, and ''Gimusa'' ('''Gimu''' '''Sa'''ryeongbu) since January 1, 1991.


==History==
==History==
The Defense Security Command was formally activated in October 1977.<ref name="LOC">http://www.country-data.com/cgi-bin/query/r-12388.htm {{Dead link|date=February 2022}}</ref> This merger of the Army Security Command, the Navy Security Unit, and the Air Force Office of Special Investigations produced a single, integrated unit under the direct command and operational control of the minister of national defense.<ref name="LOC"/>
The Defense Counterintelligence Command was formally activated in October 1977 under the name '''Military Security Command''' ('''MSC'''; {{korean|국군보안사령부|國軍保安司令部}}).<ref name="dsscen history" /><ref name="dssckr history" /> This merger of the Army Security Command, the Navy Security Unit, and the Air Force Office of Special Investigations produced a single, integrated unit under the direct command and operational control of the minister of national defense.<ref name="dsscen history" /><ref name="dssckr history" />


[[Chun Doo-hwan]] became chief of the Defense Security Command in February 1979, eight months before [[Park Chung-hee]] was assassinated on October 26, 1979. From his position as commander of the DSC, Chun effectively became chief investigator of the assassination, said Don Oberdorfer in his book ''The Two Koreas''.<ref>Addison-Wesley, Reading, Mass, 1997, {{ISBN|0-201-40927-5}}, p.&nbsp;121</ref> On December 12, 1979, a group of generals led by Chun arrested martial law commander General [[Jeong Seung-hwa]], the army chief of staff, and [[Coup d'état of December Twelfth|seized key sites in the capital]].
[[Chun Doo-hwan]] became chief of the '''Defense Security Command''' ('''DSC'''; {{korean|국군기무사령부|國軍機務司令部}}) in February 1979, eight months before [[Park Chung-hee]] was assassinated on October 26, 1979. From his position as commander of the DSC, Chun effectively became chief investigator of the assassination, said Don Oberdorfer in his book ''The Two Koreas''.<ref>Addison-Wesley, Reading, Mass, 1997, {{ISBN|0-201-40927-5}}, p.&nbsp;121</ref> On December 12, 1979, a group of generals led by Chun arrested martial law commander General [[Jeong Seung-hwa]], the army chief of staff, and [[Coup d'état of December Twelfth|seized key sites in the capital]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Article/E0034018|title=12·12 군사반란 (十二十二 軍事叛亂)|publisher=Academy of Korean Studies|date=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240204172825/https://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Article/E0034018|archivedate=4 February 2024|accessdate=4 February 2024|author=Lee Wan-bum}}</ref>


The DSC's involvement in 1979 was considered and defined as attempt of a coup by state council.
⚫
also, Chun mobilize the DSC 505th Defense Security Unit({{ko-hhrm|제505보안부대|第505保安部隊}}) in [[Gwangju Uprising]] in May 1980.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://english.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_national/893879.html|title=Chun Doo-hwan arrived in Gwangju by helicopter before troops opened fire on civilians|access-date=2019-05-14|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190517012803/http://english.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_national/893879.html|archive-date=May 17, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> during the Uprising, Plainclothed DSC 505th DSU operatives disguised themselves as protesters(lately became militia) to Covert operations such as gathering intelligence,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.sbs.co.kr/news/endPage.do?news_id=N1004508719|title=기무사 사진첩, 37년 만에 공개 ① : 평상복으로 위장한 군인이 기록한 5·18|access-date=2017-12-01|language=ko|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=live}}</ref> arresting top-level members for ruin the protester(militia)'s reputation by make it look like North Korean opeatives involved in the Uprising.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.gospeltoday.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=5451|title=39년 전 그날의 참상에 광주는 다시 울었다|access-date=2019-12-11|language=ko|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202115750/http://www.gospeltoday.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=5451|archive-date=December 2, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Chun eventually became [[President of South Korea]].


⚫
==Criticism==
In August 2018, it was dismantled due to its relation with former South Korean president [[Park Geun-hye]]. The martial law events were reviewed in case President Park's impeachment would be dismissed.
⚫
During the [[Gwangju Uprising]], many Plainclothed DSC operatives disguised themselves as protesters to conducted Covert operations against Civilian Militia.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.sbs.co.kr/news/endPage.do?news_id=N1004508719|title=기무사 사진첩, 37년 만에 공개 ① : 평상복으로 위장한 군인이 기록한 5·18|access-date=2017-12-01|language=ko|archive-url=|archive-date=}}</ref> Their main objective was arrest and detain militia members illegally and fabricating lies and calumnies about militia to ruin the militia's reputation and make the uprising look like North Korean operatives involved.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.gospeltoday.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=5451|title=39년 전 그날의 참상에 광주는 다시 울었다|access-date=2019-12-11|language=ko|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202115750/http://www.gospeltoday.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=5451|archive-date=December 2, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>


⚫
On November 11, 2011, the Seoul National Labor Relations Commission exposed a Defense Security Command member who had been illegally collecting the information of civilians registered in the National Health Insurance Corporation for three and a half years.<ref>{{cite news | first = Tae-gyu (태규) | last = Kim (김) | script-title=ko:기무사, 건보공단서 3년6개월간 민간인 62명 개인정보 빼냈다. | date = 2011-11-12 | url = http://www.hani.co.kr/arti/society/society_general/505178.html | work = The Hankyeoreh | accessdate = 2011-11-12 | language = Korean}}</ref>
The DSC's involvement in 1979 was considered and defined as attempt of a coup by state council.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news1.kr/election613|title=뉴스1 {{!}} 계엄문건 67장 '세부자료' 공개…탄핵기각시 '실행' 수준 Detailed Martial law document 67 pages open to public|last=|first=|date=|website=뉴스1|language=ko|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-03-26}}</ref>


Before the [[Impeachment of Park Geun-hye]] on March 2017, DSC was planning a [[Self-coup]] and declaration of martial law in case of impeachment of [[Park Geun-hye]] failed and anticipation of prolonged protests in response. DSC's self-coup plan document was revealed to the public in 2018. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news1.kr/photos/3221147|title=뉴스1 {{!}} 계엄문건 67장 '세부자료' 공개…탄핵기각시 '실행' 수준 Detailed Martial law document 67 pages open to public|last=|first=|date=|website=뉴스1|language=ko|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241206235419/https://www.news1.kr/photos/3221147|archive-date=2024-12-06|access-date=2018-07-23|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.segye.com/newsView/20180723007159|title=기무사, 朴 탄핵 후 모든 상황 적용 가능한 계엄계획 세웠다 Defense Security Command made a Martial Law Plan to put it on every occasion after the Park's Impeachment|last=|first=|date=|website=세계일보|language=ko|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241207000806/https://www.segye.com/newsView/20180723007159|archive-date=2024-12-07|access-date=2018-07-24|url-status=live}}</ref>
==Successor==
In September 2018, it was reorganized as '''Defense Security Support Command'''.


in December 2024, Defense Counterintelligence Command was involved in [[2024 South Korean martial law|another self-coup plan]] for President [[Yoon Suk Yeol]].
⚫
==Criticism==
⚫
On November 11, 2011, the [[Seoul National Labor Relations Commission]] exposed a Defense Security Command member who had been illegally collecting the information of civilians registered in the [[National Health Insurance Corporation]] for three and a half years.<ref>{{cite news | first = Tae-gyu (태규) | last = Kim (김) | script-title=ko:기무사, 건보공단서 3년6개월간 민간인 62명 개인정보 빼냈다. | date = 2011-11-12 | url = http://www.hani.co.kr/arti/society/society_general/505178.html | work = The Hankyeoreh | accessdate = 2011-11-12 | language = Korean}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
Line 58: Line 48:


==External links==
==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20180430212144/http://www.dsc.mil.kr/main.do?cmd=main Official website(Korean)]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20140306092221/http://www.dsc.mil.kr/eng/ Official website(English)]
*Globalsecurity.org, [http://www.globalsecurity.org/intell/world/rok/dsc.htm#at Defense Security Command], accessed October 2009
*Globalsecurity.org, [http://www.globalsecurity.org/intell/world/rok/dsc.htm#at Defense Security Command], accessed October 2009


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[[Category:Ministry of National Defense (South Korea)]]
[[Category:Ministry of National Defense (South Korea)]]
[[Category:Counterintelligence agencies]]
[[Category:Counterintelligence agencies]]
[[Category:Gwangju Uprising]]

Latest revision as of 02:54, 24 December 2024

Defense Counterintelligence Command
국군방첩사령부
ActiveMilitary Security Command
(1977–1990)
Defense Security Command
(1991–2018)
Defense Security Support Command
(2018–2022)
Defense Counterintelligence Command
(2022–present)[1][2]
Country South Korea
TypeROK Armed Forces Inter-service command
Part ofMinistry of Defense
Garrison/HQGwacheon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
Motto(s)Limitless Dedication for the Protection of Liberty of the Republic of Korea[3]
WebsiteOfficial website in English
Official website in Korean
Commanders
Current
commander		Lt. Gen. Yeo In-hyung
Notable
commanders		General Chun Doo-hwan
General Roh Tae-woo
Lieutenant General Chang Do-yong[4]
Defense Counterintelligence Command
Hangul
국군방첩사령부
Hanja
國軍防諜司令部
Revised RomanizationGukgun Bangcheop Saryeongbu
McCune–ReischauerKukkun Bangch'ŏp Saryŏngbu

The Republic of Korea Armed Forces's Defense Counterintelligence Command (DCC; Korean: 국군방첩사령부; Hanja: 國軍防諜司令部) was founded as the Army Counter Intelligence Corps (commonly known as CIC or KACIC;[5][6] meaning: Special Operation Forces) on 21 October 1950.[1][2] The DCC is primarily responsible for intelligence missions such as clandestine and covert operation, counteringelligence, defense industry security, forensic investigations, HUMINT, and military security[7][8][9]

The unit was reorganized into the Defense Counterintelligence Command on 1 November 2022.[1][2]

History

[edit]

The Defense Counterintelligence Command was formally activated in October 1977 under the name Military Security Command (MSC; Korean: 국군보안사령부; Hanja: 國軍保安司令部).[1][2] This merger of the Army Security Command, the Navy Security Unit, and the Air Force Office of Special Investigations produced a single, integrated unit under the direct command and operational control of the minister of national defense.[1][2]

Chun Doo-hwan became chief of the Defense Security Command (DSC; Korean: 국군기무사령부; Hanja: 國軍機務司令部) in February 1979, eight months before Park Chung-hee was assassinated on October 26, 1979. From his position as commander of the DSC, Chun effectively became chief investigator of the assassination, said Don Oberdorfer in his book The Two Koreas.[10] On December 12, 1979, a group of generals led by Chun arrested martial law commander General Jeong Seung-hwa, the army chief of staff, and seized key sites in the capital.[11]

The DSC's involvement in 1979 was considered and defined as attempt of a coup by state council.

Criticism

[edit]

During the Gwangju Uprising, many Plainclothed DSC operatives disguised themselves as protesters to conducted Covert operations against Civilian Militia.[12] Their main objective was arrest and detain militia members illegally and fabricating lies and calumnies about militia to ruin the militia's reputation and make the uprising look like North Korean operatives involved.[13]

On November 11, 2011, the Seoul National Labor Relations Commission exposed a Defense Security Command member who had been illegally collecting the information of civilians registered in the National Health Insurance Corporation for three and a half years.[14]

Before the Impeachment of Park Geun-hye on March 2017, DSC was planning a Self-coup and declaration of martial law in case of impeachment of Park Geun-hye failed and anticipation of prolonged protests in response. DSC's self-coup plan document was revealed to the public in 2018. [15] [16]

in December 2024, Defense Counterintelligence Command was involved in another self-coup plan for President Yoon Suk Yeol.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e "History". Defense Counterintelligence Command. Retrieved 3 February 2024.
  2. ^ a b c d e "연혁". Defense Counterintelligence Command. Retrieved 3 February 2024.
  3. ^ "Command Spirit". Defense Counterintelligence Command. Retrieved 3 February 2024.
  4. ^ During the KACIC period.
  5. ^ 體育大會어제閉幕 靑年의意氣遺憾없이發揚. Naver.com (in Korean). Dong-A Ilbo. 1953-10-23. Retrieved 2021-04-03.
  6. ^ 뉴스데스크 5–60년대 육군 특무부대원들 조선시대 마패처럼 메달 갖고 다녀[전봉기] (in Korean). 2006-04-16. Retrieved 2021-04-03.
  7. ^ "Military Security". Defense Counterintelligence Command. Retrieved 4 February 2024.
  8. ^ "Defense Industry Security". Defense Counterintelligence Command. Retrieved 4 February 2024.
  9. ^ "Forensic investigation". Defense Counterintelligence Command. Retrieved 4 February 2024.
  10. ^ Addison-Wesley, Reading, Mass, 1997, ISBN 0-201-40927-5, p. 121
  11. ^ Lee Wan-bum. "12·12 군사반란 (十二十二 軍事叛亂)". Academy of Korean Studies. Archived from the original on 4 February 2024. Retrieved 4 February 2024.
  12. ^ "기무사 사진첩, 37년 만에 공개 ① : 평상복으로 위장한 군인이 기록한 5·18" (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-12-01.
  13. ^ "39년 전 그날의 참상에 광주는 다시 울었다" (in Korean). Archived from the original on December 2, 2020. Retrieved 2019-12-11.
  14. ^ Kim (김), Tae-gyu (태규) (2011-11-12). 기무사, 건보공단서 3년6개월간 민간인 62명 개인정보 빼냈다.. The Hankyeoreh (in Korean). Retrieved 2011-11-12.
  15. ^ "뉴스1 | 계엄문건 67장 '세부자료' 공개…탄핵기각시 '실행' 수준 Detailed Martial law document 67 pages open to public". 뉴스1 (in Korean). Archived from the original on 2024-12-06. Retrieved 2018-07-23.
  16. ^ "기무사, 朴 탄핵 후 모든 상황 적용 가능한 계엄계획 세웠다 Defense Security Command made a Martial Law Plan to put it on every occasion after the Park's Impeachment". 세계일보 (in Korean). Archived from the original on 2024-12-07. Retrieved 2018-07-24.
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