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Pandæmonium (or Pandemonium in some versions of English) is the capital of Hell in John Milton's epic poem Paradise Lost.^[1]^[2]

The name stems from the Greek pan (παν), meaning 'all' or 'every', and daimónion (δαιμόνιον), a diminutive form meaning 'little spirit', 'little angel', or, as Christians interpreted it, 'little daemon', and later, 'demon'. Pandæmonium thus roughly translates as "All Demons"—but can also be interpreted as Pandemoneios (Παν-δαιμον-ειον), or 'all-demon-place'.

John Milton invented the name in Paradise Lost (1667), as "A solemn Council forthwith to be held at Pandæmonium, the high Capitol, of Satan and his Peers" [Book I, Lines 754-756], which was built by the fallen angels at the suggestion of Mammon. It was designed by the architect Mulciber, who had been the designer of palaces in Heaven before his fall. (In Roman times, Mulciber was another name for the Roman god Vulcan.) Book II begins with the debate among the "Stygian Council" in the council-chamber of Pandæmonium. The demons built it in about an hour, but it far surpassed all human palaces or dwellings; it was probably quite small, however, as its spacious hall is described as being very crowded with the thronging swarm of demons, who were taller than any human man, until at a signal they were shrunk from their titanic size to less than "smallest dwarfs". It was also reputed to be made of solid gold.

References

^ Bongers, Bert (2021-12-21). Understanding Interaction: The Relationships Between People, Technology, Culture, and the Environment: Volume 1: Evolution, Technology, Language and Culture. CRC Press. p. 123. ISBN 978-1-4822-2863-2.
^ Bane, Theresa (2014-03-08). Encyclopedia of Imaginary and Mythical Places. McFarland. p. 115. ISBN 978-1-4766-1565-3.

External links

The dictionary definition of pandemonium at Wiktionary

[1] Bongers, Bert (2021-12-21). Understanding Interaction: The Relationships Between People, Technology, Culture, and the Environment: Volume 1: Evolution, Technology, Language and Culture. CRC Press. p. 123. ISBN 978-1-4822-2863-2.

[2] Bane, Theresa (2014-03-08). Encyclopedia of Imaginary and Mythical Places. McFarland. p. 115. ISBN 978-1-4766-1565-3.

[1]

[2]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Fictional location from Paradise Lost}}
 {{DISPLAYTITLE:Pandæmonium (''Paradise Lost'')}}
-{{wikt|pandemonium}}
 [[File: Martin, John - Satan presiding at the Infernal Council - 1824.JPG|thumb|[[John Martin (painter)|John Martin]], ''[[Satan Presiding at the Infernal Council]]'', c. 1823–1827]]
 [[File:John Martin Le Pandemonium Louvre.JPG|thumb|right|[[John Martin (painter)|John Martin]], ''Pandemonium'', 1841]]
+'''Pandæmonium''' (or '''Pandemonium''' in some versions of [[English language|English]]) is the [[Capital city|capital]] of [[Hell]] in [[John Milton]]'s [[epic poem]] ''[[Paradise Lost]]''.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bongers |first=Bert |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2ZhLEAAAQBAJ |title=Understanding Interaction: The Relationships Between People, Technology, Culture, and the Environment: Volume 1: Evolution, Technology, Language and Culture |date=2021-12-21 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-1-4822-2863-2 |pages=123 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Bane |first=Theresa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HKwzAwAAQBAJ |title=Encyclopedia of Imaginary and Mythical Places |date=2014-03-08 |publisher=McFarland |isbn=978-1-4766-1565-3 |pages=115 |language=en}}</ref>
-'''Pandæmonium''' is the [[Capital city|capital]] of [[Hell]] in [[John Milton]]'s [[epic poem]] ''[[Paradise Lost]]''.
-"'''Pandæmonium'''" (in some versions of [[English language|English]] "'''Pandemonium'''") stems from the [[Greek language|Greek]] "παν", meaning "all" or "every", and "δαιμόνιον", meaning "little spirit", "little angel", or, as Christians interpreted it, "little daemon", and later, "[[demon]]". It thus roughly translates as "All Demons", but can also be interpreted as Παν-δαιμον-ειον, "all-demon-place".<ref>{{Citation|title=Pandemonium|url=https://www.nbc.com/the-good-place/video/pandemonium/3865680|access-date=2019-01-29}}</ref>
+The name stems from the [[Greek language|Greek]] ''pan'' (παν), meaning 'all' or 'every', and ''daimónion'' (δαιμόνιον), a diminutive form meaning 'little spirit', 'little angel', or, as Christians interpreted it, 'little daemon', and later, '[[demon]]'. ''Pandæmonium'' thus roughly translates as "All Demons"—but can also be interpreted as ''Pandemoneios'' (Παν-δαιμον-ειον), or 'all-demon-place'.
-[[John Milton]] invented the name for the capital of [[Hell]], "the High Capital, of [[Satan]] and his [[peerage|Peers]]", built by the fallen angels at the suggestion of [[Mammon]] at the end of Book I of ''[[Paradise Lost]]'' (1667). It was designed by the architect [[Mulciber (disambiguation)|Mulciber]], who had been the designer of palaces in Heaven before his fall. (In Roman times, Mulciber was another name for the Roman god [[Vulcan (mythology)|Vulcan]]). Book II begins with the debate among the "Stygian Council" in the council-chamber of Pandæmonium. The demons built it in about an hour, but it far surpassed all human palaces or dwellings; it was probably quite small, however, as its spacious hall is described as being very crowded with the thronging swarm of demons, who were taller than any human man, until at a signal they were shrunk from their titanic size to less than “smallest dwarfs”. It was also reputed to be made of solid gold.
+John Milton invented the name in ''Paradise Lost'' (1667), as "A solemn Council forthwith to be held at ''Pandæmonium'', the high Capitol, of [[Satan]] and his [[List of demons in the Ars Goetia|Peers]]" [Book I, Lines 754-756], which was built by the fallen angels at the suggestion of [[Mammon]]. It was designed by the architect [[Mulciber (Paradise Lost)|Mulciber]], who had been the designer of palaces in Heaven before his fall. (In Roman times, Mulciber was another name for the Roman god [[Vulcan (mythology)|Vulcan]].) Book II begins with the debate among the "[[Styx|Stygian]] Council" in the council-chamber of Pandæmonium. The demons built it in about an hour, but it far surpassed all human palaces or dwellings; it was probably quite small, however, as its spacious hall is described as being very crowded with the thronging swarm of demons, who were taller than any human man, until at a signal they were shrunk from their titanic size to less than "smallest dwarfs". It was also reputed to be made of solid gold.
 ==See also==
 * [[Dis (Divine Comedy)|Dis]]
-* [[Inferno (Dante)|Inferno]]
+* ''[[Inferno (Dante)|Inferno]]''
-* ''[[Divine Comedy]]''
-==References==
+== References ==
+{{Reflist}}
-<references />
+== External links ==
-{{Paradise Lost}}
+* {{Wiktionary inline|pandemonium}}
 {{DEFAULTSORT:Pandaemonium (Paradise Lost)}}
 [[Category:Fictional populated places]]
 [[Category:Hell (Christianity)]]
+[[Category:Hell in popular culture]]
-{{UK-poem-stub}}