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{{short description|Historical polity in the Congo Basin}}
{{Infobox country
{{Infobox country
|year_start = c. 1600
|year_start = c. 1600
|year_end = c. 1900
|title_leader = [[Ngeliboma]]
|title_leader = [[Ngeliboma]]
|capital = [[Mbali (DRC)|Mbali]]
|capital = [[Mbali (DRC)|Mbali]]
|p1 = Mwene Muji
|s1 = Congo Free State
}}
}}
The '''Boma Kingdom''', '''Ibar''', or '''Giribuma''' was a polity in the [[Congo Basin]] of the [[Boma people]], around [[Lake Mai-Ndombe]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Vansina |first=J. |date=1962 |title=Long-Distance Trade-Routes in Central Africa |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-african-history/article/abs/longdistance-traderoutes-in-central-africa/30FA1A1E010838C9EC0F6684BF6FBD5F |journal=The Journal of African History |language=en |volume=3 |issue=3 |pages=375–390 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700003303 |issn=1469-5138}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Koni Muluwa |first=Joseph |url=https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/7030182 |title=Lexique comparé des langues bantu du Kwilu (République démocratique du Congo) |last2=Bostoen |first2=Koen |date=2015 |publisher=Rüdiger Köppe Verlag |isbn=978-3-89645-564-2 |volume=48}}</ref> It split from [[Mwene Muji]] in the early 17th century, with tradition holding its founder as [[Maluma Bieme]].<ref name="Thornton 2024"/>{{rp|page=41}}<ref name=":0">{{Citation |title=Queen Njinga’s Struggle for Ndongo |date=2020 |work=A History of West Central Africa to 1850 |pages=123–161 |editor-last=Thornton |editor-first=John K. |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/history-of-west-central-africa-to-1850/queen-njingas-struggle-for-ndongo/1C9A81A7BA46ADD0FF917CD44BF38F1A |access-date=2024-12-12 |series=New Approaches to African History |place=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-107-56593-7}}</ref>{{Rp|page=142}} It maintained close relations with the [[Tio Kingdom]].<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|page=142}} In the 1640s, the Boma Kingdom was said to control fifteen "kings" and to be one of the "mightiest kingdoms in Africa". By the end of the 19th century, Boma surpassed Mwene Muji to become the major power in the Lower [[Kasai River|Kasai]] region.<ref name="Thornton 2024" />{{Rp|page=36}}
The '''Boma Kingdom''', '''Ibar''', or '''Giribuma''' was a polity in the [[Congo Basin]]. It split from [[Mwene Muji]] in the early 17th century.<ref name="Thornton 2024"/>{{rp|page=41}}


Boma [[Oral tradition|oral traditions]], first collected in 1926, detail how the [[Boma people]] have inhabited the region, following a group of leaders south down the [[Kwango River]] to escape their [[Elder (administrative title)|elders]] forcing them to work in mines. They settled in three waves, creating subdivisions in the group. The tale then goes on to detail the conquest of the region by the Ngeli, one of the elders they had fled from, thus giving the leaders of the Boma Kingdom legitimacy by being elders of the original founders.<ref name="Thornton 2024">{{Cite journal |last=Thornton |first=John |date=2024 |title=Mwene Muji: A Medieval Empire in Central Africa? |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-african-history/article/mwene-muji-a-medieval-empire-in-central-africa/2F2D9F46069847DC655F171B75636D27 |journal=The Journal of African History |language=en |volume=65 |issue=1 |pages=30–46 |doi=10.1017/S0021853724000161 |issn=0021-8537}}</ref>{{Rp|page=38}}
Boma [[Oral tradition|oral traditions]], collected in 1926, detail how the Boma people have come to inhabit the region, following a group of leaders south down the [[Kwango River]] to escape their [[Elder (administrative title)|elders]] forcing them to work in mines. They settled in three waves, creating subdivisions in the group. The tale then goes on to detail the conquest of the region by the ''Ngeli'', one of the elders they had fled from, thus giving the leaders of the Boma Kingdom, ''ngeliboma'', legitimacy by being elders of the original founders, the [[Ntote]] of [[Mwene Muji]].<ref name="Thornton 2024">{{Cite journal |last=Thornton |first=John |date=2024 |title=Mwene Muji: A Medieval Empire in Central Africa? |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-african-history/article/mwene-muji-a-medieval-empire-in-central-africa/2F2D9F46069847DC655F171B75636D27 |journal=The Journal of African History |language=en |volume=65 |issue=1 |pages=30–46 |doi=10.1017/S0021853724000161 |issn=0021-8537}}</ref>{{Rp|page=38}}

==Notes==
{{notelist}}


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}

{{Drafts moved from mainspace|date=October 2024}}
[[Category:Former monarchies of Africa]]
[[Category:Countries in medieval Africa]]
[[Category:Countries in precolonial Africa]]
[[Category:History of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]
[[Category:17th-century establishments in Africa]]

Latest revision as of 11:00, 13 December 2024

Boma Kingdom
c. 1600–c. 1900
CapitalMbali
Ngeliboma 
History 
• Established
c. 1600
• Disestablished
c. 1900
Preceded by		 Succeeded by
Mwene Muji
Congo Free State

The Boma Kingdom, Ibar, or Giribuma was a polity in the Congo Basin of the Boma people, around Lake Mai-Ndombe.[1][2] It split from Mwene Muji in the early 17th century, with tradition holding its founder as Maluma Bieme.[3]: 41 [4]: 142  It maintained close relations with the Tio Kingdom.[4]: 142  In the 1640s, the Boma Kingdom was said to control fifteen "kings" and to be one of the "mightiest kingdoms in Africa". By the end of the 19th century, Boma surpassed Mwene Muji to become the major power in the Lower Kasai region.[3]: 36 

Boma oral traditions, collected in 1926, detail how the Boma people have come to inhabit the region, following a group of leaders south down the Kwango River to escape their elders forcing them to work in mines. They settled in three waves, creating subdivisions in the group. The tale then goes on to detail the conquest of the region by the Ngeli, one of the elders they had fled from, thus giving the leaders of the Boma Kingdom, ngeliboma, legitimacy by being elders of the original founders, the Ntote of Mwene Muji.[3]: 38 

Notes

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Vansina, J. (1962). "Long-Distance Trade-Routes in Central Africa". The Journal of African History. 3 (3): 375–390. doi:10.1017/S0021853700003303. ISSN 1469-5138.
  2. ^ Koni Muluwa, Joseph; Bostoen, Koen (2015). Lexique comparé des langues bantu du Kwilu (République démocratique du Congo). Vol. 48. Rüdiger Köppe Verlag. ISBN 978-3-89645-564-2.
  3. ^ a b c Thornton, John (2024). "Mwene Muji: A Medieval Empire in Central Africa?". The Journal of African History. 65 (1): 30–46. doi:10.1017/S0021853724000161. ISSN 0021-8537.
  4. ^ a b Thornton, John K., ed. (2020), "Queen Njinga's Struggle for Ndongo", A History of West Central Africa to 1850, New Approaches to African History, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 123–161, ISBN 978-1-107-56593-7, retrieved 2024-12-12
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