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{{short description|Genus of ants}}
{{italictitle}}
{{Automatic taxobox
{{Taxobox
| image = Graceful Twig Ant, Wedgefield, FL 32833, USA imported from iNaturalist photo 41524769.jpg
| name = ''Pseudomyrmex''
| image = Pseudomyrmex acanthobius casent0173746 profile 1.jpg
| image_caption = ''[[Pseudomyrmex gracilis|P. gracilis]]'' (elongate twig ant) with caterpillar prey
| display_parents = 2
| image_caption = Pseudomyrmex acanthobius
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| taxon = Pseudomyrmex
| authority = Lund, 1831
| phylum = [[Arthropod]]a
| diversity_link = #Species
| classis = [[Insect]]a
| diversity = 146 species
| ordo = [[Hymenoptera]]
| diversity_ref = <ref name="AntCat">{{AntCat|429409|''Pseudomyrmex''|2014|accessdate=3 July 2014}}</ref>
| familia = [[Formicidae]]
| genus = '''''Pseudomyrmex'''''
| type_species = ''[[Pseudomyrmex gracilis|Formica gracilis]]''<ref name="AWPseudomyrmex"/>
| type_species_authority = Fabricius, 1804
| genus_authority =
| synonyms = ''Apedunculata'' <small>Enzmann, 1944</small><br>
| subdivision_ranks = [[Species]]
''Clavanoda'' <small>Enzmann, 1944</small><br>
| subdivision =
''Latinoda'' <small>Enzmann, 1944</small><br>
Many, see text
''Leptalea'' <small>Erichson, 1839</small><br>
''Myrmex'' <small>Guérin-Méneville, 1844</small><br>
''Ornatinoda'' <small>Enzmann, 1944</small><br>
''Pseudomyrma'' <small>Guérin-Méneville, 1844</small><br>
''Triangulinoda'' <small>Enzmann, 1944</small>
| synonyms_ref = <ref name="Ward_1990"/>
}}
}}


'''''Pseudomyrmex''''' is a [[genus]] of stinging, wasp-like [[ant]]s in the [[family (biology)|family]] [[Formicidae]] (Kempf 1972). They are large eyed, slender ants with an [[arboreal]] habitat. They found exclusively in the New World in [[tropical]] and [[subtropical]] regions. Most species of ''Pseudomyrmex'' are generalist twig nesters, but the genus is best known for several species that are obligate [[mutualists]] with [[''Acacia'']].
'''''Pseudomyrmex''''' is a [[genus]] of stinging, wasp-like [[ant]]s in the [[subfamily]] [[Pseudomyrmecinae]]. They are large-eyed, slender ants, found mainly in [[tropical]] and [[subtropical]] regions of the [[New World]].


==Distribution and habitat==
Species include:
''Pseudomyrmex'' is predominantly [[Neotropical]] in distribution, but a few species are known from the [[Nearctic]] region.<ref name="Ward 1985"/> Most species are generalist twig nesters, for instance, ''[[Pseudomyrmex pallidus]]'' may nest in the hollow stems of dead grasses, twigs of [[herbaceous plants]], and in dead, woody twigs.<ref name="Ward 1985">{{cite journal |author=Phillip S. Ward |year=1985 |title=The Neartic species of the genus ''Pseudomyrmex'' (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) |journal=[[Quaestiones Entomologicae]] |volume=21 |pages=209–246 |url=https://archive.org/details/ants_02952}}</ref> However, the genus is best known for several species that are obligate [[mutualists]] with certain species of ''[[Acacia sensu lato|Acacia]]''.<ref>Gómez-Acevedo, Sandra; Rico-Arce, Lourdes; Delgado-Salinas, Alfonso; Magallón, Susana; Eguiarte, Luis E. Neotropical mutualism between Acacia and Pseudomyrmex: Phylogeny and divergence times. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 56 (2010) 393–408</ref> Other species have evolved obligate mutualism with other trees; for example ''[[Pseudomyrmex triplarinus]]'' is obligately dependent on any of a few trees in the genus ''[[Triplaris]]''.<ref name=la>Larrea-Alcázar, D. M. and J. A. Simonetti. (2007). [http://www.conservacion.cl/Quienes/JAS/165.pdf Why are there few seedlings beneath the myrmecophyte ''Triplaris americana''?.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002053626/http://www.conservacion.cl/Quienes/JAS/165.pdf |date=2013-10-02 }} ''Acta Oecologica'' 32(1) 112–18.</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Ward|first=Philip S.|title=Systematics, biogeography and host plant associations of the Pseudomyrmex viduus group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), Triplaris- and Tachigali-inhabiting ants|journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society|date=1 August 1999|volume=126|issue=4|pages=451–540|doi=10.1006/zjls.1998.0158|doi-access=free}}</ref>
⚫
{{div col|cols=2}}
[[File:Pseudomyrmex acanthobius casent0173746 profile 1.jpg|thumb|''[[Pseudomyrmex acanthobius|P. acanthobius]]'']]
[[File:Pseudomyrmex apache casent0102906 profile 1.jpg|thumb|''[[Pseudomyrmex apache|P. apache]]'']]
[[File:Pseudomyrmex browni casent0005835 profile 1.jpg|thumb|''[[Pseudomyrmex browni|P. browni]]'']]
[[File:Pseudomyrmex caeciliae casent0103315 profile 1.jpg|thumb|''[[Pseudomyrmex caeciliae|P. caeciliae]]'']]
[[File:Pseudomyrmex cubaensis casent0173759 profile 1.jpg|thumb|''[[Pseudomyrmex cubaensis|P. cubaensis]]'']]
[[File:Pseudomyrmex denticollis casent0173748 profile 1.jpg|thumb|''[[Pseudomyrmex denticollis|P. denticollis]]'']]
[[File:Pseudomyrmex ejectus casent0102683 profile 1.jpg|thumb|''[[Pseudomyrmex ejectus|P. ejectus]]'']]
[[File:Pseudomyrmex ferrugineus casent0005785 profile 1.jpg|thumb|''[[Pseudomyrmex ferrugineus|P. ferrugineus]]'']]
[[File:Pseudomyrmex flavicornis casent0005786 profile 1.jpg|thumb|''[[Pseudomyrmex flavicornis|P. flavicornis]]'']]
[[File:Pseudomyrmex osurus casent0005847 profile 1.jpg|thumb|''[[Pseudomyrmex osurus|P. osurus]]'']]
[[File:Pseudomyrmex simplex casent0173776 profile 1.jpg|thumb|''[[Pseudomyrmex simplex|P. simplex]]'']]
[[File:Pseudomyrmex termitarius casent0173786 profile 1.jpg|thumb|''[[Pseudomyrmex termitarius|P. termitarius]]'']]

==Species==
{{see also|List of Pseudomyrmex species}}
⚫
{{div col}}
* ''[[Pseudomyrmex acanthobius]]'' <small>(Emery, 1896)</small>
* ''[[Pseudomyrmex acanthobius]]'' <small>(Emery, 1896)</small>
* ''[[Pseudomyrmex adustus]]'' <small>(Borgmeier, 1929)</small>
* ''[[Pseudomyrmex adustus]]'' <small>(Borgmeier, 1929)</small>
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* ''[[Pseudomyrmex santschii]]'' <small>(Enzmann, 1944)</small>
* ''[[Pseudomyrmex santschii]]'' <small>(Enzmann, 1944)</small>
* ''[[Pseudomyrmex satanicus]]'' <small>(Wheeler, 1942)</small>
* ''[[Pseudomyrmex satanicus]]'' <small>(Wheeler, 1942)</small>
* †''[[Pseudomyrmex saxulum]]'' <small>LaPolla & Greenwalt, 2015</small>
* ''[[Pseudomyrmex schuppi]]'' <small>(Forel, 1901)</small>
* ''[[Pseudomyrmex schuppi]]'' <small>(Forel, 1901)</small>
* ''[[Pseudomyrmex seminole]]'' <small>Ward, 1985</small>
* ''[[Pseudomyrmex seminole]]'' <small>Ward, 1985</small>
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* ''[[Pseudomyrmex veneficus]]'' <small>(Wheeler, 1942)</small>
* ''[[Pseudomyrmex veneficus]]'' <small>(Wheeler, 1942)</small>
* ''[[Pseudomyrmex venustus]]'' <small>(Smith, 1858)</small>
* ''[[Pseudomyrmex venustus]]'' <small>(Smith, 1858)</small>
* ''[[Pseudomyrmex vicinus]]'' <small>Ward, 1992</small>
* †''[[Pseudomyrmex vicinus]]'' <small>Ward, 1992</small>
* ''[[Pseudomyrmex viduus]]'' <small>(Smith, 1858)</small>
* ''[[Pseudomyrmex viduus]]'' <small>(Smith, 1858)</small>
* ''[[Pseudomyrmex villosus]]'' <small>Ward, 1989</small>
* ''[[Pseudomyrmex villosus]]'' <small>Ward, 1989</small>
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* ''[[Pseudomyrmex weberi]]'' <small>(Enzmann, 1944)</small>
* ''[[Pseudomyrmex weberi]]'' <small>(Enzmann, 1944)</small>
* ''[[Pseudomyrmex wheeleri]]'' <small>(Enzmann, 1944)</small>
* ''[[Pseudomyrmex wheeleri]]'' <small>(Enzmann, 1944)</small>
<!-- see also list on pt:; check for reliability -->
{{div col end}}
{{div col end}}


==References==
{{ant-stub}}
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name="AWPseudomyrmex">{{cite web |url=http://www.antweb.org/description.do?name=Pseudomyrmex&rank=genus&project=allantwebants |title= Genus: ''Pseudomyrmex'' |date= |website=antweb.org |publisher=[[AntWeb]] |access-date=11 October 2013}}</ref>
<ref name="Ward_1990">{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-3113.1990.tb00077.x| title = The ant subfamily Pseudomyrmecinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): Generic revision and relationship to other formicids| journal = [[Systematic Entomology]]| volume = 15| issue = 4| pages = 449–489| year = 1990| last1 = Ward | first1 = P. S. | bibcode = 1990SysEn..15..449W| s2cid = 86012514| url = https://zenodo.org/record/24961}}</ref>
}}

==External links==
* {{Commons category-inline|Pseudomyrmex|''Pseudomyrmex''}}


{{Taxonbar|from=Q1156280}}
⚫
[[Category:Ants]]


[[Category:Pseudomyrmecinae]]
[[es:Pseudomyrmex]]
⚫
[[Category:Ant genera]]
[[ko:수도머멕스속]]
[[Category:Hymenoptera of South America]]
[[pt:Formiga-de-novato]]
[[Category:Hymenoptera of North America]]
[[ru:Pseudomyrmex]]
[[Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot]]
[[vi:Pseudomyrmex]]

Latest revision as of 00:40, 9 December 2024

Pseudomyrmex
P. gracilis (elongate twig ant) with caterpillar prey
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hymenoptera
Family: Formicidae
Subfamily: Pseudomyrmecinae
Tribe: Pseudomyrmecini
Genus: Pseudomyrmex
Lund, 1831
Type species
Formica gracilis[1]
Fabricius, 1804
Diversity[2]
146 species
Synonyms[3]

Apedunculata Enzmann, 1944
Clavanoda Enzmann, 1944
Latinoda Enzmann, 1944
Leptalea Erichson, 1839
Myrmex Guérin-Méneville, 1844
Ornatinoda Enzmann, 1944
Pseudomyrma Guérin-Méneville, 1844
Triangulinoda Enzmann, 1944

Pseudomyrmex is a genus of stinging, wasp-like ants in the subfamily Pseudomyrmecinae. They are large-eyed, slender ants, found mainly in tropical and subtropical regions of the New World.

Distribution and habitat

[edit]

Pseudomyrmex is predominantly Neotropical in distribution, but a few species are known from the Nearctic region.[4] Most species are generalist twig nesters, for instance, Pseudomyrmex pallidus may nest in the hollow stems of dead grasses, twigs of herbaceous plants, and in dead, woody twigs.[4] However, the genus is best known for several species that are obligate mutualists with certain species of Acacia.[5] Other species have evolved obligate mutualism with other trees; for example Pseudomyrmex triplarinus is obligately dependent on any of a few trees in the genus Triplaris.[6][7]

P. acanthobius
P. apache
P. browni
P. caeciliae
P. cubaensis
P. denticollis
P. ejectus
P. ferrugineus
P. flavicornis
P. osurus
P. simplex
P. termitarius

Species

[edit]
See also: List of Pseudomyrmex species

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Genus: Pseudomyrmex". antweb.org. AntWeb. Retrieved 11 October 2013.
  2. ^ Bolton, B. (2014). "Pseudomyrmex". AntCat. Retrieved 3 July 2014.
  3. ^ Ward, P. S. (1990). "The ant subfamily Pseudomyrmecinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): Generic revision and relationship to other formicids". Systematic Entomology. 15 (4): 449–489. Bibcode:1990SysEn..15..449W. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1990.tb00077.x. S2CID 86012514.
  4. ^ a b Phillip S. Ward (1985). "The Neartic species of the genus Pseudomyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)". Quaestiones Entomologicae. 21: 209–246.
  5. ^ Gómez-Acevedo, Sandra; Rico-Arce, Lourdes; Delgado-Salinas, Alfonso; Magallón, Susana; Eguiarte, Luis E. Neotropical mutualism between Acacia and Pseudomyrmex: Phylogeny and divergence times. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 56 (2010) 393–408
  6. ^ Larrea-Alcázar, D. M. and J. A. Simonetti. (2007). Why are there few seedlings beneath the myrmecophyte Triplaris americana?. Archived 2013-10-02 at the Wayback Machine Acta Oecologica 32(1) 112–18.
  7. ^ Ward, Philip S. (1 August 1999). "Systematics, biogeography and host plant associations of the Pseudomyrmex viduus group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), Triplaris- and Tachigali-inhabiting ants". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 126 (4): 451–540. doi:10.1006/zjls.1998.0158.
[edit]
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