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{{short description|Swiss battery research and development company}}
{{lowercase title|title=nanoFlowcell}}
{{Infobox company
{{Infobox company
| name = nanoFlowcell Holdings plc
| name = NanoFlowcell
| logo =
| logo =
| type = [[Privately held company|Private]]
| caption =
| traded_as =
| type = [[Privately held company|Private]]
| traded_as =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| industry = {{unbulleted list| [[Automotive]] | }}
| founder = Nunzio La Vecchia
| predecessor =
| defunct = <!-- {{End date|YYYY|MM|DD}} -->
| successor =
| area_served =
| foundation = Liechtenstein ({{Start date|2013|}})
| founder = Nunzio La Vecchia{{citation needed|reason=existence disputed|date=March 2015}}
| key_people = {{unbulleted list| Nunzio La Vecchia (CEO) | Hektor Bertschi (COO) }}
| industry = {{unbulleted list| [[Energy]] | [[Automotive]]}}
| defunct = <!-- {{End date|YYYY|MM|DD}} -->
| products = {{unbulleted list| [[Flow battery|Flow batteries]] | [[Electrolytes|Electrolyte liquids]] | [[Traction motor]]s for electric vehicles}}
| location_city = Vaduz
| production =
| location_country = Liechtenstein
| services = Research and development
| locations =
| area_served =
| revenue =
| key_people = {{unbulleted list| Nunzio La Vecchia, CTO | }}{{citation needed|reason=existence disputed|date=March 2015}}
| products = {{unbulleted list| [[Quant E]] | [[Quant F]] | [[Quantino]]}}
| production =
| services = Electric Automobile
| revenue =
| operating_income =
| operating_income =
| net_income =
| net_income =
| assets =
| assets =
| equity =
| equity =
| owner =
| owner =
| num_employees =
| num_employees =
| parent =
| parent = nanoFlowcell Holdings plc
| divisions =
| divisions =
| subsid =
| subsid = nanoFlowcell Management AG
| footnotes =
| homepage = {{URL|nanoflowcell.com}}
| footnotes =
| caption =
| foundation = 1996<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sincan |first1=Alexandru |title=Mindblowing Approach to Electromobility: Is nanoFlowcell Overtaking the Future? |url=https://www.autoevolution.com/news/mindblowing-approach-to-electromobility-is-nanoflowcell-overtaking-the-future-156853.html |website=autoevolution |access-date=2022-04-16 |date=2021-03-07}}</ref>
| intl = yes
| location_city = Kilchberg
| location_country = Switzerland
| locations =
| homepage = {{URL|nanoflowcell.com}}
}}
}}


'''nanoFlowcell Holdings plc''' is a Swiss [[Flow battery|flow cell]] battery research and development company.
'''NanoFlowcell''' is an [[electric car]] [[manufacturer]] registered in [[Liechtenstein]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Liechtenstein-Based Carmaker Quant Brings Two Long-Range EVs to Geneva|url=http://wot.motortrend.com/1503_liechtenstein_based_carmaker_quant_brings_two_long_range_evs_to_geneva.html|accessdate=12 March 2015|publisher=Motor Trend}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Company Registration|url=http://www.oera.li/webservices/HRG/HRG.asmx/getHRGHTML?chnr=0002469871&amt=690&toBeModified=0&validOnly=11000&lang=4&sort=0|publisher=Liechtensteinische Landesverwaltung, Amt für Justiz, Handelsregister|accessdate=12 March 2015}}</ref> founded in 2013.<ref>{{cite web|title=Company Information|url=http://www.nanoflowcell.com/company/|publisher=Nanoflowcell|accessdate=5 March 2015}}</ref>


nanoFlowcell claims to have developed the first flow battery small enough to be used in [[electric car]]s. Its battery, also branded nanoFlowcell, was first presented in the Quant E,<ref>{{Cite web|date=5 March 2014|title=World Premiere of the new QUANT e-Sportlimousine|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FpOSOdYQLbA|website=www.youtube.com}}</ref> Quant F<ref name="auto">{{cite news|url=http://www.topgear.com/uk/car-news/quant-f-electric-car-2015-02-11|title=This is a 1075bhp, 186mph electric car|publisher=Top Gear|access-date=5 March 2015}}</ref> and Quantino prototype vehicles.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.gtspirit.com/2015/03/05/geneva-2015-nanoflowcell-quantino-electric-sportscar/|title=nanoFlowcell Quantino Electric Sportscar|publisher=Gt spirit|access-date=5 March 2015}}</ref> Similar to regular [[Flow battery|redox flow batteries]], the nanoFlowcell battery uses [[electrolyte]] fluids to generate electricity from chemical compounds. nanoFlowcell uses, unlike the electrolytes in [[Vanadium redox battery|vanadium flow batteries]] or [[Polysulfide bromide battery|polysulfide bromide flow batteries]], proprietary molecules as charge carriers; the electrolyte used in the nanoFlowcell is non-toxic and environmentally compatible.<ref>{{Cite web|title=» nanoFlowcellPremier Autos Magazine|url=https://premierautosmagazine.com/nanoflowcell/|access-date=2020-12-13|website=premierautosmagazine.com}}</ref> The electrolyte used in the nanoFlowcell battery has an [[energy density]] of 600 Wh per litre, which is ten times the energy density of regular redox flow cells.<ref>{{cite web|title=BI-ION - ENERGY CARRIER FOR THE ELECTRICITY OF TOMORROW|url=http://nanoflowcell.com/what-we-do/innovation-research/bi-ion/|website=nanoflowcell.com|publisher=nanoFlowcell Holdings Ltd|access-date=30 March 2017}}</ref> nanoFlowcell states that mass production cost for its "non-flammable and non-explosive" electrolyte is below 10 cents per litre.<ref>{{cite web|title=NanoFlowcell Want To Revolutionize The EV Market With The Quant 48Volt|url=http://www.carbuzz.com/news/2017/2/5/NanoFlowcell-Want-To-Revolutionize-The-EV-Market-With-The-Quant-40Volt-7737672/|website=carbuzz.com|date=5 February 2017|publisher=CarBuzz Inc.|access-date=6 March 2017}}</ref>
The company claims their cars run on two kind of [[electrolyte]] fluids in two large tanks, 159 liter and more, which provide upwards of 1,000 kilometer range on a single tank, and have been driven for 14 hours nonstop without refuelling.


The feasibility of nanoFlowcell's flow cell technologies has been questioned.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://heise.de/-2552386|title=Fantastische Literatur aus Genf: der Quant-Supersportler|date=2015-03-11|author=Clemens Gleich|publisher=[[Heinz Heise|Heise Autos]] |access-date=2015-03-17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ecomento.de/2015/02/19/nanoflowcell-quantino/|title=Nanoflowcell Quantino: Elektrolyt-Stromer für Jedermann?|date=2015-02-19|website=ecomento.de|language=de-DE|access-date=2019-03-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.focus.de/auto/elektroauto/nanoflowcell-quantino-5-euro-fuer-100-kilometer-elektroauto-mit-fluessig-akku-vor-dem-marktstart_id_9129442.html|title=4 Euro für 100 Kilometer: Revolutioniert der Flüssig-Akku das Elektroauto?|website=FOCUS Online|language=de|access-date=2019-03-25}}</ref><ref name="topgear">{{Cite web|url=https://www.topgear.com/car-reviews/quantino/first-drive|title=Review: the nanoFlowcell-powered Quantino prototype|date=2016-10-07|website=Top Gear|language=en|access-date=2019-03-25}}</ref><ref name=jalopnik/>
NanoFlowcell's first car Quant has three variants - [[Quant E]],<ref>{{cite news|title=The sports car that runs on SALTWATER: Vehicle goes from 0 to 60mph in 2.8 seconds - and has just been approved for EU roads|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2739768/The-sports-car-runs-SALTWATER-Vehicle-goes-0-60mph-2-8-seconds-just-approved-EU-roads.html|accessdate=5 March 2015|publisher=Daily Mail}}</ref> [[Quant F]]<ref name="auto">{{cite news|title=This is a 1075bhp, 186mph electric car|url=http://www.topgear.com/uk/car-news/quant-f-electric-car-2015-02-11|accessdate=5 March 2015|publisher=Top Gear}}</ref> and [[Quantino]].<ref>{{cite news|title=nanoFlowcell Quantino Electric Sportscar|url=http://www.gtspirit.com/2015/03/05/geneva-2015-nanoflowcell-quantino-electric-sportscar/|accessdate=5 March 2015|publisher=Gt spirit}}</ref> The German [[Heinz Heise|Heise Autos]] magazine called the car's physics into question, noting that the 2000 ampere advertised by the manufacturer to drive the Quantino would need problematically thick cables and that the {{convert|30|kW|abbr=on}} battery would be insufficient to satisfy the power requirements of the Quant E's four {{convert|120|kW|abbr=on}} motors except for very short durations. This technology now gets better performance and permits the use of high quantities of energy .<ref>{{cite web|url=http://heise.de/-2552386|title=Fantastische Literatur aus Genf: der Quant-Supersportler|date=2015-03-11|author=Clemens Gleich|publisher=[[Heinz Heise|Heise Autos]] |accessdate=2015-03-17}}</ref>


nanoFlowcell has registered offices in Kilchberg, Switzerland <ref>{{cite web|title=nanoFlowcell IP AG|url=https://www.moneyhouse.ch/de/company/nanoflowcell-ip-ag-2699192911|website=moneyhouse.ch|publisher=Moneyhouse AG|access-date=30 March 2017}}</ref> and London, United Kingdom.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://beta.companieshouse.gov.uk/company/10021928|title=nanoFlowcell Holdings Ltd|website=Companies House|publisher=Registrar of Companies (England and Wales)|access-date=30 March 2017}}</ref> The company became a [[public limited company]] in 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|last=GOV.UK|date=17 Aug 2021|title=NANOFLOWCELL HOLDINGS PLC Company number 10021928|url=https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/10021928|website=Companies House}}</ref>
==Koenigsegg Quant==
[[File:Koenigsegg Quant - Flickr - David Villarreal Fernández.jpg|thumb|285px|Koenigsegg Quant concept]]

The [[Koenigsegg]] Quant was a planned four-seat, solar-electric sports car.<ref>[http://www.koenigsegg.com/pressreleases.php?view=16 Geneva Auto Salon Press Release The NLV Quant – By Koenigsegg]</ref> The vehicle was slated to use an unusual layout with two large [[gullwing doors]] providing access to both front and rear seats. Power was said to be provided by a "[[Solar cell|solar electric]]" system developed with the help of NLV Solar using a new type of lightweight battery technology called "Flow Accumulator Energy Storage" as well as a [[Photovoltaics|photovoltaic]] coating, used to capture solar energy. Range was said to be over {{convert|500|km|mi|abbr=on}} on a single charge. Koenigsegg claimed the output will be 512&nbsp;bhp and 715 Nm (527&nbsp;lb/ft) of torque which will propel the vehicle to 100&nbsp;km/h (62&nbsp;mph) in 5.2 seconds and on to a top speed of 275&nbsp;km/h (170&nbsp;mph). The vehicle would have been considerably heavier than Koenigsegg's other offerings, with a weight of 1780&nbsp;kg.<ref>[http://www.koenigsegg.com/pressreleases.php?view=16 Koenigsegg Press Release]</ref>

The vehicle was unveiled at the 2009 [[Geneva Motor Show]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.autoblog.com/2009/03/04/geneva-2009-nlv-quant-by-koenigsegg/|title=Geneva 2009: NLV Quant by Koenigsegg|first=Sam|last=Abuelsamid|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.motorauthority.com/koenigsegg-unveils-all-new-quant-at-2009-geneva-motor-show.html|title=2010 Geneva Motor Show Preview: NLV Quant Electric Supercar|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://wot.motortrend.com/6437984/concept-cars/another-four-door-supercar-koenigsegg-quant-rumored-to-debut-in-geneva/index.html|title=Another Four-Door Supercar? Koenigsegg Quant Rumored to Debut in Geneva|date=20 February 2009|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.autoblog.com/mvc/site-map/|title=Autoblog Sitemap|publisher=}}</ref> The basic design and technology of this car, with a notable exception of the solar power supply, were somewhat reincarnated in concept cars [[Quant E]] (revealed in 2014) and [[Quant F]] (2015). Beside their technical concept all three Quant showcars are being linked to the same self proclaimed inventor Nunzio La Vecchia, who obviously fell short on his promises of solar revolution of the defunct NLV Solar and now claims to be pursuing a revolution in energy storage with the NanoFlowcell company.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web|url=http://heise.de/-2552386|title=Fantastische Literatur aus Genf: der Quant-Supersportler|date=2015-03-11|author=Clemens Gleich|publisher=[[Heinz Heise|Heise Autos]]|accessdate=2015-03-17}}</ref>


==QUANT Prototypes==
==QUANT Prototypes==
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[[File:Quantino 48Volt Top Marques 2019 IMG 1028.jpg|thumb|Quantino at the 2019 Top Marques Monaco]]
[[File:Quantino 48Volt Top Marques 2019 IMG 1028.jpg|thumb|Quantino at the 2019 Top Marques Monaco]]


Under the name QUANT (derived from [[quantum mechanics]]), nanoFlowcell Holdings is developing applications for its nanoFlowcell flow cell technology, mainly electric vehicles such as the QUANT E, QUANT FE and Quantino. The Quantino is the latest electric prototype vehicle produced by nanoFlowcell engineers for their battery testing purposes. The road-legal version of the Quantino was first introduced at the [[Geneva Motor Show|Geneva International Motor Show]] in 2016, together with its more powerful sibling QUANT FE.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gtspirit.com/2016/03/02/geneva-2016-nanoflowcell-quantino|title=Geneva 2016: Nanoflowcell Quantino|website=gtspirit.com|publisher=GTspirit Limited|access-date=2 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://plugin-magazine.com/driving/quantino-and-quant-fe-as-near-production-models/|title=Quantino and Quant FE as near-production models|website=plugin-magazine.com|publisher=AM Ljubljana|access-date=2 March 2016}}</ref>
Under the name QUANT (derived from [[quantum mechanics]]), nanoFlowcell Holdings developed applications for its nanoFlowcell flow cell technology, mainly electric vehicles such as the QUANT E, QUANT FE and Quantino. The Quantino is the latest electric prototype vehicle produced by nanoFlowcell engineers for their battery testing purposes. The road-legal version of the Quantino was first introduced at the [[Geneva Motor Show|Geneva International Motor Show]] in 2016, together with its more powerful sibling QUANT FE.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gtspirit.com/2016/03/02/geneva-2016-nanoflowcell-quantino|title=Geneva 2016: Nanoflowcell Quantino|website=gtspirit.com|date=2 March 2016 |publisher=GTspirit Limited|access-date=2 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://plugin-magazine.com/driving/quantino-and-quant-fe-as-near-production-models/|title=Quantino and Quant FE as near-production models|website=plugin-magazine.com|date=2 March 2016|publisher=AM Ljubljana|access-date=2 March 2016}}</ref> The QUANT name and design itself was previously used in the [[Koenigsegg]] Quant solar electric concept car, in which La Vecchia's previous venture, NLV Solar, was involved.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.autoblog.com/2009/03/04/geneva-2009-nlv-quant-by-koenigsegg/ |title= Geneva 2009: NLV Quant by Koenigsegg| first =Sam | last = Abuelsamid |work= Autoblog|access-date=14 July 2015}}</ref><ref name=jalopnik/>


The Quantino and QUANT FE prototype vehicles have been used for technology presentations towards the automobile industry in 2016 to further demonstrate the use and advantages of flow cell technology in electric cars. Several journalists who drove Quantino and QUANT FE in public testings confirmed functionality of the nanoFlowcell's flow cell technology.<ref>{{cite web|title=Revolutionary Flowcell EV could make production|url=http://www.autocar.co.uk/car-news/new-cars/revolutionary-flowcell-ev-could-make-production|website=autocar.co.uk|publisher=Haymarket Media Group|access-date=18 October 2016}}</ref><ref name="topgear" /><ref>{{cite web|title=Emissionsfreie Reichweite zum Nachtanken|url=http://www.auto-motor-und-sport.de/fahrberichte/nanoflowcell-quantino-fe-im-fahrbericht-elektroauto-nachtanken-11566204.html|website=auto-motor-und-sport.de|publisher=auto motor und sport|access-date=7 October 2016}}</ref>
The Quantino and QUANT FE prototype vehicles have been used for technology presentations towards the automobile industry in 2016 to further demonstrate the use and advantages of flow cell technology in electric cars. Several journalists who drove Quantino and QUANT FE in public testings confirmed functionality of the nanoFlowcell's flow cell technology.<ref>{{cite web|title=Revolutionary Flowcell EV could make production|url=http://www.autocar.co.uk/car-news/new-cars/revolutionary-flowcell-ev-could-make-production|website=autocar.co.uk|publisher=Haymarket Media Group|access-date=18 October 2016}}</ref><ref name="topgear" /><ref>{{cite web|title=Emissionsfreie Reichweite zum Nachtanken|url=http://www.auto-motor-und-sport.de/fahrberichte/nanoflowcell-quantino-fe-im-fahrbericht-elektroauto-nachtanken-11566204.html|website=auto-motor-und-sport.de|date=7 October 2016|publisher=auto motor und sport|access-date=7 October 2016}}</ref>
The Quantino allegedly has been using 12 kWh per 100&nbsp;km in a mixed test.<ref>{{cite news|title=1,167-Kilometre test drive in the Quantino|language=en|url=http://emagazine.nanoflowcell.com/technology/1167-kilometre-test-drive-in-the-quantino/|access-date=31 October 2016}}</ref>
nanoFlowcell claimed that the Quantino consumed 12 kWh per 100&nbsp;km in a mixed test.<ref>{{cite news|title=1,167-Kilometre test drive in the Quantino|language=en|url=http://emagazine.nanoflowcell.com/technology/1167-kilometre-test-drive-in-the-quantino/|access-date=31 October 2016|archive-date=1 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161101042037/http://emagazine.nanoflowcell.com/technology/1167-kilometre-test-drive-in-the-quantino/|url-status=dead}}</ref>


==bi-ION Electrolyte==
==Quantino==
Similar to regular modern redox flow cells, nanoFlowcell produces electricity from liquids. nanoFlowcell insists that the electrolyte solution is not common salt water as commonly stated in several internet forums and automotive press, claiming that the electrolyte solution they named bi-ION consist of a conductive liquid - organic and inorganic salts dissolved in water - and the electrolytes themselves, nano-structured molecules which are specific molecules designed by the company. While dissolved redox salts are responsible for the energy transfer in conventional redox flow batteries, the bi-ION electrolyte is stated to be an energy storage medium whose suspended nano-particles would have allowed a considerably higher energy density than regular redox electrolyte liquids.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Els |first1=Peter |title=This 48-Volt Quant Gets 600 Miles On A Tank Of "Salt Water" |url=https://www.hotcars.com/this-48volt-quant-gets-600-miles-on-a-tank-of-salt-water/ |website=HotCars |access-date=2022-04-16 |date=2021-09-01}}</ref>
{{Infobox automobile
|name = Quantino
|image = 2015-03-03 Geneva Motor Show 5873.JPG
|manufacturer = NanoFlowcell
|production =
|class = [[Electric car]]
|layout =
|related =
}}

The '''Quantino''' is an electric [[concept car]] built by NanoFlowcell and launched in 2015 at [[Geneva Motor Show]] at the same time as its much bigger and more powerful sibling [[Quant F]].<ref>{{cite news|title=nanoFlowcell's Groundbreaking 'Quantino' Debuts in Geneva|url=http://www.carscoops.com/2015/03/nanoflowcells-groundbreaking-quantino.html|accessdate=12 March 2015|publisher=Carscoops}}</ref>

===Overview===
The Quantino is claimed to be a fully functional concept car fitted with nanoflowcell battery technology holding 350 liters of [[ionic liquid]] stored in two separate tank of 175 liters capacity each. One tank holds positive charge and other hold negative charge ionic liquid.<ref>{{cite news|title=NanoFlowcell Quantino unveiled at Geneva motor show|url=http://www.autocar.co.uk/car-news/motor-shows-geneva-motor-show/nanoflowcell-quantino-unveiled-geneva-motor-show|accessdate=12 March 2015|publisher=Auto Car}}</ref> Quantino is a four seater four wheel drive [[coupe]] measuring 3.9 meters in length powered by four 25&nbsp;kW electric motors delivering 136&nbsp;bhp .<ref>{{cite news|title=Geneva 2015: nanoFlowcell Quantino Electric Sportscar|url=http://www.gtspirit.com/2015/03/05/geneva-2015-nanoflowcell-quantino-electric-sportscar/|accessdate=12 March 2015|publisher=GT Spirit}}</ref> Quantino top speed is 200 kmph with driving range of 1000&nbsp;km.<ref>{{cite news|title=Meet the nanoFlowcell QUANTiNO , world’s first QUANT low-voltage vehicle|url=http://www.motoroids.com/news/geneva-motor-show-2015-meet-the-nanoflowcell-quantino-worlds-first-quant-low-voltage-vehicle/|accessdate=12 March 2015|publisher=Motoroids}}</ref>

===Testings===
The Quantino concept car is said to be undergoing road tests for production in 2015.<ref>{{cite news|title=nanoFLOWCELL Brings Quant F Prototype And New Quantino Concept To Geneva:|url=http://www.motorauthority.com/news/1096936_nanoflowcell-brings-quant-f-prototype-and-new-quantino-concept-to-geneva-live-photos-and-video|accessdate=12 March 2015|publisher=Motor Authority}}</ref>

{{clear}}

==Quant E==
{{Infobox automobile
|name = Quant E
|image = NanoFlowcell Quant e-Sportlimousine 01.JPG
|aka = Quant e-Sportlimousine
|manufacturer = NanoFlowcell
|production = 2014–present
|class = [[Electric car|Electric]] [[sports car]]
|body_style = 2-door [[coupe]]
|doors = [[Gullwing doors]]
|layout = [[Mid-engine design|Mid-engine]], [[all-wheel-drive]]
|length = 5.25 m
|width = 2.2 m
|height = 1.35 m
|wheelbase =
|weight = 2300&nbsp;kg
|related = [[Quant F]]
}}

The '''Quant E''', also known as '''Quant e-Sportlimousine''' is an [[electric car|electric]] [[sports car]] manufactured by NanoFlowcell.<ref>{{cite news|title=Ten Things We Learned This Week|url=http://www.topgear.com/uk/photos/ten-things-we-learned-this-week-tg-2014-07-25?imageNo=6|accessdate=10 March 2015|publisher=Top Gear}}</ref>

The Quant E production car was launched in March 2014 [[Geneva Motor Show]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Quant Limousine Concept Pioneers Flow Cell Power Unit At Geneva|url=http://www.greencarreports.com/news/1090746_quant-limousine-concept-pioneers-flow-cell-power-unit-at-geneva|accessdate=10 March 2015|publisher=Green Car Reports}}</ref> The production version of Quant E was launched in mid 2014<ref>{{cite news|title=NanoFlowCell Quant e-Sportlimousine on the Road!|url=http://www.gtspirit.com/2015/02/21/video-nanoflowcell-quant-e-sportlimousine-on-the-road/|accessdate=10 March 2015|publisher=GT Spirit}}</ref> which runs on [[salt water battery]] technology.<ref>{{cite news|title=QUANT e-Sportlimousine concept approved for public roads|url=http://www.autoexpress.co.uk/car-news/87998/quant-e-sportlimousine-concept-approved-for-public-roads|accessdate=10 March 2015|publisher=Auto Express}}</ref> Quant E is powered by four electric motors delivering 920 [[horsepower]] with a [[all electric range]] of 372 miles. Quant E performs 0-62&nbsp;mph in 2.8 seconds with a top speed of 217&nbsp;mph.<ref>{{cite news|title=Quant e-Sportlimousine Heading to Production|url=http://www.gtspirit.com/2014/12/13/quant-e-sportlimousine-heading-to-production/|accessdate=10 March 2015|publisher=GT Spirit}}</ref> The car power system using the Flow cell technology under which Liquid [[electrolyte]]s are kept in two tanks and connected through the cells.<ref>{{cite news|title=Quant e-Sportlimousine Concept Powered By nanoFLOWCELL Tech Makes Debut|url=http://www.motorauthority.com/news/1090720_quant-e-sportlimousine-concept-powered-by-nanoflowcell-tech-makes-debut-video|accessdate=10 March 2015|publisher=Motor Authority}}</ref> A membrane separates the two electrolytic solutions when electrical charge passes between the cells, it produces power to the drive-train. Flow cell technology provided high charge and performance density with lesser weight. It is environment friendly as it contains no harmful substances and energy efficient.<ref>{{cite news|title=nanoFLOWCELL-Powered Quant e-Limo Approved For German Road Trials|url=http://www.motorauthority.com/news/1093341_nanoflowcell-powered-quant-e-limo-approved-for-german-road-trials|accessdate=10 March 2015|publisher=Motor Authority}}</ref>

Quant E is a successor of the [[Koenigsegg Quant]] concept revealed in 2009 and lost in long history of technically or commercially unviable show cars.<ref name="auto1"/> It is a two-door, four-seater, [[four-wheel-drive]], 5.25 meters long, 2.2 meters wide and 1.35 meters high with a curb weight of 2300&nbsp;kg. The car is fitted with 22 inch wheels and has [[gullwing doors]]. Quant E is priced above $1.7 million.<ref>{{cite news|title=The sports car that runs on SALTWATER: Vehicle goes from 0 to 60mph in 2.8 seconds - and has just been approved for EU roads|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2739768/The-sports-car-runs-SALTWATER-Vehicle-goes-0-60mph-2-8-seconds-just-approved-EU-roads.html|accessdate=10 March 2015|publisher=Daily Mail}}</ref>

{{clear}}

==Quant F==
{{Infobox automobile
|name = Quant F
|image = 2015-03-03 Geneva Motor Show 5881.JPG
|aka =
|manufacturer = NanoFlowcell
|production =
|class = [[Electric car|Electric]] [[supercar]]
|body_style = 2-door [[coupé]]
|doors = [[Gullwing doors]]
|layout = [[Mid-engine design|Mid-engine]], [[all-wheel-drive]]
|motor = 4 electrical motors
|transmission = 2-speed [[Automatic transmission|automatic]]
|electric_range = {{convert|800|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|length =
|width =
|height =
|wheelbase =
|weight =
|related = [[Quant E]]
}}

Quant F was launched in 2015 at the [[Geneva Motor Show]].<ref name="auto"/>

The Quant F four seater car runs on four [[electric motors]] which can deliver output up to 1075&nbsp;bhp and a maximum rated voltage of 735V.<ref>{{cite news|title=Quant F Electric Sportscar|url=http://www.gtspirit.com/2015/03/05/geneva-2015-quant-f-electric-sportscar/|accessdate=5 March 2015|publisher=GT Spirit}}</ref> It is fitted with inhouse built two speed automatic gear box and have a top speed of 300&nbsp;km/h.<ref>{{cite news|title=Quant F all-electric concept set for Geneva motor show|url=http://www.autocar.co.uk/car-news/motor-shows-geneva-motor-show/quant-f-all-electric-concept-set-geneva-motor-show|accessdate=5 March 2015|publisher=Autocar}}</ref> The driving range of Quant F is 800&nbsp;km.<ref>{{cite news|title=NanoFlowcell Quant F Brought All of Its 1,090 PS to Geneva|url=http://www.carscoops.com/2015/03/nanoflowcell-quant-f-brought-all-of-its.html|accessdate=5 March 2015|publisher=Carscoops}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=The Quant F is an electric supercar powered by quixotic ambition |url=http://www.theverge.com/2015/3/5/8145099/quant-f-nanoflowcell-geneva-motor-show-2015|accessdate=5 March 2015|publisher=TheVerge}}</ref>

The Quant F is obviously not only an evolution of the [[Quant E]] but in core an update of the [[Koenigsegg Quant]] concept presented at the 2009 Geneva Motor Show of which little has been seen or heard since then. The common denominator of the two cars, beside their general design concept and energy storage principle, is ''"Nunzio La Vecchia"'', apparently self-proclaimed inventor and innovator of the solar and energy storing technologies.<ref name="auto1"/><ref>{{cite news|title=Esoterischer Schabernack|language=German|url=http://www.woz.ch/-17a3|accessdate=12 March 2015|publisher=die Wochenzeitung, Zürich}}</ref>

{{clear}}


== Controversy ==
== Controversy ==
European R&D institutes cast doubts over nanoFlowcell's technological progress with flow cells, while in the United States several R&D institutes announced their breakthrough with similar flow cell designs for electric vehicles.<ref>{{cite news|title=Instantly rechargeable' battery could change the future of electric and hybrid automobiles|language=en|work=Purdue University Research Park News|url=https://www.purdue.edu/newsroom/releases/2017/Q2/instantly-rechargeable-battery-could-change-the-future-of-electric-and-hybrid-automobiles.html|access-date=1 June 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Nanoelectrofuel Flow Battery for Electric Vehicles|url=https://arpa-e.energy.gov/technologies/projects/nanoelectrofuel-flow-battery-electric-vehicles|access-date=21 August 2013|website=Advanced Research Projects Agency - Energy}}</ref> In a report, Top Gear stated that while American universities find nanoFlowcell's technology plausible, there are European institutions that are not convinced.<ref name="topgear" />


The Quant 48Volt delivers 560&nbsp;kW at 48 V, with 140&nbsp;kW going to each motor.<ref>{{cite news|title=nanoFlowcell's newest concept takes electric mobility to a safer and more efficient level?|language=en|url=https://www.topspeed.com/cars/others/2018-quant-48volt-ar175785.html|access-date=12 March 2018}}</ref> This means the current going to each motor is equal to 2917 Amps which would heat up the cables dramatically. Porsche, by comparison, saved 66 pounds on the [[Porsche Taycan|Taycan]] by going from 400 V to 800 V and is able to keep the motors cooler by going to higher voltages with greatly reduced currents.<ref>{{Cite web|date=6 September 2018|title=Porsche Taycan's 800-Volt Architecture Enables Slimmer Wiring, Faster Charging, Less Heat|url=https://www.caranddriver.com/news/a28903284/porsche-taycan-ev-800-volt-charging-performance/|website=[[Car and Driver]]}}</ref>
There is a lack of scientific understanding or patents describing how salt water can be used to produce electric energy with the efficiency and energy density that the company claims, and no independent third party measurements confirming the claims are available.<ref>{{cite news|title=e-Sportslimousine is a scam|language=English|url=https://ericedttaylor.wordpress.com/2014/09/10/e-sportlimousine-is-a-scam/|accessdate=19 October 2016}}</ref> The claimed performance contradicts research that has been done on flow batteries.<ref>{{cite news|title=The Supercar That Runs Using 'Saltwater' Is Likely Bullshit|language=English|url=http://jalopnik.com/the-supercar-that-runs-using-saltwater-is-likely-bullsh-1637600538|accessdate=19 October 2016}}</ref> It has been said that "there is no solid proof just yet that the QUANT e actually works and performs as advertised".<ref>{{cite news|title=Flow Cell Batteries: A Substitute For Lithium-Ion?|language=English|url=http://www.kitco.com/ind/Albrecht/2014-03-06-Flow-Cell-Batteries-A-Substitute-For-Lithium-Ion.html|accessdate=19 October 2016}}</ref>


According to a [[Jalopnik]] article, Dr. Stephen Granade points out that, at the time of writing, the energy density of the flow batteries would be 5 times that of Tesla's batteries with technology where the energy density is typically far lower.<ref name=jalopnik>{{Cite web|date=22 September 2014|title=The Supercar That Runs Using 'Saltwater' Is Likely Bullshit|url=https://jalopnik.com/the-supercar-that-runs-using-saltwater-is-likely-bullsh-1637600538|website=[[Jalopnik]]}}</ref>
The Quantino allegedly has been using 12 kWh pr 100 km in a mixed test. <ref>{{cite news|title=1,167-Kilometre test drive in the Quantino|language=English|url=http://emagazine.nanoflowcell.com/technology/1167-kilometre-test-drive-in-the-quantino/|accessdate=31 October 2016}}</ref> This is much less than every other mainstream [[electric car]], including smaller and lighter cars. NanoFlowcell does not comment on this.


In another controversy, the founder has previously been accused with defrauding an older lady by having her invest in non-existing solar panel technology, although he was acquitted.<ref>{{Cite web|date=30 September 2018|title=The wrong physicist and his solar wonder car|url=https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=auto&tl=en&u=https://www.blick.ch/schweiz/zentralschweiz/nunzio-l-47-erschlich-sich-44-mio-von-goldkuesten-grosi-der-falsche-physiker-und-sein-solar-wunderauto-id2477217.html|website=[[Blick.ch]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=3 January 2016|title=The dream manufacturer|url=https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=&sl=auto&tl=en&u=https%3A%2F%2Frp.liu233w.com%3A443%2Fhttps%2Fwww.beobachter.ch%2Fkonsum%2Fkauf-leasing%2Fautosalon-der-traumfabrikant|website=[[Beobachter (magazine)|Beobachter]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2 August 2008|title=The miraculous solar researcher from Zurich|url=https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=de&tl=en&u=http://web.archive.org/web/20090806170307/http://www.tagesanzeiger.ch/wirtschaft/unternehmen-und-konjunktur/Der-wundersame-Solarforscher-aus-Zuerich/story/11885066|website=[[Tages-Anzeiger]]}}</ref>
The person claiming to have invented the fuel cell, Nunzio La Veccia, has been accused of fraud in connection with a revolutionary photovoltaic cell that was supposed to have an extremely much higher efficiency that competing cells. In a court case he explained that the prototypes had been destroyed from "security reasons" in 1999 or 2000. As of 2015, no competitor comes close to the claimed efficiency. Similar accusations were made in connection with a car that was supposed to run on photovoltaic cells with an efficiency that could not be explained by science. The car was never sold to customers.

Nunzio La Veccia, who is also a musician and song writer, does not have any formal education in engineering or similar, and has bought a PhD title.<ref>{{cite news|title=Der falsche Physiker und sein Solar-Wunderauto|language=German|url=http://www.blick.ch/news/schweiz/zentralschweiz/nunzio-l-47-erschlich-sich-44-mio-von-goldkuesten-grosi-der-falsche-physiker-und-sein-solar-wunderauto-id2477217.html|accessdate=19 October 2016}}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
Line 151: Line 71:
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


== External links ==
[[Category:Electric cars]]

[[Category:Companies of Liechtenstein]]
{{Automotive industry in Switzerland}}
[[Category:Car manufacturers]]

[[Category:Electric vehicle industry]]
[[Category:Technology companies of Liechtenstein]]
[[Category:Automotive companies of Switzerland]]
[[Category:Car manufacturers of Switzerland]]

Latest revision as of 01:41, 8 December 2024

nanoFlowcell Holdings plc
Company typePrivate
Industry
Founded1996[1]
FounderNunzio La Vecchia
Headquarters
Kilchberg
,
Switzerland
Key people
  • Nunzio La Vecchia (CEO)
  • Hektor Bertschi (COO)
Products
ServicesResearch and development
ParentnanoFlowcell Holdings plc
SubsidiariesnanoFlowcell Management AG
Websitenanoflowcell.com

nanoFlowcell Holdings plc is a Swiss flow cell battery research and development company.

nanoFlowcell claims to have developed the first flow battery small enough to be used in electric cars. Its battery, also branded nanoFlowcell, was first presented in the Quant E,[2] Quant F[3] and Quantino prototype vehicles.[4] Similar to regular redox flow batteries, the nanoFlowcell battery uses electrolyte fluids to generate electricity from chemical compounds. nanoFlowcell uses, unlike the electrolytes in vanadium flow batteries or polysulfide bromide flow batteries, proprietary molecules as charge carriers; the electrolyte used in the nanoFlowcell is non-toxic and environmentally compatible.[5] The electrolyte used in the nanoFlowcell battery has an energy density of 600 Wh per litre, which is ten times the energy density of regular redox flow cells.[6] nanoFlowcell states that mass production cost for its "non-flammable and non-explosive" electrolyte is below 10 cents per litre.[7]

The feasibility of nanoFlowcell's flow cell technologies has been questioned.[8][9][10][11][12]

nanoFlowcell has registered offices in Kilchberg, Switzerland [13] and London, United Kingdom.[14] The company became a public limited company in 2021.[15]

QUANT Prototypes

[edit]
QUANT FE premiere at the 2016 Geneva International Motor Show
Quantino at the 2019 Top Marques Monaco

Under the name QUANT (derived from quantum mechanics), nanoFlowcell Holdings developed applications for its nanoFlowcell flow cell technology, mainly electric vehicles such as the QUANT E, QUANT FE and Quantino. The Quantino is the latest electric prototype vehicle produced by nanoFlowcell engineers for their battery testing purposes. The road-legal version of the Quantino was first introduced at the Geneva International Motor Show in 2016, together with its more powerful sibling QUANT FE.[16][17] The QUANT name and design itself was previously used in the Koenigsegg Quant solar electric concept car, in which La Vecchia's previous venture, NLV Solar, was involved.[18][12]

The Quantino and QUANT FE prototype vehicles have been used for technology presentations towards the automobile industry in 2016 to further demonstrate the use and advantages of flow cell technology in electric cars. Several journalists who drove Quantino and QUANT FE in public testings confirmed functionality of the nanoFlowcell's flow cell technology.[19][11][20] nanoFlowcell claimed that the Quantino consumed 12 kWh per 100 km in a mixed test.[21]

bi-ION Electrolyte

[edit]

Similar to regular modern redox flow cells, nanoFlowcell produces electricity from liquids. nanoFlowcell insists that the electrolyte solution is not common salt water as commonly stated in several internet forums and automotive press, claiming that the electrolyte solution they named bi-ION consist of a conductive liquid - organic and inorganic salts dissolved in water - and the electrolytes themselves, nano-structured molecules which are specific molecules designed by the company. While dissolved redox salts are responsible for the energy transfer in conventional redox flow batteries, the bi-ION electrolyte is stated to be an energy storage medium whose suspended nano-particles would have allowed a considerably higher energy density than regular redox electrolyte liquids.[22]

Controversy

[edit]

European R&D institutes cast doubts over nanoFlowcell's technological progress with flow cells, while in the United States several R&D institutes announced their breakthrough with similar flow cell designs for electric vehicles.[23][24] In a report, Top Gear stated that while American universities find nanoFlowcell's technology plausible, there are European institutions that are not convinced.[11]

The Quant 48Volt delivers 560 kW at 48 V, with 140 kW going to each motor.[25] This means the current going to each motor is equal to 2917 Amps which would heat up the cables dramatically. Porsche, by comparison, saved 66 pounds on the Taycan by going from 400 V to 800 V and is able to keep the motors cooler by going to higher voltages with greatly reduced currents.[26]

According to a Jalopnik article, Dr. Stephen Granade points out that, at the time of writing, the energy density of the flow batteries would be 5 times that of Tesla's batteries with technology where the energy density is typically far lower.[12]

In another controversy, the founder has previously been accused with defrauding an older lady by having her invest in non-existing solar panel technology, although he was acquitted.[27][28][29]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to NanoFLOWCELL Quant e-Sportlimousine.
  1. ^ Sincan, Alexandru (2021-03-07). "Mindblowing Approach to Electromobility: Is nanoFlowcell Overtaking the Future?". autoevolution. Retrieved 2022-04-16.
  2. ^ "World Premiere of the new QUANT e-Sportlimousine". www.youtube.com. 5 March 2014.
  3. ^ "This is a 1075bhp, 186mph electric car". Top Gear. Retrieved 5 March 2015.
  4. ^ "nanoFlowcell Quantino Electric Sportscar". Gt spirit. Retrieved 5 March 2015.
  5. ^ "» nanoFlowcellPremier Autos Magazine". premierautosmagazine.com. Retrieved 2020-12-13.
  6. ^ "BI-ION - ENERGY CARRIER FOR THE ELECTRICITY OF TOMORROW". nanoflowcell.com. nanoFlowcell Holdings Ltd. Retrieved 30 March 2017.
  7. ^ "NanoFlowcell Want To Revolutionize The EV Market With The Quant 48Volt". carbuzz.com. CarBuzz Inc. 5 February 2017. Retrieved 6 March 2017.
  8. ^ Clemens Gleich (2015-03-11). "Fantastische Literatur aus Genf: der Quant-Supersportler". Heise Autos. Retrieved 2015-03-17.
  9. ^ "Nanoflowcell Quantino: Elektrolyt-Stromer für Jedermann?". ecomento.de (in German). 2015-02-19. Retrieved 2019-03-25.
  10. ^ "4 Euro für 100 Kilometer: Revolutioniert der Flüssig-Akku das Elektroauto?". FOCUS Online (in German). Retrieved 2019-03-25.
  11. ^ a b c "Review: the nanoFlowcell-powered Quantino prototype". Top Gear. 2016-10-07. Retrieved 2019-03-25.
  12. ^ a b c "The Supercar That Runs Using 'Saltwater' Is Likely Bullshit". Jalopnik. 22 September 2014.
  13. ^ "nanoFlowcell IP AG". moneyhouse.ch. Moneyhouse AG. Retrieved 30 March 2017.
  14. ^ "nanoFlowcell Holdings Ltd". Companies House. Registrar of Companies (England and Wales). Retrieved 30 March 2017.
  15. ^ GOV.UK (17 Aug 2021). "NANOFLOWCELL HOLDINGS PLC Company number 10021928". Companies House.
  16. ^ "Geneva 2016: Nanoflowcell Quantino". gtspirit.com. GTspirit Limited. 2 March 2016. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
  17. ^ "Quantino and Quant FE as near-production models". plugin-magazine.com. AM Ljubljana. 2 March 2016. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
  18. ^ Abuelsamid, Sam. "Geneva 2009: NLV Quant by Koenigsegg". Autoblog. Retrieved 14 July 2015.
  19. ^ "Revolutionary Flowcell EV could make production". autocar.co.uk. Haymarket Media Group. Retrieved 18 October 2016.
  20. ^ "Emissionsfreie Reichweite zum Nachtanken". auto-motor-und-sport.de. auto motor und sport. 7 October 2016. Retrieved 7 October 2016.
  21. ^ "1,167-Kilometre test drive in the Quantino". Archived from the original on 1 November 2016. Retrieved 31 October 2016.
  22. ^ Els, Peter (2021-09-01). "This 48-Volt Quant Gets 600 Miles On A Tank Of "Salt Water"". HotCars. Retrieved 2022-04-16.
  23. ^ "Instantly rechargeable' battery could change the future of electric and hybrid automobiles". Purdue University Research Park News. Retrieved 1 June 2017.
  24. ^ "Nanoelectrofuel Flow Battery for Electric Vehicles". Advanced Research Projects Agency - Energy. Retrieved 21 August 2013.
  25. ^ "nanoFlowcell's newest concept takes electric mobility to a safer and more efficient level?". Retrieved 12 March 2018.
  26. ^ "Porsche Taycan's 800-Volt Architecture Enables Slimmer Wiring, Faster Charging, Less Heat". Car and Driver. 6 September 2018.
  27. ^ "The wrong physicist and his solar wonder car". Blick.ch. 30 September 2018.
  28. ^ "The dream manufacturer". Beobachter. 3 January 2016.
  29. ^ "The miraculous solar researcher from Zurich". Tages-Anzeiger. 2 August 2008.
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