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[[File:Sanmai kongi paratype STMN48-1801.jpg| thumb|''Sanmai kongi'' from the upper Middle–lower Upper Jurassic Daohugou beds, China]]
[[File:Sanmai kongi paratype STMN48-1801.jpg| thumb|''Sanmai kongi'' from the upper Middle–lower Upper Jurassic Daohugou beds, China]]


The '''Tettigarctidae''', known as the '''hairy cicadas''', are a small [[relict (biology)|relict]] (mostly extinct) family of primitive [[cicada]]s. Along with more than 20 extinct genera, Tettigarctidae contains a single extant genus, ''[[Tettigarcta]]'', with two extant species, one from southern Australia (''[[Tettigarcta crinita|T. crinita]]'') and one from the island of [[Tasmania]] (''[[Tettigarcta tomentosa|T. tomentosa]]''). Fossil taxa include ''[[Paratettigarcta]]'' from the [[Miocene]] of New Zealand,<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Kaulfuss|first1=Uwe|last2=Moulds|first2=Max|title=A new genus and species of tettigarctid cicada from the early Miocene of New Zealand: ''Paratettigarcta zealandica'' (Hemiptera, Auchenorrhyncha, Tettigarctidae)|journal=ZooKeys|date=2015|issue=484|pages=83–94|doi=10.3897/zookeys.484.8883|pmid=25829843|pmc=4361785}}</ref> ''[[Meuniera]]'' from the [[Paleocene]] of France,<ref>Piton, L., 1936a. Les Hémiptères-Homoptères de l'Écène de Menat. (P.-de-D.). Miscellaneous Entomologica. Revue entomologique internationale. Narbonne. 37: 93-94.</ref> and ''[[Sanmai (genus)|Sanmai]]'' from the [[Late Jurassic]] of China,<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Chen|first1=Jun|last2=Zhang|first2=Haichun|last3=Wang|first3=Bo|last4=Zheng|first4=Yan|last5=Wang|first5=Xiaoli|last6=Zheng|first6=Xiaoting|title=New Jurassic tettigarctid cicadas from China with a novel example of disruptive coloration|journal=Acta Palaeontologica Polonica|date=2016|volume=61|issue=4|pages=853–862|doi=10.4202/app.00238.2015|doi-access=free}}</ref> and ''Maculaferrum'' of early [[Late Cretaceous]] Canada.<ref>Demers-Potvin, Alexandre & Szwedo, Jacek & Paragnani, Cassia & Larsson, Hans. (2020). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339402433_First_North_American_occurrence_of_hairy_cicadas_discovered_in_a_Late_Cretaceous_Cenomanian_exposure_from_Labrador_Canada First North American occurrence of hairy cicadas discovered in a Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) exposure from Labrador, Canada]. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 65. 85-98. 10.4202/app.00669.2019.</ref>''Tettigarcta'' are the closest living relatives of the true [[cicadas]].<ref name=ref2/><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Cryan |first1=JR |last2=Urban |first2=JM |year=2011 |title=Higher-level phylogeny of the insect order Hemiptera: is Auchenorrhyncha really paraphyletic? |journal=Systematic Entomology |volume=37 |issue=1 |pages=7–21 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-3113.2011.00611.x }}</ref>
The '''Tettigarctidae''', known as the '''hairy cicadas''', are a small [[relict (biology)|relict]] (mostly extinct) family of primitive [[cicada]]s. Along with more than 20 extinct genera, Tettigarctidae contains a single extant genus, ''[[Tettigarcta]]'', with two extant species, one from southern Australia (''[[Tettigarcta crinita|T. crinita]]'') and one from the island of [[Tasmania]] (''[[Tettigarcta tomentosa|T. tomentosa]]''). Numerous fossil species have been described from the Late Triassic onwards. ''Tettigarcta'' are the closest living relatives of the true [[cicadas]].<ref name=ref2/><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Cryan |first1=JR |last2=Urban |first2=JM |year=2011 |title=Higher-level phylogeny of the insect order Hemiptera: is Auchenorrhyncha really paraphyletic? |journal=Systematic Entomology |volume=37 |issue=1 |pages=7–21 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-3113.2011.00611.x }}</ref>


==Genera==
==Genera==
Only one genus in the family Tettigarctidae is not extinct, ''[[Tettigarcta]]''.<ref name=moulds/><ref name=fossilworks/>
Only one genus in the family Tettigarctidae is not extinct, ''[[Tettigarcta]]''.<ref name=moulds/><ref name=fossilworks/>

Many fossil genera have been historically attributed to this family. However, it has been argued that Tettigarctidae including all of these fossil species is a [[Paraphyly|paraphyletic]] group that also includes some cicadas that are more closely related to [[Cicadidae]] than to ''Tettigarcta''.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Jiang |first1=Hui |last2=Szwedo |first2=Jacek |last3=Labandeira |first3=Conrad C. |last4=Chen |first4=Jun |last5=Moulds |first5=Maxwell S. |last6=Mähler |first6=Bastian |last7=Muscente |first7=A. Drew |last8=Zhuo |first8=De |last9=Nyunt |first9=Thet Tin |last10=Zhang |first10=Haichun |last11=Wei |first11=Cong |last12=Rust |first12=Jes |last13=Wang |first13=Bo |date=2024-01-08 |title=Mesozoic evolution of cicadas and their origins of vocalization and root feeding |journal=Nature Communications |language=en |volume=15 |issue=1 |page=376 |doi=10.1038/s41467-023-44446-x |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=10774268 |pmid=38191461|bibcode=2024NatCo..15..376J }}</ref>


Dates given in million years ago (Ma).
Dates given in million years ago (Ma).
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'''Family Tettigarctidae'''
'''Family Tettigarctidae'''


* † ''[[Hpanraais]]'' <small>Jiang et al. 2019</small> - [[Burmese amber]], Myanmar, 99 Ma
* † ''[[Hpanraais]]'' <small>Jiang et al. 2019</small> - [[Burmese amber]], Myanmar, mid Cretaceous (latest [[Albian]]-earliest [[Cenomanian]]) ~99 Ma (considered by some to be a synoynmy of ''Cretotettigarcta<ref name=":0" />'').
* † ''[[Mesodiphthera]]'' <small>Tillyard, 1919</small> [[Blackstone Formation, Australia|Blackstone Formation]] Australia, 227–208.5 Ma
* † ''[[Mesodiphthera]]'' <small>Tillyard, 1919</small> [[Blackstone Formation, Australia|Blackstone Formation]] Australia, Late Triassic ([[Norian]]) 227–208.5 Ma
* † ''[[Tardilly]]'' <small>Lambkin, 2019</small> [[Blackstone Formation, Australia|Blackstone Formation]] Australia, 227–208.5 Ma
* † ''[[Tardilly]]'' <small>Lambkin, 2019</small> [[Blackstone Formation, Australia|Blackstone Formation]] Australia, 227–208.5 Ma
'''Subfamily Cicadoprosbolinae Evans, 1956'''
'''Subfamily Cicadoprosbolinae Evans, 1956'''


* † ''[[Maculaprosbole]]'' <small>Zheng et al. 2016</small> - [[Daohugou Beds]], China, 164.7 to 155.7 Ma
* † ''[[Maculaprosbole]]'' <small>Zheng et al. 2016</small> - [[Daohugou Beds]], China, Middle Jurassic 164.7 to 155.7 Ma


* '''Tribe Turutanoviini Scherbakov, 2008'''
* '''Tribe Turutanoviini Scherbakov, 2008'''
**† ''[[Hirtaprosbole]]'' <small>Liu et al. 2016</small> - [[Daohugou Beds]], China, 164.7 to 155.7 Ma
**† ''[[Hirtaprosbole]]'' <small>Liu et al. 2016</small> - [[Daohugou Beds]], China, 164.7 to 155.7 Ma
**† ''[[Sanmai (genus)|Sanmai]]'' <small>Chen, Zhang & Wang B 2016</small> - [[Daohugou Beds]], China, 164.7 to 155.7 Ma
**† ''[[Sanmai (genus)|Sanmai]]'' <small>Chen, Zhang & Wang B 2016</small> - [[Daohugou Beds]], China, 164.7 to 155.7 Ma (argued to be more closely related to Cicadidae<ref name=":0" />)
**† ''[[Shuraboprosbole]]'' <small>Becker-Migdisova 1949</small> (syn- ''[[Paraprosbole]]'' <small>Whalley 1985</small> according to Chen et al 2016) [[Daohugou Beds]]. China, [[Sagul Formation]] Kyrgyzstan, [[Charmouth Mudstone Formation]], United Kingdom, 189.6 to 155.7 Ma
**† ''[[Shuraboprosbole]]'' <small>Becker-Migdisova 1949</small> (syn- ''[[Paraprosbole]]'' <small>Whalley 1985</small> according to Chen et al 2016) [[Sagul Formation]] Kyrgyzstan, [[Charmouth Mudstone Formation]], United Kingdom, Early Jurassic, [[Daohugou Beds]], China, Middle Jurassic 189.6 to 163.5 Ma (argued to be more closely related to Cicadidae<ref name=":0" />)
**† ''[[Tianyuprosbole]]'' <small>Chen, Wang, Zhang & Wang, 2014</small> - [[Daohugou Beds]], China, 164.7 to 155.7 Ma
**† ''[[Tianyuprosbole]]'' <small>Chen, Wang, Zhang & Wang, 2014</small> - [[Daohugou Beds]], China, Middle Jurassic 164.7 to 163.5 Ma
**† ''[[Turutanovia]]'' <small>Becker-Migdisova 1949</small> - [[Karabastau Formation]], Kazakhstan, Mongolia, 164.7 to 112.6 Ma
**† ''[[Turutanovia]]'' <small>Becker-Migdisova 1949</small> - [[Karabastau Formation]], Kazakhstan, Late Jurassic [[Gurvan-Eren Formation]] Mongolia, Early Cretaceous 164.7 to 112.6 Ma
*'''Tribe Cicadoprosbolini Evans, 1956'''
*'''Tribe Cicadoprosbolini Evans, 1956'''
**† ''[[Diphtheropsis]]'' <small>Martynov 1937</small> - [[Dzhil Formation]], [[Sulyukta Formation]] Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, 189.6 to 183.0 Ma
**† ''[[Burmaprosbole]]'' <small>Qiao et al, 2021</small> Burmese amber, Myanmar, 99 Ma
**† ''[[Cicadoprosbole]]'' <small>Becker-Migdisova 1947</small> - [[Dzhil Formation]], Kyrgyzstan, 201.6 to 189.6 Ma
**† ''[[Diphtheropsis]]'' <small>Martynov 1937</small> - [[Dzhil Formation]], [[Sulyukta Formation]] Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Early Jurassic 189.6 to 183.0 Ma
**† ''[[Macrotettigarcta]]'' <small>Chen and Wang 2016</small> - [[Daohugou Beds]], China, 164.7 to 155.7 Ma
**† ''[[Cicadoprosbole]]'' <small>Becker-Migdisova 1947</small> - [[Dzhil Formation]], Kyrgyzstan, Early Jurassic 201.6 to 189.6 Ma
**† ''[[Elkinda]]'' <small>Shcherbakov 1988</small> - [[Turga Formation]], Russia, 125.45 to 122.46 Ma
**† ''[[Macrotettigarcta]]'' <small>Chen and Wang 2016</small> - [[Daohugou Beds]], China, Middle Jurassic 164.7 to 163.5 Ma (argued to be more closely related to Cicadidae<ref name=":0" />)
**† ''[[Shaanxiarcta]]'' <small>Shcherbakov 2008</small> - [[Fengjiashan Formation]], China, 136.4 to 125.45 Ma
**† ''[[Elkinda]]'' <small>Shcherbakov 1988</small> - [[Turga Formation]], Russia, Early Cretaceous 125.45 to 122.46 Ma
**† ''[[Hylaeoneura]]'' <small>Lameere and Severin 1897</small> - [[Sainte-Barbe Clays Formation]], Belgium, 130.0 to 122.46 Ma
**† ''[[Shaanxiarcta]]'' <small>Shcherbakov 2008</small> - [[Fengjiashan Formation]], China, Early Cretaceous 136.4 to 125.45 Ma
**† ''[[Vetuprosbole]]'' <small>Fu, Cai and Huang, 2019</small> Burmese amber, Myanmar, 99 Ma
**† ''[[Hylaeoneura]]'' <small>Lameere and Severin 1897</small> - [[Sainte-Barbe Clays Formation]], Belgium, Early Cretaceous, 130.0 to 122.46 Ma
**† ''[[Vetuprosbole]]'' <small>Fu, Cai and Huang, 2019</small> Burmese amber, Myanmar, 99 Ma (argued to be more closely related to Cicadidae<ref name=":0" />)
**†"''Liassocicada''" ''ignota'' <small>Brodie 1845</small>, [[Lilstock Formation]], United Kingdom 205.6 - 201.6 Ma
**†"''Liassocicada''" ''ignota'' <small>Brodie 1845</small>, [[Lilstock Formation]], United Kingdom, Late Triassic ([[Rhaetian]]) 205.6 - 201.6 Ma
*'''Tribe Architettigini Scherbakov, 2008'''
*'''Tribe Architettigini Scherbakov, 2008'''
**† ''[[Architettix]]'' <small>Hamilton 1990</small> - [[Crato Formation]], Brazil, 122.46 to 112.6 Ma (million years ago)
**† ''[[Architettix]]'' <small>Hamilton 1990</small> - [[Crato Formation]], Brazil, Early Cretaceous (late [[Aptian]]) ~113 Ma


'''Subfamily Tettigarctinae Distant, 1905'''
'''Subfamily Tettigarctinae Distant, 1905'''


* †''[[Cretotettigarcta]]'' <small>Fu, Cai and Huang, 2019</small> Burmese amber, Myanmar, 99 Ma
* †''[[Cretotettigarcta]]'' <small>Fu, Cai and Huang, 2019</small> Burmese amber, Myanmar, 99 Ma (argued to be more closely related to Cicadidae<ref name=":0" />)


* '''Tribe Protabanini Hong, 1982'''
* '''Tribe Protabanini Hong, 1982'''
**† ''[[Eotettigarcta]]'' <small>Zeuner 1944</small> - Ardtun Head, [[Isle of Mull]], United Kingdom, 58.7 to 55.8 Ma
**† ''[[Eotettigarcta]]'' <small>Zeuner 1944</small> - Ardtun Head, [[Isle of Mull]], United Kingdom, [[Paleocene]] 58.7 to 55.8 Ma
**† ''[[Liassocicada]]'' <small>Bode 1953</small> - [[Posidonia Shale]] Germany 183.0 - 182.0 Ma
**† ''[[Liassocicada]]'' <small>Bode 1953</small> - [[Posidonia Shale]] Germany, Early Jurassic 183.0 - 182.0 Ma
**† ''[[Magrebarcta]]'' <small>Shcherbakov 2008</small> - [[Douiret Formation]], Tunisia, 125.45 to 112.6 Ma
**† ''[[Magrebarcta]]'' <small>Shcherbakov 2008</small> - [[Douiret Formation]], Tunisia, Early Cretaceous 125.45 to 112.6 Ma
**† ''[[Protabanus]]'' <small>Hong 1982</small> - [[Jiulongshan Formation]]''',''' China, 164.7 to 155.7 Ma
**† ''[[Protabanus]]'' <small>Hong 1982</small> - [[Jiulongshan Formation]]''',''' China, Middle Jurassic 164.7 to 163.5 Ma
**† ''[[Sunotettigarcta]]'' <small>Hong 1983</small> - [[Daohugou Beds]], Jiulongshan Formation, China, [[Karabastau Formation]] Kazakhstan, 164.7 to 155.7 Ma
**† ''[[Sunotettigarcta]]'' <small>Hong 1983</small> - [[Daohugou Beds]], Jiulongshan Formation, China, Middle Jurassic [[Karabastau Formation]] Kazakhstan, Late Jurassic 164.7 to 155.7 Ma
**† ''[[Tettagalma]]'' <small>Menon 2005</small> - [[Crato Formation]], Brazil, 122.46 to 112.6 Ma
**† ''[[Tettagalma]]'' <small>Menon 2005</small> - [[Crato Formation]], Brazil, 122.46 to 112.6 Ma
**† ''[[Maculaferrum]]'' <small>Demers-Potvin et al 2020</small> - [[Redmond Formation]], Canada, 99.7 to 94.3 Ma
**† ''[[Maculaferrum]]'' <small>Demers-Potvin et al 2020</small> - [[Redmond Formation]], Canada, Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) 99.7 to 94.3 Ma


* '''Tribe Meunierini Boulard et Nel, 1990'''
* '''Tribe Meunierini Boulard et Nel, 1990'''
** † ''[[Kisylia]]'' <small>Martynov 1937</small> - Kyzyl-Kiya, Kyrgyzstan, 189.6 to 183.0 Ma
** † ''[[Kisylia]]'' <small>Martynov 1937</small> - Kyzyl-Kiya, Kyrgyzstan, Early Jurassic 189.6 to 183.0 Ma
** † ''[[Meuniera]]'' <small>Piton 1936</small> - [[Menat Formation]], France, 58.7 to 55.8 Ma
** † ''[[Meuniera]]'' <small>Piton 1936</small> - [[Menat Formation]], France, Paleocene 58.7 to 55.8 Ma
* '''Tribe Tettigarctini Distant, 1905'''
* '''Tribe Tettigarctini Distant, 1905'''
** † ''[[Paratettigarcta]]'' <small>Kaulfuss & Moulds 2015</small> - Hindon Maar, New Zealand, 23.03 to 15.97 Ma
** † ''[[Paratettigarcta]]'' <small>Kaulfuss & Moulds 2015</small> - Hindon Maar, New Zealand, [[Miocene]] 23.03 to 15.97 Ma
** ''[[Tettigarcta]]'' <small>White, 1845</small> - Australia, extant
** ''[[Tettigarcta]]'' <small>White, 1845</small> - Australia, extant


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<ref name=fossilworks>
<ref name=fossilworks>
{{Cite web| url = http://fossilworks.org/?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=178702
{{Cite web| url = https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=178702
| title = Family Tettigarctidae Distant 1905 (hairy cicada)
| title = Family Tettigarctidae Distant 1905 (hairy cicada)
| website = Fossilworks, Taxonomic occurrences of Suidae recorded in the Paleobiology Database
| website = Fossilworks, Taxonomic occurrences of Suidae recorded in the Paleobiology Database

Latest revision as of 09:07, 18 November 2024

Tettigarctidae
Temporal range: Norian–Recent
Tettigarcta crinita specimen in the Australian Museum
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hemiptera
Suborder: Auchenorrhyncha
Superfamily: Cicadoidea
Family: Tettigarctidae
Distant, 1905
Paratettigarcta zealandica, fore and hindwing
Sanmai kongi from the upper Middle–lower Upper Jurassic Daohugou beds, China

The Tettigarctidae, known as the hairy cicadas, are a small relict (mostly extinct) family of primitive cicadas. Along with more than 20 extinct genera, Tettigarctidae contains a single extant genus, Tettigarcta, with two extant species, one from southern Australia (T. crinita) and one from the island of Tasmania (T. tomentosa). Numerous fossil species have been described from the Late Triassic onwards. Tettigarcta are the closest living relatives of the true cicadas.[1][2]

Genera

[edit]

Only one genus in the family Tettigarctidae is not extinct, Tettigarcta.[3][4]

Many fossil genera have been historically attributed to this family. However, it has been argued that Tettigarctidae including all of these fossil species is a paraphyletic group that also includes some cicadas that are more closely related to Cicadidae than to Tettigarcta.[5]

Dates given in million years ago (Ma).

Family Tettigarctidae

Subfamily Cicadoprosbolinae Evans, 1956

Subfamily Tettigarctinae Distant, 1905

  • †Cretotettigarcta Fu, Cai and Huang, 2019 Burmese amber, Myanmar, 99 Ma (argued to be more closely related to Cicadidae[5])
  • Tribe Meunierini Boulard et Nel, 1990
    • † Kisylia Martynov 1937 - Kyzyl-Kiya, Kyrgyzstan, Early Jurassic 189.6 to 183.0 Ma
    • † Meuniera Piton 1936 - Menat Formation, France, Paleocene 58.7 to 55.8 Ma
  • Tribe Tettigarctini Distant, 1905

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Marshall, David C.; Moulds, Max; Hill, Kathy B. R.; Price, Benjamin W.; et al. (2018). "A molecular phylogeny of the cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) with a review of tribe and subfamily classification". Zootaxa. 4424 (1): 1–64. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4424.1.1. PMID 30313477.
  2. ^ Cryan, JR; Urban, JM (2011). "Higher-level phylogeny of the insect order Hemiptera: is Auchenorrhyncha really paraphyletic?". Systematic Entomology. 37 (1): 7–21. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3113.2011.00611.x.
  3. ^ Moulds, M.S. (2018). "Cicada fossils (Cicadoidea: Tettigarctidae and Cicadidae) with a review of the named fossilised Cicadidae". Zootaxa. 4438 (3): 443–470. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4438.3.2. PMID 30313130.
  4. ^ Behrensmeyer; Turner, A. "Family Tettigarctidae Distant 1905 (hairy cicada)". Fossilworks, Taxonomic occurrences of Suidae recorded in the Paleobiology Database.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g Jiang, Hui; Szwedo, Jacek; Labandeira, Conrad C.; Chen, Jun; Moulds, Maxwell S.; Mähler, Bastian; Muscente, A. Drew; Zhuo, De; Nyunt, Thet Tin; Zhang, Haichun; Wei, Cong; Rust, Jes; Wang, Bo (2024-01-08). "Mesozoic evolution of cicadas and their origins of vocalization and root feeding". Nature Communications. 15 (1): 376. Bibcode:2024NatCo..15..376J. doi:10.1038/s41467-023-44446-x. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 10774268. PMID 38191461.
[edit]


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