Cowgill's law (Greek): Difference between revisions
Content deleted Content added
split from Cowgill's law (now Cowgill's law of Germanic) |
Italics, remove OR, lang template fixes |
||
| (8 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Short description|Proto-Greek sound law}} |
|||
{{ |
{{one source|date=July 2024}} |
||
{{Contains special characters|PIE}} |
{{Contains special characters|PIE}} |
||
'''Cowgill's law''' |
'''Cowgill's law''' says that a former {{IPA|/o/}} vowel becomes {{IPA|/u/}} between a [[sonorant|resonant]] ({{IPA|/r/}}, {{IPA|/l/}}, {{IPA|/m/}}, {{IPA|/n/}}) and a [[labial consonant]] (including [[Labialized velar consonant|labiovelar]]s), in either order. It is named after Indo-Europeanist [[Warren Cowgill]]. |
||
Examples: |
Examples: |
||
* {{langx|el|νύξ}} |
* {{langx|el|νύξ}} 'night' < [[Proto-Indo-European language|PIE]] ''{{PIE|*nokʷts}}'' (cf. {{langx|la|nox}}, [[Vedic Sanskrit|Vedic]] {{transliteration|sa|IAST|nák}} < {{lang|iir-x-proto|*nakts}}, {{langx|got|nahts}}, gen. sg. {{langx|hit|nekuz}}) |
||
* {{langx|el|φύλλον}} |
* {{langx|el|φύλλον}} 'leaf' < [[Proto-Indo-European language|PIE]] ''{{PIE|*bʰolyom}}'' (cf. {{langx|la|folium}}) |
||
* {{langx|el|μύλη}} |
* {{langx|el|μύλη}} 'mill' < [[Proto-Indo-European language|PIE]] ''{{PIE|*mol-eh₂-}}'' (cf. {{langx|la|molīna}}) |
||
* {{langx|el|ὄνυξ}} |
* {{langx|el|ὄνυξ}} 'nail' (stem {{langx|grk-x-proto|ónukh-}}) < early [[Proto-Greek|PG]] ''{{PIE|*onokʷʰ-}}'' < [[Proto-Indo-European language|PIE]] ''{{PIE|h₃nogʷʰ-}}'' (cf. {{langx|ang|nægl}} < [[Proto-Germanic|PGerm]] ''{{PIE|*nag-laz}}'') |
||
Note that when a labiovelar adjoins an {{IPA|/o/}} affected by Cowgill's law, the new {{IPA|/u/}} will [[boukólos rule|cause the labiovelar to lose its labial component]] (as in |
Note that when a labiovelar adjoins an {{IPA|/o/}} affected by Cowgill's law, the new {{IPA|/u/}} will [[boukólos rule|cause the labiovelar to lose its labial component]] (as in {{langx|el|núks}} and {{langx|el|ónuks/ónukh-}}, where the usual Greek change ''{{PIE|*kʷ}}'' > ''{{PIE|*p}}'' has not occurred). |
||
==Notes== |
|||
{{reflist}} |
|||
==References== |
==References== |
||
*{{cite book| last=Sihler| first=Andrew L.| authorlink=Andrew L. Sihler| title=New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin| publisher=Oxford University Press| year=1995| isbn=0-19-508345-8}} |
*{{cite book| last=Sihler| first=Andrew L.| authorlink=Andrew L. Sihler| title=New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin| publisher=Oxford University Press| year=1995| isbn=0-19-508345-8}} |
||
[[Category: |
[[Category:Greek sound laws]] |
||
[[Category:Sound laws]] |
|||
Latest revision as of 20:09, 16 November 2024
 | This article relies largely or entirely on a single source. (July 2024) |
Cowgill's law says that a former /o/ vowel becomes /u/ between a resonant (/r/, /l/, /m/, /n/) and a labial consonant (including labiovelars), in either order. It is named after Indo-Europeanist Warren Cowgill.
Examples:
- Greek: νύξ 'night' < PIE *nokʷts (cf. Latin: nox, Vedic nák < *nakts, Gothic: nahts, gen. sg. Hittite: nekuz)
- Greek: φύλλον 'leaf' < PIE *bʰolyom (cf. Latin: folium)
- Greek: μύλη 'mill' < PIE *mol-eh₂- (cf. Latin: molīna)
- Greek: ὄνυξ 'nail' (stem Proto-Greek: *ónukh-) < early PG *onokʷʰ- < PIE h₃nogʷʰ- (cf. Old English: nægl < PGerm *nag-laz)
Note that when a labiovelar adjoins an /o/ affected by Cowgill's law, the new /u/ will cause the labiovelar to lose its labial component (as in Greek: núks and Greek: ónuks/ónukh-, where the usual Greek change *kʷ > *p has not occurred).
References
[edit]- Sihler, Andrew L. (1995). New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-508345-8.