Miller Analogies Test: Difference between revisions

Miller Analogies Test
Acronym	MAT
Type	Computer-based standardized test
Administrator	Harcourt Assessment / Pearson Education
Purpose	Graduate school admission in the United States
Year started	1940 (University of Minnesota) ; 1947 (The Psychological Corporation)
Year terminated	2023
Duration	60 minutes
Score range	200–600
Offered	Multiple times per year
Restrictions on attempts	1 attempt every 12 months
Regions	Canada; United States;
Languages	English
Prerequisites	None
Fee	Varies approx. US$70–100)
Used by	Colleges and universities in the United States and Canada
Website	www.milleranalogies.com

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The Miller Analogies Test (MAT) was a standardized test used both for graduate school admissions in the United States and entrance to high I.Q. societies. Created and published by Harcourt Assessment (now a division of Pearson Education), the MAT consisted of 120 questions in 60 minutes (an earlier iteration was 100 questions in 50 minutes). The test was discontinued in 2023, with the last tests administered on or before November 15, 2023.^[3]

Content and use

The test aimed to measure an individual's logical and analytical reasoning through the use of partial analogies. A sample test question might have been:

Bach : Composing :: Monet :

a. painting
b. composing
c. writing
d. orating

This should be read as "Bach is to (:) Composing as (::) Monet is to (:) _______." The answer would be a. painting because just as Bach is most known for composing music, Monet is most known for his painting. The open slot may appear in any of the four positions.

Unlike analogies found on past editions of the GRE and the SAT, the MAT's analogies demanded a broad knowledge of Western culture, testing subjects such as science, music, literature, philosophy, mathematics, art, and history. Thus, exemplary success on the MAT required more than a nuanced and cultivated vocabulary.

Format and scoring

In the fall of 2004, the exam became computerized.^[4]

Out of the 120 questions, only 100 counted in the test-taker's score. The remaining 20 questions were experimental. There was no way for test-takers to identify any of the 20 experimental questions on a given test form, as the two types of questions are intermingled.

Tests taken before October 2004 were scored simply by the number of questions the test-taker answered correctly, with a range from 0-100. Scores using this metric have historically been known as "raw" scores.

Tests taken in October 2004 or later had a score range from 200 to 600. The median score was 400, with a standard deviation of 25 points. These scores, based on a normal curve, are known as "scaled" scores. Because of their grounding in this model, scaled MAT scores of 500-600 were extremely rare, as they would have been more than four standard deviations above the norm of 400.

Percentile ranks were also provided along with the official score report. Test-takers received an overall percentile rank as well as a percentile rank within their intended graduate school discipline.

The Miller Analogies Test used to be accepted by American Mensa, and still is by Intertel, the Triple Nine Society, the International Society for Philosophical Enquiry and the Prometheus Society for its admission requirements.^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8] Intertel requires a raw score of 74 on the "old" MAT, or a score at the 99th percentile on the modern one. The ISPE and the Triple Nine Society require at least a raw score of 85 on the "old" MAT, and at least 472 on the modern one. The Prometheus Society requires at least a raw score of 98 on the "old" MAT, and at least 500 on the modern one.^[9]

Validity

Kuncel and colleagues investigated the predictive validity of the MAT in both academic and occupational settings. Their meta-analytic study indicated that the MAT is a valid predictor in both domains and that it measures the same abilities as other cognitive ability instruments.^[10] Selected validity coefficients from the study are presented in the table below.

Meta-analytic validity coefficients of the MAT for various outcomes. r is the sample size weighted average correlation, while ρ represents estimated true score validity after correction for certain statistical artifacts (see Kuncel et al. 2004 for details).
Criterion	r	ρ
Graduate Record Examination—Verbal	0.70	0.88
Graduate Record Examination—Quantitative	0.42	0.57
General ability and reasoning measures	0.56	0.75
Graduate grade point average	0.27	0.39
Faculty ratings	0.25	0.37
Research productivity	0.13	0.19
Time to finish degree	0.25	0.35
Internship/practicum ratings	0.13	0.22
Ratings of creativity	0.25	0.36
Job performance	0.26	0.41

Criticism

According to Kaplan & Saccuzo, the Miller Analogies Test is age-biased. The scores over-predict the GPAs (Grade Point Average) of people ages 25 to 34 and achievement for people 45 and older, and under-predict the GPAs of people 35 to 44.^[11]

References

^ "MAT Basics" (PDF). January 2021. Retrieved 2024-02-21.
^ "How Much Does the Miller Analogies Cost?". Magoosh. March 1, 2016. Retrieved 2018-08-15.
^ "About MAT (Miller Analogies Test)". Retrieved 2023-05-22.
^ "Taking the Miller Analogies Test: Registering at a Controlled Testing Center". Candidate Information Booklet 2011-2012. NCS Pearson. 2011.
^ "Qualifying test scores". American Mensa. Retrieved 2021-03-15.
^ "Intertel - Join us". www.intertel-iq.org. Retrieved 2021-03-15.
^ "Tests & Test Scores - International Society for Philosophical Enquiry". www.thethousand.com. Retrieved 2021-03-15.
^ "Join or Subscribe – The Prometheus Society". Retrieved 2021-03-15.
^ "MENSA qualifying test scores". Archived from the original on 2007-02-10.
^ Kuncel, Nathan R.; hezlett, Sarah A.; Deniz S., Ones (2004). "Academic Performance, Career Potential, Creativity, and Job Performance: Can One Construct Predict Them All?" (PDF). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 86 (1): 148–161. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.86.1.148. PMID 14717633. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 August 2014. Retrieved 19 February 2013.
^ Kaplan, Robert M.; Saccuzzo, Dennis P. (2008-08-20). Psychological Testing: Principles, Applications, and Issues. ISBN 978-0495095552.

External links

[1] "MAT Basics" (PDF). January 2021. Retrieved 2024-02-21.

[2] "How Much Does the Miller Analogies Cost?". Magoosh. March 1, 2016. Retrieved 2018-08-15.

[3] "About MAT (Miller Analogies Test)". Retrieved 2023-05-22.

[4] "Taking the Miller Analogies Test: Registering at a Controlled Testing Center". Candidate Information Booklet 2011-2012. NCS Pearson. 2011.

[5] "Qualifying test scores". American Mensa. Retrieved 2021-03-15.

[6] "Intertel - Join us". www.intertel-iq.org. Retrieved 2021-03-15.

[7] "Tests & Test Scores - International Society for Philosophical Enquiry". www.thethousand.com. Retrieved 2021-03-15.

[8] "Join or Subscribe – The Prometheus Society". Retrieved 2021-03-15.

[9] "MENSA qualifying test scores". Archived from the original on 2007-02-10.

[10] Kuncel, Nathan R.; hezlett, Sarah A.; Deniz S., Ones (2004). "Academic Performance, Career Potential, Creativity, and Job Performance: Can One Construct Predict Them All?" (PDF). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 86 (1): 148–161. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.86.1.148. PMID 14717633. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 August 2014. Retrieved 19 February 2013.

[11] Kaplan, Robert M.; Saccuzzo, Dennis P. (2008-08-20). Psychological Testing: Principles, Applications, and Issues. ISBN 978-0495095552.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Graduate school admissions test}}
 {{Infobox examination
 | name                = Miller Analogies Test
 | image_name          =
-| image_size          =
 | image_alt           =
 | caption             =
@@ Line 10: / Line 10: @@
 | skills_tested       =
 | purpose             = [[Graduate school]] [[University and college admission|admission]] in the United States
+| year_started        = 1940 ([[University of Minnesota]]) <br> 1947 ([[The Psychological Corporation]])<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pearsonassessments.com/content/dam/school/global/clinical/us/assets/mat/mat-basics.pdf |title= MAT Basics |date=January 2021 |access-date=2024-02-21}}</ref>
-| year_started        = <!-- {{Start date|YYYY}} -->
+| year_terminated     = {{End date|2023}}
 | duration            = 60 minutes
-| score_range         = 200–600
+| score_range         = 200–600
-| score_validity      =
+| score_validity      =
 | offered             = Multiple times per year
 | attempt_restriction = 1 attempt every 12 months
@@ Line 20: / Line 21: @@
 | test_takers         =
 | prerequisite        = None
-| fee                 = Varies {{small|approx. US$70–100)}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://magoosh.com/mat/how-much-does-the-miller-analogies-cost/ |title=How Much Does the Miller Analogies Cost? |author=<!-- "Bertrand" --> |date=March 1, 2016 |website=[[Magoosh]] |access-date=2018-08-15}}</ref>
+| fee                 = Varies {{small|approx. US$70–100)}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://magoosh.com/mat/how-much-does-the-miller-analogies-cost/ |title=How Much Does the Miller Analogies Cost? |author=<!-- "Bertrand" --> |date=March 1, 2016 |website=[[Magoosh]] |access-date=2018-08-15}}</ref>
-| score_users         = Colleges and universities in the United States and Canada
+| score_users         = Colleges and universities in the United States and Canada
 | website             = {{URL|{{wikidata|property|P856}}}}
 }}
-The '''Miller Analogies Test''' ('''MAT''') is a [[standardized test]] used both for [[graduate school]] admissions in the United States and entrance to high I.Q. societies. Created and still published by [[Harcourt Assessment]] (now a division of [[Pearson Education]]), the MAT consists of 120 questions in 60 minutes (formerly 100 questions in 50 minutes).  Unlike other graduate school admissions exams such as the [[Graduate Record Examinations|GRE]], the Miller Analogies Test is verbal or computer based.<ref>https://www.amazon.com/Psychological-Testing-Principles-Applications-Issues/dp/0495095559/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1348443772&sr=1-1&keywords=psychological+testing+principles+applications+and+issues+8th+edition</ref>{{Better source|date=August 2015}}
+The '''Miller Analogies Test''' ('''MAT''') was a [[standardized test]] used both for [[graduate school]] admissions in the United States and entrance to [[High-IQ society|high I.Q. societies]]. Created and published by [[Harcourt Assessment]] (now a division of [[Pearson Education]]), the MAT consisted of 120 questions in 60 minutes (an earlier iteration was 100 questions in 50 minutes). The test was discontinued in 2023, with the last tests administered on or before November 15, 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|title= About MAT (Miller Analogies Test)|url=https://www.pearsonassessments.com/graduate-admissions/mat/about.html|access-date=2023-05-22}}</ref>
 ==Content and use==
-The test aims to measure an individual's logical and analytical reasoning through the use of partial [[analogies]].  A sample test question might be
+The test aimed to measure an individual's logical and analytical reasoning through the use of partial [[analogies]].  A sample test question might have been:
 '''Bach : Composing :: Monet :'''
@@ Line 39: / Line 40: @@
 This should be read as "Bach ''is to'' (:) Composing ''as'' (::) Monet ''is to'' (:) _______." The answer would be '''a. painting''' because just as [[Bach]] is most known for composing music, [[Monet]] is most known for his painting. The open slot may appear in any of the four positions.
-Unlike analogies found on past editions of the [[Graduate Record Examination|GRE]] and the [[SAT]], the MAT's analogies demand a broad knowledge of Western culture, testing subjects such as science, music, literature, philosophy, mathematics, art, and history.  Thus, exemplary success on the MAT requires more than a nuanced and cultivated vocabulary.
+Unlike analogies found on past editions of the [[Graduate Record Examination|GRE]] and the [[SAT]], the MAT's analogies demanded a broad knowledge of Western culture, testing subjects such as science, music, literature, philosophy, mathematics, art, and history.  Thus, exemplary success on the MAT required more than a nuanced and cultivated vocabulary.
 ==Format and scoring==
-In the fall of 2004, the exam became computerized; the MAT is now solely a computer-based test (CBT).<ref>{{cite news|title=Candidate Information Booklet 2011-2012|chapter=Taking the Miller Analogies Test: Registering at a Controlled Testing Center|author=NCS Pearson, Inc.|date=2011|url=http://psychcorp.pearsonassessments.com/haiweb/Cultures/en-US/Site/Community/PostSecondary/Products/MAT/subpages/Introduction.htm|work=psychorp.pearsonassessments.com }}</ref>
+In the fall of 2004, the exam became computerized.<ref>{{cite book |title=Candidate Information Booklet 2011-2012|chapter=Taking the Miller Analogies Test: Registering at a Controlled Testing Center|publisher=NCS Pearson |date=2011|chapter-url=http://psychcorp.pearsonassessments.com/haiweb/Cultures/en-US/Site/Community/PostSecondary/Products/MAT/subpages/Introduction.htm}}</ref>
-Out of the 120 questions, only 100 count in the test-taker's score.  The remaining 20 questions are experimental.  There is no way for test-takers to identify any of the 20 experimental questions on a given test form, as the two types of questions are intermingled.
+Out of the 120 questions, only 100 counted in the test-taker's score.  The remaining 20 questions were experimental.  There was no way for test-takers to identify any of the 20 experimental questions on a given test form, as the two types of questions are intermingled.
 Tests taken before October 2004 were scored simply by the number of questions the test-taker answered correctly, with a range from 0-100. Scores using this metric have historically been known as "raw" scores.
-Tests taken in October 2004 or later have a score range from 200 to 600.  The median score is 400, with a [[standard deviation]] of 25 points. These scores, based on a normal curve, are known as "scaled" scores.  Because of their grounding in this model, scaled MAT scores of 500-600 are extremely rare, as they would be more than four standard deviations above the norm of 400.
+Tests taken in October 2004 or later had a score range from 200 to 600.  The median score was 400, with a [[standard deviation]] of 25 points. These scores, based on a normal curve, are known as "scaled" scores.  Because of their grounding in this model, scaled MAT scores of 500-600 were extremely rare, as they would have been more than four standard deviations above the norm of 400.
-[[Percentile]] ranks are also provided along with the official score report.  Test-takers receive an overall percentile rank as well as a percentile rank within their intended graduate school discipline.
+[[Percentile]] ranks were also provided along with the official score report.  Test-takers received an overall percentile rank as well as a percentile rank within their intended graduate school discipline.
-The Miller Analogies Test is accepted by [[Mensa International|Mensa]], the [[Triple Nine Society]], and the [[Prometheus Society]] for its admission requirements.  For tests administered prior to October 2004, a raw score of 66 is required for MENSA qualification. For tests administered during and after October 2004, MENSA requires a score in the 95th percentile for admission. The Triple Nine Society requires at least a raw score of 85 on the "old" MAT, and at least 472 on the modern one. The Prometheus Society requires at least a raw score of 98 on the "old" MAT, and at least 500 on the modern one.<ref>{{Cite web| last =| first =| authorlink =| coauthors =| title =MENSA qualifying test scores| work =| publisher =| date =| url =http://www.us.mensa.org/Content/AML/NavigationMenu/Join/SubmitTestScores/QualifyingTestScores/QualifyingScores.htm| doi =| accessdate =| deadurl =yes| archiveurl =https://web.archive.org/web/20070210170103/http://www.us.mensa.org/Content/AML/NavigationMenu/Join/SubmitTestScores/QualifyingTestScores/QualifyingScores.htm| archivedate =2007-02-10| df =}}</ref>
+The Miller Analogies Test used to be accepted by [[American Mensa]], and still is by [[Intertel]], the [[Triple Nine Society]], the International Society for Philosophical Enquiry and the Prometheus Society for its admission requirements.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Qualifying test scores|url=https://www.us.mensa.org/join/testscores/qualifying-test-scores/|access-date=2021-03-15|website=American Mensa|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Intertel - Join us|url=https://www.intertel-iq.org/join-us|access-date=2021-03-15|website=www.intertel-iq.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Tests & Test Scores - International Society for Philosophical Enquiry|url=https://www.thethousand.com/tests_test_scores.php|access-date=2021-03-15|website=www.thethousand.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Join or Subscribe – The Prometheus Society|url=https://prometheussociety.org/wp/join-or-subscribe/|access-date=2021-03-15|language=en-US}}</ref> Intertel requires a raw score of 74 on the "old" MAT, or a score at the 99th percentile on the modern one. The ISPE and the Triple Nine Society require at least a raw score of 85 on the "old" MAT, and at least 472 on the modern one. The Prometheus Society requires at least a raw score of 98 on the "old" MAT, and at least 500 on the modern one.<ref>{{Cite web| title =MENSA qualifying test scores| url =http://www.us.mensa.org/Content/AML/NavigationMenu/Join/SubmitTestScores/QualifyingTestScores/QualifyingScores.htm| url-status =dead| archiveurl =https://web.archive.org/web/20070210170103/http://www.us.mensa.org/Content/AML/NavigationMenu/Join/SubmitTestScores/QualifyingTestScores/QualifyingScores.htm| archivedate =2007-02-10}}</ref>
 ==Validity==
-Kuncel and colleagues investigated the predictive validity of the MAT in both academic and occupational settings. Their meta-analytic study indicated that the MAT is a valid predictor in both domains and that it measures the same abilities as other cognitive ability instruments.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kuncel |first1=Nathan R. |last2=hezlett |first2=Sarah A. |first3=Ones |last3=Deniz S. |title=Academic Performance, Career Potential, Creativity, and Job Performance: Can One Construct Predict Them All? |journal=Journal of Personality and Social Psychology |volume=86 |issue=1 |year=2004 |pages=148–161 |publisher= |doi=10.1037/0022-3514.86.1.148 |url=http://web.nsboro.k12.ma.us/algonquin/faculty/socialstudiesteachers/smith/documents/UnitTestingandIndividualDifarticle3APpsych.pdf |accessdate=19 February 2013 |pmid=14717633 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819083229/http://web.nsboro.k12.ma.us/algonquin/faculty/socialstudiesteachers/smith/documents/UnitTestingandIndividualDifarticle3APpsych.pdf |archivedate=19 August 2014 |df= }}</ref> Selected validity coefficients from the study are presented in the table below.
+Kuncel and colleagues investigated the predictive validity of the MAT in both academic and occupational settings. Their meta-analytic study indicated that the MAT is a valid predictor in both domains and that it measures the same abilities as other cognitive ability instruments.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kuncel |first1=Nathan R. |last2=hezlett |first2=Sarah A. |first3=Ones |last3=Deniz S. |title=Academic Performance, Career Potential, Creativity, and Job Performance: Can One Construct Predict Them All? |journal=Journal of Personality and Social Psychology |volume=86 |issue=1 |year=2004 |pages=148–161 |doi=10.1037/0022-3514.86.1.148 |url=http://web.nsboro.k12.ma.us/algonquin/faculty/socialstudiesteachers/smith/documents/UnitTestingandIndividualDifarticle3APpsych.pdf |accessdate=19 February 2013 |pmid=14717633 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819083229/http://web.nsboro.k12.ma.us/algonquin/faculty/socialstudiesteachers/smith/documents/UnitTestingandIndividualDifarticle3APpsych.pdf |archivedate=19 August 2014 }}</ref> Selected validity coefficients from the study are presented in the table below.
 {| class="wikitable"
 |+ <small>Meta-analytic validity coefficients of the MAT for various outcomes. '''''r''''' is the sample size weighted average correlation, while '''''ρ''''' represents estimated true score validity after correction for certain statistical artifacts (see Kuncel et al. 2004 for details).</small>
+! Criterion
-| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Criterion'''
+! ''r''
-| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''''r'''''
+! ''ρ''
-| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''''ρ'''''
 |-
 | Graduate Record Examination—Verbal||0.70||0.88
@@ Line 87: / Line 88: @@
 ==Criticism==
-According to Kaplan & Saccuzo, the Miller Analogies Test is age-biased.  The scores over-predict the GPAs (Grade Point Average) of people ages 25 to 34 and achievement for people 45 and older, and under-predict the GPAs of people 35 to 44.<ref>https://www.amazon.com/Psychological-Testing-Principles-Applications-Issues/dp/0495095559/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1348443772&sr=1-1&keywords=psychological+testing+principles+applications+and+issues+8th+edition</ref>
+According to Kaplan & Saccuzo, the Miller Analogies Test is age-biased.  The scores over-predict the GPAs (Grade Point Average) of people ages 25 to 34 and achievement for people 45 and older, and under-predict the GPAs of people 35 to 44.<ref>{{Cite book |isbn = 978-0495095552|title = Psychological Testing: Principles, Applications, and Issues|last1 = Kaplan|first1 = Robert M.|last2 = Saccuzzo|first2 = Dennis P.|date = 2008-08-20}}</ref>
 ==See also==
@@ Line 97: / Line 98: @@
 ==External links==
-*[http://www.milleranalogies.com Miller Analogies Homepage]
+*[https://www.pearsonassessments.com/graduate-admissions/mat/about.html Miller Analogies Homepage]
+*[https://www.intertel-iq.org/join-us Intertel Qualifying Scores including the MAT]
-*[http://harcourtassessment.com/HAIWEB/Cultures/en-us/Harcourt/AboutUs/AboutUs.htm Harcourt Assessment, Inc.]
-*[http://www.us.mensa.org/join/testscores/qualifyingscores/ MENSA Qualifying Scores including the MAT]
 *[https://web.archive.org/web/20150209080251/http://www.triplenine.org/main/admission.asp Triple Nine Society Qualifying Scores including the MAT]
+*[https://www.thethousand.com/tests_test_scores.php ISPE Qualifying Scores including the MAT]
 [[Category:Standardized tests in the United States]]