Jump to content

Shimshal: Difference between revisions

Coordinates: 36°26′12″N 75°19′34″E / 36.4366°N 75.3260°E / 36.4366; 75.3260
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
No edit summary
Tags: Reverted Mobile edit Mobile web edit
 
(13 intermediate revisions by 8 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|Village in northern Pakistan}}
{{multiple issues|
{{More citations needed|date=August 2014}}
{{Use Pakistani English|date=May 2024}}
{{refstyle|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
}}
{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Shimshal
| name = Shimshal
Line 14: Line 13:
| image_caption = Shimshal in Summer
| image_caption = Shimshal in Summer
| map_caption =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = Gilgit Baltistan#Pakistan occupied
| pushpin_map = Gilgit Baltistan#Pakistan
| pushpin_label_position = bottom
| pushpin_label_position = bottom
| pushpin_map_caption =
| pushpin_map_caption =
Line 42: Line 41:
}}
}}


'''Shimshal''' ({{lang-ur|شمشال}}), previously known as '''Shingshal,''' is a village located in the [[Gojal]] tehsil of the [[Hunza District]] in the [[Gilgit–Baltistan]] region of northern Pakistan (illegally occupied). It lies at an altitude of {{convert|3,113|m}} above sea level and is the highest settlement in the district.{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}} It is the largest valley in Gilgit-Baltistan. It encompasses nearly the entire district of [[Hunza District|Hunza.]] Situated within the valley is the Shimshal River, a tributary that feeds into the Hunza River. Shimshal itself is a border village, serving as a linkage point between illegally occupied Pakistan's Gilgit-Baltistan region and China.
'''Shimshal''' ({{langx|ur|شمشال}}), previously known as '''Shingshal,''' is a village located in the [[Gojal]] tehsil of the [[Hunza District]] in the [[Gilgit–Baltistan]] region of northern Pakistan. It lies at an altitude of {{convert|3,113|m}} above sea level and is the highest settlement in the district.<ref name=BBC>{{cite news |last1=Nirode |first1=Vanessa |title=The Pakistan village with a unique system of philanthropy |url=https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20171123-the-pakistan-village-with-a-unique-system-of-philanthropy |access-date=4 June 2024 |work=www.bbc.com |date=24 November 2017 |language=en}}</ref> It is the largest valley in Gilgit-Baltistan. It encompasses nearly the entire district of [[Hunza District|Hunza.]] Situated within the valley is the Shimshal River, a tributary that feeds into the [[Hunza River]]. Shimshal itself is a border village, serving as a linkage point between Pakistan's Gilgit-Baltistan region and [[China]].


The total area of Shimshal is estimated at approximately {{cvt|3,800|km2}} and there are around two thousand inhabitants with a total of 250 households.
The total area of Shimshal is estimated at approximately {{cvt|3,800|km2}} and there are around two thousand inhabitants with a total of 250 households.


==Settlements==
==Settlements==
Shimshal comprises four major hamlets: Farmanabad, Aminabad, Center Shimshal, and Khizarabad. {{cn|date=August 2023}} Shimshal obtains hydroelectricity from the Odver stream, particularly during the warmer months of the year which typically span from June to October. The absence of electricity for seven months poses a significant challenge for the local community in Shimshal. During this prolonged period, residents have had to resort to various alternatives such as kerosene oil, firewood, solar panels, and compressed natural gas in cylinders to meet their energy needs However, a small hydro electricity power station of 0.200MW is under construction at Kuk area of Shimshal that is scheduled to be complete in 2017.<ref name=Dawn/>
Shimshal comprises four major hamlets: Farmanabad, Aminabad, Center Shimshal, and Khizarabad.<ref name=BBC/> Shimshal obtains hydroelectricity from the Odver stream, particularly during the warmer months of the year which typically span from June to October. The absence of electricity for seven months poses a significant challenge for the local community in Shimshal. During this prolonged period, residents have had to resort to various alternatives such as kerosene oil, firewood, solar panels, and compressed natural gas in cylinders to meet their energy needs However, a small hydro electricity power station of 0.200MW is under construction at Kuk area of Shimshal that is scheduled to be complete in 2017.<ref name=Dawn/>
[[File:Silk Route Caravan of Shimshal Valley.jpg|left|thumb|Silk Route Caravan of Shimshal]]
[[File:Silk Route Caravan of Shimshal Valley.jpg|left|thumb|Silk Route Caravan of Shimshal]]
[[File:Traditional Dance of Shimshal.jpg|thumb|Traditional Dance of Shimshal]]
[[File:Traditional Dance of Shimshal.jpg|thumb|Traditional Dance of Shimshal]]


The village was inaccessible by motor roads until October, 2003, when a new road from the [[Karakoram Highway]] at [[Passu]] was constructed. It now takes maximum of three hours by jeep to reach the Shimshal Valley from [[Passu]]. {{cn|date=August 2023}} Self-help or [[Nomus]] (in local [[Wakhi language]]) is the major driver for infrastructure development in Shimshal.<ref name=Butz>David Butz, [https://brocku.ca/social-sciences/geography/faculty-and-staff/david-butz/#a-critical-ethnography-of-the-shimshal-road A Critical Ethnography of the Shimshal Road], Brock University, retrieved 10 June 2018.</ref>
The village was inaccessible by motor roads until October 2003, when a new road from the [[Karakoram Highway]] at [[Passu]] was constructed. It's 56&nbsp;km to reach the Shimshal Valley from [[Passu]].<ref name=BBC/> Self-help or [[Nomus]] (in local [[Wakhi language]]) is the major driver for infrastructure development in Shimshal.<ref name=Butz>David Butz, [https://brocku.ca/social-sciences/geography/faculty-and-staff/david-butz/#a-critical-ethnography-of-the-shimshal-road A Critical Ethnography of the Shimshal Road], Brock University, retrieved 10 June 2018.</ref>


Shimshalis use numerous seasonal mountain grasslands, located several days walk from the village, to sustain herds of yaks, goats, and sheep. The area was founded by Mamo Singh and his wife named Khudija.{{cn|date=August 2023}}
Shimshalis use numerous seasonal mountain grasslands, located several days walk from the village, to sustain herds of [[yak]]s, goats, and sheep. The area was founded by Mamo Singh and his wife named Khudija.{{citation needed|date=August 2023}}


The people of Shimshal are [[Wakhi people|Wakhi]] and they speak the [[Wakhi language]]. They belong to the [[Ismaili]] sect of [[Shia Islam]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jang.com.pk/thenews/oct2008-weekly/nos-19-10-2008/foo.htm|title=Footloose, NOS, The News International|website=jang.com.pk}}</ref> The community follows [[Aga Khan]], a spiritual leader.<ref>[http://www.theismaili.org/cms/16/The-Ismaili-Community The Ismaili Community], he.ismaili, retrieved 10 June 2018.</ref>
The people of Shimshal are [[Wakhi people|Wakhi]] and they speak the [[Wakhi language]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Otero |first1=Rocio |title=The Changing Life of the Wakhi People in Pakistan's Shimshal |url=https://thewire.in/agriculture/changing-life-shimshal-wakhi-people |access-date=4 June 2024 |work=[[The Wire (India)|The Wire]] |date=16 May 2017 |language=en}}</ref> They belong to the [[Ismaili]] sect of [[Shia Islam]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jang.com.pk/thenews/oct2008-weekly/nos-19-10-2008/foo.htm|title=Footloose, NOS, The News International|website=jang.com.pk}}</ref> The community follows [[Aga Khan]], a spiritual leader.<ref>[http://www.theismaili.org/cms/16/The-Ismaili-Community The Ismaili Community], he.ismaili, retrieved 10 June 2018.</ref>


Shimshal has produced several well-known mountaineers for Pakistan. Among those, [[Samina Baig]] is the first woman climber from Pakistan to scale Mt. Everest and all highest peaks in seven continents around the globe.{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}} Rajab Shah has the honor of scaling all five highest peaks in Pakistan.{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}} Both Rajab Shah and Mehrban Shah have received a Presidential Award for Pride of Performance in the field of mountaineering. Some people call Shimshal [[The Valley of Mountaineers]] in Pakistan.{{cn|date=August 2023}}
Shimshal has produced several well-known mountaineers for Pakistan. Among those, [[Samina Baig]] is the first woman climber from Pakistan to scale Mt. Everest and all highest peaks in seven continents around the globe.<ref>{{cite news |title=Mission accomplished: Samina becomes first Pakistani woman to scale 7 highest peaks on 7 continents |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/741092/mission-accomplished-samina-becomes-first-pakistani-to-scale-7-highest-peaks-on-7-continents |access-date=4 June 2024 |work=[[The Express Tribune]] |date=25 July 2014 |language=en}}</ref> Rajab Shah has the honor of scaling all five highest peaks in Pakistan.<ref name=Rajab>{{cite news |last1=Tariq |first1=Hanniah |title=The last ascent of Rajab Shah — Pakistan's forgotten mountaineer |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1262638 |access-date=4 June 2024 |work=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]] |date=5 June 2016 |language=en}}</ref> Both Rajab Shah and Mehrban Shah have received a Presidential Award for Pride of Performance in the field of mountaineering. Some people call Shimshal [[The Valley of Mountaineers]] in Pakistan.<ref name=Rajab/>


Shimshal is the largest village of the [[Hunza valley]]. Its extensive pasture lands include Shimshal Pamir, Gujerav, Yazghail and Loopghar.{{cn|date=August 2023}}
Shimshal is the largest village of the [[Hunza valley]]. Its extensive pasture lands include Shimshal Pamir, Gujerav, Yazghail and Loopghar.{{citation needed|date=August 2023}}


The [[Lok Versa Museum]] of Shimshal has antiques, artifacts, musical instruments, and daily life items made from wood, showcasing the history of its local community.
The [[Lok Versa Museum]] of Shimshal has antiques, artifacts, musical instruments, and daily life items made from wood, showcasing the history of its local community.


Two books by Pam Henson about Shimshal, "Shimshal" and "Women of Shimshal," have been published by the Shimshal Trust. Henson is a teacher from New Zealand and wrote these books based on her experiences teaching and living in Shimshal.{{cn|date=August 2023}}
Two books by Pam Henson about Shimshal, "Shimshal" and "Women of Shimshal," have been published by the Shimshal Trust. Henson is a teacher from New Zealand and wrote these books based on her experiences teaching and living in Shimshal.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Willoughby |first1=Lynette |title=[Interview] Inspiration to Action: The story of Shimshal Trust and Pam Henson |url=https://pamirtimes.net/2013/10/18/interview-inspiration-action-story-shimshal-nature-trust-pam-henson/ |access-date=4 June 2024 |work=PAMIR TIMES |date=18 October 2013 |language=en}}</ref>


The Shimshal River comes from this area and then transforms the shape of [[Hunza River]], which joins the [[Indus River]] below the capital city [[Gilgit]].
The Shimshal River comes from this area and then transforms the shape of [[Hunza River]], which joins the [[Indus River]] below the capital city [[Gilgit]].
Shimshal River is formed from three sources: Khurdopin Glacier, Shimshal Pass and Zardgorban. The Shimshal River flows into the Khunjrab River and then the Passu River before ending in Attabad Lake.{{cn|date=August 2023}}
Shimshal River is formed from three sources: Khurdopin Glacier, Shimshal Pass and Zardgorban. The Shimshal River flows into the Khunjrab River and then the Passu River before ending in Attabad Lake.{{citation needed|date=August 2023}}


== History ==
== History ==
{{unreferenced section|date=June 2024}}
[[File:Khurdopin glacier & Shimshal River.jpg|thumb|Khurdopin glacier and Shimshal River, 2017. Several glaciers flow into the Shimshal Valley, and are prone to blocking the river. Khurdopin glacier surged in 2016–17,<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Steiner|first1=J. F.|last2=Kraaijenbrink|first2=P. D. A.|last3=Jiduc|first3=S. G.|last4=Immerzeel|first4=W. W.|date=2018-01-11|title=Brief communication: The Khurdopin glacier surge revisited – extreme flow velocities and formation of a dammed lake in 2017|url=https://www.the-cryosphere.net/12/95/2018/|journal=The Cryosphere|volume=12|issue=1|pages=95–101|doi=10.5194/tc-12-95-2018|bibcode=2018TCry...12...95S|issn=1994-0424|doi-access=free}}</ref> creating a sizable lake.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/90672/when-glaciers-and-rivers-collide|title=When Glaciers and Rivers Collide|date=August 9, 2017|website=earthobservatory.nasa.gov}}</ref>]]
[[File:Khurdopin glacier & Shimshal River.jpg|thumb|Khurdopin glacier and Shimshal River, 2017. Several glaciers flow into the Shimshal Valley, and are prone to blocking the river. Khurdopin glacier surged in 2016–17,<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Steiner|first1=J. F.|last2=Kraaijenbrink|first2=P. D. A.|last3=Jiduc|first3=S. G.|last4=Immerzeel|first4=W. W.|date=2018-01-11|title=Brief communication: The Khurdopin glacier surge revisited – extreme flow velocities and formation of a dammed lake in 2017|url=https://www.the-cryosphere.net/12/95/2018/|journal=The Cryosphere|volume=12|issue=1|pages=95–101|doi=10.5194/tc-12-95-2018|bibcode=2018TCry...12...95S|issn=1994-0424|doi-access=free}}</ref> creating a sizable lake.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/90672/when-glaciers-and-rivers-collide|title=When Glaciers and Rivers Collide|date=August 9, 2017|website=earthobservatory.nasa.gov}}</ref>]]


The village of Shimshal was founded in 1450 by Mamu Singh, the brother of "Chu Singh".{{cn|date=August 2023}} Both were Burushaski peakers and they belonged to the "Brong Family".{{cn|date=August 2023}} Mamu Singh was fond of hunting and other mountain sports. One day, in search of ibex, he went to Gojal. During his hunting trip, he fell in love with a beautiful girl who he then married. They started to live in the area of Boiber. Once, he climbed up to the summit of [[Karun Kuh]] which provided him a chance to view the entire region and to see the grazing ground of Lup Goz, which they traveled to with a flock of sheep and goats.{{cn|date=August 2023}}
The village of Shimshal was founded in 1450 by Mamu Singh, the brother of "Chu Singh".{{citation needed|date=August 2023}} Both were Burushaski peakers and they belonged to the "Brong Family".{{citation needed|date=August 2023}} Mamu Singh was fond of hunting and other mountain sports. One day, in search of ibex, he went to Gojal. During his hunting trip, he fell in love with a beautiful girl who he then married. They started to live in the area of Boiber. Once, he climbed up to the summit of [[Karun Kuh]] which provided him a chance to view the entire region and to see the grazing ground of Lup Goz, which they traveled to with a flock of sheep and goats.{{citation needed|date=August 2023}}


Later, he climbed on the high ground running east, and saw the vast area of "Shimshal Valley" (Shingshal). He noticed that there were signs of existence of a water channel. He came to the conclusion that this flat barren land had been cultivated some time in the past. Thus, Mamu Singh decided to cultivate the abandoned land. He repaired the broken water channel and got water running through it for irrigation. After cultivations in the new settlement Mamu Singh decided to relocate from Astan to Shimshal along with his wife and herds.{{cn|date=August 2023}}. They had a son who went on to produce further descendants, populating the area.{{cn|date=August 2023}}
Later, he climbed on the high ground running east, and saw the vast area of "Shimshal Valley" (Shingshal). He noticed that there were signs of existence of a water channel. He came to the conclusion that this flat barren land had been cultivated some time in the past. Thus, Mamu Singh decided to cultivate the abandoned land. He repaired the broken water channel and got water running through it for irrigation. After cultivations in the new settlement Mamu Singh decided to relocate from Astan to Shimshal along with his wife and herds.{{citation needed|date=August 2023}}. They had a son who went on to produce further descendants, populating the area.{{citation needed|date=August 2023}}


The Pakistan Army came to Shimshal in the late 1960s and was posted in Pamir because of border disputes with China. Many Shimshalis worked as porters for the army.{{cn|date=August 2023}} Today, many Shimshalis work as porters for trekking and mountaineering groups and expeditions.
The Pakistan Army came to Shimshal in the late 1960s and was posted in Pamir because of border disputes with China. Many Shimshalis worked as porters for the army.{{citation needed|date=August 2023}} Today, many Shimshalis work as porters for trekking and mountaineering groups and expeditions.


== Shimshal Pass ==
== Shimshal Pass ==
Line 82: Line 82:
[[File:YakRace.jpg|thumb|[[Yak racing]]]]
[[File:YakRace.jpg|thumb|[[Yak racing]]]]


Shimshal Pass ({{cvt|4735|m|disp=sqbr}}) {{coord|36|26|0|N|75|41|15|E|display=inline}} rises above the village. It lies on the watershed between the [[Indus River]] and [[Tarim River]] basins, and leads to the valley of the Shimshal Braldu River, a tributary of the [[Shaksgam River]] on the border with China.
Shimshal Pass ({{cvt|4735|m|disp=sqbr}}) {{coord|36|26|0|N|75|41|15|E|display=inline}} rises above the village. It lies on the watershed between the [[Indus River]] and [[Tarim River]] basins, and leads to the valley of the Shimshal Braldu River, a tributary of the [[Shaksgam River]] on the border with China.


[[Francis Younghusband]] was probably the first Englishman to reach the pass (1889).{{cn|date=August 2023}} At the time it was used by raiders from [[Hunza (princely state)|Hunza]] to attack caravans traveling between [[Leh]] and [[Yarkant (town)|Yarkand]].{{cn|date=August 2023}}
[[Francis Younghusband]] was probably the first Englishman to reach the pass (1889).<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hussain |first1=Shafqat |title=Remoteness and Modernity: Transformation and Continuity in Northern Pakistan |journal=Yale Agrarian Studies Series |date=2015 |pages=1–20 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1bh4cs8 |access-date=4 June 2024 |publisher=Yale University Press|jstor=j.ctt1bh4cs8 |isbn=978-0-300-20555-8 }}</ref> At the time it was used by raiders from [[Hunza (princely state)|Hunza]] to attack caravans traveling between [[Leh]] and [[Yarkant (town)|Yarkand]].{{citation needed|date=August 2023}}


The pass is not part of Khunjerab National Park, but the Shimshal community has set up an organization called SNT (Shimshal Nature Trust) which oversees the entire region and takes care of its own land. It is a community-based organization and is registered with the Government of Pakistan.{{cn|date=August 2023}}
The pass is not part of Khunjerab National Park, but the Shimshal community has set up an organization called SNT (Shimshal Nature Trust) which oversees the entire region and takes care of its own land. It is a community-based organization and is registered with the Government of Pakistan.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Abidi-Habib |first1=Mehjabeen |last2=Lawrence |first2=Anna |title=Revolt and Remember: How the Shimshal Nature Trust Develops and Sustains Social-Ecological Resilience in Northern Pakistan |journal=Ecology and Society |date=2007 |volume=12 |issue=2 |doi=10.5751/ES-02246-120235 |jstor=26267888 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26267888 |access-date=4 June 2024 |language=en |issn=1708-3087|hdl=10535/3032 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>


Annually, in the last week of July or the first week of August, there is a festival at Shimshal Pass where locals partake in a [[yak race]], followed by singing and dancing. In Wakhi language it is called Woolyo. This yak race is the only one of its kind, and is a unique event organised at high mountain settlements of Pakistan.{{cn|date=August 2023}}
Annually, in the last week of July or the first week of August, there is a festival at Shimshal Pass where locals partake in a [[yak race]], followed by singing and dancing. In Wakhi language it is called Woolyo. This yak race is the only one of its kind, and is a unique event organised at high mountain settlements of Pakistan.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Shafiq |first1=Nadeem |title=The Wakhi Community Settlements in Northern Pakistan |journal=Journal of Political Studies |pages=64–77 |url=https://pu.edu.pk/images/journal/pols/Currentissue-pdf/THE%20WAKHI%20COMMUNITY%20PAKISTAN.pdf |access-date=4 June 2024 |publisher=Punjab University |location=Islamabad |language=en}}</ref>


==Shimshal Nature Trust==
==Shimshal Nature Trust==
Line 114: Line 114:
* [[Purian Sar]] ({{cvt|6293|m|disp=sqbr}})
* [[Purian Sar]] ({{cvt|6293|m|disp=sqbr}})
* Yazghail Sar ({{cvt|6000|m|disp=sqbr}})
* Yazghail Sar ({{cvt|6000|m|disp=sqbr}})
* [[Yawash Sar II]] ({{cvt|6176|m|disp=sqbr}})
* [[Yawash Sar II]] ({{cvt|6176|m|disp=sqbr}})


Gigantic glaciers include Malangudhi, Yazghail, Khurdopin ({{cvt|5800|m|disp=sqbr}}), Braldu, Odver, and Ver Zharav. The main passes include Chafchingoal, Khurdopin, Mai Dur, Braldu, and Boi Sam. Among these, the Khurdopin glacier pass remains a favorite<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gomo.pk/|title=Home -|website=www.gomo.pk}}</ref> destination for trekkers.
Gigantic glaciers include Malangudhi, Yazghail, Khurdopin ({{cvt|5800|m|disp=sqbr}}), Braldu, Odver, and Ver Zharav. The main passes include Chafchingoal, Khurdopin, Mai Dur, Braldu, and Boi Sam. Among these, the Khurdopin glacier pass remains a favorite<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gomo.pk/|title=Home -|website=www.gomo.pk}}</ref> destination for trekkers.
Line 150: Line 150:
[[Category:Populated places in Hunza District]]
[[Category:Populated places in Hunza District]]
[[Category:Valleys of Gilgit-Baltistan]]
[[Category:Valleys of Gilgit-Baltistan]]
[[Category:Regions of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Ski areas and resorts in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Ski areas and resorts in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Regions of Gilgit-Baltistan]]
[[Category:Tourism in Gilgit-Baltistan]]
[[Category:Tourism in Gilgit-Baltistan]]
[[Category:Populated places in Gilgit-Baltistan]]
[[Category:Populated places in Gilgit-Baltistan]]

Latest revision as of 16:51, 14 November 2024

Shimshal
Shingshal
Village
Shimshal in Summer
Shimshal in Summer
Shimshal is located in Gilgit Baltistan
Shimshal
Shimshal
Shimshal is located in Pakistan
Shimshal
Shimshal
Coordinates: 36°26′12″N 75°19′34″E / 36.4366°N 75.3260°E / 36.4366; 75.3260
CountryPakistan
Autonomous territoryGilgit Baltistan
DistrictHunza
subdivisionGojal
Elevation
3,100 m (10,200 ft)
Population
 • 
More than 2,000
Time zonePST
 • Summer (DST)GMT+5:00

Shimshal (Urdu: شمشال), previously known as Shingshal, is a village located in the Gojal tehsil of the Hunza District in the Gilgit–Baltistan region of northern Pakistan. It lies at an altitude of 3,113 metres (10,213 ft) above sea level and is the highest settlement in the district.[1] It is the largest valley in Gilgit-Baltistan. It encompasses nearly the entire district of Hunza. Situated within the valley is the Shimshal River, a tributary that feeds into the Hunza River. Shimshal itself is a border village, serving as a linkage point between Pakistan's Gilgit-Baltistan region and China.

The total area of Shimshal is estimated at approximately 3,800 km2 (1,500 sq mi) and there are around two thousand inhabitants with a total of 250 households.

Settlements

[edit]

Shimshal comprises four major hamlets: Farmanabad, Aminabad, Center Shimshal, and Khizarabad.[1] Shimshal obtains hydroelectricity from the Odver stream, particularly during the warmer months of the year which typically span from June to October. The absence of electricity for seven months poses a significant challenge for the local community in Shimshal. During this prolonged period, residents have had to resort to various alternatives such as kerosene oil, firewood, solar panels, and compressed natural gas in cylinders to meet their energy needs However, a small hydro electricity power station of 0.200MW is under construction at Kuk area of Shimshal that is scheduled to be complete in 2017.[2]

Silk Route Caravan of Shimshal
Traditional Dance of Shimshal

The village was inaccessible by motor roads until October 2003, when a new road from the Karakoram Highway at Passu was constructed. It's 56 km to reach the Shimshal Valley from Passu.[1] Self-help or Nomus (in local Wakhi language) is the major driver for infrastructure development in Shimshal.[3]

Shimshalis use numerous seasonal mountain grasslands, located several days walk from the village, to sustain herds of yaks, goats, and sheep. The area was founded by Mamo Singh and his wife named Khudija.[citation needed]

The people of Shimshal are Wakhi and they speak the Wakhi language.[4] They belong to the Ismaili sect of Shia Islam.[5] The community follows Aga Khan, a spiritual leader.[6]

Shimshal has produced several well-known mountaineers for Pakistan. Among those, Samina Baig is the first woman climber from Pakistan to scale Mt. Everest and all highest peaks in seven continents around the globe.[7] Rajab Shah has the honor of scaling all five highest peaks in Pakistan.[8] Both Rajab Shah and Mehrban Shah have received a Presidential Award for Pride of Performance in the field of mountaineering. Some people call Shimshal The Valley of Mountaineers in Pakistan.[8]

Shimshal is the largest village of the Hunza valley. Its extensive pasture lands include Shimshal Pamir, Gujerav, Yazghail and Loopghar.[citation needed]

The Lok Versa Museum of Shimshal has antiques, artifacts, musical instruments, and daily life items made from wood, showcasing the history of its local community.

Two books by Pam Henson about Shimshal, "Shimshal" and "Women of Shimshal," have been published by the Shimshal Trust. Henson is a teacher from New Zealand and wrote these books based on her experiences teaching and living in Shimshal.[9]

The Shimshal River comes from this area and then transforms the shape of Hunza River, which joins the Indus River below the capital city Gilgit. Shimshal River is formed from three sources: Khurdopin Glacier, Shimshal Pass and Zardgorban. The Shimshal River flows into the Khunjrab River and then the Passu River before ending in Attabad Lake.[citation needed]

History

[edit]
Khurdopin glacier and Shimshal River, 2017. Several glaciers flow into the Shimshal Valley, and are prone to blocking the river. Khurdopin glacier surged in 2016–17,[10] creating a sizable lake.[11]

The village of Shimshal was founded in 1450 by Mamu Singh, the brother of "Chu Singh".[citation needed] Both were Burushaski peakers and they belonged to the "Brong Family".[citation needed] Mamu Singh was fond of hunting and other mountain sports. One day, in search of ibex, he went to Gojal. During his hunting trip, he fell in love with a beautiful girl who he then married. They started to live in the area of Boiber. Once, he climbed up to the summit of Karun Kuh which provided him a chance to view the entire region and to see the grazing ground of Lup Goz, which they traveled to with a flock of sheep and goats.[citation needed]

Later, he climbed on the high ground running east, and saw the vast area of "Shimshal Valley" (Shingshal). He noticed that there were signs of existence of a water channel. He came to the conclusion that this flat barren land had been cultivated some time in the past. Thus, Mamu Singh decided to cultivate the abandoned land. He repaired the broken water channel and got water running through it for irrigation. After cultivations in the new settlement Mamu Singh decided to relocate from Astan to Shimshal along with his wife and herds.[citation needed]. They had a son who went on to produce further descendants, populating the area.[citation needed]

The Pakistan Army came to Shimshal in the late 1960s and was posted in Pamir because of border disputes with China. Many Shimshalis worked as porters for the army.[citation needed] Today, many Shimshalis work as porters for trekking and mountaineering groups and expeditions.

Shimshal Pass

[edit]
Map including Shimshāl (AMS, 1955)
Map including Shimshāl (ACIC, 1969)
Yak racing

Shimshal Pass (4,735 m [15,535 ft]) 36°26′0″N 75°41′15″E / 36.43333°N 75.68750°E / 36.43333; 75.68750 rises above the village. It lies on the watershed between the Indus River and Tarim River basins, and leads to the valley of the Shimshal Braldu River, a tributary of the Shaksgam River on the border with China.

Francis Younghusband was probably the first Englishman to reach the pass (1889).[12] At the time it was used by raiders from Hunza to attack caravans traveling between Leh and Yarkand.[citation needed]

The pass is not part of Khunjerab National Park, but the Shimshal community has set up an organization called SNT (Shimshal Nature Trust) which oversees the entire region and takes care of its own land. It is a community-based organization and is registered with the Government of Pakistan.[13]

Annually, in the last week of July or the first week of August, there is a festival at Shimshal Pass where locals partake in a yak race, followed by singing and dancing. In Wakhi language it is called Woolyo. This yak race is the only one of its kind, and is a unique event organised at high mountain settlements of Pakistan.[14]

Shimshal Nature Trust

[edit]

Shimshal Nature Trust is a community-based development organization.[15] In January 2008, The Science and Practice of Ecology & Society Award (SPES) was granted to Shimshal Nature Trust by the Resilience Alliance.[16]

Nomus (self-help village development programme)

[edit]
Vibrant Colours of Autumn in Shimshal, Hunza Pakistan

Nomus is a Wakhi word commonly known in Shimshal valley. It is a unique social philanthropic (showing concern for humanity) system of the local community. Details are available here Nomus[17] and Oral testimonies from Shimshal.[18] It is one of its kind model of participatory community development in Gilgit-Baltistan area of Pakistan.[19][20]

Tourism

[edit]
Shimshal in Winter
Shimshali mountaineers

Shimshal Valley has its largest adventure area in Hunza and is a major attraction for tourists. Its well-known mountains include:

Gigantic glaciers include Malangudhi, Yazghail, Khurdopin (5,800 m [19,000 ft]), Braldu, Odver, and Ver Zharav. The main passes include Chafchingoal, Khurdopin, Mai Dur, Braldu, and Boi Sam. Among these, the Khurdopin glacier pass remains a favorite[21] destination for trekkers.

Solar electricity

[edit]

There are almost 250 houses in Shimshal and almost every house uses solar panels to generate electricity.[2] On 14 December 2016, Shimshal connected with the rest of the world through a cellular network of the Special Communications Organization known as SCOM. SCOM provides GSM services in Azad Jammu and Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan, and its GSM service is connected with the solar power grid in Shimshal. Samina Baig, who is Brand Ambassador of SCOM,[22] played a vital role in providing cellular service to the people of Shimshal.

Naubahar School in Shimshal produces 20KVs of electricity using solar panels. This is enough to meet the electricity needs of 18 classrooms and an IT lab.[2]

Notable people

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Nirode, Vanessa (24 November 2017). "The Pakistan village with a unique system of philanthropy". www.bbc.com. Retrieved 4 June 2024.
  2. ^ a b c Pamiri, Noor (28 January 2016). "How the residents of Shimshal are setting a shining example for Pakistan". www.dawn.com. Retrieved 28 January 2016.
  3. ^ David Butz, A Critical Ethnography of the Shimshal Road, Brock University, retrieved 10 June 2018.
  4. ^ Otero, Rocio (16 May 2017). "The Changing Life of the Wakhi People in Pakistan's Shimshal". The Wire. Retrieved 4 June 2024.
  5. ^ "Footloose, NOS, The News International". jang.com.pk.
  6. ^ The Ismaili Community, he.ismaili, retrieved 10 June 2018.
  7. ^ "Mission accomplished: Samina becomes first Pakistani woman to scale 7 highest peaks on 7 continents". The Express Tribune. 25 July 2014. Retrieved 4 June 2024.
  8. ^ a b Tariq, Hanniah (5 June 2016). "The last ascent of Rajab Shah — Pakistan's forgotten mountaineer". Dawn. Retrieved 4 June 2024.
  9. ^ Willoughby, Lynette (18 October 2013). "[Interview] Inspiration to Action: The story of Shimshal Trust and Pam Henson". PAMIR TIMES. Retrieved 4 June 2024.
  10. ^ Steiner, J. F.; Kraaijenbrink, P. D. A.; Jiduc, S. G.; Immerzeel, W. W. (11 January 2018). "Brief communication: The Khurdopin glacier surge revisited – extreme flow velocities and formation of a dammed lake in 2017". The Cryosphere. 12 (1): 95–101. Bibcode:2018TCry...12...95S. doi:10.5194/tc-12-95-2018. ISSN 1994-0424.
  11. ^ "When Glaciers and Rivers Collide". earthobservatory.nasa.gov. 9 August 2017.
  12. ^ Hussain, Shafqat (2015). "Remoteness and Modernity: Transformation and Continuity in Northern Pakistan". Yale Agrarian Studies Series. Yale University Press: 1–20. ISBN 978-0-300-20555-8. JSTOR j.ctt1bh4cs8. Retrieved 4 June 2024.
  13. ^ Abidi-Habib, Mehjabeen; Lawrence, Anna (2007). "Revolt and Remember: How the Shimshal Nature Trust Develops and Sustains Social-Ecological Resilience in Northern Pakistan". Ecology and Society. 12 (2). doi:10.5751/ES-02246-120235. hdl:10535/3032. ISSN 1708-3087. JSTOR 26267888. Retrieved 4 June 2024.
  14. ^ Shafiq, Nadeem. "The Wakhi Community Settlements in Northern Pakistan" (PDF). Journal of Political Studies. Islamabad: Punjab University: 64–77. Retrieved 4 June 2024.
  15. ^ Abidi-Habib, Mehjabeen; Lawrence, Anna (2007). "Revolt and Remember: How the Shimshal Nature Trust Develops and Sustains Social-Ecological Resilience in Northern Pakistan". Ecology and Society. 12 (2). doi:10.5751/ES-02246-120235. hdl:10535/3032. ISSN 1708-3087. JSTOR 26267888.
  16. ^ "Science and Practice of Ecology and Society Award for Shimshal". PAMIR TIMES. 25 January 2008. Retrieved 24 April 2022.
  17. ^ "[Feature] Nomus: A unique model of social philanthopy". PAMIR TIMES. 15 November 2009. Retrieved 24 April 2022.
  18. ^ "Mountain Voices: oral testimonies from the Karakorum mountains, Pakistan: local themes: development". mountainvoices.org. Retrieved 24 April 2022.
  19. ^ "Self-Help Village Development Programme".
  20. ^ "archives".
  21. ^ "Home -". www.gomo.pk.
  22. ^ "Brand Ambassador". SCO. Retrieved 24 April 2022.
  23. ^ "Pakistan's female mountaineering pioneer". The Third Pole. 2 July 2018. Retrieved 24 April 2022.
  24. ^ "Samina Baig embarks on the journey to the world's second highest peak, K2". Daily Times. 17 June 2021. Retrieved 24 April 2022.
  25. ^ Jajja, Sumaira (29 August 2014). "Of women, mountains, equality and success". DAWN.COM. Retrieved 24 April 2022.
  26. ^ "Pakistani mountaineer Abdul Joshi summits Mount Everest". The News International. 16 May 2022. Retrieved 10 August 2022.
[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shimshal&oldid=1257381561"