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Coordinates: 63°45′N 022°45′E / 63.750°N 22.750°E / 63.750; 22.750
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{{Infobox Finnish Municipality
{{expand Finnish|date=February 2024|topic=geo}}
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'''Larsmo''' ({{langx|fi|Luoto}}, {{IPA|fi|ˈluo̯to|lang}}) is a [[municipality]] in [[Finland]], located on the west coast of the country. Larsmo is situated in [[Ostrobothnia (region)|Ostrobothnia]], along the [[Gulf of Bothnia]]. The population of Larsmo is approximately {{formatnum:{{#expr:{{Data Finland municipality/population count|{{PAGENAME}}}}round -3}}}}, while the [[Jakobstad sub-region|sub-region]] has a population of approximately {{formatnum: {{#expr: {{Data Finland municipality/population count|Kronoby}} + {{Data Finland municipality/population count|Larsmo}} + {{Data Finland municipality/population count|Pedersöre}} + {{Data Finland municipality/population count|Jakobstad}} + {{Data Finland municipality/population count|Nykarleby}}round -3}}}}. It is the {{ordinal|{{Data Finland municipality/population count sequence|{{PAGENAME}}}}}} most populous [[Municipalities of Finland|municipality]] in Finland.
'''Larsmo''' ({{lang-fi|Luoto}}) is a [[municipalities of Finland|municipality]] of [[Finland]], located in the [[Ostrobothnia (region)|Ostrobothnia]] [[regions of Finland|region]].


"Larsmo" is also the name of one of the villages in the municipality of Larsmo. The municipality is bilingual with [[Finland-Swedish|Swedish]] as the majority language and [[Finnish language|Finnish]] as the minority language.<ref>[http://yle.fi/uutiset/korsnasista_ja_luodosta_kaksikieliset_kunnat/7713037 Korsnäsista ja Luodosta kaksikieliset kunnat], YLE 30 December 2014, accessed 1 January 2015.</ref> Until 2014 Swedish was Larsmo's only official language. The municipality consists of an [[archipelago]] of about 360 islands and numerous [[Skerry|skerries]]. The length of the coastline is about {{convert|500|km}}. Lake Larsmo (''{{lang|sv|Larsmosjön}}''), which is Finland's largest artificial [[fresh water]] lake is also located in the municipality.
Larsmo consists of an [[archipelago]] of about 360 islands and numerous [[Skerry|skerries]]. The length of the coastline is about {{convert|500|km}}. Lake Larsmo (''{{lang|sv|Larsmosjön}}''), which is Finland's largest artificial [[fresh water]] lake, is also located in the municipality. Larsmo covers an area of {{convert|{{Data Finland municipality/total area|Larsmo}}|km2}} of which {{convert|{{Data Finland municipality/waters area|Larsmo}}|km2|abbr=on}} is water. The [[population density]] is {{convert|{{Data Finland municipality/population density|Larsmo|round=2}}|PD/km2}}.


Larsmo is a [[bilingual]] municipality with [[Finnish language|Finnish]] and [[Swedish language|Swedish]] as its official languages. The population consists of {{Formatnum: {{pct|{{Data Finland municipality/native language Finnish|Larsmo}}|{{Data Finland municipality/native language total|Larsmo}}|0}}}} Finnish speakers, {{Formatnum: {{pct|{{Data Finland municipality/native language Swedish|Larsmo}}|{{Data Finland municipality/native language total|Larsmo}}|0}}}} Swedish speakers, and {{Formatnum: {{pct|{{Data Finland municipality/native language other|Larsmo}}|{{Data Finland municipality/native language total|Larsmo}}|0}}}} speakers of other languages. Prior to 2014, Swedish was the sole official language of Larsmo.
The municipality has a population of {{formatnum: {{Infobox Finnish Municipality/population count|Larsmo}}}} ({{#time: j F Y|{{Infobox Finnish Municipality/population count|sourcedate}} }})<ref name="population_count" /> and covers an area of {{convert|{{Infobox Finnish Municipality/total area|Larsmo}}|km2}} of which {{convert|{{Infobox Finnish Municipality/waters area|Larsmo}}|km2|abbr=on}} is water. The [[population density]] is {{convert|{{Infobox Finnish Municipality/population density|Larsmo|round=2}}|PD/km2}}. The municipality is known for its anti-vaccine population, who frequently expose the country to contagious, otherwise preventable disease.<ref>[https://www.hs.fi/kotimaa/art-2000005915918.html]</ref>

''Larsmo'' is also the name of one of the villages in the municipality of Larsmo.


==History==
==History==
The land, which was to become Larsmo rose from the sea some 2,000 years ago, due to [[post-glacial rebound]]. Today the municipality consists of more than 360 islands.
The land which was to become Larsmo rose from the sea some 2,000 years ago, due to [[post-glacial rebound]]. Today the municipality consists of more than 360 islands.

The name ''Larsmo'' was first recorded around 1375 as ''Lamershamby'' and later ''Larismo'' (1544), ''Larsmoo'', ''Larsmo'' (1546), and ''Larismo by'' (1548).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Huldén |first=Lars |url=https://bebyggelsenamn.sls.fi/bebyggelsenamn/2552/larsmo-larsmo/ |title=Larsmo Larsmo, Österbotten |publisher=[[Society of Swedish Literature in Finland]] |language=sv}}</ref>


The administrative municipality Larsmo was founded in 1867, having previously belonged to the [[parish]] of [[Pedersöre]]. [[Hunting]], [[fishing]] and [[agriculture]] used to be important sources of income. However, industry and service have now taken over since the changes of agriculture nowadays require larger farms to be profitable. The businesses are mainly influenced by the strong traditions of [[craft]]ing or [[boat building]].
The administrative municipality Larsmo was founded in 1867, having previously belonged to the [[parish]] of [[Pedersöre]]. [[Hunting]], [[fishing]] and [[agriculture]] used to be important sources of income. However, industry and service have now taken over since the changes of agriculture nowadays require larger farms to be profitable. The businesses are mainly influenced by the strong traditions of [[craft]]ing or [[boat building]].


=== Finnish independence movement ===
The municipality came to play an interesting role in the Finnish independence-movement. During the dark autumn night of December 6, 1905, the steamer [[S/S John Grafton|S/S ''John Grafton'']] sailed into the Larsmo archipelago with its cargo of weapons, meant to be used for the independence movement in Finland and the revolutionary attempts in Russia. The cargo was unloaded and transported away with the help of the local population. However, the ship ran aground when the ship was heading out to sea. The crew decided to blow up the ship before the Russian guards would find it. The crew fled to Sweden with some smaller sailing vessels and the ship was blown up on December 8. News about the mystical ship spread around the world, and were mentioned in i.e. ''[[The Times]]'', ''[[Deutsche Tageblatt]]'' and the ''[[Daily Mail]]''. This incident is often counted as the first attempt for a free Finland and to obtain independence from Russia. [[S/S Equity|S/S ''Equity'']], another ship, loaded with weapons, also unloaded its cargo in the Larsmo archipelago, and a memorial plate is now in place at the Tolvmangrundet island.
The municipality came to play an interesting role in the Finnish independence-movement. During the dark autumn night of December 6, 1905, the steamer [[SS John Grafton|SS ''John Grafton'']] sailed into the Larsmo archipelago with its cargo of weapons, meant to be used for the [[Independence of Finland|independence movement]] in Finland and the revolutionary attempts in Russia. The cargo was unloaded and transported away with the help of the local population. However, the ship ran aground when the ship was heading out to sea. The crew decided to blow up the ship before the Russian guards would find it. The crew fled to Sweden with some smaller sailing vessels and the ship was blown up on December 8.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fellman |first=Ida |date=24 October 2017 |title=Ofärdsåren och affären John Grafton |url=https://svenska.yle.fi/a/7-885229 |access-date=7 January 2024 |website=[[Yle]] |language=sv}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Larsmo kommun - Turism - John Grafton |url=http://www.larsmo.fi/document.asp?id=1gkmyids3cd |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929072348/http://www.larsmo.fi/document.asp?id=1gkmyids3cd |archive-date=29 September 2007 |access-date=7 January 2024 |website=Municipality of Larsmo |language=sv}}</ref> The news soon spread around the world and was mentioned in a number of newspapers. This incident is often counted as the first attempt for a free Finland and to obtain independence from Russia. There is a monument on Orrskär.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sights |url=https://larsmo.fi/en/tourism/sights/ |access-date=7 January 2024 |website=Municipality of Larsmo}}</ref> [[SS Equity|SS ''Equity'']], another ship, loaded with weapons, also unloaded its cargo in the Larsmo archipelago,<ref>{{Cite video |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h9ZH_UWy5qY |title=Fartyget s/s Equity och dess befälhavare |last=Barck |first=Berndt |language=sv-fi |year=2017}}</ref> and a memorial plate is now in place at the Tolvmangrundet island.

=== Emigration ===
Emigrants from Larsmo founded the town of [[Larsmont, Minnesota]], in the United States in the early 1900s. They originally requested to name the town Larsmo, but railroad officials did not approve and instead chose the name Larsmont.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sundman |first=Sara |date=24 December 2017 |title=Följ med HBL till finlandssvenska Larsmont i Minnesota! |url=https://www.hbl.fi/artikel/13be8c4c-c90e-4f32-a4eb-3088be7db473 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220618073102/https://www.hbl.fi/artikel/13be8c4c-c90e-4f32-a4eb-3088be7db473 |archive-date=18 June 2022 |access-date=18 June 2022 |website=[[Hufvudstadsbladet]] |language=sv-FI}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Alanen |first=Arnold R. |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/769430592 |title=Finns in Minnesota |date=2012 |publisher=Minnesota Historical Society Press |isbn=978-0-87351-854-3 |location=St. Paul, MN |oclc=769430592}}</ref>


==Coat-of-arms==
==Coat-of-arms==
The municipal [[coat-of-arms]] was officially approved in 1952. It has been designed by [[Gustav von Numers]] and depicts a two-masted ''skötbåt'' in silver on a blue shield (a ''{{lang|sv|skötbåt}}'' is a traditional fishing vessel which could be sailed or rowed). The coat-of-arms symolizes the boatbuilding and fishing traditions in the municipality.
The municipal [[coat-of-arms]] was officially approved in 1952. It has been designed by [[Gustav von Numers]] and depicts a two-masted {{Lang|sv|skötbåt}} in silver on a blue shield (a ''{{lang|sv|skötbåt}}'' is a traditional fishing vessel which could be sailed or rowed). The coat-of-arms symbolizes the boat-building and fishing traditions in the municipality.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History |url=https://larsmo.fi/en/municipality/facts-about-larsmo/history/ |access-date=7 January 2024 |website=Municipality of Larsmo}}</ref>


==Settlements==
==Religion==
Prominent religious movements in the region are the [[Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland]], [[Laestadianism]] (the Word of Peace tendency), as well as a smaller number of [[Baptists in Finland|Baptists]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 November 2023 |title=Väckelse och båtliv i Larsmo |url=https://www.abo.fi/centret-for-livslangt-larande/vackelse-och-batliv-i-larsmo/ |access-date=25 February 2024 |website=[[Åbo Akademi]] |language=sv}}</ref> Larsmo has traditionally had the country's highest [[fertility rate]] – 3.4 in a 2013–2015 study<ref>{{Cite web |title=Svenskspråkigas fruktsamhet i Finland: Vilka är skillnaderna mellan språkgrupperna? |url=https://agenda.fi/publikation/svensksprakigas-fruktsamhet-i-finland/ |access-date=2024-02-26 |website=Tankesmedjan Agenda |language=sv}}</ref> – due to the influence of Laestadianism.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Finnäs |first=Fjalar |date=1991 |title=Fertility in Larsmo: The Effect of Laestadianism |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2174787 |journal=[[Population Studies]] |volume=45 |issue=2 |pages=339–351 |issn=0032-4728}}</ref>
The two largest islands are called ''Larsmo'' and ''Eugmo'', and these two islands also make up the two administrative villages of the municipality. Larger settlements are ''Risö häll'', ''Holm'', ''Eugmo'' and ''Bosund''. The church village is called ''Fagernäs'' and is located on the Larsmo island.


==Politics==
==Settlements==
The two largest islands are called Larsmo and Eugmo, and these two islands also make up the two administrative villages of the municipality. Other larger settlements are Risöhäll, Holm, Eugmo, and Bosund. The church village is called Fagernäs and is located on the Larsmo island.
Results of the [[2011 Finnish parliamentary election]] in Larsmo:


==Economy==
*[[Christian Democrats (Finland)|Christian Democrats]] 42.7%
The municipality has always been connected to ship-building and still is.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Bosund båt-, fiske och jaktmuseum |url=https://www.museiportalosterbotten.fi/museum-a-o/museum/45-bosund-bat-fiske-och-jaktmuseum |access-date=7 January 2024 |website=Österbottens Museiportal |language=sv}}</ref> Among the more well-known ship-building companies are [[Baltic Yachts]], which builds high-tech sailing yachts in carbon fiber, as well as [[Bella boats]].
*[[Swedish People's Party]] 37.3%
*[[Social Democratic Party (Finland)|Social Democratic Party]] 13.8%
*[[True Finns]] 2.8%
*[[National Coalition Party]] 0.9%
*[[Centre Party (Finland)|Centre Party]] 0.8%
*[[Left Alliance (Finland)|Left Alliance]] 0.8%
*[[Green League]] 0.4%


Larsmo has one of the lowest unemployment rates in Finland.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Larsmo siktar på att fortsätta växa |url=https://kommuntorget.fi/blogg/2019/11/larsmo-siktar-pa-att-fortsatta-vaxa/ |access-date=9 August 2023 |website=Kommuntorget.fi |language=sv-SE}}</ref>
==Business==
The municipality has always been connected to ship building and still is. Among the more famous ones are [[Baltic Yachts]], the world's leading constructor of high-tech sailing yachts in carbon fiber, as well as [[Bella boats]].


==Culture==
==Culture==
[[File:Luoto library 20190606.jpg|thumb|A library in Larsmo.]]
A number of cultural events are held every summer in the municipality. A small jazz festival, called ''Föusjazz'' ("barn jazz") is arranged every summer at the stone barn in Fagernäs. Many famous jazz artists have appeared at the festival. Many events are also held at Köpmanholmen and at Bjärgas hembygdsgård. A fish market is held every summer at the fishing harbour in Bosund.
A number of cultural events are held every summer in the municipality. A small jazz festival, called {{Lang|sv|Föusjazz}} ('barn jazz'), is arranged every summer at the stone barn in Fagernäs. Many famous jazz artists have appeared at the festival. Many events are also held at Köpmanholmen and at Bjärgas hembygdsgård. A fish market is held every summer at the fishing harbour in Bosund.


There are two museums in the municipality. The previously mentioned Bjärgas hembygdsgård is displaying how the rural society was in the 1930s and also how a countryside shop looked like in the 1950s. The Bosund boat and fishing museum (Bosund båt- och fiskemuseum) displays older boats and fishing and hunting equipment. The exhibit ''Terra Mare'' at Köpmanholmen shows how [[post-glacial rebound]] has affected the coastal landscape.
There are two museums in the municipality. The previously mentioned Bjärgas hembygdsgård is an [[open-air museum]] portraying rural society in the 1930s and also a countryside shop from the 1950s.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bjärgas hembygdsgård |url=https://www.museiportalosterbotten.fi/museum-a-o/museum/4-bjargas-hembygdsgard |access-date=7 January 2024 |website=Österbottens Museiportal |language=sv}}</ref> The Bosund Boat, Fishing and Hunting Museum ({{Lang|sv|Bosund Båt-, Fiske- och Jaktmuseum}}) displays older boats and fishing and hunting equipment.<ref name=":0" /> The exhibit ''Terra Mare'' at Köpmanholmen shows how [[post-glacial rebound]] has affected the coastal landscape.


The two libraries in Holm and in Bosund are serving the inhabitants of the municipality. Further there are two more school libraries, one in Risö and one in Näs.
The two libraries in Holm and in Bosund serve the inhabitants of the municipality. Further, there are four school libraries: Risö, Näs, Holm, and Cronhjelm School libraries.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bibliotek |url=https://larsmo.fi/kultur-och-fritid/bibliotek/ |access-date=7 January 2024 |website=Municipality of Larsmo |language=sv}}</ref>


==Communications==
==Transportation==
;Roads
;Roads
Larsmo is located between the cities of [[Jakobstad]] in the south and [[Kokkola]] in the north. The lively trafficked Seven Bridges' Road (''{{lang|sv|De sju broarnas väg}}'') goes through Larsmo and connects the municipality with the mainland. The road's official designation is Regional Road 749.
Larsmo is located between the cities of [[Jakobstad]] in the south and [[Kokkola]] in the north. The lively trafficked Seven Bridges' Road (''{{lang|sv|De sju broarnas väg}}'') goes through Larsmo and connects the municipality with the mainland. The road's official designation is Regional Road 749.


;Buses
;Buses
The [[Haldin & Rose]] bus company has a number of lines going through the municipality.
The [[INGSVA]] (previously: ''Haldin & Rose'') bus company has a number of lines going through the municipality.


;Railroad
;Railroad
Line 129: Line 116:


;Ferries
;Ferries
The closest ferry route to Sweden is [[RG Line]] from [[Vaasa]] in [[Finland]] to [[Umeå]] in [[Sweden]]. [[Jakob Lines]], which went from Jakobstad and Kokkola, ceased their activities in 1999.
The closest ferry route to Sweden is [[Wasaline]] from [[Vaasa]] in [[Finland]] to [[Umeå]] in [[Sweden]]. [[Jakob Lines]], which went from Jakobstad and Kokkola, ceased activity in 1999.


==Recreation==
==Recreation==
There are a lot of paved pedestrian roads in the municipality. There are walking paths of different lengths in Holm (8 and 13&nbsp;km), as well as in Fagernäs (5&nbsp;km), Bosund (8&nbsp;km) and on Öuran (5.7&nbsp;km).
There are a number of paved pedestrian roads in the municipality. There are walking paths of different lengths in Holm (8 and 13&nbsp;km), as well as in Fagernäs (5&nbsp;km), Bosund (8&nbsp;km) and on Öuran (5.7&nbsp;km).


The winter sports are concentrated to Holm where there are 5.5&nbsp;km of skiing paths as well as facilities for [[biathlon]]. Ice hockey rinks are located in Risö, Holm, Näs and Bosund.
The winter sports are concentrated to Holm where there are 5.5&nbsp;km of skiing paths as well as facilities for [[biathlon]]. Ice hockey rinks are located in Risö, Holm, Näs and Bosund.


There are nine un-supervised beaches in the municipality: Vikarholmen, Assarskär, Fagernäs, Kackur, Sonamo, Köpmanholmen, Annäsgrundet, Svennasminne och Brännbacka. Most of them have dressing rooms, toilets and life saving equipment.
There are nine un-supervised beaches in the municipality: Vikarholmen, Assarskär, Fagernäs, Kackur, Sonamo, Köpmanholmen, Annäsgrundet, Svennasminne and Brännbacka. Most of them have dressing rooms, toilets and life-saving equipment.


==Sports==
==Sports==
The soccer club [[Larsmo bollklubb]] was founded in 1952 and is currently playing in Division 4, where they usually are located among the top teams. The ice hockey team [[IF Pucken]] is currently playing in Division 3.
The soccer club [[Larsmo bollklubb]] was founded in 1952 and is currently in Division 4.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Historia |url=https://www.larsmobk.fi/?page_id=681 |access-date=7 January 2024 |website=LBK}}</ref> The ice hockey team [[IF Pucken]] is currently playing in Division 3.{{Cn|date=February 2024}}


==Attractions==
==Attractions==
*The archipelago
*The archipelago
*[[Larsmo church]], which was constructed in 1787, and designed by [[Jakob Rijf]].
*[[Larsmo church]], which was constructed in 1787, and designed by [[Jakob Rijf]]
*The [[S/S John Grafton|Grafton monument]]
*The [[S/S John Grafton|Grafton monument]]
*[[Köpmanholmen]]
*Köpmanholmen

==Religions==
* [[Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland]]
* [[Laestadianism]]
* [[Conservative Laestadianism]]


==Twin towns==
==Twin towns==
*{{flag|Norway}}: [[Klæbu]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vennskapskommunesamarbeid: Larsmo kommune, Finland og Klæbu kommune, Norge |url=https://trondheimsregionen.no/wp-content/uploads/images/stories/Mter_2010/Trondheimsregionen_10/10-06b_Klabu-Larsmo.pdf |url-status= |access-date=7 January 2024 |website=Trondheimsregionen |language=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Larsmo satsar på barnfamiljerna |url=https://svenska.yle.fi/a/7-1001035 |access-date=7 January 2024 |website=[[Yle]] |language=sv-fi}}</ref>
*{{flag|Norway}}: [[Klæbu]]
*{{flag|Sweden}}: [[Malå Municipality|Malå]]
*{{flag|Sweden}}: [[Malå Municipality|Malå]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vänort |url=https://www.mala.se/kommun-och-politik/projekt-och-samarbeten/vanort/ |access-date=2024-01-07 |website=Malå Kommun |language=sv-se}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
Line 161: Line 143:
==External links==
==External links==
{{commons category|Larsmo}}
{{commons category|Larsmo}}
*[http://www.larsmo.fi/ Municipality of Larsmo] – Official website
*{{Official website|http://www.larsmo.fi/|name=Municipality of Larsmo}} – Official website
*[http://www.norrasvenska.fi/larsmosjon/ Lake Larsmo]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20050428024710/http://www.norrasvenska.fi/larsmosjon/ Lake Larsmo]
*[http://www.kahlsved.com/larsmo_s/ourans_fiskarby,_panorama_x_5/ourans_fiskarby,_panorama_x_5.html A panoramic picture from the Öuran island]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080921214149/http://www.kahlsved.com/larsmo_s/ourans_fiskarby,_panorama_x_5/ourans_fiskarby,_panorama_x_5.html A panoramic picture from the Öuran island]
*[http://www.kahlsved.com/larsmo_s/john_grafton_monumentet,_orrskar/john_grafton_monumentet,_orrskar.html Picture of the Grafton monument]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070927154714/http://www.kahlsved.com/larsmo_s/john_grafton_monumentet,_orrskar/john_grafton_monumentet,_orrskar.html Picture of the Grafton monument]

{{Geographic location
| Centre = Larsmo
| N = ''[[Bothnian Bay]]''
| E = [[Kokkola]] ([[Central Ostrobothnia]])
| SE = [[Kronoby]]
| S = [[Jakobstad]], [[Pedersöre]]
| W = ''[[Kvarken]]''
}}
{{Ostrobothnia}}


{{authority control}}
{{ostrobothnia}}


[[Category:Municipalities of Ostrobothnia (region)]]
[[Category:Municipalities of Ostrobothnia (region)]]

Latest revision as of 10:36, 10 November 2024

"Luoto" redirects here. For the surname, see Luoto (surname).
Larsmo
Larsmo – Luoto
Municipality
Larsmo kommun
Luodon kunta
Larsmo Church
Larsmo Church
Coat of arms of Larsmo
Coat of arms
Location of Larsmo in Finland
Location of Larsmo in Finland
Coordinates: 63°45′N 022°45′E / 63.750°N 22.750°E / 63.750; 22.750
CountryFinland
RegionOstrobothnia
Sub-regionJakobstad sub-region
Charter1867
Government
 • Municipal managerGun Kapténs
Area
 (2018-01-01)[1]
 • Total
853.28 km2 (329.45 sq mi)
 • Land142.74 km2 (55.11 sq mi)
 • Water711.07 km2 (274.55 sq mi)
 • Rank283rd largest in Finland
Population
 (2024-10-31)[2]
 • Total
5,876
 • Rank154th largest in Finland
 • Density41.17/km2 (106.6/sq mi)
Population by native language
[3]
 • Swedish91.5% (official)
 • Finnish5.2%
 • Others3.3%
Population by age
[4]
 • 0 to 1429.4%
 • 15 to 6456%
 • 65 or older14.7%
Time zoneUTC+02:00 (EET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+03:00 (EEST)

Larsmo (Finnish: Luoto, Finnish: [ˈluo̯to]) is a municipality in Finland, located on the west coast of the country. Larsmo is situated in Ostrobothnia, along the Gulf of Bothnia. The population of Larsmo is approximately 6,000, while the sub-region has a population of approximately 50,000. It is the 154th most populous municipality in Finland.

Larsmo consists of an archipelago of about 360 islands and numerous skerries. The length of the coastline is about 500 kilometres (310 mi). Lake Larsmo (Larsmosjön), which is Finland's largest artificial fresh water lake, is also located in the municipality. Larsmo covers an area of 853.28 square kilometres (329.45 sq mi) of which 711.07 km2 (274.55 sq mi) is water. The population density is 41.17 inhabitants per square kilometre (106.6/sq mi).

Larsmo is a bilingual municipality with Finnish and Swedish as its official languages. The population consists of 5% Finnish speakers, 92% Swedish speakers, and 3% speakers of other languages. Prior to 2014, Swedish was the sole official language of Larsmo.

Larsmo is also the name of one of the villages in the municipality of Larsmo.

History

[edit]

The land which was to become Larsmo rose from the sea some 2,000 years ago, due to post-glacial rebound. Today the municipality consists of more than 360 islands.

The name Larsmo was first recorded around 1375 as Lamershamby and later Larismo (1544), Larsmoo, Larsmo (1546), and Larismo by (1548).[6]

The administrative municipality Larsmo was founded in 1867, having previously belonged to the parish of Pedersöre. Hunting, fishing and agriculture used to be important sources of income. However, industry and service have now taken over since the changes of agriculture nowadays require larger farms to be profitable. The businesses are mainly influenced by the strong traditions of crafting or boat building.

Finnish independence movement

[edit]

The municipality came to play an interesting role in the Finnish independence-movement. During the dark autumn night of December 6, 1905, the steamer SS John Grafton sailed into the Larsmo archipelago with its cargo of weapons, meant to be used for the independence movement in Finland and the revolutionary attempts in Russia. The cargo was unloaded and transported away with the help of the local population. However, the ship ran aground when the ship was heading out to sea. The crew decided to blow up the ship before the Russian guards would find it. The crew fled to Sweden with some smaller sailing vessels and the ship was blown up on December 8.[7][8] The news soon spread around the world and was mentioned in a number of newspapers. This incident is often counted as the first attempt for a free Finland and to obtain independence from Russia. There is a monument on Orrskär.[9] SS Equity, another ship, loaded with weapons, also unloaded its cargo in the Larsmo archipelago,[10] and a memorial plate is now in place at the Tolvmangrundet island.

Emigration

[edit]

Emigrants from Larsmo founded the town of Larsmont, Minnesota, in the United States in the early 1900s. They originally requested to name the town Larsmo, but railroad officials did not approve and instead chose the name Larsmont.[11][12]

Coat-of-arms

[edit]

The municipal coat-of-arms was officially approved in 1952. It has been designed by Gustav von Numers and depicts a two-masted skötbåt in silver on a blue shield (a skötbåt is a traditional fishing vessel which could be sailed or rowed). The coat-of-arms symbolizes the boat-building and fishing traditions in the municipality.[13]

Religion

[edit]

Prominent religious movements in the region are the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland, Laestadianism (the Word of Peace tendency), as well as a smaller number of Baptists.[14] Larsmo has traditionally had the country's highest fertility rate – 3.4 in a 2013–2015 study[15] – due to the influence of Laestadianism.[16]

Settlements

[edit]

The two largest islands are called Larsmo and Eugmo, and these two islands also make up the two administrative villages of the municipality. Other larger settlements are Risöhäll, Holm, Eugmo, and Bosund. The church village is called Fagernäs and is located on the Larsmo island.

Economy

[edit]

The municipality has always been connected to ship-building and still is.[17] Among the more well-known ship-building companies are Baltic Yachts, which builds high-tech sailing yachts in carbon fiber, as well as Bella boats.

Larsmo has one of the lowest unemployment rates in Finland.[18]

Culture

[edit]
A library in Larsmo.

A number of cultural events are held every summer in the municipality. A small jazz festival, called Föusjazz ('barn jazz'), is arranged every summer at the stone barn in Fagernäs. Many famous jazz artists have appeared at the festival. Many events are also held at Köpmanholmen and at Bjärgas hembygdsgård. A fish market is held every summer at the fishing harbour in Bosund.

There are two museums in the municipality. The previously mentioned Bjärgas hembygdsgård is an open-air museum portraying rural society in the 1930s and also a countryside shop from the 1950s.[19] The Bosund Boat, Fishing and Hunting Museum (Bosund Båt-, Fiske- och Jaktmuseum) displays older boats and fishing and hunting equipment.[17] The exhibit Terra Mare at Köpmanholmen shows how post-glacial rebound has affected the coastal landscape.

The two libraries in Holm and in Bosund serve the inhabitants of the municipality. Further, there are four school libraries: Risö, Näs, Holm, and Cronhjelm School libraries.[20]

Transportation

[edit]
Roads

Larsmo is located between the cities of Jakobstad in the south and Kokkola in the north. The lively trafficked Seven Bridges' Road (De sju broarnas väg) goes through Larsmo and connects the municipality with the mainland. The road's official designation is Regional Road 749.

Buses

The INGSVA (previously: Haldin & Rose) bus company has a number of lines going through the municipality.

Railroad

There is no railroad in the municipality. The closest stops are located in Bennäs or Kokkola.

Airports

The closest airports are Kokkola-Pietarsaari Airport, which is about 30 km (20 mi) from Holm, and the Vaasa Airport, which lies about 120 km (75 mi) away. There is also a small field for ultra-light aircraft in Bosund.

Ferries

The closest ferry route to Sweden is Wasaline from Vaasa in Finland to Umeå in Sweden. Jakob Lines, which went from Jakobstad and Kokkola, ceased activity in 1999.

Recreation

[edit]

There are a number of paved pedestrian roads in the municipality. There are walking paths of different lengths in Holm (8 and 13 km), as well as in Fagernäs (5 km), Bosund (8 km) and on Öuran (5.7 km).

The winter sports are concentrated to Holm where there are 5.5 km of skiing paths as well as facilities for biathlon. Ice hockey rinks are located in Risö, Holm, Näs and Bosund.

There are nine un-supervised beaches in the municipality: Vikarholmen, Assarskär, Fagernäs, Kackur, Sonamo, Köpmanholmen, Annäsgrundet, Svennasminne and Brännbacka. Most of them have dressing rooms, toilets and life-saving equipment.

Sports

[edit]

The soccer club Larsmo bollklubb was founded in 1952 and is currently in Division 4.[21] The ice hockey team IF Pucken is currently playing in Division 3.[citation needed]

Attractions

[edit]

Twin towns

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Area of Finnish Municipalities 1.1.2018" (PDF). National Land Survey of Finland. Retrieved 30 January 2018.
  2. ^ "Finland's preliminary population figure was 5,635,560 at the end of October 2024". Population structure. Statistics Finland. 2024-11-19. ISSN 1797-5395. Retrieved 2024-11-22.
  3. ^ "Population growth biggest in nearly 70 years". Population structure. Statistics Finland. 2024-04-26. ISSN 1797-5395. Retrieved 2024-04-29.
  4. ^ "Population according to age (1-year) and sex by area and the regional division of each statistical reference year, 2003–2020". StatFin. Statistics Finland. Retrieved 2 May 2021.
  5. ^ a b "Luettelo kuntien ja seurakuntien tuloveroprosenteista vuonna 2023". Tax Administration of Finland. 14 November 2022. Retrieved 7 May 2023.
  6. ^ Huldén, Lars. Larsmo Larsmo, Österbotten (in Swedish). Society of Swedish Literature in Finland.
  7. ^ Fellman, Ida (24 October 2017). "Ofärdsåren och affären John Grafton". Yle (in Swedish). Retrieved 7 January 2024.
  8. ^ "Larsmo kommun - Turism - John Grafton". Municipality of Larsmo (in Swedish). Archived from the original on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 7 January 2024.
  9. ^ "Sights". Municipality of Larsmo. Retrieved 7 January 2024.
  10. ^ Barck, Berndt (2017). Fartyget s/s Equity och dess befälhavare (in Swedish).
  11. ^ Sundman, Sara (24 December 2017). "Följ med HBL till finlandssvenska Larsmont i Minnesota!". Hufvudstadsbladet (in Swedish). Archived from the original on 18 June 2022. Retrieved 18 June 2022.
  12. ^ Alanen, Arnold R. (2012). Finns in Minnesota. St. Paul, MN: Minnesota Historical Society Press. ISBN 978-0-87351-854-3. OCLC 769430592.
  13. ^ "History". Municipality of Larsmo. Retrieved 7 January 2024.
  14. ^ "Väckelse och båtliv i Larsmo". Åbo Akademi (in Swedish). 1 November 2023. Retrieved 25 February 2024.
  15. ^ "Svenskspråkigas fruktsamhet i Finland: Vilka är skillnaderna mellan språkgrupperna?". Tankesmedjan Agenda (in Swedish). Retrieved 2024-02-26.
  16. ^ Finnäs, Fjalar (1991). "Fertility in Larsmo: The Effect of Laestadianism". Population Studies. 45 (2): 339–351. ISSN 0032-4728.
  17. ^ a b "Bosund båt-, fiske och jaktmuseum". Österbottens Museiportal (in Swedish). Retrieved 7 January 2024.
  18. ^ "Larsmo siktar på att fortsätta växa". Kommuntorget.fi (in Swedish). Retrieved 9 August 2023.
  19. ^ "Bjärgas hembygdsgård". Österbottens Museiportal (in Swedish). Retrieved 7 January 2024.
  20. ^ "Bibliotek". Municipality of Larsmo (in Swedish). Retrieved 7 January 2024.
  21. ^ "Historia". LBK. Retrieved 7 January 2024.
  22. ^ "Vennskapskommunesamarbeid: Larsmo kommune, Finland og Klæbu kommune, Norge" (PDF). Trondheimsregionen (in Norwegian). Retrieved 7 January 2024.
  23. ^ "Larsmo satsar på barnfamiljerna". Yle (in Swedish). Retrieved 7 January 2024.
  24. ^ "Vänort". Malå Kommun (in Swedish). Retrieved 2024-01-07.
[edit]
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