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Coordinates: 41°00′N 29°00′E / 41.000°N 29.000°E / 41.000; 29.000
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{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement

| name = Marmara
| name = Marmara
| native_name = ''Marmara Bölgesi''
| native_name = ''Marmara Bölgesi''
| native_name_lang = tr
| native_name_lang = tr
| settlement_type = [[Regions of Turkey|Region of Turkey]]
| settlement_type = [[Regions of Turkey|Region]]
| image_skyline =
| image_skyline = {{multiple image|total_width=280px|perrow=1/2/2/1|border=infobox
| image_flag =
| image1 = Bosphorus Bridge (235499411).jpeg
| flag_size =
| alt1 = Bosphorus Bridge
| image_shield =
| image2 = Turkey-3019 - Hagia Sophia (2216460729).jpg
| shield_size =
| alt2 = Hagia Sophia
|blank_emblem_type =
| image3 = Maiden tower.JPG
| image_map = Marmara Region in Turkey.svg
| alt3 = Maiden Tower in Istanul
| map_caption =
| image4 = Istanbul asv2020-02 img61 Ortaköy Mosque.jpg
| motto =
| alt4 = Ortaköy Mosque in Istanbul
⚫
| image5 = View of Levent financial district from Istanbul Sapphire.jpg
⚫
| coordinates = {{Coord|41|00|N|29|00|E|type:adm1st_region:TR|display=it}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| alt5 = Levent financial district from Istanbul Sapphire
| subdivision_name = [[Turkey]]
| image6 = Istanbul asv2020-02 img47 Galata Tower.jpg
| seat_type = Capital
| alt6 = Galata towwer in Istanbul
⚫
}}
⚫
| seat = Istanbul
| parts_type = [[Provinces of Turkey|Provinces]]
| image_flag =
| parts_style = list
| flag_size =
| parts = 11
| image_shield =
| p1 = [[Balikesir]]
| shield_size =
| p2 = [[Bilecik]]
| blank_emblem_type =
| p3 = [[Bursa]]
| image_map = Marmara Region in Turkey.svg
| p4 = [[Canakkale]]
| map_caption =
| p5 = [[Edirne]]
| motto =
⚫
| coordinates = {{Coord|41|00|N|29|00|E|type:adm1st_region:TR|display=it}}
⚫
| p6 = [[Istanbul]]
| p7 = [[Kirklareli]]
| subdivision_type = Country
| p8 = [[Kocaeli Province|Kocaeli]]
| subdivision_name = [[Turkey]]
| p9 =
| seat_type = Capital
⚫
| seat = [[Istanbul]]
[[Sakarya Province|Sakarya]]
| p10 =
| parts_type = [[Provinces of Turkey|Provinces]]
⚫
| parts_style = list
[[Tekirdag]]
| p11 =
| parts = 11
⚫
| p1 = [[Balikesir]]
[[Yalova]]
| p12 =
| p2 = [[Bilecik]]
| p13 =
| p3 = [[Bursa]]
| p14 =
| p4 = [[Çanakkale Province|Çanakkale]]
| leader_party =
| p5 = [[Edirne]]
⚫
| p6 = [[Istanbul]]
| leader_title = [[List of current presidents of the regional councils of Turkey and the Corsican Assembly|President of the Regional Council]]
| leader_name = Tahir Büyükakın
| p7 = [[Kırklareli]]
| area_footnotes =
| p8 = [[Kocaeli Province|Kocaeli]]
| area_total_km2 = 67,000
| p9 = [[Sakarya Province|Sakarya]]
| area_land_km2 =
| p10 = [[Tekirdağ]]
| area_water_km2 =
| p11 = [[Yalova]]
| area_rank = 6th
| p12 =
| population_footnotes = (INSEE)
| p13 =
| population_total = 26,650,405
| p14 =
| population_as_of = Jan. 2021
| leader_party =
| population_density_km2 =
| leader_title =
| population_rank = 1st
| leader_name =
| population_demonym =
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 67,000
{{lang-tr|Marmaralı}}
| timezone1 = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| area_land_km2 =
| utc_offset1 = +03:00
| area_water_km2 =
| timezone1_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| area_rank = 6th
| utc_offset1_DST = +03:00
| population_footnotes = (INSEE)
| population_total = 27,050,405
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Gross regional product|GRP]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/regions/data/database|title = Database - Regions - Eurostat}}</ref>
| population_as_of = Jan. 2022
| blank_info_sec1 = [[List of Turkey regions and overseas collectivities by GDP|Ranked 1st]]
| population_density_km2 = auto
| blank1_name_sec1 = &nbsp;–Total
| population_rank = 1st
| blank1_info_sec1 = $582 billion / 1,405,514 milion (GDP PPP) in 2018
| population_demonym = {{langx|tr|Marmaralı}}
| blank2_name_sec1 = &nbsp;–Per capita
| demographics_type1 = GDP
| blank2_info_sec1 = €60,100 ($71,900)
| demographics1_footnotes = <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Statistics by Theme > National Accounts > Regional Accounts |url=https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/ilgosterge/?locale=tr |access-date=11 May 2023 |website=www.turkstat.gov.tr}}</ref>
⚫
| blank_name_sec2 = [[First level NUTS of the European Union#France|NUTS Region]]
|demographics1_title1 = Total
⚫
| blank_info_sec2 = TR1
|demographics1_info1 = US$ 367.040 billion (2022)
⚫
| website = {{url|https://marmara.gov.tr}}
| demographics1_title2 = Per capita
⚫
| iso_code = TR-IDF
|demographics1_info2 = US$ 13,569 (2022)
⚫
| footnotes =
| timezone1 = [[Turkish Time|TRT]]
| utc_offset1 = +03:00
| timezone1_DST = [[Turkish Time|TRT]]
| utc_offset1_DST = +03:00
⚫
| blank_name_sec2 = [[First level NUTS of the European Union#France|NUTS Region]]
| blank_info_sec2 = TR1
⚫
| website = {{url|https://marmara.gov.tr}}
| iso_code = TR-IDF
| footnotes =
}}
}}


The '''Marmara Region''' ([[Turkish language|Turkish]]: ''Marmara Bölgesi'') is a [[Geographical regions of Turkey|geographical region]] of [[Turkey]].
The '''Marmara Region''' ([[Turkish language|Turkish]]: ''Marmara Bölgesi'') is a [[Geographical regions of Turkey|geographical region]] of [[Turkey]].


Located in northwestern Turkey, it is bordered by [[Greece]] and the [[Aegean Sea]] to the west, [[Bulgaria]] and the [[Black Sea]] to the north, the [[Black Sea Region (geographical)|Black Sea Region]] to the east, and the [[Aegean Region (geographical)|Aegean Region]] to the south. At the center of the region is the [[Sea of Marmara]], which gives the region its name. The largest city in the region is [[Istanbul]].
Located in [[East Thrace]], it is bordered by [[Greece]] and the [[Aegean Sea]] to the west, [[Bulgaria]] and the [[Black Sea]] to the north, the [[Black Sea Region (geographical)|Black Sea Region]] to the east, and the [[Aegean Region (geographical)|Aegean Region]] to the south. At the center of the region is the [[Sea of Marmara]], which gives the region its name. The largest city in the region is [[Istanbul]]. Other big cities are [[Bursa]], [[İzmit]], [[Balıkesir]], [[Tekirdağ]], [[Çanakkale]] and [[Edirne]].


Among the seven geographical regions, the Marmara Region has the second-smallest area, yet the largest population; it is the most densely populated region in the country.
Among the seven geographical regions, the Marmara Region has the second-smallest area, yet the largest population; it is the most densely populated region in the country.

== Etymology ==
The name of the region comes from the Marmara Sea which is named after the Marmaros island, now connected to [[Balıkesir Province|Balıkesir]]. "Marmaros" means "marble" in Greek. This name was given to the island because of the significant amount of marble found there. Over time, this name also came to be used for the sea itself.

The [[Greeks]] named the Marmara Sea "Propontis" by combining two words: "pro" and "pontis". In [[Greek language|Greek]], "pro" means "before" and "pontis" means "sea." They chose this name because they used to sail on the [[Sea of Marmara]] to reach the [[Black Sea]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Importance of the Marmara Sea and Region for Turkey - Istanbul Property |url=https://istanbulproperty.com/blog/living-in-turkey/the-importance-of-the-marmara-sea-and-region-for-turkey |access-date=2023-11-09 |website=istanbulproperty.com}}</ref>[[File:Istanbul panorama (16293921746).jpg|thumb|Panorama of [[Istanbul]] taken from [[Galata Tower]]. From left to right you can see the asian side of the city, [[Topkapı Palace|Topkapi Palace]], [[Hagia Sophia]], the [[Blue Mosque, Istanbul|Blue Mosque]], [[Galata Bridge]] and the [[New Mosque, Istanbul|New Mosque]].]]
[[File:View of Bursa from the hills of Mount Uludag.jpg|thumb|View of [[Bursa]] from the hills near [[Uludağ|Mount Uludağ]], the ancient [[Mysia]]n [[Mount Olympus|Olympus]]]]
[[File:Izmit genel.jpg|thumb|[[İzmit|Izmit]] General View]]
[[File:Ayvalık, Balıkesir.jpg|thumb|[[Ayvalık]], [[Balıkesir]]]]
[[File:Havadan cnk.jpg|thumb|[[Çanakkale]]]]


== Subdivision ==
== Subdivision ==
* '''Çatalca - Kocaeli''' Section ({{lang-tr|Çatalca - Kocaeli Bölümü}})
* '''Çatalca - Kocaeli''' Section ({{langx|tr|Çatalca - Kocaeli Bölümü}})
** '''Adapazarı''' Area ({{lang-tr|Adapazarı Yöresi}})
** '''Adapazarı''' Area ({{langx|tr|Adapazarı Yöresi}})
** '''Istanbul''' Area ({{lang-tr|Istanbul Yöresi}})
** '''Istanbul''' Area ({{langx|tr|Istanbul Yöresi}})
* '''Ergene''' Section ({{lang-tr|Ergene Yöresi}})
* '''Ergene''' Section ({{langx|tr|Ergene Yöresi}})
* '''Southern Marmara''' Section ({{lang-tr|Güney Marmara Bölümü}})
* '''Southern Marmara''' Section ({{langx|tr|Güney Marmara Bölümü}})
** '''Biga - Gallipoli''' Area ({{lang-tr|Biga - Gelibolu Yöresi}})
** '''Biga - Gallipoli''' Area ({{langx|tr|Biga - Gelibolu Yöresi}})
** '''Bursa''' Area ({{lang-tr|BursaYöresi}})
** '''Bursa''' Area ({{langx|tr|Bursa Yöresi}})
** '''Karesi''' Area ({{lang-tr|Karesi Yöresi}})
** '''Karesi''' Area ({{langx|tr|Karesi Yöresi}})
** '''Samanlı''' Area ({{lang-tr|Samanlı Yöresi}})
** '''Samanlı''' Area ({{langx|tr|Samanlı Yöresi}})
* '''Yıldız''' Section ({{lang-tr|Yıldız Bölümü}})
* '''Yıldız''' Section ({{langx|tr|Yıldız Bölümü}})


== Ecoregions ==
== Ecoregions ==
Line 108: Line 125:


== Provinces ==
== Provinces ==
{{wide image|Istanbul panorama and skyline.jpg|800px|align-cap=center|Panoramic view of Istanbul}}

Provinces that are entirely in the Marmara Region:
Provinces that are entirely in the Marmara Region:


Line 124: Line 143:
* [[Çanakkale Province|Çanakkale]]
* [[Çanakkale Province|Çanakkale]]
* [[Sakarya Province|Sakarya]]
* [[Sakarya Province|Sakarya]]
{{wide image|20120604 Edirne view from the top of the Minaret of Selimiye Mosque Edirne Turkey Panoramic.jpg|800px|align-cap=center|Panoramic view of [[Edirne]] from [[Selimiye Mosque, Edirne|Selimiye Mosque]].}}

==Geography==
==Geography==
⚫
The [[Yıldız Mountains]] and [[Uludağ]] are in the Marmara Region. Islands in the Aegean Sea are [[Gökçeada]] and [[Bozcaada]], and in the Sea of Marmara are [[Marmara Island]], [[Avşa]], [[Paşalimanı]], [[İmralı]] and the [[Princes' Islands]] of [[Istanbul]].
{{climate chart
|[[İzmit]]
|3.4|9.6|95.3
|3.4|10.3|76.8
|5.0|13.1|71.2
|8.8|18.3|55.8
|12.8|23.1|45.0
|16.9|27.5|49.5
|19.2|29.4|42.6
|19.4|29.4|52.8
|16.0|25.7|51.2
|12.5|20.6|91.7
|8.3|15.7|88.5
|5.4|11.5|106.8
|float=right|clear=none
|source= Turkish State Meteorology <ref>[http://www.dmi.gov.tr/veridegerlendirme/il-ve-ilceler-istatistik.aspx?m=KOCAELI Turkish State Meteorology] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110313023338/http://www.dmi.gov.tr/veridegerlendirme/il-ve-ilceler-istatistik.aspx?m=KOCAELI |date=2011-03-13 }}</ref>
⚫
}}
⚫
The [[Yıldız Mountains]] and [[Uludağ]] are in the Marmara Region. Islands in the Aegean Sea are [[Gökçeada]] and [[Bozcaada]], and in the Sea of Marmara are [[Marmara Island]], [[Avşa]], [[Paşalimanı]], [[İmralı]] and the [[Princes Islands]] of [[Istanbul]].


===Climate===
===Climate===


The Marmara region has a hybrid [[mediterranean climate]]/[[humid subtropical climate]] on the Aegean Sea coast and the south Marmara Sea coast, an [[oceanic climate]] on the Black Sea coast and a [[humid continental climate]] in the interior. Summers are warm to hot and moderately dry whereas winters are cold and wet and sometimes snowy. The coastal climate keeps the temperatures relatively mild.
The Marmara region has a borderline [[mediterranean climate|Mediterranean]] and [[humid subtropical climate]] on the Aegean Sea and south Marmara Sea coasts, and an [[oceanic climate]] on the Black Sea coast. Summers are warm to hot and moderately dry whereas winters are cool, wet and sometimes snowy. The coastal climate keeps the temperatures relatively mild.


==See also==
==See also==
* [[East Thrace]]
* [[Sea of Marmara]]
* [[Dardanelles]]
* [[Bosporus]]
* [[Turkish Straits]]
* [[Geographical regions of Turkey]]
* [[Geographical regions of Turkey]]
* [[Provinces of Turkey]]
* [[Provinces of Turkey]]

Latest revision as of 04:20, 1 November 2024

Marmara
Marmara Bölgesi
Region
Bosphorus Bridge
Hagia Sophia
Maiden Tower in Istanul
Ortaköy Mosque in Istanbul
Levent financial district from Istanbul Sapphire
Galata towwer in Istanbul
Coordinates: 41°00′N 29°00′E / 41.000°N 29.000°E / 41.000; 29.000
CountryTurkey
CapitalIstanbul
Provinces
11
Area
 • Total67,000 km2 (26,000 sq mi)
 • Rank6th
Population
 (Jan. 2022)(INSEE)
 • Total27,050,405
 • Rank1st
 • Density400/km2 (1,000/sq mi)
DemonymTurkish: Marmaralı
GDP
[1]
 • TotalUS$ 367.040 billion (2022)
 • Per capitaUS$ 13,569 (2022)
Time zoneUTC+03:00 (TRT)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+03:00 (TRT)
ISO 3166 codeTR-IDF
NUTS RegionTR1
Websitemarmara.gov.tr

The Marmara Region (Turkish: Marmara Bölgesi) is a geographical region of Turkey.

Located in East Thrace, it is bordered by Greece and the Aegean Sea to the west, Bulgaria and the Black Sea to the north, the Black Sea Region to the east, and the Aegean Region to the south. At the center of the region is the Sea of Marmara, which gives the region its name. The largest city in the region is Istanbul. Other big cities are Bursa, İzmit, Balıkesir, Tekirdağ, Çanakkale and Edirne.

Among the seven geographical regions, the Marmara Region has the second-smallest area, yet the largest population; it is the most densely populated region in the country.

Etymology

[edit]

The name of the region comes from the Marmara Sea which is named after the Marmaros island, now connected to Balıkesir. "Marmaros" means "marble" in Greek. This name was given to the island because of the significant amount of marble found there. Over time, this name also came to be used for the sea itself.

The Greeks named the Marmara Sea "Propontis" by combining two words: "pro" and "pontis". In Greek, "pro" means "before" and "pontis" means "sea." They chose this name because they used to sail on the Sea of Marmara to reach the Black Sea.[2]

Panorama of Istanbul taken from Galata Tower. From left to right you can see the asian side of the city, Topkapi Palace, Hagia Sophia, the Blue Mosque, Galata Bridge and the New Mosque.
View of Bursa from the hills near Mount Uludağ, the ancient Mysian Olympus
Izmit General View
Ayvalık, Balıkesir
Çanakkale

Subdivision

[edit]
  • Çatalca - Kocaeli Section (Turkish: Çatalca - Kocaeli Bölümü)
    • Adapazarı Area (Turkish: Adapazarı Yöresi)
    • Istanbul Area (Turkish: Istanbul Yöresi)
  • Ergene Section (Turkish: Ergene Yöresi)
  • Southern Marmara Section (Turkish: Güney Marmara Bölümü)
    • Biga - Gallipoli Area (Turkish: Biga - Gelibolu Yöresi)
    • Bursa Area (Turkish: Bursa Yöresi)
    • Karesi Area (Turkish: Karesi Yöresi)
    • Samanlı Area (Turkish: Samanlı Yöresi)
  • Yıldız Section (Turkish: Yıldız Bölümü)

Ecoregions

[edit]
Main article: List of ecoregions in Turkey

Terrestrial

[edit]

Palearctic

[edit]
Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests
[edit]
Temperate coniferous forests
[edit]
Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub
[edit]

Provinces

[edit]
Panoramic view of Istanbul

Provinces that are entirely in the Marmara Region:

Provinces that are mostly in the Marmara Region:

Panoramic view of Edirne from Selimiye Mosque.

Geography

[edit]

The Yıldız Mountains and Uludağ are in the Marmara Region. Islands in the Aegean Sea are Gökçeada and Bozcaada, and in the Sea of Marmara are Marmara Island, Avşa, Paşalimanı, İmralı and the Princes' Islands of Istanbul.

Climate

[edit]

The Marmara region has a borderline Mediterranean and humid subtropical climate on the Aegean Sea and south Marmara Sea coasts, and an oceanic climate on the Black Sea coast. Summers are warm to hot and moderately dry whereas winters are cool, wet and sometimes snowy. The coastal climate keeps the temperatures relatively mild.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Statistics by Theme > National Accounts > Regional Accounts". www.turkstat.gov.tr. Retrieved 11 May 2023.
  2. ^ "The Importance of the Marmara Sea and Region for Turkey - Istanbul Property". istanbulproperty.com. Retrieved 2023-11-09.
[edit]
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Marmara (region).
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