Jump to content

Canker: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
→Examples: re-add C. fragariae since not linked by other article
 
(2 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 10: Line 10:
==Examples==
==Examples==
[[File:Tree Canker.svg|thumb|Tree cankers (right) are caused by injuries to the bark that allow pathogens or insects in to infect the tree. Compared above is a healthy tree and segment (left) to a tree infected and containing a canker.]]
[[File:Tree Canker.svg|thumb|Tree cankers (right) are caused by injuries to the bark that allow pathogens or insects in to infect the tree. Compared above is a healthy tree and segment (left) to a tree infected and containing a canker.]]
* [[Apple]] canker, caused by the fungus ''[[Neonectria galligena]]''
* [[Apple]] canker, caused by the fungus ''[[Neonectria galligena]]'' formerly Nectria galligena.<ref>Marjan Ghasemkhani, Resistance against fruit tree canker in apple, Alnarp, 2015</ref>
* [[Ash tree|Ash]] bacterial canker, now understood to be caused by the bacterium ''[[Pseudomonas savastanoi]]'', rather than ''[[Pseudomonas syringae]]''. After DNA-relatedness studies ''Pseudomonas savastanoi'' has been instated as a new species.<ref name="Gardan1999"/>
* [[Ash tree|Ash]] bacterial canker, now understood to be caused by the bacterium ''[[Pseudomonas savastanoi]]'', rather than ''[[Pseudomonas syringae]]''. After DNA-relatedness studies ''Pseudomonas savastanoi'' has been instated as a new species.<ref name="Gardan1999"/>
* [[Butternut (tree)|Butternut]] canker, caused by the fungus ''[[Sirococcus clavigignenti-juglandacearum]]''
* [[Butternut (tree)|Butternut]] canker, caused by the fungus ''[[Sirococcus clavigignenti-juglandacearum]]''
Line 30: Line 30:
* [[Scleroderris canker]], caused by the fungus ''[[Gremmeniella abietina]]''
* [[Scleroderris canker]], caused by the fungus ''[[Gremmeniella abietina]]''
* [[Southwest canker]], caused by environmental conditions (frost damage and sun-scalding)<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160204110410/http://treedoctor.anr.msu.edu/landscape_tips/Oct13_SouthwestCanker.pdf Southwest Canker]</ref>
* [[Southwest canker]], caused by environmental conditions (frost damage and sun-scalding)<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160204110410/http://treedoctor.anr.msu.edu/landscape_tips/Oct13_SouthwestCanker.pdf Southwest Canker]</ref>
* [[Strawberry]] anthracnose, caused by the fungus species complexes ''[[Colletotrichum acutatum]]'' and ''[[Colletotrichum gloeosporioides|C. gloeosporioides]]'' (incl. ''[[Colletotrichum fragariae|C. fragariae]]'')<ref>{{cite book |last1=Smith |first1=B. J. |chapter=Developmental Stage and Temperature Affect Strawberry Flower and Fruit Susceptibility to Anthracnose. |pages=55-57 |editor1-last=Takeda |editor1-first=F., |editor2-first=D. T. |editor2-last=Handley |editor3-first=E. B. |editor3-last=Poling |title=Proc. 2007 North American Strawberry Symposium |publisher=North American Strawberry Growers Association |location=Kemptville, ON Canada |year=2007 |chapter-url=https://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=213910}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Dowling|first1=Madeline|last2=Peres|first2=Natalia|last3=Villani|first3=Sara|last4=Schnabel|first4=Guido|date=2020|title=Managing Colletotrichum on Fruit Crops: A "Complex" Challenge|url=https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/10.1094/PDIS-11-19-2378-FE|journal=Plant Disease|language=en|volume=104|issue=9|pages=2301–2316|doi=10.1094/PDIS-11-19-2378-FE|pmid=32689886 |s2cid=219479598 |issn=0191-2917|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Damm|first1=U.|last2=Cannon|first2=P. F.|last3=Woudenberg|first3=J. H. C.|last4=Crous|first4=P. W.|date=2012|title=The Colletotrichum acutatum species complex|journal=Studies in Mycology|series=complex species or species complexes?|language=en|volume=73|pages=37–113|doi=10.3114/sim0010|issn=0166-0616|pmc=3458416|pmid=23136458}}</ref>
* [[Strawberry]] anthracnose, caused by the fungus species complexes ''[[Colletotrichum acutatum]]'' and ''[[Colletotrichum gloeosporioides|C. gloeosporioides]]'' (incl. ''[[Colletotrichum fragariae|C. fragariae]]'')<ref>{{cite conference |last1=Smith |first1=B. J. |title=Developmental Stage and Temperature Affect Strawberry Flower and Fruit Susceptibility to Anthracnose |pages=55–57 |editor1-last=Takeda |editor1-first=F. |editor2-first=D. T. |editor2-last=Handley |editor3-first=E. B. |editor3-last=Poling |book-title=Proceedings 2007 North American Strawberry Symposium |publisher=North American Strawberry Growers Association |location=Kemptville, ON Canada |year=2007 |url=https://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=213910}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Dowling|first1=Madeline|last2=Peres|first2=Natalia|last3=Villani|first3=Sara|last4=Schnabel|first4=Guido|date=2020|title=Managing Colletotrichum on Fruit Crops: A "Complex" Challenge|journal=Plant Disease|language=en|volume=104|issue=9|pages=2301–2316|doi=10.1094/PDIS-11-19-2378-FE|pmid=32689886 |s2cid=219479598 |issn=0191-2917|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Damm|first1=U.|last2=Cannon|first2=P. F.|last3=Woudenberg|first3=J. H. C.|last4=Crous|first4=P. W.|date=2012|title=The Colletotrichum acutatum species complex|journal=Studies in Mycology|series=complex species or species complexes?|language=en|volume=73|issue=1 |pages=37–113|doi=10.3114/sim0010|issn=0166-0616|pmc=3458416|pmid=23136458}}</ref>
* [[Tomato]] anthracnose, caused by the fungus ''[[Colletotrichum coccodes]]''
* [[Tomato]] anthracnose, caused by the fungus ''[[Colletotrichum coccodes]]''
* [[Willow]] anthracnose, caused by the fungus ''[[Marssonina salicicola]]''
* [[Willow]] anthracnose, caused by the fungus ''[[Marssonina salicicola]]''

Latest revision as of 10:58, 25 October 2024

This article is about the plant disease. For the human condition, see canker sore.
Not to be confused with Kanker.
Butternut canker is a lethal disease of butternut trees, and has no cure.

A plant canker is a small area of dead tissue, which grows slowly, often over years. Some cankers are of only minor consequence, but others are ultimately lethal and therefore can have major economic implications for agriculture and horticulture. Their causes include a wide range of organisms as fungi, bacteria, mycoplasmas and viruses. The majority of canker-causing organisms are bound to a unique host species or genus, but a few will attack other plants. Weather (via frost or windstorm damage) and animal damage can also cause stress to the plant resulting in cankers. Other causes of cankers is pruning when the bark is wet or using un-sterilized tools.[1]

Although fungicides or bactericides can treat some cankers, often the only available treatment is to destroy the infected plant to contain the disease.

Examples

[edit]
Tree cankers (right) are caused by injuries to the bark that allow pathogens or insects in to infect the tree. Compared above is a healthy tree and segment (left) to a tree infected and containing a canker.
  • Canker on a birch
    Canker on a birch
  • Canker on a beech tree
    Canker on a beech tree
  • Canker on an ash tree in North Ayrshire, Scotland
    Canker on an ash tree in North Ayrshire, Scotland

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Canker Diseases". The Morton Arboretum. Retrieved 18 September 2023.
  2. ^ Marjan Ghasemkhani, Resistance against fruit tree canker in apple, Alnarp, 2015
  3. ^ Gardan, L.; Shafik, H.; Belouin, S.; Broch, R.; Grimont, F.; Grimont, P. A. D. (1 April 1999). "DNA relatedness among the pathovars of Pseudomonas syringae and description of Pseudomonas tremae sp. nov. and Pseudomonas cannabina sp. nov. (ex Sutic and Dowson 1959)". International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology. 49 (2): 469–478. doi:10.1099/00207713-49-2-469. PMID 10319466.
  4. ^ Southwest Canker
  5. ^ Smith, B. J. (2007). "Developmental Stage and Temperature Affect Strawberry Flower and Fruit Susceptibility to Anthracnose". In Takeda, F.; Handley, D. T.; Poling, E. B. (eds.). Proceedings 2007 North American Strawberry Symposium. Kemptville, ON Canada: North American Strawberry Growers Association. pp. 55–57.
  6. ^ Dowling, Madeline; Peres, Natalia; Villani, Sara; Schnabel, Guido (2020). "Managing Colletotrichum on Fruit Crops: A "Complex" Challenge". Plant Disease. 104 (9): 2301–2316. doi:10.1094/PDIS-11-19-2378-FE. ISSN 0191-2917. PMID 32689886. S2CID 219479598.
  7. ^ Damm, U.; Cannon, P. F.; Woudenberg, J. H. C.; Crous, P. W. (2012). "The Colletotrichum acutatum species complex". Studies in Mycology. complex species or species complexes?. 73 (1): 37–113. doi:10.3114/sim0010. ISSN 0166-0616. PMC 3458416. PMID 23136458.
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Canker.
  • [1] Canker Diseases of Trees
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canker&oldid=1253318688"