Nikolay Diletsky: Difference between revisions
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{{short description|Russian composer}} |
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[[Image:Diletsky signature.jpg|thumb|right|325px|Diletsky's signature at the end of ''Idea grammatiki musikiyskoy'']] |
[[Image:Diletsky signature.jpg|thumb|right|325px|Diletsky's signature at the end of ''Idea grammatiki musikiyskoy'']] |
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'''Nikolay Diletsky''' ({{ |
'''Nikolay Diletsky''' ({{langx|uk|Микола Дилецький}}, Mykola Dyletsky, {{langx|ru|Николай Павлович Дилецкий}}, Nikolay Pavlovich Diletsky, Nikolai Diletskii, {{langx|pl|Mikołaj Dilecki}}, also ''Mikolaj Dylecki'', ''Nikolai Dilezki'', etc.; c. 1630, [[Kiev]] – after 1680, [[Moscow]]) was a [[Music theory|music theorist]] and composer born in the [[Kiev Voivodeship]] of the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth|Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth]] and active in [[Russia]]. He was widely influential in late 17th-century Russia with his treatise on [[musical composition]], ''A Musical Grammar'', of which the earliest surviving version dates from 1677. Diletsky's followers included the Russian composer [[Vasily Polikarpovich Titov|Vasily Titov]]. |
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==Life== |
==Life== |
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Little is known about Diletsky's life. A remark by Ioannikii Trofimovich Korenev, a fellow theorist who describes him as a resident of [[Kiev]], is considered evidence of Diletsky's Ukrainian origins. Korenev's statement is probably reliable, as he and Diletsky apparently were well acquainted.<ref>Jensen 1992, 310.</ref> However, the date and even the year of birth are not known, and no details on Diletsky's early life have surfaced. He must have moved to [[Vilnius]] before 1675, because that year his ''Toga zlota'' ("The golden toga") was published there. The text is now lost, but it is known that it was written in Polish, and the surviving title page<ref>Jensen 1992, 311.</ref> indicates that it was probably a [[panegyric]]al pamphlet.<ref>Jensen, Grove.</ref> Some sources indicate that he wrote at least one other musical treatise while in Vilnius, which is now lost:<ref>Jensen 1992, 309.</ref> this treatise is first mentioned in ''Grammatika musikiyskago peniya'' (1677), and the ''Idea grammatikii musikiiskoi'' (1679) is described as a translation of the Vilnius work in its title page. |
Little is known about Diletsky's life. A remark by Ioannikii Trofimovich Korenev, a fellow theorist who describes him as a resident of [[Kiev]], is considered evidence of Diletsky's Ukrainian origins. Korenev's statement is probably reliable, as he and Diletsky apparently were well acquainted.<ref>Jensen 1992, 310.</ref> However, the date and even the year of birth are not known, and no details on Diletsky's early life have surfaced. He must have moved to [[Vilnius]] before 1675, because that year his ''Toga zlota'' ("The golden toga") was published there. The text is now lost, but it is known that it was written in Polish, and the surviving title page<ref>Jensen 1992, 311.</ref> indicates that it was probably a [[panegyric]]al pamphlet.<ref>Jensen, Grove.</ref> Some sources indicate that he wrote at least one other musical treatise while in Vilnius, which is now lost:<ref>Jensen 1992, 309.</ref> this treatise is first mentioned in ''Grammatika musikiyskago peniya'' (1677), and the ''Idea grammatikii musikiiskoi'' (1679) is described as a translation of the Vilnius work in its title page. |
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After Vilnius, Diletsky lived in [[Smolensk]], where in 1677 the first surviving version of his magnum opus, ''Grammatika musikiyskago peniya'' ("A grammar of musical |
After Vilnius, Diletsky lived in [[Smolensk]], where in 1677 the first surviving version of his magnum opus, ''Grammatika musikiyskago peniya'' ("A grammar of musical singing"), was written. He then moved to Moscow, where the subsequent two versions of the work appeared in 1679 and 1681. Nothing further is known about Diletsky's life, and it is generally assumed that he died shortly afterwards. His date of birth is projected from this hypothesis.<ref>Jensen 1992, 310: "Oleksandra Tsalai-Iakimenko and Oleksandr Zelin'skii, "'More neprebrannoe' (Novoznaidenii avtograf tvoru Mikoli Dilets'koho)," Zhovten' no. 7 (1966): 109–116, suggested that Diletskii died in the third decade of the 18th century, based on their belief that Muzei ukrainskoho mistetstva 87/510804, dated 1723, is an autograph. They propose a correspondingly later birth date, in the 1650s. This hypothesis, taken up in their later works, was refuted in Vladimir Goshovskii and I.A. Durnev, "K sporu o Diletskom," Sovetskaia muzyka no. 9 (1967): 138."</ref> |
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==Work== |
==Work== |
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[[Image:Diletsky circle.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Circle of fifths in ''Idea grammatikii musikiyskoy'' (Moscow, 1679)]] |
[[Image:Diletsky circle.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Circle of fifths in ''Idea grammatikii musikiyskoy'' (Moscow, 1679)]] |
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Although several of his compositions survive, Diletsky's fame rests chiefly on his composition treatise, ''Grammatika musikiyskago peniya'' (''A Grammar of Music[al Singing]''), which was the first of its kind in Russia. The three surviving versions bear different names, but the content is roughly the same with some important differences.<ref name="Jensen 1992, 307">Jensen 1992, 307.</ref> The treatise is in two parts. The first teaches the rudiments of music theory, "relying heavily on Western terminology and theoretical precepts, especially the [[hexachord]]", and the second teaches composition of [[a cappella]] [[concerto]]s, a genre that came to Russia through Ukraine and of which Diletsky was one of the first exponents.<ref name="Jensen 1992, 307"/> Diletsky provides a wide variety of examples, both from his own work, including an 8-voice setting of the Divine Liturgy that he composed in Smolensk specifically to illustrate the ''Grammatika,''<ref>Jensen 1992, 312.</ref> and from that of contemporary Western composers, particularly the Poles [[Marcin Mielczewski]] and [[Jacek |
Although several of his compositions survive, Diletsky's fame rests chiefly on his composition treatise, ''Grammatika musikiyskago peniya'' (''A Grammar of Music[al Singing]''), which was the first of its kind in Russia. The three surviving versions bear different names, but the content is roughly the same with some important differences.<ref name="Jensen 1992, 307">Jensen 1992, 307.</ref> The treatise is in two parts. The first teaches the rudiments of music theory, "relying heavily on Western terminology and theoretical precepts, especially the [[hexachord]]", and the second teaches composition of [[a cappella]] [[concerto]]s, a genre that came to Russia through Ukraine and of which Diletsky was one of the first exponents.<ref name="Jensen 1992, 307"/> Diletsky provides a wide variety of examples, both from his own work, including an 8-voice setting of the Divine Liturgy that he composed in Smolensk specifically to illustrate the ''Grammatika,''<ref>Jensen 1992, 312.</ref> and from that of contemporary Western composers, particularly the Poles [[Marcin Mielczewski]] and [[Jacek Różycki]]. Apart from the tremendous influence it had on subsequent generations of Russian church composers, the ''Grammatika'' is of particular interest for having the first known description of the [[circle of fifths]], one that antedates Western examples by several decades.<ref>Jensen, Grove. [[Johann David Heinichen]] described the circle of fifths in a 1728 treatise.</ref> |
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==List of works== |
==List of works== |
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===Music=== |
===Music=== |
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*3 settings of the Divine Liturgy (4–8 voices, includes " |
*3 settings of the Divine Liturgy (4–8 voices, includes "Kievan Chant" and a "Proportional" liturgy) |
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*2 sacred concertos |
*2 sacred concertos |
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*Resurrection/Easter kanon, 8vv<ref>List of works taken from: "Mykola Dyletskiy: Sacred Works", [[ |
*Resurrection/Easter kanon, 8vv<ref>List of works taken from: "Mykola Dyletskiy: Sacred Works", [[Kiev Chamber Choir]]. 2003, Atlantik (Атлантик), CCK 11-2; CCK 11-3.</ref> |
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==Notes== |
==Notes== |
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{{reflist|2}} |
{{reflist|2}} |
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== |
==Sources== |
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* |
* {{cite journal |last1=Jensen |first1=Claudia R. |title=A Theoretical Work of Late Seventeenth-Century Muscovy: Nikolai Diletskii's "Grammatika" and the Earliest Circle of Fifths |journal=Journal of the [[American Musicological Society]] |date=1992 |volume=45 |issue=2 |pages=305{{ndash}}331 |url=https://www.jstor.org/pss/831450 |url-access=subscription |ref=none |publisher=[[University of California Press]]|doi=10.2307/831450 |jstor=831450 }} |
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*{{ |
*{{Cite Grove|title=Nikolay Diletsky|last= Jensen|first=Claudia R. |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.07795|access-date=17 December 2006|ref=none}} |
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*Dytyniak Maria |
*Dytyniak Maria Ukrainian Composers – A Bio-bibliographic Guide – Research report No. 14, 1896, Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies, University of Alberta, Canada. |
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{{Authority control}} |
{{Authority control|state=collapsed}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Diletsky, Nikolay}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Diletsky, Nikolay}} |
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[[Category:1630s births]] |
[[Category:1630s births]] |
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[[Category:17th-century deaths]] |
[[Category:17th-century deaths]] |
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[[Category:Year of death unknown]] |
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[[Category:Ukrainian Baroque composers]] |
[[Category:Ukrainian Baroque composers]] |
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[[Category:Classical composers of church music]] |
[[Category:Classical composers of church music]] |
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[[Category:17th-century classical composers]] |
[[Category:17th-century classical composers]] |
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[[Category:Russian Baroque composers]] |
[[Category:Russian Baroque composers]] |
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[[Category:17th-century male musicians]] |
Latest revision as of 03:42, 25 October 2024
Nikolay Diletsky (Ukrainian: Микола Дилецький, Mykola Dyletsky, Russian: Николай Павлович Дилецкий, Nikolay Pavlovich Diletsky, Nikolai Diletskii, Polish: Mikołaj Dilecki, also Mikolaj Dylecki, Nikolai Dilezki, etc.; c. 1630, Kiev – after 1680, Moscow) was a music theorist and composer born in the Kiev Voivodeship of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and active in Russia. He was widely influential in late 17th-century Russia with his treatise on musical composition, A Musical Grammar, of which the earliest surviving version dates from 1677. Diletsky's followers included the Russian composer Vasily Titov.
Life
[edit]Little is known about Diletsky's life. A remark by Ioannikii Trofimovich Korenev, a fellow theorist who describes him as a resident of Kiev, is considered evidence of Diletsky's Ukrainian origins. Korenev's statement is probably reliable, as he and Diletsky apparently were well acquainted.[1] However, the date and even the year of birth are not known, and no details on Diletsky's early life have surfaced. He must have moved to Vilnius before 1675, because that year his Toga zlota ("The golden toga") was published there. The text is now lost, but it is known that it was written in Polish, and the surviving title page[2] indicates that it was probably a panegyrical pamphlet.[3] Some sources indicate that he wrote at least one other musical treatise while in Vilnius, which is now lost:[4] this treatise is first mentioned in Grammatika musikiyskago peniya (1677), and the Idea grammatikii musikiiskoi (1679) is described as a translation of the Vilnius work in its title page.
After Vilnius, Diletsky lived in Smolensk, where in 1677 the first surviving version of his magnum opus, Grammatika musikiyskago peniya ("A grammar of musical singing"), was written. He then moved to Moscow, where the subsequent two versions of the work appeared in 1679 and 1681. Nothing further is known about Diletsky's life, and it is generally assumed that he died shortly afterwards. His date of birth is projected from this hypothesis.[5]
Work
[edit]Although several of his compositions survive, Diletsky's fame rests chiefly on his composition treatise, Grammatika musikiyskago peniya (A Grammar of Music[al Singing]), which was the first of its kind in Russia. The three surviving versions bear different names, but the content is roughly the same with some important differences.[6] The treatise is in two parts. The first teaches the rudiments of music theory, "relying heavily on Western terminology and theoretical precepts, especially the hexachord", and the second teaches composition of a cappella concertos, a genre that came to Russia through Ukraine and of which Diletsky was one of the first exponents.[6] Diletsky provides a wide variety of examples, both from his own work, including an 8-voice setting of the Divine Liturgy that he composed in Smolensk specifically to illustrate the Grammatika,[7] and from that of contemporary Western composers, particularly the Poles Marcin Mielczewski and Jacek Różycki. Apart from the tremendous influence it had on subsequent generations of Russian church composers, the Grammatika is of particular interest for having the first known description of the circle of fifths, one that antedates Western examples by several decades.[8]
List of works
[edit]Writings
[edit]- Grammatika musikiyskago peniya (Грамматика муcикийского пения, "A grammar of musical song", Smolensk, 1677)
- Idea grammatikii musikiyskoy (Идея грамматикии муcикийской, "An idea of musical grammar", Moscow, 1679)
- Grammatika peniya musikiyskago (Грамматика пения муcикийского, Moscow, 1681)
Music
[edit]- 3 settings of the Divine Liturgy (4–8 voices, includes "Kievan Chant" and a "Proportional" liturgy)
- 2 sacred concertos
- Resurrection/Easter kanon, 8vv[9]
Notes
[edit]- ^ Jensen 1992, 310.
- ^ Jensen 1992, 311.
- ^ Jensen, Grove.
- ^ Jensen 1992, 309.
- ^ Jensen 1992, 310: "Oleksandra Tsalai-Iakimenko and Oleksandr Zelin'skii, "'More neprebrannoe' (Novoznaidenii avtograf tvoru Mikoli Dilets'koho)," Zhovten' no. 7 (1966): 109–116, suggested that Diletskii died in the third decade of the 18th century, based on their belief that Muzei ukrainskoho mistetstva 87/510804, dated 1723, is an autograph. They propose a correspondingly later birth date, in the 1650s. This hypothesis, taken up in their later works, was refuted in Vladimir Goshovskii and I.A. Durnev, "K sporu o Diletskom," Sovetskaia muzyka no. 9 (1967): 138."
- ^ a b Jensen 1992, 307.
- ^ Jensen 1992, 312.
- ^ Jensen, Grove. Johann David Heinichen described the circle of fifths in a 1728 treatise.
- ^ List of works taken from: "Mykola Dyletskiy: Sacred Works", Kiev Chamber Choir. 2003, Atlantik (Атлантик), CCK 11-2; CCK 11-3.
Sources
[edit]- Jensen, Claudia R. (1992). "A Theoretical Work of Late Seventeenth-Century Muscovy: Nikolai Diletskii's "Grammatika" and the Earliest Circle of Fifths". Journal of the American Musicological Society. 45 (2). University of California Press: 305–331. doi:10.2307/831450. JSTOR 831450.
- Jensen, Claudia R. (2001). "Nikolay Diletsky". Grove Music Online (8th ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 17 December 2006.
- Dytyniak Maria Ukrainian Composers – A Bio-bibliographic Guide – Research report No. 14, 1896, Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies, University of Alberta, Canada.