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{{Circassians}}{{Short description|Circassian tribe}}
[[File:Besleneys villages in 1830-1850 years.png|thumb|right|350px|Besleney villages of [[Circassia]] around 1830–1850; "1" denotes nine villages resettled from the mountains by General {{Interlanguage link multi|Gregory von Saß|ru|3=Засс, Григорий Христофорович}}; "2" denotes villages whose names are unknown; The area of village concentration in the upper reaches of the [[Laba River]] tributaries is now part of [[Krasnodar Krai]] between [[Adygea]] to the north and [[Karachay-Cherkessia]] to the south]]
[[File:Besleneys villages in 1830-1850 years.png|thumb|right|350px|Besleney villages of [[Circassia]] around 1830–1850; "1" denotes nine villages resettled from the mountains by General {{Interlanguage link|Gregory von Saß|es|Grigori Zas|ru|Засс, Григорий Христофорович|hu|Grigorij Hrisztoforovics Zassz}}; "2" denotes villages whose names are unknown; The area of village concentration in the upper reaches of the [[Laba River]] tributaries is now part of [[Krasnodar Krai]] between [[Adygea]] to the north and [[Karachay-Cherkessia]] to the south]]
The '''Besleney''' ([[Circassian language|Circassian]]: Бэслъыный ''Besłynyj'' {{IPA-all|basɬənəj}}; {{lang-ru|Бесленеевцы}} {{lang|ru|Besleneevcy}}), also known as '''Beslenei''' or '''Baslaney''', are one of the twelve tribes (sub-ethnic groups) of the [[Circassians|Circassian]] (Adyghe) people.<ref>Kadir I. Natho. [https://books.google.com/books?id=eE2pDLgibVoC&dq ''Circassian History''.] Xlibris Corporation, 2009. p.89. {{ISBN|9781465316998}}</ref>{{Self-published inline|certain=yes|date=December 2017}} It was named after Kabardian Prince Beslan who established his own tribe of the same name.
The '''Besleney''' ([[Circassian language|Circassian]]: Bеслъэней, {{IPA-all|basɬənəj}}; {{langx|ru|Бесленеевцы}}) are one of the twelve major [[Circassians|Circassian]] tribes, representing one of the twelve stars on the green-and-gold [[Flag of Adygea|Circassian flag]].<ref>{{cite web|date=2010|title=Circassians|url=https://www.adiga-home.net/Circassians.htm|url-status=unfit|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140820015838/https://www.adiga-home.net/Circassians.htm|archive-date=August 20, 2014|access-date=17 May 2016|website=Adiga-home.net|quote=The 12 Circassian tribes: Abadzeh Besleney Bzhedug Yegeruqay Zhaney Kabarday Mamheg Natuhay Temirgoy Ubyh Shapsug Hatukay. The twelve stars on the Adyghe Flag also refers to the twelve tribes.}}</ref> By character, culture and language, the Besleney are closest to [[Kabardians]].<ref>[[John Colarusso]]. [https://books.google.com/books?id=5FsLlweDug8C&dq ''A Grammar of the Kabardian Language''] University of Calgary Press, 1992. p. 12. {{ISBN|9780919813991}} ''"This highly divergent dialect..."''</ref> The noble families of the Besleney were Kanoko and Shaloho, ancestors of Kabardian Prince Beslan, (the son of legendary [[Prince Inal]]),{{citation needed|date=August 2019}} who established his own tribe of the same name.


==History==
==Population==


{{Location map+|Russia Krasnodar Krai|width=350px|float=right|relief=1|thumb|caption=Historical locations of Circassian tribes
{{Location map+|Russia Krasnodar Krai|width=350px|float=right|relief=1|thumb|caption=Historical locations of Circassian tribes
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{{Location map~|Russia Krasnodar Krai|lat=44.00|long=41.20|label=[[Abazin]]|mark=Clear pog.svg|background=PowderBlue|label_size=100}}
{{Location map~|Russia Krasnodar Krai|lat=44.00|long=41.20|label=[[Abazin]]|mark=Clear pog.svg|background=PowderBlue|label_size=100}}
{{Location map~|Russia Krasnodar Krai|lat=43.20|long=41.30|label=[[Abkhazians|Abkhaz]]|mark=Clear pog.svg|background=PowderBlue|label_size=100}}
{{Location map~|Russia Krasnodar Krai|lat=43.20|long=41.30|label=[[Abkhazians|Abkhaz]]|mark=Clear pog.svg|background=PowderBlue|label_size=100}}
{{Location map~|Russia Krasnodar Krai|lat=44.62|long=38.80|label=[[Abzakh]]|mark=Blue-circle.gif}}
{{Location map~|Russia Krasnodar Krai|lat=44.62|long=38.80|label=[[Abzakh]]|mark=Blue-circle.png}}
{{Location map~|Russia Krasnodar Krai|lat=44.20|long=39.80|label=[[Abzakh]]|position=left|mark=Blue-circle.gif}}
{{Location map~|Russia Krasnodar Krai|lat=44.20|long=39.80|label=[[Abzakh]]|position=left|mark=Blue-circle.png}}
{{Location map~|Russia Krasnodar Krai|lat=44.40|long=41.50|label=Besleney|mark=Clear pog.svg}}
{{Location map~|Russia Krasnodar Krai|lat=44.40|long=41.50|label=Besleney|mark=Clear pog.svg}}
{{Location map~|Russia Krasnodar Krai|lat=44.90|long=38.60|label=[[Bzhedug]]|mark=Clear pog.svg}}
{{Location map~|Russia Krasnodar Krai|lat=44.90|long=38.60|label=[[Bzhedug]]|mark=Clear pog.svg}}
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}}
}}


The majority of the Besleney live in the valley of [[Bolshaya Laba River|Bolshaya]] and [[Malaya Laba River|Malaya]] [[Laba River]]s in the [[Caucasus|Northwest Caucasus]], and on the bank of [[Urup River|Urup]].<ref>James Stuart Olson, et al., eds. "Adyghe".[https://books.google.com/books?id=CquTz6ps5YgC&dq ''An Ethnohistorical Dictionary of the Russian and Soviet Empires.''] Greenwood Publishing, 1994. p. 15. {{ISBN|9780313274978}} ''"The Beslenei (Beslenej) are located between the upper Urup and [[Khodz River|Khozdya]] rivers, and along the Middle Laba River, in the western reaches of the North Caucasus."''</ref> They also extend to the valleys of Chetem, Fars, Psefir, [[Kuban River|Kuban]] (Western Circassia). By character and culture besides the language, the Besleney are closest to [[Kabardians]].<ref>[[John Colarusso]]. [https://books.google.com/books?id=5FsLlweDug8C&dq ''A Grammar of the Kabardian Language''] University of Calgary Press, 1992. p. 12. {{ISBN|9780919813991}} ''"This highly divergent dialect..."''</ref> The noble families of the Besleney were: Kanoko and Shaloho, ancestors of Beslan, the son of legendary [[Prince Inal]].<ref>Kadir I. Natho. [https://books.google.com/books?id=eE2pDLgibVoC&dq ''Circassian History''.] Xlibris Corporation, 2009. p.96. {{ISBN|9781465316998}} ''"Prince Inal, the progenitor of the...Besleney...princes..."''</ref>{{Self-published inline|certain=yes|date=December 2017}}
The majority of the Besleney live in the valley of [[Bolshaya Laba River|Bolshaya]] and [[Malaya Laba River|Malaya]] [[Laba River]]s and on the bank of [[Urup River|Urup]] in the Russian Republics of [[Karachay-Cherkessia]], [[Krasnodar Krai]] and [[Adygea]].<ref>James Stuart Olson, et al., eds. "Adyghe".[https://books.google.com/books?id=CquTz6ps5YgC&dq ''An Ethnohistorical Dictionary of the Russian and Soviet Empires.''] Greenwood Publishing, 1994. p. 15. {{ISBN|9780313274978}} ''"The Beslenei (Beslenej) are located between the upper Urup and [[Khodz River|Khozdya]] rivers, and along the Middle Laba River, in the western reaches of the North Caucasus."''</ref> They also extend to the valleys of Chetem, Fars, Psefir, [[Kuban River|Kuban]] (Western Circassia).


==Language==
==Language==
{{see also|Besleney Kabardian dialect}}
{{main|Besleney Kabardian dialect}}
The Besleney people speak the Besleney sub-dialect ({{lang-ady|Бэслъыныйбзэ}}) of [[Kabardian language|Kabardian Adyghe dialect]] (East Circassian). However, because the Besleney tribe lived at the center of [[Circassia]], the Besleney dialect also shares a large number of features with dialects of [[Adyghe language|West Adyghe dialect]]. Like the Adyghe [[Shapsug Adyghe dialect|Shapsug sub-dialect]], there exist a palatalized [[voiced velar plosive]] {{IPA|[ɡʲ]}}, a palatalized [[voiceless velar plosive]] {{IPA|[kʲ]}} and a palatalized [[velar ejective]] {{IPA|[kʲʼ]}}, which were merged to {{IPA|[d͡ʒ]}}, {{IPA|[t͡ʃ]}} and {{IPA|[t͡ʃʼ]}} in other Circassian dialects.<ref>[https://www.academia.edu/1888554/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D1%81_%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2 Консонантная система уляпского говора в сопоставлении с аналогами других диалектов адыгских языков] {{ru icon}}</ref> The Besleney dialect also have an [[alveolar lateral ejective affricate]] {{IPA|[t͡ɬʼ]}}, which corresponds to an [[alveolar lateral ejective fricative]] {{IPA|[ɬʼ]}} in most other varieties of Circassian.<ref name="UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive - Recording Details for Kabardian Baslanei dialect">[http://archive.phonetics.ucla.edu/Language/KBD/kbd.html UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive - Recording Details for Kabardian Baslanei dialect]. In the first word list called [http://archive.phonetics.ucla.edu/Language/KBD/kbd_word-list_1970_01.html kbd_word-list_1970_01.html] the words "man" and "quarter" are pronounced as {{IPA|/t͡ɬʼə/}} and {{IPA|/pt͡ɬʼaːna/}} compare to Standard Kabardian {{IPA|/ɬʼə/}} and {{IPA|/pɬʼaːna/}}</ref> The Besleney dialect have a [[voiceless glottal fricative]] [h] that corresponds to {{IPAblink|x}} in other Circassian dialects.<ref>[https://www.academia.edu/1888554/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D1%81_%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2 Консонантная система уляпского говора в сопоставлении с аналогами других диалектов адыгских языков] {{ru icon}}</ref>
The Besleney people speak the Besleney sub-dialect ({{langx|ady|Бэслъыныйбзэ}}) of the [[Kabardian language|Kabardian Adyghe dialect]] (East Circassian). However, because the Besleney tribe lived at the center of [[Circassia]], the Besleney dialect also shares a large number of features with dialects of the [[Adyghe language|West Adyghe dialect]]. Like the Adyghe [[Shapsug Adyghe dialect|Shapsug sub-dialect]], there exist a palatalized [[voiced velar plosive]] {{IPA|[ɡʲ]}}, a palatalized [[voiceless velar plosive]] {{IPA|[kʲ]}} and a palatalized [[velar ejective]] {{IPA|[kʲʼ]}}, which were merged to {{IPA|[d͡ʒ]}}, {{IPA|[t͡ʃ]}} and {{IPA|[t͡ʃʼ]}} in other Circassian dialects.<ref>[https://www.academia.edu/1888554/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D1%81_%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2 Консонантная система уляпского говора в сопоставлении с аналогами других диалектов адыгских языков] {{in lang|ru}}</ref> The Besleney dialect also has an [[alveolar lateral ejective affricate]] {{IPA|[t͡ɬʼ]}}, which corresponds to an [[alveolar lateral ejective fricative]] {{IPA|[ɬʼ]}} in most other varieties of Circassian.<ref name="UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive - Recording Details for Kabardian Baslanei dialect">[http://archive.phonetics.ucla.edu/Language/KBD/kbd.html UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive - Recording Details for Kabardian Baslanei dialect]. In the first word list called [http://archive.phonetics.ucla.edu/Language/KBD/kbd_word-list_1970_01.html kbd_word-list_1970_01.html] the words "man" and "quarter" are pronounced as {{IPA|/t͡ɬʼə/}} and {{IPA|/pt͡ɬʼaːna/}} compare to Standard Kabardian {{IPA|/ɬʼə/}} and {{IPA|/pɬʼaːna/}}</ref> The Besleney dialect has a [[voiceless glottal fricative]] [h] that corresponds to {{IPAblink|x}} in other Circassian dialects.<ref>[https://www.academia.edu/1888554/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D1%81_%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2 Консонантная система уляпского говора в сопоставлении с аналогами других диалектов адыгских языков] {{in lang|ru}}</ref>


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
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! horse
! horse
| чъы
| чъы
| [t͡ʂɘ]
| t͡ʂə
| шы
| шы
| ʃə
| [ʃɘ]
| шы
| шы
| ʃə
| [ʃɘ]
| шы
| шы
| ʃə
| [ʃɘ]
|-
|-
! sister
! sister
| чъыпхъу
| чъыпхъу
| [t͡ʂɘpχʷ]
| t͡ʂəpχʷ
| шыпхъу
| шыпхъу
| [ʃɘpχʷ]
| ʃəpχʷ
| шыпхъу
| шыпхъу
| [ʃɘpχʷ]
| ʃəpχʷ
| шыпхъу
| шыпхъу
| [ʃɘpχʷ]
| ʃəpχʷ
|-
|-
! wedding
! wedding
| нысачъэ
| нысачъэ
| [nɘsaːt͡ʂɐ]
| nəsaːt͡ʂa
| нысашэ
| нысашэ
| [nɘsaːʃɐ]
| nəsaːʃa
| нысашэ
| нысашэ
| [nɘsaːʃɐ]
| nəsaːʃa
| нысашэ
| нысашэ
| [nɘsaːʃɐ]
| nəsaːʃa
|-
|-
! day
! day
| махуэ
| махуэ
| [maːxʷɐ]
| maːxʷa
| махуэ
| махуэ
| [maːxʷɐ]
| maːxʷa
| мафэ
| мафэ
| [maːfɐ]
| maːfa
| мафэ
| мафэ
| [maːfɐ]
| maːfa
|-
|-
! black
! black
| фӏыцӏэ
| фӏыцӏэ
| [fʼɘt͡sʼɐ]
| fʼət͡sʼa
| фӏыцӏэ
| фӏыцӏэ
| [fʼɘt͡sʼɐ]
| fʼət͡sʼa
| шӏуцӏэ
| шӏуцӏэ
| [ʃʷʼɘt͡sʼɐ]
| ʃʷʼət͡sʼa
| шӏусӏэ
| шӏусӏэ
| [ʃʷʼɘsʼɐ]
| ʃʷʼəsʼa
|-
|-
! shirt / dress
! shirt, dress
| гьанэ
| гьанэ
| [ɡʲaːnɐ]
| ɡʲaːna
| джанэ
| джанэ
| [d͡ʒaːnɐ]
| d͡ʒaːna
| джанэ
| джанэ
| [d͡ʒaːnɐ]
| d͡ʒaːna
| гьанэ
| гьанэ
| [ɡʲaːnɐ]
| ɡʲaːna
|-
|-
! tree
! tree
| джыг
| джыг
| [d͡ʒɘɣ]
| d͡ʒəɣ
| жыг
| жыг
| [ʒɘɣ]
| ʒəɣ
| чъыгы
| чъыгы
| [t͡ʂɘɡɘ]
| t͡ʂəɡə
| чъыгы
| чъыгы
| [t͡ʃɘɣɘ]
| t͡ʃəɣə
|-
|-
! four
! four
| птлӏы
| птлӏы
| [pt͡ɬʼɘː]
| pt͡ɬʼəː
| плӏы
| плӏы
| [pɬʼɘː]
| pɬʼəː
| плӏы
| плӏы
| [pɬʼɘː]
| pɬʼəː
| плӏы
| плӏы
| [pɬʼɘː]
| pɬʼəː
|-
|-
! man
! man
| тлӏы
| тлӏы
| [t͡ɬʼɘː]
| t͡ɬʼəː
| лӏы
| лӏы
| [ɬʼɘː]
| ɬʼəː
| лӏы
| лӏы
| [ɬʼɘː]
| ɬʼəː
| лӏы
| лӏы
| [ɬʼɘː]
| ɬʼəː
|-
|-
! chicken
! chicken
| гьэд
| гьэд
| gad
| [gɐd]
| джэд
| джэд
| [d͡ʒɐd]
| d͡ʒad
| чэты
| чэты
| [t͡ʃɐtɘ]
| t͡ʃatə
| кьэт
| кьэт
| [kʲɐt]
| kʲat
|-
|-
! tail / seed
! tail, seed
| кӏьэ
| кӏьэ
| [kʲʼɐ]
| kʲʼa
| кӏэ
| кӏэ
| [t͡ʃʼɐ]
| t͡ʃʼa
| кӏэ
| кӏэ
| [t͡ʃʼɐ]
| t͡ʃʼa
| кӏьэ
| кӏьэ
| [kʲʼɐ]
| kʲʼa
|-
|-
! young man, boy
! young man, boy
| кӏалэ
| кӏалэ
| [t͡ʃʼaːlɐ]
| t͡ʃʼaːla
| щӏалэ
| щӏалэ
| [ɕʼaːɮɐ]
| ɕʼaːɮa
| кӏалэ
| кӏалэ
| [t͡ʃʼaːɮɐ]
| t͡ʃʼaːɮa
| кӏалэ
| кӏалэ
| [t͡ʃʼaːlɐ]
| t͡ʃʼaːla
|-
|-
! new
! new
| кӏэ
| кӏэ
| [t͡ʃʼɐ]
| t͡ʃʼa
| щӏэ
| щӏэ
| [ɕʼɐ]
| ɕʼa
| кӏэ
| кӏэ
| [t͡ʃʼɐ]
| t͡ʃʼa
| кӏэ
| кӏэ
| [t͡ʃʼɐ]
| t͡ʃʼa
|}
|}


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* [[Kabardian language|East Adyghe dialect]]
* [[Kabardian language|East Adyghe dialect]]
* [[Adyghe language|West Adyghe dialect]]
* [[Adyghe language|West Adyghe dialect]]
* [[Circassians#Circassian tribes|Other Circassian tribes]]:
* [[Circassians#Tribes|Other Circassian tribes]]:
* [[Abzakh]]
* [[Abzakh]]
* [[Bzhedug]]
* [[Bzhedug]]
Line 206: Line 207:
* [http://archive.phonetics.ucla.edu/Language/KBD/kbd.html UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive - Recording Details for Kabardian Beslenei dialect]
* [http://archive.phonetics.ucla.edu/Language/KBD/kbd.html UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive - Recording Details for Kabardian Beslenei dialect]


{{authority control}}
[[Category:Circassians]]

[[Category:Circassian tribes]]
[[Category:Circassian tribes]]
[[Category:Peoples of the Caucasus]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Russia]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Russia]]
[[Category:Muslim communities of Russia]]
[[Category:Muslim communities of Russia]]
[[Category:Kabardino-Balkaria]]
[[Category:Kabardino-Balkaria]]
[[Category:Karachay-Cherkessia]]
[[Category:Karachay-Cherkessia]]
[[Category:Adygea]]

Latest revision as of 18:48, 24 October 2024

Part of a series on the
Circassians
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Besleney villages of Circassia around 1830–1850; "1" denotes nine villages resettled from the mountains by General Gregory von Saß [es; ru; hu]; "2" denotes villages whose names are unknown; The area of village concentration in the upper reaches of the Laba River tributaries is now part of Krasnodar Krai between Adygea to the north and Karachay-Cherkessia to the south

The Besleney (Circassian: Bеслъэней, IPA: [basɬənəj]; Russian: Бесленеевцы) are one of the twelve major Circassian tribes, representing one of the twelve stars on the green-and-gold Circassian flag.[1] By character, culture and language, the Besleney are closest to Kabardians.[2] The noble families of the Besleney were Kanoko and Shaloho, ancestors of Kabardian Prince Beslan, (the son of legendary Prince Inal),[citation needed] who established his own tribe of the same name.

Population

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class=notpageimage|
Historical locations of Circassian tribes

The majority of the Besleney live in the valley of Bolshaya and Malaya Laba Rivers and on the bank of Urup in the Russian Republics of Karachay-Cherkessia, Krasnodar Krai and Adygea.[3] They also extend to the valleys of Chetem, Fars, Psefir, Kuban (Western Circassia).

Language

[edit]
Main article: Besleney Kabardian dialect

The Besleney people speak the Besleney sub-dialect (Adyghe: Бэслъыныйбзэ) of the Kabardian Adyghe dialect (East Circassian). However, because the Besleney tribe lived at the center of Circassia, the Besleney dialect also shares a large number of features with dialects of the West Adyghe dialect. Like the Adyghe Shapsug sub-dialect, there exist a palatalized voiced velar plosive [ɡʲ], a palatalized voiceless velar plosive [kʲ] and a palatalized velar ejective [kʲʼ], which were merged to [d͡ʒ], [t͡ʃ] and [t͡ʃʼ] in other Circassian dialects.[4] The Besleney dialect also has an alveolar lateral ejective affricate [t͡ɬʼ], which corresponds to an alveolar lateral ejective fricative [ɬʼ] in most other varieties of Circassian.[5] The Besleney dialect has a voiceless glottal fricative [h] that corresponds to [x] in other Circassian dialects.[6]

Meaning Besleney sub-dialect Standard Kabardian Standard Adyghe Shapsug sub-dialect
Cyrillic IPA Cyrillic IPA Cyrillic IPA Cyrillic IPA
horse чъы [t͡ʂɘ] шы [ʃɘ] шы [ʃɘ] шы [ʃɘ]
sister чъыпхъу [t͡ʂɘpχʷ] шыпхъу [ʃɘpχʷ] шыпхъу [ʃɘpχʷ] шыпхъу [ʃɘpχʷ]
wedding нысачъэ [nɘsaːt͡ʂɐ] нысашэ [nɘsaːʃɐ] нысашэ [nɘsaːʃɐ] нысашэ [nɘsaːʃɐ]
day махуэ [maːxʷɐ] махуэ [maːxʷɐ] мафэ [maːfɐ] мафэ [maːfɐ]
black фӏыцӏэ [fʼɘt͡sʼɐ] фӏыцӏэ [fʼɘt͡sʼɐ] шӏуцӏэ [ʃʷʼɘt͡sʼɐ] шӏусӏэ [ʃʷʼɘsʼɐ]
shirt, dress гьанэ [ɡʲaːnɐ] джанэ [d͡ʒaːnɐ] джанэ [d͡ʒaːnɐ] гьанэ [ɡʲaːnɐ]
tree джыг [d͡ʒɘɣ] жыг [ʒɘɣ] чъыгы [t͡ʂɘɡɘ] чъыгы [t͡ʃɘɣɘ]
four птлӏы [pt͡ɬʼɘː] плӏы [pɬʼɘː] плӏы [pɬʼɘː] плӏы [pɬʼɘː]
man тлӏы [t͡ɬʼɘː] лӏы [ɬʼɘː] лӏы [ɬʼɘː] лӏы [ɬʼɘː]
chicken гьэд [gɐd] джэд [d͡ʒɐd] чэты [t͡ʃɐtɘ] кьэт [kʲɐt]
tail, seed кӏьэ [kʲʼɐ] кӏэ [t͡ʃʼɐ] кӏэ [t͡ʃʼɐ] кӏьэ [kʲʼɐ]
young man, boy кӏалэ [t͡ʃʼaːlɐ] щӏалэ [ɕʼaːɮɐ] кӏалэ [t͡ʃʼaːɮɐ] кӏалэ [t͡ʃʼaːlɐ]
new кӏэ [t͡ʃʼɐ] щӏэ [ɕʼɐ] кӏэ [t͡ʃʼɐ] кӏэ [t͡ʃʼɐ]

See also

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References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Circassians". Adiga-home.net. 2010. Archived from the original on August 20, 2014. Retrieved 17 May 2016. The 12 Circassian tribes: Abadzeh Besleney Bzhedug Yegeruqay Zhaney Kabarday Mamheg Natuhay Temirgoy Ubyh Shapsug Hatukay. The twelve stars on the Adyghe Flag also refers to the twelve tribes.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  2. ^ John Colarusso. A Grammar of the Kabardian Language University of Calgary Press, 1992. p. 12. ISBN 9780919813991 "This highly divergent dialect..."
  3. ^ James Stuart Olson, et al., eds. "Adyghe".An Ethnohistorical Dictionary of the Russian and Soviet Empires. Greenwood Publishing, 1994. p. 15. ISBN 9780313274978 "The Beslenei (Beslenej) are located between the upper Urup and Khozdya rivers, and along the Middle Laba River, in the western reaches of the North Caucasus."
  4. ^ Консонантная система уляпского говора в сопоставлении с аналогами других диалектов адыгских языков (in Russian)
  5. ^ UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive - Recording Details for Kabardian Baslanei dialect. In the first word list called kbd_word-list_1970_01.html the words "man" and "quarter" are pronounced as /t͡ɬʼə/ and /pt͡ɬʼaːna/ compare to Standard Kabardian /ɬʼə/ and /pɬʼaːna/
  6. ^ Консонантная система уляпского говора в сопоставлении с аналогами других диалектов адыгских языков (in Russian)
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