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{{Short description|Ancient ethnic group of Japan}}
{{redirect-distinguish|Shukushin|Shakushain}}
{{redirect-distinguish|Shukushin|Shakushain}}
{{Refimprove|date=February 2008}}
{{Refimprove|date=February 2008}}


The {{nihongo|'''Mishihase'''|粛填}}, also read as '''Ashihase''' and '''Shukushin''', were a people of ancient [[Japan]], believed to have lived along the northern portion of the coast of the [[Sea of Japan]]. The term [[Sushen]], rendered 肅愼, is found in Chinese records, but is annotated as Mishihase or Ashihase in [[Japanese language]] documents, which should have developed into *''Mishiwase'' or *''Ashiwase'' in Modern Japanese if the word had survived in colloquial speech.
The {{nihongo|'''Mishihase'''|粛填}}, also read as '''Ashihase''' and '''Shukushin''', were a people of ancient [[Japan]], believed to have lived along the northern portion of the coast of the [[Sea of Japan]]. The term [[Sushen]], rendered 肅愼, is found in Chinese records, but is annotated as Mishihase or Ashihase in [[Japanese language]] documents, which should have developed into *''Mishiwase'' or *''Ashiwase'' in modern Japanese if the word had survived in colloquial speech.


According to the ''[[Nihon Shoki]]'', the Mishihase first arrived at [[Sado Island]] during the reign of [[Emperor Kimmei]]. In 660, Japanese General [[Abe no Hirafu]] defeated the Mishihase in ''"Watarishima"'' at the request of the [[Emishi]]. A theory by [[Arai Hakuseki]] (in the [[Edo period]]) proposed that Watarishima was [[Ezo]], which was later renamed to [[Hokkaidō]]. The battle place was recorded as the mouth of a large river, which is proposed to be [[Ishikari River]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www5.hokkaido-np.co.jp/motto/20021109/qa3.html|title=Ｑ　奥尻島の意味は|language=Japanese|publisher=[[Hokkaido Shimbun]]|date=November 9, 2002|accessdate=January 31, 2011}}</ref>
According to the ''[[Nihon Shoki]]'', the Mishihase first arrived at [[Sado Island]] during the reign of [[Emperor Kinmei]]. In 660, Japanese General [[Abe no Hirafu]] defeated the Mishihase in ''"Watarishima"'' at the request of the native inhabitants. During the [[Edo period]], [[Arai Hakuseki]] proposed that Watarishima was [[Ezo]], which was later renamed [[Hokkaidō]]. The battle place was recorded as the mouth of a large river, which is proposed to be [[Ishikari River]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www5.hokkaido-np.co.jp/motto/20021109/qa3.html|script-title=ja:Ｑ 奥尻島の意味は|language=Japanese|publisher=[[Hokkaido Shimbun]]|date=November 9, 2002|accessdate=January 31, 2011|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719125602/http://www5.hokkaido-np.co.jp/motto/20021109/qa3.html|archivedate=July 19, 2011}}</ref>


Some historians consider that the Mishihase were identical to the Sushen in Chinese records, but others think that the [[Japanese people]] named the indigenous people in the northeast based on their knowledge of Chinese records, just as the Chinese did during the [[Three Kingdoms Period]]. Kisao Ishizuki of the [[Sapporo University]] suggested that the Mishihase was the [[Nivkh people|Gilyak]] belonging to the [[Okhotsk culture]] on ''[[Hokkaido Shimbun]]'' in 1979.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kamuimintara.net/detail.php?rskey=21198707t01|title=オホーツク文化人とモヨロ貝塚　網走|work=Kamuimintara|publisher=Rinyu Kanko|year=1987|month=August|accessdate=January 31, 2011|language=Japanese}}</ref>
Some historians consider that the Mishihase were identical to the [[Tungusic peoples|Tungusic]] Sushen in Chinese records,<ref>{{cite book|last= Reider|first= Noriko T.|title= Japanese Demon Lore: Oni from Ancient Times to the Present|url= https://archive.org/details/JapaneseDemonLore|year= 2010|isbn= 978-0-87421-794-0|page=21|publisher= University Press of Colorado}}</ref> but others think that the [[Japanese people]] named the indigenous people in the northeast based on their knowledge of Chinese records, just as the Chinese did during the [[Three Kingdoms]] period. Most, including Kisao Ishizuki (1979) of the [[Sapporo University]], suggest that the Mishihase were the [[Nivkh people|Nivkhs]] belonging to the [[Okhotsk culture]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kamuimintara.net/detail.php?rskey=21198707t01|script-title=ja:オホーツク文化人とモヨロ貝塚 網走|work=Kamuimintara|publisher=Rinyu Kanko|date=August 1987|accessdate=January 31, 2011|language=Japanese}}</ref>

They are believed to have spoken a [[Tungusic languages|Tungusic]] language.{{Citation needed|date=February 2008}}


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
<references/>

{{Ethnic groups in Japan}}


[[Category:Tribes of ancient Japan]]
[[Category:Tribes of ancient Japan]]
[[Category:Oni]]


{{ethno-stub}}
{{ethno-stub}}
{{japan-hist-stub}}
{{japan-hist-stub}}

[[ko:식신|미시하세]]
[[ja:粛慎]]
[[zh:粛慎]]

Latest revision as of 21:41, 3 October 2024

"Shukushin" redirects here. Not to be confused with Shakushain.

The Mishihase (粛填), also read as Ashihase and Shukushin, were a people of ancient Japan, believed to have lived along the northern portion of the coast of the Sea of Japan. The term Sushen, rendered 肅愼, is found in Chinese records, but is annotated as Mishihase or Ashihase in Japanese language documents, which should have developed into *Mishiwase or *Ashiwase in modern Japanese if the word had survived in colloquial speech.

According to the Nihon Shoki, the Mishihase first arrived at Sado Island during the reign of Emperor Kinmei. In 660, Japanese General Abe no Hirafu defeated the Mishihase in "Watarishima" at the request of the native inhabitants. During the Edo period, Arai Hakuseki proposed that Watarishima was Ezo, which was later renamed Hokkaidō. The battle place was recorded as the mouth of a large river, which is proposed to be Ishikari River.[1]

Some historians consider that the Mishihase were identical to the Tungusic Sushen in Chinese records,[2] but others think that the Japanese people named the indigenous people in the northeast based on their knowledge of Chinese records, just as the Chinese did during the Three Kingdoms period. Most, including Kisao Ishizuki (1979) of the Sapporo University, suggest that the Mishihase were the Nivkhs belonging to the Okhotsk culture.[3]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Ｑ 奥尻島の意味は (in Japanese). Hokkaido Shimbun. November 9, 2002. Archived from the original on July 19, 2011. Retrieved January 31, 2011.
  2. ^ Reider, Noriko T. (2010). Japanese Demon Lore: Oni from Ancient Times to the Present. University Press of Colorado. p. 21. ISBN 978-0-87421-794-0.
  3. ^ オホーツク文化人とモヨロ貝塚 網走. Kamuimintara (in Japanese). Rinyu Kanko. August 1987. Retrieved January 31, 2011.
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