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Adding local short description: "German soldier and civil servant (1890–1962)", overriding Wikidata description "soldier, civil servant and officer in the Schutzstaffel, Feldpolizeikommissar, commandant of Dachau concentration camp (1890-1962)"
 
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{{Short description|German soldier and civil servant (1890–1962)}}
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'''Heinrich Deubel''' (19 February 1890 – 2 October 1962) was a [[Germany|German]] soldier, civil servant and officer in the [[Schutzstaffel]] who served as commandant of [[Dachau concentration camp]].
{{Infobox military person
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|name = Heinrich Deubel
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|birth_date = {{birth date|1890|2|19|df=y}}
|birth_place = [[Ortenburg (Bavaria)|Ortenburg]], [[Kingdom of Bavaria]], [[German Empire]]
|death_date = {{death date and age|1962|10|2|1890|2|19|df=y}}
|death_place = [[Dingolfing]], [[Bavaria]], [[West Germany]] (now [[Germany]])
|placeofburial =
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|allegiance = {{flag|German Empire}}<br>{{flag|Nazi Germany}}
|branch = {{Army|German Empire}}<br>{{Army|Nazi Germany}}
|branch_label = Branch
|serviceyears = 1914–1918<br/>1939–1945
|serviceyears_label =
|rank = ''[[Kommandant]]''
|rank_label =
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}}
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'''Heinrich Deubel''' (19 February 1890 &ndash; 2 October 1962) was a German soldier, civil servant, [[World War I]] veteran and officer in the [[Schutzstaffel]] serving as commandant of [[Dachau concentration camp]].


==World War I and Nazi Party membership==
Deubel was born in [[Ortenburg (Bavaria)]]. The son of a postman, he joined the [[German Imperial Army]] and spent 12 years in the service, although he was to spend most of the [[First World War]] in a [[United Kingdom|British]] [[prisoner of war]] camp.<ref>[[Tom Segev]], ''Soldiers of Evil'', Berkley Books, 1991, p. 133</ref> [[Right-wing politics|Right-wing]] by inclination, Deubel had been involved with the [[Freikorps]] and other rightist and [[anti-Semitic]] groups from an early age.<ref name="Segev132"/> He became involved with the Nazis in the early 1920s at the same time as [[Egon Zill]]<ref>Segev, ''Soldiers of Evil'', p. 126</ref> and was amongst the first 200 members of the SS.<ref name="Segev132">Segev, ''Soldiers of Evil'', p. 132</ref> Deubel was a civil servant with the customs office and actually took a leave of absence to join the SS rather than forgo his civil service pension.<ref name="Segev132"/>
Deubel was born in [[Ortenburg (Bavaria)|Ortenburg]], [[Kingdom of Bavaria]]. The son of a postman, he joined the [[German Imperial Army]] and spent 12 years in the service, although he was to spend most of the [[First World War]] in a [[United Kingdom|British]] [[prisoner of war]] camp.<ref>[[Tom Segev]], ''Soldiers of Evil'', Berkley Books, 1991, p. 133</ref> [[Right-wing politics|Right-wing]] by inclination, Deubel had been involved with the [[Freikorps]] and other rightist and [[anti-Semitic]] groups from an early age.<ref name="Segev132"/> He became involved with the Nazis in the early 1920s at the same time as [[Egon Zill]]<ref>Segev, ''Soldiers of Evil'', p. 126</ref> and was amongst the first 200 members of the SS.<ref name="Segev132">Segev, ''Soldiers of Evil'', p. 132</ref> Deubel was a civil servant with the customs office and actually took a leave of absence to join the SS rather than forgo his civil service pension.<ref name="Segev132"/>


==Dachau and World War II==
Deubel was an inspector at [[Dachau concentration camp]] in 1934 when commandant [[Theodor Eicke]] was promoted to a role overseeing all concentration camps. Deubel, by then an [[Oberfuehrer]] in the SS, was nominated by Eicke as his successor.<ref>Charles W. Sydnor, ''Soldiers of Destruction: The SS Death's Head Division, 1933-1945'', Princeton University Press, 1990, p. 18</ref> Deubel commanded the camp from 1 May 1934 until 20 April 1936 with detainees describing his regime as fairly liberal, especially when compared to that of his successor in the role, [[Hans Loritz]].<ref>Pierre Moulin, ''Dachau, Holocaust, and US Samurais: Nisei Soldiers First in Dachau?'', AuthorHouse, 2007, p. 16</ref>
Deubel was an inspector at [[Dachau concentration camp]] in 1934 when commandant [[Theodor Eicke]] was promoted to a role overseeing all concentration camps. Deubel, by then an [[Oberführer]] in the SS, was nominated by Eicke as his successor.<ref>Charles W. Sydnor, ''Soldiers of Destruction: The SS Death's Head Division, 1933-1945'', Princeton University Press, 1990, p. 18</ref> Deubel commanded the camp from 1 May 1934 until 20 April 1936 with detainees describing his regime as fairly liberal, especially when compared to that of his successor in the role, [[Hans Loritz]].<ref>Pierre Moulin, ''Dachau, Holocaust, and US Samurais: Nisei Soldiers First in Dachau?'', AuthorHouse, 2007, p. 16</ref>


During his time as commandant, Deubel did fall foul of [[Heinrich Himmler]] due to a public incident of violence at a time when the SS was developing a reputation for cruelty in Germany and beyond. On Christmas Eve 1934, Deubel was present at [[Passau]] train station when an SS private got into a scuffle with a number of people after delaying the line at a ticket window.<ref name="Segev, Soldiers of Evil, p. 90">Segev, ''Soldiers of Evil'', p. 90</ref> When a policeman stepped in to arrest the private, Deubel intervened, threatening to drag a policeman to the camp to be "whipped as he deserved".<ref name="Segev, Soldiers of Evil, p. 90"/> Deubel would later claim that the incident had happened because he felt it was his duty to defend his fellow SS member as the policeman had forcibly pulled him from the ticket window.<ref>Segev, ''Soldiers of Evil'', p. 91</ref> However the incident earned Deubel a rebuke from Himmler as it was widely discussed in Germany and even reported in sections of the overseas press.<ref>Segev, ''Soldiers of Evil'', p. 20</ref>
During his time as commandant, Deubel did fall foul of [[Heinrich Himmler]] due to a public incident of violence at a time when the SS was developing a reputation for cruelty in Germany and beyond. On Christmas Eve 1934, Deubel was present at [[Passau]] train station when an SS private got into a scuffle with a number of people after delaying the line at a ticket window.<ref name="Segev, Soldiers of Evil, p. 90">Segev, ''Soldiers of Evil'', p. 90</ref> When a policeman stepped in to arrest the private, Deubel intervened, threatening to drag a policeman to the camp to be "whipped as he deserved".<ref name="Segev, Soldiers of Evil, p. 90"/> Deubel would later claim that the incident had happened because he felt it was his duty to defend his fellow SS member as the policeman had forcibly pulled him from the ticket window.<ref>Segev, ''Soldiers of Evil'', p. 91</ref> However the incident earned Deubel a rebuke from Himmler as it was widely discussed in Germany and even reported in sections of the overseas press.<ref>Segev, ''Soldiers of Evil'', p. 20</ref>


==Aftermath and death==
After the [[Second World War]], Deubel was interned until 1948 although ultimately no charges were brought against him by the government of [[West Germany]].<ref>Comite Internationale de Dachau; Barbara Distel, KZ Gedenkstätte Dachau (ed.): ''Konzentrationslager Dachau 1933 bis 1945 - Text- und Bilddokumente zur Ausstellung'', München 2005, p. 98</ref> He died in [[Dingolfing]] town, Bavaria.
After the [[Second World War]], Deubel was interned until 1948, albeit ultimately no charges were brought against him by the government of [[West Germany]].<ref>Comite Internationale de Dachau; Barbara Distel, KZ Gedenkstätte Dachau (ed.): ''Konzentrationslager Dachau 1933 bis 1945 - Text- und Bilddokumente zur Ausstellung'', München 2005, p. 98</ref> He died in the Bavarian town of [[Dingolfing]].


==Awards and ranks==
==Awards and ranks==
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* [[Iron Cross]] First and Second Class
* [[Iron Cross]] First and Second Class
{{col-break}}


{| class="wikitable float-right"
{| class="wikitable"
|- bgcolor="silver"
! colspan="2"|Deubel's SS Ranks<ref name="Tuchel372f">Johannes Tuchel: ''Konzentrationslager: Organisationsgeschichte und Funktion der Inspektion der Konzentrationslager 1934–1938.'' H. Boldt, 1991, {{ISBN|3-7646-1902-3}}, p. 372f.</ref>
! colspan="2"|Deubel's SS Ranks<ref name="Tuchel372f">Johannes Tuchel: ''Konzentrationslager: Organisationsgeschichte und Funktion der Inspektion der Konzentrationslager 1934–1938.'' H. Boldt, 1991, {{ISBN|3-7646-1902-3}}, p. 372f.</ref>
|-
|- bgcolor="silver"
!Date
!Date
!Rank
!Rank
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==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Deubel, Heinrich}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Deubel, Heinrich}}
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[[Category:People from Passau (district)]]
[[Category:People from Passau (district)]]
[[Category:People from the Kingdom of Bavaria]]
[[Category:People from the Kingdom of Bavaria]]
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[[Category:German military personnel of World War I]]
[[Category:German prisoners of war in World War I]]
[[Category:German prisoners of war in World War I]]
[[Category:World War I prisoners of war held by the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:World War I prisoners of war held by the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:German Nazi politicians]]
[[Category:Nazi Party politicians]]
[[Category:SS-Oberführer]]
[[Category:SS-Oberführer]]
[[Category:Dachau concentration camp personnel]]
[[Category:Dachau concentration camp personnel]]
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[[Category:German civil servants]]
[[Category:Nazis who served in World War I]]
[[Category:20th-century Freikorps personnel]]
[[Category:20th-century Freikorps personnel]]
[[Category:Nazi concentration camp commandants]]
[[Category:Nazi concentration camp commandants]]
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[[Category:Recipients of the Iron Cross (1914), 1st class]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Iron Cross (1914), 1st class]]
[[Category:Kapp Putsch participants]]
[[Category:Kapp Putsch participants]]
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[[Category:20th-century German civil servants]]
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[[Category:German Army personnel of World War I]]

Latest revision as of 17:48, 28 September 2024

Heinrich Deubel
Born(1890-02-19)19 February 1890
Ortenburg, Kingdom of Bavaria, German Empire
Died2 October 1962(1962-10-02) (aged 72)
Dingolfing, Bavaria, West Germany (now Germany)
Allegiance German Empire
 Nazi Germany
Branch Imperial German Army
 German Army
Years of service1914–1918
1939–1945
RankKommandant
Battles / warsWorld War I
World War II

Heinrich Deubel (19 February 1890 – 2 October 1962) was a German soldier, civil servant, World War I veteran and officer in the Schutzstaffel serving as commandant of Dachau concentration camp.

World War I and Nazi Party membership

[edit]

Deubel was born in Ortenburg, Kingdom of Bavaria. The son of a postman, he joined the German Imperial Army and spent 12 years in the service, although he was to spend most of the First World War in a British prisoner of war camp.[1] Right-wing by inclination, Deubel had been involved with the Freikorps and other rightist and anti-Semitic groups from an early age.[2] He became involved with the Nazis in the early 1920s at the same time as Egon Zill[3] and was amongst the first 200 members of the SS.[2] Deubel was a civil servant with the customs office and actually took a leave of absence to join the SS rather than forgo his civil service pension.[2]

Dachau and World War II

[edit]

Deubel was an inspector at Dachau concentration camp in 1934 when commandant Theodor Eicke was promoted to a role overseeing all concentration camps. Deubel, by then an Oberführer in the SS, was nominated by Eicke as his successor.[4] Deubel commanded the camp from 1 May 1934 until 20 April 1936 with detainees describing his regime as fairly liberal, especially when compared to that of his successor in the role, Hans Loritz.[5]

During his time as commandant, Deubel did fall foul of Heinrich Himmler due to a public incident of violence at a time when the SS was developing a reputation for cruelty in Germany and beyond. On Christmas Eve 1934, Deubel was present at Passau train station when an SS private got into a scuffle with a number of people after delaying the line at a ticket window.[6] When a policeman stepped in to arrest the private, Deubel intervened, threatening to drag a policeman to the camp to be "whipped as he deserved".[6] Deubel would later claim that the incident had happened because he felt it was his duty to defend his fellow SS member as the policeman had forcibly pulled him from the ticket window.[7] However the incident earned Deubel a rebuke from Himmler as it was widely discussed in Germany and even reported in sections of the overseas press.[8]

Aftermath and death

[edit]

After the Second World War, Deubel was interned until 1948, albeit ultimately no charges were brought against him by the government of West Germany.[9] He died in the Bavarian town of Dingolfing.

Awards and ranks

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Tom Segev, Soldiers of Evil, Berkley Books, 1991, p. 133
  2. ^ a b c Segev, Soldiers of Evil, p. 132
  3. ^ Segev, Soldiers of Evil, p. 126
  4. ^ Charles W. Sydnor, Soldiers of Destruction: The SS Death's Head Division, 1933-1945, Princeton University Press, 1990, p. 18
  5. ^ Pierre Moulin, Dachau, Holocaust, and US Samurais: Nisei Soldiers First in Dachau?, AuthorHouse, 2007, p. 16
  6. ^ a b Segev, Soldiers of Evil, p. 90
  7. ^ Segev, Soldiers of Evil, p. 91
  8. ^ Segev, Soldiers of Evil, p. 20
  9. ^ Comite Internationale de Dachau; Barbara Distel, KZ Gedenkstätte Dachau (ed.): Konzentrationslager Dachau 1933 bis 1945 - Text- und Bilddokumente zur Ausstellung, München 2005, p. 98
  10. ^ Johannes Tuchel: Konzentrationslager: Organisationsgeschichte und Funktion der Inspektion der Konzentrationslager 1934–1938. H. Boldt, 1991, ISBN 3-7646-1902-3, p. 372f.
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