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{{Infobox person
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[[File:DavidParish.jpg|thumb|right|Portrait and signature of David Parish. Portrait is from an engraved miniature painted on ivory in 1810.<ref name=Hough/>]]
| name = <!-- use common name/article title -->
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'''David Parish''' (1778 – April 27, 1826) was a [[Germany|German]]-born land speculator and financier who played a major role in financing the [[United States]] military effort in the [[War of 1812]] and in chartering the [[Second Bank of the United States]].<ref name=EconHistory>"The American Career of David Parish," by Philip G. Walters, Raymond Walters, Jr. ''The Journal of Economic History'', Vol. 4, No. 2 (Nov., 1944), pp. 149-166</ref>
| image = DavidParish.jpg
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| caption = Portrait and signature of David Parish. Portrait is from an engraved miniature painted on ivory in 1810.<ref name=Hough/>
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1778|12|04}}
| birth_place = [[Hamburg, Germany|Free Imperial City of Hamburg]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1826|04|27|1778|12|04}}
| death_place = [[Vienna, Austria|Vienna, Austrian Empire]]
| nationality = German and American
| occupation = Merchant and Land Speculator
| years_active =
| known_for =
| notable_works =
}}


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'''David Parish''' (December 4, 1778{{spaced ndash}}April 27, 1826) was a [[Germany|German]]-born land speculator and financier who played a major role in financing the [[United States]] military effort in the [[War of 1812]] and in chartering the [[Second Bank of the United States]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Walters |first=Philip G. |last2=Walters |first2=Raymond |date=1944 |title=The American Career of David Parish |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2113881 |journal=The Journal of Economic History |volume=4 |issue=2 |pages=149–166 |issn=0022-0507}}</ref>
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==Early life & career==
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Parish was born in 1778 in [[Hamburg, Germany]], the grandson of an English merchant who had transferred his business to Hamburg from Scotland.<ref name=MilitaryHistory>"[http://www.jstor.org/pss/1985612 David Parish and the War of 1812]," by J. Mackay Hitsman, ''Military Affairs'', Vol. 26, No. 4 (Winter, 1962-1963), pp. 171-177. {{doi|10.2307/1985612}}</ref>


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==Early life==
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Parish emigrated to the United States in 1806, settling first in Philadelphia, then two years later acquired 200,000 acres of land in the St. Lawrence River Valley to sell as farmland to settlers. Further adding to his holdings he profited greatly from arranging a large shipment of gold and silver bullion from Mexico to Napoleon’s France.<ref name="macleans">http://www2.macleans.ca/2012/06/25/the-real-reason-we-won/</ref>
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Parish was born on December 4, 1778, in [[Hamburg]], then known as the Free Imperial City of Hamburg and a state of the [[Holy Roman Empire]]. He is the grandson of [[Scottish people|Scottish]] merchant John Parish, who had transferred his business to Hamburg from [[Leith]], [[Scotland]], in the 1750s.<ref name=MilitaryHistory>"[https://www.jstor.org/pss/1985612 David Parish and the War of 1812]," by J. Mackay Hitsman, ''Military Affairs'', Vol. 26, No. 4 (Winter, 1962-1963), pp. 171-177. {{doi|10.2307/1985612}}</ref><ref name=":0" />


== Life in America ==
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He played a major role in the development of [[St. Lawrence County, New York|St. Lawrence]] and [[Jefferson County, New York|Jefferson]] counties in northern [[New York (state)|New York]] state, where he made his home in [[Ogdensburg, New York|Ogdensburg]] and built a [[blast furnace]] at [[Rossie, New York|Rossie]].<ref name=Hough>''A History of St. Lawrence and Franklin Counties, New York: From the Earliest Period to the Present Time'' by Franklin Benjamin Hough. Albany: Little and Co. 1853.</ref> The town of [[Parishville, New York|Parishville]] is named for him.<ref>[http://history.rays-place.com/ny/parishville-ny.htm History of Parishville, NY]</ref>
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Parish emigrated to the United States in 1806, settling first in [[Philadelphia]], then two years later acquired 200,000 acres of land in the St. Lawrence River Valley to sell as farmland to settlers. Further adding to his holdings he profited greatly from arranging a large shipment of gold and silver bullion from Mexico to Napoleon’s France.<ref name="macleans">[http://www.macleans.ca/2012/06/25/the-real-reason-we-won/ Maclean's]</ref>

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He and his family played a major role in the development of [[St. Lawrence County, New York|St. Lawrence]] and [[Jefferson County, New York|Jefferson]] counties in northern [[New York (state)|New York]] state, where he made his home in [[Ogdensburg, New York|Ogdensburg]] and built a [[blast furnace]] at [[Rossie, New York|Rossie]].<ref name=Hough>''A History of St. Lawrence and Franklin Counties, New York: From the Earliest Period to the Present Time'' by Franklin Benjamin Hough. Albany: Little and Co. 1853.</ref> His 1810 built mansion is now home to the [[Frederic Remington Art Museum]], and was occupied by members of the Parish family until the 1860s. The town of [[Parishville, New York|Parishville]] is named for him, where his family owned a sheep farm and grew [[hops]].<ref>[http://history.rays-place.com/ny/parishville-ny.htm History of Parishville, NY]{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ingram|first=Merritt|date=April 1960|editor-last=Manley|editor-first=Atwood|title=The Ripley Papers and Matildaville|url=http://slcha.org/quarterly/issues/v005no2.pdf|journal=The Quarterly|location=Canton, NY|publisher=St. Lawrence County Historical Association|volume=5| issue = 2|pages=10}}</ref>


Sympathetic to the anti-war [[Federalist Party]], he nevertheless brokered a $7.5 million loan to the cash-strapped Republican administration of [[James Madison]] in 1813 to continue prosecuting the war.<ref>Alan Taylor, ''The Civil War of 1812: American Citizens, British Subjects, Irish Rebels & Indian Allies'', Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 2010, {{ISBN|1400042658}}, {{ISBN|978-1-4000-4265-4}}. pp 275-76.</ref> Historian Alan Taylor asserts that for that support, indispensable with Congress unwilling to raise taxes to fund the conflict, Parish gained the political leverage to insist on neutrality for the St. Lawrence Valley and peace negotiations with the British.<ref>Taylor (2010), p. 275</ref> Despite the strategic military importance of the St. Lawrence Valley, the US made only one half-hearted and disastrous attempt, in November 1813, to use it as an invasion corridor to attack [[Montreal]] and cut off the supply route from [[Lower Canada|Lower]] to [[Upper Canada]]. The rest of the time, American and British interests continued their thriving transborder trade and generally peaceful relations as if there were no war between their countries, a fact Taylor attributes to Parish and his supporters and agents in the valley.<ref>Taylor (2010), pp. 275-77</ref> Throughout the war, the focus of US military operations on land continued to be western Lake Ontario and the strategically marginal [[Niagara peninsula|Niagara Peninsula]].
Sympathetic to the anti-war [[Federalist Party]], he nevertheless brokered a $7.5 million loan to the cash-strapped Republican administration of [[James Madison]] in 1813 to continue prosecuting the war.<ref>Alan Taylor, ''The Civil War of 1812: American Citizens, British Subjects, Irish Rebels & Indian Allies'', Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 2010, {{ISBN|1400042658}}, {{ISBN|978-1-4000-4265-4}}. pp 275-76.</ref> Historian Alan Taylor asserts that for that support, indispensable with Congress unwilling to raise taxes to fund the conflict, Parish gained the political leverage to insist on neutrality for the St. Lawrence Valley and peace negotiations with the British.<ref>Taylor (2010), p. 275</ref> Despite the strategic military importance of the St. Lawrence Valley, the US made only one half-hearted and disastrous attempt, in November 1813, to use it as an invasion corridor to attack [[Montreal]] and cut off the supply route from [[Lower Canada|Lower]] to [[Upper Canada]]. The rest of the time, American and British interests continued their thriving transborder trade and generally peaceful relations as if there were no war between their countries, a fact Taylor attributes to Parish and his supporters and agents in the valley.<ref>Taylor (2010), pp. 275-77</ref> Throughout the war, the focus of US military operations on land continued to be western Lake Ontario and the strategically marginal [[Niagara peninsula|Niagara Peninsula]].


In May 1816, Parish became an American citizen; he returned to Europe in the same year and served as the American consul in [[Antwerp]] briefly.<ref name=":0">Schnurmann, Claudia. [http://www.immigrantentrepreneurship.org/entry.php?rec=12 "His Father’s Favored Son: David Parish."] In ''Immigrant Entrepreneurship: German-American Business Biographies, 1720 to the Present'', vol. 1, edited by Marianne S. Wokeck. German Historical Institute. Last modified April 30, 2015.</ref>
In May 1816, Parish became an American citizen; he returned to Europe in the same year and served as the American consul in [[Antwerp]] from 1819 to 1823. He was removed from office due to controversial loans made to [[Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor|Emperor Francis of Austria]] for a military campaign against Italian independence, which was against the US foreign policy position<ref name=":0">Schnurmann, Claudia. [http://www.immigrantentrepreneurship.org/entry.php?rec=12 "His Father’s Favored Son: David Parish."] In ''Immigrant Entrepreneurship: German-American Business Biographies, 1720 to the Present'', vol. 1, edited by Marianne S. Wokeck. German Historical Institute. Last modified April 30, 2015.</ref>


== Later years and Death ==
Because of an Austrian bank fraud he lost his fortune and, in 1826, drowned himself in the [[Danube River]].<ref name="EconHistory" /><ref name="MilitaryHistory" /><ref name="macleans" /><ref name=":0" />
Because of an Austrian bank fraud he lost his fortune and, in 1826, drowned himself in the [[Danube River]].<ref name=":1" /><ref name="MilitaryHistory" /><ref name="macleans" /> He was buried in the cemetery at [[Währing]].<ref name=":0" />


==In popular culture==
==In popular culture==
Parish was the basis for a character in the novel ''[[Anthony Adverse]]'' by [[Hervey Allen]].<ref name=EconHistory/>
Parish was the basis for a character in the novel ''[[Anthony Adverse]]'' by [[Hervey Allen]].<ref name=":1" />


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|32em}}
{{reflist}}


{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Parish, David}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Parish, David}}
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[[Category:People from Ogdensburg, New York]]
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[[Category:People of the War of 1812]]
[[Category:1778 births]]
[[Category:1778 births]]
[[Category:1826 deaths]]
[[Category:1826 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Hamburg]]
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[[Category:People from Ogdensburg, New York]]
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[[Category:People of the War of 1812]]
[[Category:Immigrants to the United States]]
[[Category:Suicides by drowning]]
[[Category:Suicides by drowning]]
[[Category:Land speculation in the United States]]

Latest revision as of 21:27, 21 September 2024

David Parish
Portrait and signature of David Parish. Portrait is from an engraved miniature painted on ivory in 1810.[1]
Born(1778-12-04)December 4, 1778
Free Imperial City of Hamburg
DiedApril 27, 1826(1826-04-27) (aged 47)
Vienna, Austrian Empire
NationalityGerman and American
Occupation(s)Merchant and Land Speculator

David Parish (December 4, 1778 – April 27, 1826) was a German-born land speculator and financier who played a major role in financing the United States military effort in the War of 1812 and in chartering the Second Bank of the United States.[2]

Early life

[edit]

Parish was born on December 4, 1778, in Hamburg, then known as the Free Imperial City of Hamburg and a state of the Holy Roman Empire. He is the grandson of Scottish merchant John Parish, who had transferred his business to Hamburg from Leith, Scotland, in the 1750s.[3][4]

Life in America

[edit]

Parish emigrated to the United States in 1806, settling first in Philadelphia, then two years later acquired 200,000 acres of land in the St. Lawrence River Valley to sell as farmland to settlers. Further adding to his holdings he profited greatly from arranging a large shipment of gold and silver bullion from Mexico to Napoleon’s France.[5]

He and his family played a major role in the development of St. Lawrence and Jefferson counties in northern New York state, where he made his home in Ogdensburg and built a blast furnace at Rossie.[1] His 1810 built mansion is now home to the Frederic Remington Art Museum, and was occupied by members of the Parish family until the 1860s. The town of Parishville is named for him, where his family owned a sheep farm and grew hops.[6][7]

Sympathetic to the anti-war Federalist Party, he nevertheless brokered a $7.5 million loan to the cash-strapped Republican administration of James Madison in 1813 to continue prosecuting the war.[8] Historian Alan Taylor asserts that for that support, indispensable with Congress unwilling to raise taxes to fund the conflict, Parish gained the political leverage to insist on neutrality for the St. Lawrence Valley and peace negotiations with the British.[9] Despite the strategic military importance of the St. Lawrence Valley, the US made only one half-hearted and disastrous attempt, in November 1813, to use it as an invasion corridor to attack Montreal and cut off the supply route from Lower to Upper Canada. The rest of the time, American and British interests continued their thriving transborder trade and generally peaceful relations as if there were no war between their countries, a fact Taylor attributes to Parish and his supporters and agents in the valley.[10] Throughout the war, the focus of US military operations on land continued to be western Lake Ontario and the strategically marginal Niagara Peninsula.

In May 1816, Parish became an American citizen; he returned to Europe in the same year and served as the American consul in Antwerp from 1819 to 1823. He was removed from office due to controversial loans made to Emperor Francis of Austria for a military campaign against Italian independence, which was against the US foreign policy position[4]

Later years and Death

[edit]

Because of an Austrian bank fraud he lost his fortune and, in 1826, drowned himself in the Danube River.[2][3][5] He was buried in the cemetery at Währing.[4]

[edit]

Parish was the basis for a character in the novel Anthony Adverse by Hervey Allen.[2]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b A History of St. Lawrence and Franklin Counties, New York: From the Earliest Period to the Present Time by Franklin Benjamin Hough. Albany: Little and Co. 1853.
  2. ^ a b c Walters, Philip G.; Walters, Raymond (1944). "The American Career of David Parish". The Journal of Economic History. 4 (2): 149–166. ISSN 0022-0507.
  3. ^ a b "David Parish and the War of 1812," by J. Mackay Hitsman, Military Affairs, Vol. 26, No. 4 (Winter, 1962-1963), pp. 171-177. doi:10.2307/1985612
  4. ^ a b c Schnurmann, Claudia. "His Father’s Favored Son: David Parish." In Immigrant Entrepreneurship: German-American Business Biographies, 1720 to the Present, vol. 1, edited by Marianne S. Wokeck. German Historical Institute. Last modified April 30, 2015.
  5. ^ a b Maclean's
  6. ^ History of Parishville, NY[permanent dead link‍]
  7. ^ Ingram, Merritt (April 1960). Manley, Atwood (ed.). "The Ripley Papers and Matildaville" (PDF). The Quarterly. 5 (2). Canton, NY: St. Lawrence County Historical Association: 10.
  8. ^ Alan Taylor, The Civil War of 1812: American Citizens, British Subjects, Irish Rebels & Indian Allies, Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 2010, ISBN 1400042658, ISBN 978-1-4000-4265-4. pp 275-76.
  9. ^ Taylor (2010), p. 275
  10. ^ Taylor (2010), pp. 275-77
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