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{{Infobox nobility title
{{Infobox nobility title
| name = Dukedom of Edinburgh
| name = Dukedom of Edinburgh
| image = Coat of Arms of Edward, Earl of Wessex.svg
| image = Coat of Arms of Edward, Duke of Edinburgh.svg
| image_size =
| image_size =
| alt =
| alt =
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}}
}}


'''Duke of Edinburgh''', named after the city of [[Edinburgh]] in Scotland, is a [[substantive title]] that has been created four times since 1726 for members of the [[British royal family]]. It does not include any territorial landholdings and does not produce any revenue for the title-holder.
'''Duke of Edinburgh''', named after the capital city of [[Scotland]], [[Edinburgh]], is a [[substantive title]] that has been created four times since 1726 for members of the [[British royal family]]. It does not include any territorial landholdings and does not produce any revenue for the title-holder.


The current holder, [[Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh|Prince Edward]], was created duke in 2023 on his 59th birthday by his eldest brother, King [[Charles III]], who formerly held the title. The dukedom had previously been granted to their father, then [[Philip Mountbatten]], on the day of his marriage to then-Princess Elizabeth, the future Queen [[Elizabeth II]]. Upon Philip's death, the title was inherited by Charles and held by him until Elizabeth died and Charles became king, at which time the title reverted to [[the Crown]].
The current holder, [[Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh|Prince Edward]], was created duke in 2023 on his 59th birthday by his eldest brother, King [[Charles III]]. The dukedom had previously been granted to their father, then [[Philip Mountbatten]], on the day of his marriage to then-Princess Elizabeth, the future Queen [[Elizabeth II]]. Upon Philip's death, the title was inherited by Charles and held by him until Elizabeth died and Charles became king, at which time the title reverted to [[the Crown]].


==1726 creation==
==1726 creation==
[[File:Frederick Lewis, Prince of Wales by Philip Mercier.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Frederick, Prince of Wales]] (1707–1751) was the first Duke of Edinburgh, from 1726 until his death]]
[[File:Frederick Lewis, Prince of Wales by Philip Mercier.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Frederick, Prince of Wales]] (1707–1751) was the first Duke of Edinburgh, from 1726 until his death.]]
The title was first created in the [[Peerage of Great Britain]] on 26&nbsp;July 1726 by King [[George I of Great Britain|George&nbsp;I]], who bestowed it on his grandson [[Frederick, Prince of Wales|Prince Frederick]], who subsequently became [[Prince of Wales]] in 1728. The [[subsidiary titles]] of the dukedom were Marquess of the Isle of Ely,<ref name=TCP>{{cite book |first = G. E. |last = Cokayne |author-link = George Edward Cokayne |editor1-link = Vicary Gibbs (St Albans MP) |editor1-first = Vicary |editor1-last = Gibbs |editor2-first = H. A. |editor2-last = Doubleday |title = [[The Complete Peerage]] |edition = 2nd |volume = 5: Eardley of Spalding to Goojerat |location = London |publisher = St. Catherine Press |year = 1926 |pages = [https://archive.org/details/CokayneG.E.TheCompletePeerageSecondEditionVolume5EAGO/page/n7/mode/2up 6–8] }}</ref> Earl of Eltham, in the County of Kent,<ref name="gazette12july1726">{{London Gazette |issue=6494 |date=12 July 1726 |page=1}}</ref> Viscount of Launceston, in the County of Cornwall, and Baron of Snowdon, in the County of Caernarvon, all of which were also in the Peerage of Great Britain. The marquessate was [[London Gazette|gazetted]] as Marquess of the [[Isle of Wight]],<ref name="gazette12july1726"/> apparently erroneously. In later editions of the ''[[London Gazette]]'' the Duke is referred to as the Marquess of the [[Isle of Ely]].<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=6741 |date=4 January 1728 |page=2 }}</ref><ref>{{London Gazette |issue=9050 |date=16 April 1751 |page=1 }}</ref> Upon Frederick's death, the titles were inherited by his son Prince George. When Prince George became [[George III of the United Kingdom|King George&nbsp;III]] in 1760, the titles [[merged in the Crown]] and ceased to exist.<ref name=TCP/>
The title was first created in the [[Peerage of Great Britain]] on 26 July 1726 by King [[George I of Great Britain|George I]], who bestowed it on his grandson [[Frederick, Prince of Wales|Prince Frederick]], who subsequently became [[Prince of Wales]] in 1728. The [[subsidiary titles]] of the dukedom were Marquess of the Isle of Ely,<ref name=TCP>{{cite book |first = G. E. |last = Cokayne |author-link = George Edward Cokayne |editor1-link = Vicary Gibbs (St Albans MP) |editor1-first = Vicary |editor1-last = Gibbs |editor2-first = H. A. |editor2-last = Doubleday |title = [[The Complete Peerage]] |edition = 2nd |volume = 5: Eardley of Spalding to Goojerat |location = London |publisher = St. Catherine Press |year = 1926 |pages = [https://archive.org/details/CokayneG.E.TheCompletePeerageSecondEditionVolume5EAGO/page/n7/mode/2up 6–8] }}</ref> Earl of Eltham, in the County of Kent,<ref name="gazette12july1726">{{London Gazette |issue=6494 |date=12 July 1726 |page=1}}</ref> Viscount of Launceston, in the County of Cornwall, and Baron of Snowdon, in the County of Caernarvon, all of which were also in the Peerage of Great Britain. The marquessate was [[London Gazette|gazetted]] as Marquess of the [[Isle of Wight]],<ref name="gazette12july1726"/> apparently erroneously. In later editions of the ''[[London Gazette]]'' the Duke is referred to as the Marquess of the [[Isle of Ely]].<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=6741 |date=4 January 1728 |page=2 }}</ref><ref>{{London Gazette |issue=9050 |date=16 April 1751 |page=1 }}</ref> Upon Frederick's death, the titles were inherited by his son Prince George. When Prince George became [[George III of the United Kingdom|King George III]] in 1760, the titles [[merged in the Crown]] and ceased to exist.<ref name=TCP/>


==1866 creation==
==1866 creation==


[[Queen Victoria]] re-created the title, this time in the [[Peerage of the United Kingdom]], on 24&nbsp;May 1866 for her second son [[Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha|Prince Alfred]], instead of [[Duke of York]], the traditional title of the second son of the monarch. The subsidiary titles of the dukedom were Earl of Kent and Earl of Ulster, also in the Peerage of the United Kingdom.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=23119 |date=25 May 1866 |page=3127}}</ref> When Alfred became the [[Saxe-Coburg and Gotha#Dukes of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (1826–1918)|Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]] in 1893, he retained his British titles. His only son that survived birth, [[Alfred, Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]], committed suicide in 1899, so the Dukedom of Edinburgh and subsidiary titles became extinct upon the elder Alfred's death in 1900.<ref name=TCP/>
[[Queen Victoria]] re-created the title, this time in the [[Peerage of the United Kingdom]], on 24 May 1866 for her second son [[Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha|Prince Alfred]], instead of [[Duke of York]], the traditional title of the second son of the monarch. The subsidiary titles of the dukedom were Earl of Kent and Earl of Ulster, also in the Peerage of the United Kingdom.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=23119 |date=25 May 1866 |page=3127}}</ref> When Alfred became the [[Saxe-Coburg and Gotha#Dukes of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (1826–1918)|Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]] in 1893, he retained his British titles. His only son that survived birth, [[Alfred, Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]], committed suicide in 1899, so the Dukedom of Edinburgh and subsidiary titles became extinct upon the elder Alfred's death in 1900.<ref name=TCP/>


==1947 creation==
==1947 creation==


The title was created for a third time on 19&nbsp;November 1947 by King [[George&nbsp;VI]],<ref name="third">{{London Gazette |issue=38128 |date=21 November 1947 |page=5495}}</ref> who bestowed it on his son-in-law [[Philip Mountbatten]], when he married [[Elizabeth II|Princess Elizabeth]]. Subsequently, Elizabeth was styled "HRH The Princess Elizabeth, [[Duchess of Edinburgh]]" until her accession in 1952.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kate to become Duchess of Cambridge |url=https://www.smh.com.au/world/kate-to-become-duchess-of-cambridge-20110429-1e0di.html |website=The Sydney Morning Herald |date=29 April 2011 |access-date=11 May 2023}}</ref> The subsidiary titles of the dukedom were [[Earl of Merioneth]] and [[Baron Greenwich]], of Greenwich in the County of London; all these titles were in the [[Peerage of the United Kingdom]].<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=38128 |date=21 November 1947 |page=5496 }}</ref> Earlier that year, Philip had renounced his Greek and Danish royal titles (he was born a prince of Greece and Denmark, being a male-line grandson of King [[George I of Greece]] and male-line great-grandson of King [[Christian IX of Denmark]]) along with his rights to the Greek throne. In 1957, Philip became a [[prince of the United Kingdom]].<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=41009 |date=22 February 1957 |page=1209 }}</ref>
The title was created for a third time on 19 November 1947 by King [[George VI]],<ref name="third">{{London Gazette |issue=38128 |date=21 November 1947 |page=5495}}</ref> who bestowed it on his future son-in-law [[Philip Mountbatten]], when he married [[Elizabeth II|Princess Elizabeth]]. Subsequently, Elizabeth was styled "HRH The Princess Elizabeth, [[Duchess of Edinburgh]]" until her accession in 1952.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kate to become Duchess of Cambridge |url=https://www.smh.com.au/world/kate-to-become-duchess-of-cambridge-20110429-1e0di.html |website=The Sydney Morning Herald |date=29 April 2011 |access-date=11 May 2023}}</ref> The subsidiary titles of the dukedom were [[Earl of Merioneth]] and [[Baron Greenwich]], of Greenwich in the County of London; all these titles were in the [[Peerage of the United Kingdom]].<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=38128 |date=21 November 1947 |page=5496 }}</ref> Earlier that year, Philip had renounced his Greek and Danish royal titles (he was born a prince of Greece and Denmark, being a male-line grandson of King [[George I of Greece]] and male-line great-grandson of King [[Christian IX of Denmark]]) along with his rights to the Greek throne. In 1957, Philip became a [[prince of the United Kingdom]].<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=41009 |date=22 February 1957 |page=1209 }}</ref>


Upon Philip's death on 9&nbsp;April 2021, his eldest son, [[Charles, Prince of Wales]], succeeded to all of his hereditary titles.<ref name=COA>{{cite web|url=https://www.college-of-arms.gov.uk/news-grants/news/item/187-hrh-the-duke-of-edinburgh|title=HRH The Duke of Edinburgh|work=College of Arms|date=9 April 2021|accessdate=9 April 2021|archive-date=11 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411005304/https://www.college-of-arms.gov.uk/news-grants/news/item/187-hrh-the-duke-of-edinburgh|url-status=live}}</ref> Upon Charles's accession to the throne on 8&nbsp;September 2022, the peerages [[merged in the Crown]] and ceased to exist.<ref>{{cite news |title=Who is the Duke of Edinburgh now? |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/uk/who-is-duke-of-edinburgh-king-charles-philip-b1025854.html |access-date=12 March 2023 |work=Evening Standard |date=15 September 2022}}</ref>
Upon Philip's death on 9 April 2021, his eldest son, [[Charles III|Charles, Prince of Wales]], succeeded to all of his hereditary titles.<ref name=COA>{{cite web|url=https://www.college-of-arms.gov.uk/news-grants/news/item/187-hrh-the-duke-of-edinburgh|title=HRH The Duke of Edinburgh|work=College of Arms|date=9 April 2021|accessdate=9 April 2021|archive-date=11 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411005304/https://www.college-of-arms.gov.uk/news-grants/news/item/187-hrh-the-duke-of-edinburgh|url-status=live}}</ref> Upon Charles's accession to the throne on 8 September 2022, the peerages [[merged in the Crown]] and ceased to exist.<ref>{{cite news |title=Who is the Duke of Edinburgh now? |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/uk/who-is-duke-of-edinburgh-king-charles-philip-b1025854.html |access-date=12 March 2023 |work=Evening Standard |date=15 September 2022}}</ref>


==2023 creation==
==2023 creation==
It was announced in 1999, at the time of [[Wedding of Prince Edward and Sophie Rhys-Jones|his wedding]], that [[Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex|Prince Edward]] would eventually be granted the Dukedom of Edinburgh.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.royal.gov.uk/ThecurrentRoyalFamily/TheEarlofWessex/The%20Earl%20of%20Wessex.aspx |title=The Earl of Wessex |publisher=Royal.gov.uk |access-date=2010-10-30 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101203012826/http://www.royal.gov.uk/ThecurrentRoyalFamily/TheEarlofWessex/The%20Earl%20of%20Wessex.aspx |archive-date=3 December 2010 }}</ref> The idea came from Prince Philip, who unexpectedly conveyed his wish to Edward and his fiancée, [[Sophie Rhys-Jones]], only days before their wedding. Edward, then seventh in the [[line of succession to the British throne]], had expected the dukedom to be granted to [[Prince Andrew]], his older brother.<ref name=Tominey>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/royal-family/2023/03/10/prince-edward-new-duke-edinburgh-title-palace-process/|title=Prince Edward may have the Duke of Edinburgh title – but getting it wasn't easy"|work=The Telegraph|first=Camilla|last=Tominey|date=10 March 2023|accessdate=10 March 2023}}</ref>
It was announced in 1999, at the time of [[Wedding of Prince Edward and Sophie Rhys-Jones|his wedding]], that [[Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex|Prince Edward]] would eventually be granted the Dukedom of Edinburgh.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.royal.gov.uk/ThecurrentRoyalFamily/TheEarlofWessex/The%20Earl%20of%20Wessex.aspx |title=The Earl of Wessex |publisher=Royal.gov.uk |access-date=2010-10-30 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101203012826/http://www.royal.gov.uk/ThecurrentRoyalFamily/TheEarlofWessex/The%20Earl%20of%20Wessex.aspx |archive-date=3 December 2010 }}</ref> The idea came from Prince Philip, who unexpectedly conveyed his wish to Edward and his fiancée, [[Sophie, Duchess of Edinburgh|Sophie Rhys-Jones]], only days before their wedding. Edward, then seventh in the [[line of succession to the British throne]], had expected the dukedom to be granted to [[Prince Andrew]], his older brother.<ref name=Tominey>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/royal-family/2023/03/10/prince-edward-new-duke-edinburgh-title-palace-process/|title=Prince Edward may have the Duke of Edinburgh title – but getting it wasn't easy|work=The Telegraph|first=Camilla|last=Tominey|date=10 March 2023|accessdate=10 March 2023}}</ref>


Prince Philip died in April 2021. His dukedom was inherited by his eldest son, Prince Charles, who was to give it to Edward upon becoming king according to Philip's wish. Edward, who had by then dropped to the 14th place in the line of succession due to births of those higher in line, said in June that him getting such a prestigious title was "a pipe dream of my father’s".<ref name="Tominey" /> In July, ''[[The Times]]'' reported that Charles had decided not to give the title to his brother.<ref>{{cite news |title=Edward wants to be Duke of Edinburgh but his brother is not on his side |first=Roya |last=Nikkhah |date=11 July 2021 |newspaper=[[The Times]] |url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/edward-wants-to-be-duke-of-edinburgh-but-his-brother-is-not-on-his-side-77v25z3b0 |access-date=13 July 2021 |url-access=limited |archive-date=12 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210712220756/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/edward-wants-to-be-duke-of-edinburgh-but-his-brother-is-not-on-his-side-77v25z3b0 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Clarence House]] did not deny the reports, which were met with disapproval by commentators due to Edward and Sophie's increased role in the monarchy after Andrew withdrew from public life and Charles's son [[Prince Harry]] and daughter-in-law [[Meghan, Duchess of Sussex|Meghan]] quit royal duties.<ref name="Tominey" />
Prince Philip died in April 2021. His dukedom was inherited by his eldest son, Prince Charles, before it 'merged in the Crown' when Charles became King. The dukedom was then recreated for Prince Edward, in accordance with Prince Philip's wishes. Edward, who had by then dropped to the 14th place in the line of succession because of births of those higher in line, said in June that him getting such a prestigious title was "a pipe dream of my father's".<ref name="Tominey" /> In July, ''[[The Times]]'' reported that Charles had decided not to give the title to his brother.<ref>{{cite news |title=Edward wants to be Duke of Edinburgh but his brother is not on his side |first=Roya |last=Nikkhah |date=11 July 2021 |newspaper=[[The Times]] |url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/edward-wants-to-be-duke-of-edinburgh-but-his-brother-is-not-on-his-side-77v25z3b0 |access-date=13 July 2021 |url-access=limited |archive-date=12 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210712220756/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/edward-wants-to-be-duke-of-edinburgh-but-his-brother-is-not-on-his-side-77v25z3b0 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Clarence House]] did not deny the reports, which were met with disapproval by commentators in light of Edward and Sophie's increased role in the monarchy after Andrew withdrew from public life and Charles's son [[Prince Harry]] and daughter-in-law [[Meghan, Duchess of Sussex|Meghan]] quit royal duties.<ref name="Tominey" />


It was suggested in November 2022, shortly after Charles III ascended the throne, that Buckingham Palace was considering saving the dukedom for the new king's granddaughter [[Princess Charlotte of Wales (born 2015)|Princess Charlotte of Wales]] in recognition of her high place in the line of succession and her being the first female member of the [[British royal family|royal family]] whose place in the line of succession cannot be superseded by a younger brother.<ref name="Tominey" />
It was suggested in November 2022, shortly after Charles III ascended the throne, that Buckingham Palace was considering saving the dukedom for the new king's granddaughter [[Princess Charlotte of Wales (born 2015)|Princess Charlotte of Wales]] in recognition of her high place in the line of succession and her being the first female member of the [[British royal family|royal family]] whose place in the line of succession cannot be superseded by a younger brother.<ref name="Tominey" />


The dukedom was bestowed on Prince Edward on the occasion of his 59th birthday on 10 March 2023.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=63995 |date=15 March 2023 |page=4994}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.royal.uk/dukedom-edinburgh|title=The King confers The Dukedom of Edinburgh upon The Prince Edward|work=The Royal Family|date=10 March 2023|accessdate=10 March 2023}}</ref><ref name="BBC">{{cite news |title=King Charles grants Prince Edward Duke of Edinburgh title |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-64913224 |access-date=10 March 2023 |work=BBC News |first=Sean |last=Coughlan |date=10 March 2023}}</ref> This fourth creation of the title is, however, a [[life peerage]], meaning that Edward's son, [[James, Earl of Wessex|James]], will not inherit the dukedom (unlike with Edward's other peerages). This allows Charles to honour his father's wish and reward his brother and sister-in-law while making it possible for Charles's heir-apparent, [[Prince William]], to confer it on one of his children. According to [[Camilla Tominey]] of ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'', there had been concerns regarding the effect that “giv(ing) the Edinburgh dukedom to someone descending fast down the royal ranking” would have on the [[Scottish independence]] debate. She proposes that “the prospect of Scottish independence now looking less likely” in the light of [[Nicola Sturgeon]]’s resignation made the conferral less of a risk.<ref name="Tominey" />
The dukedom was bestowed on Prince Edward on the occasion of his 59th birthday on 10 March 2023.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=63995 |date=15 March 2023 |page=4994}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.royal.uk/dukedom-edinburgh|title=The King confers The Dukedom of Edinburgh upon The Prince Edward|work=The Royal Family|date=10 March 2023|accessdate=10 March 2023|archive-date=10 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310120219/https://www.royal.uk/dukedom-edinburgh|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="BBC">{{cite news |title=King Charles grants Prince Edward Duke of Edinburgh title |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-64913224 |access-date=10 March 2023 |work=BBC News |first=Sean |last=Coughlan |date=10 March 2023}}</ref> This fourth creation of the title is, however, a [[life peerage]], meaning that Edward's son, [[James, Earl of Wessex|James]], will not inherit the dukedom (unlike with Edward's other peerages). This allows Charles to honour his father's wish and reward his brother and sister-in-law while making it possible for Charles's heir-apparent, [[Prince William]], to confer it on one of his children. According to [[Camilla Tominey]] of ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'', there had been concerns regarding the effect that "giv(ing) the Edinburgh dukedom to someone descending fast down the royal ranking" would have on the [[Scottish independence]] debate. She proposes that "the prospect of Scottish independence now looking less likely" in the light of [[Nicola Sturgeon]]'s resignation made the conferral less of a risk.<ref name="Tominey" />


==Dukes of Edinburgh==
==Dukes of Edinburgh==
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{{Nobility table header|name=Duke}}
{{Nobility table header|name=Duke}}
| '''[[Frederick, Prince of Wales|Prince Frederick]]'''<br/>[[House of Hanover]]<br/>1726–1751<br/><small>''also: [[Prince of Wales]] (1728), [[Duke of Cornwall]] (1727, created 1337), [[Duke of Rothesay]] (1727, created 1469)''</small>
| '''[[Frederick, Prince of Wales|Prince Frederick]]'''<br/>[[House of Hanover]]<br/>1726–1751<br/><small>''also: [[Prince of Wales]] (1728), [[Duke of Cornwall]] (1727, created 1337), [[Duke of Rothesay]] (1727, created 1469)''</small>
| [[File:Frederick Prince of Wales.jpg|100px|Prince Frederick]]
| [[File:Frederick Prince of Wales.jpg|125px|Prince Frederick]]
| 1 February 1707<br/>[[Leineschloss]], [[Hanover]]<br/>son of [[George II of Great Britain|King George II]] and [[Caroline of Ansbach|Queen Caroline]]
| 1 February 1707<br/>[[Leineschloss]], [[Hanover]]<br/>son of [[George II of Great Britain|King George II]] and [[Caroline of Ansbach|Queen Caroline]]
| [[Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha]]<br/>17 April 1736<br/>9 children
| [[Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha]]<br/>17 April 1736<br/>9 children
Line 62: Line 62:
|-
|-
| '''[[George III|Prince George]]'''<!-- Do not change name to George III, he was still a prince when he was the duke. --><br/>[[House of Hanover]]<br/>1751–1760<br/><small>''also: [[Prince of Wales]] (1751)''</small>
| '''[[George III|Prince George]]'''<!-- Do not change name to George III, he was still a prince when he was the duke. --><br/>[[House of Hanover]]<br/>1751–1760<br/><small>''also: [[Prince of Wales]] (1751)''</small>
| [[File:George, Prince of Wales, later George III, 1754 by Liotard.jpg|100px|Prince George]]
| [[File:George, Prince of Wales, later George III, 1754 by Liotard.jpg|125px|Prince George]]
| 4 June 1738<br/>[[Norfolk House]], [[London]]<br/>son of [[Frederick, Prince of Wales|Prince Frederick]] and [[Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha|Princess Augusta]]
| 4 June 1738<br/>[[Norfolk House]], [[London]]<br/>son of [[Frederick, Prince of Wales|Prince Frederick]] and [[Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha|Princess Augusta]]
| [[Princess Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz]]<br/>8 September 1761<br/>15 children
| [[Princess Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz]]<br/>8 September 1761<br/>15 children
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|-
|-
| colspan=5|''Prince George succeeded as '''George III''' in 1760 upon his [[George II of Great Britain|grandfather's]] death, and his titles [[merged in the Crown]].''
| colspan=5|''Prince George succeeded as '''George III''' in 1760 upon his [[George II of Great Britain|grandfather's]] death, and his titles [[merged in the Crown]].''

|-
|}
|}


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{{Nobility table header|name=Duke}}
{{Nobility table header|name=Duke}}
| '''[[Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha|Prince Alfred]]'''<br/>[[House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]]<br/>1866–1900<br/>''<small>also [[Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]] (1893)</small>''
| '''[[Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha|Prince Alfred]]'''<br/>[[House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]]<br/>1866–1900<br/>''<small>also [[Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]] (1893)</small>''
| [[File:Alfred-sachsen-coburg-gotha.jpg|100px|Prince Alfred]]
| [[File:Alfred-sachsen-coburg-gotha.jpg|125px|Prince Alfred]]
| 6 August 1844<br/>[[Windsor Castle]], [[Windsor, Berkshire|Windsor]]<br/>son of [[Queen Victoria]] and [[Albert, Prince Consort|Prince Albert]]
| 6 August 1844<br/>[[Windsor Castle]], [[Windsor, Berkshire|Windsor]]<br/>son of [[Queen Victoria]] and [[Albert, Prince Consort|Prince Albert]]
| [[Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia]]<br/>23 January 1874<br/>6 children
| [[Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia]]<br/>23 January 1874<br/>6 children
Line 82: Line 82:
|-
|-
| colspan=5|''Prince Alfred and Grand Duchess Maria had two sons, one stillborn, one who predeceased him; and all his titles became extinct on his death.''
| colspan=5|''Prince Alfred and Grand Duchess Maria had two sons, one stillborn, one who predeceased him; and all his titles became extinct on his death.''

|-
|}
|}


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{{Nobility table header|name=Duke}}
{{Nobility table header|name=Duke}}
| '''[[Prince Philip]]'''<br/>[[Mountbatten family]]/[[House of Glücksburg]] (by birth)<br/>1947–2021<br/>
| '''[[Prince Philip]]'''<br/>[[Mountbatten family]]/[[House of Glücksburg]] (by birth)<br/>1947–2021<br/>
| [[File:Duke of Edinburgh 33 Allan Warren.jpg|100px|Prince Philip]]
| [[File:Duke of Edinburgh 33 Allan Warren.jpg|125px|Prince Philip]]
| 10 June 1921<br/>[[Mon Repos, Corfu|Mon Repos]], [[Corfu]]<br/>son of [[Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark]] and [[Princess Alice of Battenberg]]
| 10 June 1921<br/>[[Mon Repos, Corfu|Mon Repos]], [[Corfu]]<br/>son of [[Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark]] and [[Princess Alice of Battenberg]]
| [[Elizabeth II|Princess Elizabeth]]<br/>[[Wedding of Princess Elizabeth and Philip Mountbatten|20 November 1947]]<br/>4 children
| [[Elizabeth II|Princess Elizabeth]]<br/>[[Wedding of Princess Elizabeth and Philip Mountbatten|20 November 1947]]<br/>4 children
| [[Death of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh|9 April 2021]]<br>[[Windsor Castle]], [[Windsor, Berkshire|Windsor]]<br>aged 99
| [[Death of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh|9 April 2021]]<br/>[[Windsor Castle]], [[Windsor, Berkshire|Windsor]]<br/>aged 99
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''[[Prince Charles]]'''<!-- Do not change name to Charles III, he was still a prince when he was the duke. --><br/>[[House of Windsor]]<br/>2021–2022<br/>{{small|''also: [[Prince of Wales]] (1958), [[Duke of Cornwall]] (1952, created 1337), [[Duke of Rothesay]] (1952, created 1469)''}}
| rowspan="2" | '''[[Prince Charles]]'''<!-- Do not change name to Charles III, he was still a prince when he was the duke. --><br/>[[House of Windsor]]<br/>2021–2022<br/>{{small|''also: [[Prince of Wales]] (1958), [[Duke of Cornwall]] (1952, created 1337), [[Duke of Rothesay]] (1952, created 1469)''}}
| rowspan="2" | [[File:Charles, Prince of Wales in 2021 (cropped) (3).jpg|100px|Prince Charles]]
| rowspan="2" | [[File:Charles, Prince of Wales in 2021 (cropped) (3).jpg|125px|Prince Charles]]
| rowspan="2" | 14 November 1948<br/>[[Buckingham Palace]], London<br/>son of Prince Philip and [[Queen Elizabeth II]]
| rowspan="2" | 14 November 1948<br/>[[Buckingham Palace]], London<br/>son of Prince Philip and [[Queen Elizabeth II]]
| [[Lady Diana Spencer]]<br/>[[Wedding of Prince Charles and Lady Diana Spencer|29 July 1981]]<br/>2 children<br/>{{small|Divorced 28 August 1996}}
| [[Lady Diana Spencer]]<br/>[[Wedding of Prince Charles and Lady Diana Spencer|29 July 1981]]<br/>2 children<br/>{{small|Divorced 28 August 1996}}
| rowspan="2" | Living
| rowspan="2" | Living
|-
|-
| [[Camilla Parker Bowles]]<br/>[[Wedding of Prince Charles and Camilla Parker Bowles|9 April 2005]]<br>No issue
| [[Camilla Parker Bowles]]<br/>[[Wedding of Prince Charles and Camilla Parker Bowles|9 April 2005]]<br/>No issue
|-
|-
| colspan="5" | ''Prince Charles succeeded as '''Charles III''' in 2022 upon his [[Death and state funeral of Elizabeth II|mother's death]], and his titles [[merged in the Crown]].''
| colspan=5|''Prince Charles succeeded as '''Charles III''' in 2022 upon his [[Death and state funeral of Elizabeth II|mother's death]], and his titles [[merged in the Crown]].''

|}
|}


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{{Nobility table header|name=Duke}}
{{Nobility table header|name=Duke}}
| '''[[Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh|Prince Edward]]'''<br/>[[House of Windsor]]<br/>2023–present<br/><small>''also: [[Earl of Wessex]] (1999), [[Earl of Forfar]] (2019), [[Viscount Severn]] (1999)''</small>
| '''[[Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh|Prince Edward]]'''<br/>[[House of Windsor]]<br/>2023–present<br/><small>''also: [[Earl of Wessex]] (1999), [[Earl of Forfar]] (2019), [[Viscount Severn]] (1999)''</small>
| [[File:Prince Edward 2022.jpg|100px|Prince Edward]]
| [[File:Prince Edward 2022.jpg|125px|Prince Edward]]
| 10 March 1964<br/>[[Buckingham Palace]], London<br/>son of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip
| 10 March 1964<br/>[[Buckingham Palace]], London<br/>son of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip
| [[Sophie Rhys-Jones]]<br/>[[Wedding of Prince Edward and Sophie Rhys-Jones|19 June 1999]]<br>2 children
| [[Sophie, Duchess of Edinburgh|Sophie Rhys-Jones]]<br/>[[Wedding of Prince Edward and Sophie Rhys-Jones|19 June 1999]]<br/>2 children
| Living
| Living
|-
|-
| colspan=5|''The dukedom will be held for Prince Edward's [[Life peer|lifetime as a non-hereditary peerage title]].''
| colspan=5|''The dukedom will be held for Prince Edward's [[Life peer|lifetime as a non-hereditary peerage title]].''

|}
|}


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{{DEFAULTSORT:Edinburgh}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Edinburgh}}
[[Category:British monarchy]]
[[Category:Monarchy of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh]]
[[Category:Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh]]
[[Category:Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh]]
[[Category:Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh]]

Latest revision as of 02:43, 11 September 2024

This article is about the title. For the current holder, see Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh. For the holder from 1947 to 2021, see Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. For other uses, see Duke of Edinburgh (disambiguation).

Dukedom of Edinburgh
Arms of Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh
Creation date10 March 2023 (announced)[1]
3 April 2023 (Letters Patent)[2]
CreationFourth
Created byCharles III
PeeragePeerage of the United Kingdom
First holderPrince Frederick
(first creation; 1726)
Present holderPrince Edward
Subsidiary titlesEarl of Wessex
Earl of Forfar
Viscount Severn
StatusExtant

Duke of Edinburgh, named after the capital city of Scotland, Edinburgh, is a substantive title that has been created four times since 1726 for members of the British royal family. It does not include any territorial landholdings and does not produce any revenue for the title-holder.

The current holder, Prince Edward, was created duke in 2023 on his 59th birthday by his eldest brother, King Charles III. The dukedom had previously been granted to their father, then Philip Mountbatten, on the day of his marriage to then-Princess Elizabeth, the future Queen Elizabeth II. Upon Philip's death, the title was inherited by Charles and held by him until Elizabeth died and Charles became king, at which time the title reverted to the Crown.

1726 creation

[edit]
Frederick, Prince of Wales (1707–1751) was the first Duke of Edinburgh, from 1726 until his death.

The title was first created in the Peerage of Great Britain on 26 July 1726 by King George I, who bestowed it on his grandson Prince Frederick, who subsequently became Prince of Wales in 1728. The subsidiary titles of the dukedom were Marquess of the Isle of Ely,[3] Earl of Eltham, in the County of Kent,[4] Viscount of Launceston, in the County of Cornwall, and Baron of Snowdon, in the County of Caernarvon, all of which were also in the Peerage of Great Britain. The marquessate was gazetted as Marquess of the Isle of Wight,[4] apparently erroneously. In later editions of the London Gazette the Duke is referred to as the Marquess of the Isle of Ely.[5][6] Upon Frederick's death, the titles were inherited by his son Prince George. When Prince George became King George III in 1760, the titles merged in the Crown and ceased to exist.[3]

1866 creation

[edit]

Queen Victoria re-created the title, this time in the Peerage of the United Kingdom, on 24 May 1866 for her second son Prince Alfred, instead of Duke of York, the traditional title of the second son of the monarch. The subsidiary titles of the dukedom were Earl of Kent and Earl of Ulster, also in the Peerage of the United Kingdom.[7] When Alfred became the Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha in 1893, he retained his British titles. His only son that survived birth, Alfred, Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, committed suicide in 1899, so the Dukedom of Edinburgh and subsidiary titles became extinct upon the elder Alfred's death in 1900.[3]

1947 creation

[edit]

The title was created for a third time on 19 November 1947 by King George VI,[8] who bestowed it on his future son-in-law Philip Mountbatten, when he married Princess Elizabeth. Subsequently, Elizabeth was styled "HRH The Princess Elizabeth, Duchess of Edinburgh" until her accession in 1952.[9] The subsidiary titles of the dukedom were Earl of Merioneth and Baron Greenwich, of Greenwich in the County of London; all these titles were in the Peerage of the United Kingdom.[10] Earlier that year, Philip had renounced his Greek and Danish royal titles (he was born a prince of Greece and Denmark, being a male-line grandson of King George I of Greece and male-line great-grandson of King Christian IX of Denmark) along with his rights to the Greek throne. In 1957, Philip became a prince of the United Kingdom.[11]

Upon Philip's death on 9 April 2021, his eldest son, Charles, Prince of Wales, succeeded to all of his hereditary titles.[12] Upon Charles's accession to the throne on 8 September 2022, the peerages merged in the Crown and ceased to exist.[13]

2023 creation

[edit]

It was announced in 1999, at the time of his wedding, that Prince Edward would eventually be granted the Dukedom of Edinburgh.[14] The idea came from Prince Philip, who unexpectedly conveyed his wish to Edward and his fiancée, Sophie Rhys-Jones, only days before their wedding. Edward, then seventh in the line of succession to the British throne, had expected the dukedom to be granted to Prince Andrew, his older brother.[15]

Prince Philip died in April 2021. His dukedom was inherited by his eldest son, Prince Charles, before it 'merged in the Crown' when Charles became King. The dukedom was then recreated for Prince Edward, in accordance with Prince Philip's wishes. Edward, who had by then dropped to the 14th place in the line of succession because of births of those higher in line, said in June that him getting such a prestigious title was "a pipe dream of my father's".[15] In July, The Times reported that Charles had decided not to give the title to his brother.[16] Clarence House did not deny the reports, which were met with disapproval by commentators in light of Edward and Sophie's increased role in the monarchy after Andrew withdrew from public life and Charles's son Prince Harry and daughter-in-law Meghan quit royal duties.[15]

It was suggested in November 2022, shortly after Charles III ascended the throne, that Buckingham Palace was considering saving the dukedom for the new king's granddaughter Princess Charlotte of Wales in recognition of her high place in the line of succession and her being the first female member of the royal family whose place in the line of succession cannot be superseded by a younger brother.[15]

The dukedom was bestowed on Prince Edward on the occasion of his 59th birthday on 10 March 2023.[17][18][1] This fourth creation of the title is, however, a life peerage, meaning that Edward's son, James, will not inherit the dukedom (unlike with Edward's other peerages). This allows Charles to honour his father's wish and reward his brother and sister-in-law while making it possible for Charles's heir-apparent, Prince William, to confer it on one of his children. According to Camilla Tominey of The Daily Telegraph, there had been concerns regarding the effect that "giv(ing) the Edinburgh dukedom to someone descending fast down the royal ranking" would have on the Scottish independence debate. She proposes that "the prospect of Scottish independence now looking less likely" in the light of Nicola Sturgeon's resignation made the conferral less of a risk.[15]

Dukes of Edinburgh

[edit]

First creation, 1726

[edit]

Also: Marquess of the Isle of Ely, Earl of Eltham, Viscount Launceston and Baron Snowdon.

Duke Portrait Birth Marriage(s) Death
Prince Frederick
House of Hanover
1726–1751
also: Prince of Wales (1728), Duke of Cornwall (1727, created 1337), Duke of Rothesay (1727, created 1469) 		Prince Frederick 1 February 1707
Leineschloss, Hanover
son of King George II and Queen Caroline 		Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha
17 April 1736
9 children 		31 March 1751
Leicester House, Leicester Square, London
aged 44
Prince George
House of Hanover
1751–1760
also: Prince of Wales (1751) 		Prince George 4 June 1738
Norfolk House, London
son of Prince Frederick and Princess Augusta 		Princess Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
8 September 1761
15 children 		29 January 1820
Windsor Castle, Windsor
aged 81
Prince George succeeded as George III in 1760 upon his grandfather's death, and his titles merged in the Crown.

Second creation, 1866

[edit]

Also: Earl of Kent and Earl of Ulster.

Duke Portrait Birth Marriage(s) Death
Prince Alfred
House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
1866–1900
also Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (1893) 		Prince Alfred 6 August 1844
Windsor Castle, Windsor
son of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert 		Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia
23 January 1874
6 children 		30 July 1900
Schloss Rosenau, Coburg
aged 55
Prince Alfred and Grand Duchess Maria had two sons, one stillborn, one who predeceased him; and all his titles became extinct on his death.

Third creation, 1947

[edit]

Also: Earl of Merioneth and Baron Greenwich.

Duke Portrait Birth Marriage(s) Death
Prince Philip
Mountbatten family/House of Glücksburg (by birth)
1947–2021
 Prince Philip 10 June 1921
Mon Repos, Corfu
son of Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark and Princess Alice of Battenberg 		Princess Elizabeth
20 November 1947
4 children 		9 April 2021
Windsor Castle, Windsor
aged 99
Prince Charles
House of Windsor
2021–2022
also: Prince of Wales (1958), Duke of Cornwall (1952, created 1337), Duke of Rothesay (1952, created 1469) 		Prince Charles 14 November 1948
Buckingham Palace, London
son of Prince Philip and Queen Elizabeth II 		Lady Diana Spencer
29 July 1981
2 children
Divorced 28 August 1996 		Living
Camilla Parker Bowles
9 April 2005
No issue
Prince Charles succeeded as Charles III in 2022 upon his mother's death, and his titles merged in the Crown.

Fourth creation, 2023

[edit]
Duke Portrait Birth Marriage(s) Death
Prince Edward
House of Windsor
2023–present
also: Earl of Wessex (1999), Earl of Forfar (2019), Viscount Severn (1999) 		Prince Edward 10 March 1964
Buckingham Palace, London
son of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip 		Sophie Rhys-Jones
19 June 1999
2 children 		Living
The dukedom will be held for Prince Edward's lifetime as a non-hereditary peerage title.

Family trees

[edit]

Heraldry

[edit]

Here are the achievements of the various Dukes of Edinburgh:

In media

[edit]

A fictional Duke of Edinburgh appears in the 1983 sitcom The Black Adder. Rowan Atkinson plays the title character, Prince Edmund, who is granted the title Duke of Edinburgh by his father, a fictitious King Richard IV.[19]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Coughlan, Sean (10 March 2023). "King Charles grants Prince Edward Duke of Edinburgh title". BBC News. Retrieved 10 March 2023.
  2. ^ "No. 64022". The London Gazette. 6 April 2023. p. 7074.
  3. ^ a b c Cokayne, G. E. (1926). Gibbs, Vicary; Doubleday, H. A. (eds.). The Complete Peerage. Vol. 5: Eardley of Spalding to Goojerat (2nd ed.). London: St. Catherine Press. pp. 6–8.
  4. ^ a b "No. 6494". The London Gazette. 12 July 1726. p. 1.
  5. ^ "No. 6741". The London Gazette. 4 January 1728. p. 2.
  6. ^ "No. 9050". The London Gazette. 16 April 1751. p. 1.
  7. ^ "No. 23119". The London Gazette. 25 May 1866. p. 3127.
  8. ^ "No. 38128". The London Gazette. 21 November 1947. p. 5495.
  9. ^ "Kate to become Duchess of Cambridge". The Sydney Morning Herald. 29 April 2011. Retrieved 11 May 2023.
  10. ^ "No. 38128". The London Gazette. 21 November 1947. p. 5496.
  11. ^ "No. 41009". The London Gazette. 22 February 1957. p. 1209.
  12. ^ "HRH The Duke of Edinburgh". College of Arms. 9 April 2021. Archived from the original on 11 April 2021. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
  13. ^ "Who is the Duke of Edinburgh now?". Evening Standard. 15 September 2022. Retrieved 12 March 2023.
  14. ^ "The Earl of Wessex". Royal.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 3 December 2010. Retrieved 30 October 2010.
  15. ^ a b c d e Tominey, Camilla (10 March 2023). "Prince Edward may have the Duke of Edinburgh title – but getting it wasn't easy". The Telegraph. Retrieved 10 March 2023.
  16. ^ Nikkhah, Roya (11 July 2021). "Edward wants to be Duke of Edinburgh but his brother is not on his side". The Times. Archived from the original on 12 July 2021. Retrieved 13 July 2021.
  17. ^ "No. 63995". The London Gazette. 15 March 2023. p. 4994.
  18. ^ "The King confers The Dukedom of Edinburgh upon The Prince Edward". The Royal Family. 10 March 2023. Archived from the original on 10 March 2023. Retrieved 10 March 2023.
  19. ^ "Blackadder Characters". British Comedy Guide. Retrieved 6 March 2023.
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