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Coordinates: 22°17′N 114°16′E / 22.29°N 114.26°E / 22.29; 114.26
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#REDIRECT [[Tseung Kwan O]]
{{For|the town|Tseung Kwan O}}
{{Use Hong Kong English|date=November 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}}
{{Infobox body of water
| name = Junk Bay
| native_name ={{native name|zh-hant|將軍澳}}
| other_name = Tseung Kwan O
<!-- Images -->
| image = Tseung Kwan O Overview 201406.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Aerial view of Junk Bay, with [[Tseung Kwan O Industrial Estate]] on the right. The waters at the top of the picture are part of [[Port Shelter]].
| image_bathymetry =
| alt_bathymetry =
| caption_bathymetry =
<!-- Stats -->
| location = [[Sai Kung District]], [[New Territories]], [[Hong Kong]]
| group =
| coordinates = {{coord|22.29|N|114.26|E|display=inline,title|region:HK}}<!-- {{coord|DD|MM|SS|N|DD|MM|SS|W|region:ZZ_type:waterbody|display =inline,title}} -->
| type = [[Bay]]
| etymology =
| part_of =
| inflow =
| rivers =
| outflow =
| oceans =
| catchment = <!-- {{convert|VALUE|UNITS}} must be used -->
| basin_countries =
| agency =
| designation =
| date-built = <!-- {{Start date|YYYY|MM|DD}} For man-made and other recent bodies of water -->
| engineer =
| date-flooded = <!-- {{Start date|YYYY|MM|DD}} For man-made and other recent bodies of water -->
| length = <!-- {{convert|VALUE|UNITS}} must be used -->
| width = <!-- {{convert|VALUE|UNITS}} must be used -->
| area = <!-- {{convert|VALUE|UNITS}} must be used -->
| depth = <!-- {{convert|VALUE|UNITS}} must be used -->
| max-depth = <!-- {{convert|VALUE|UNITS}} must be used -->
| volume = <!-- {{convert|VALUE|UNITS}} must be used -->
| residence_time =
| salinity =
| shore = <!-- {{convert|VALUE|UNITS}} must be used -->
| elevation = <!-- {{convert|VALUE|UNITS}} must be used -->
| temperature_high = <!-- {{convert|VALUE|UNITS}} must be used -->
| temperature_low = <!-- {{convert|VALUE|UNITS}} must be used -->
| frozen =
| islands =
| islands_category =
| sections =
| trenches =
| benches =
| cities =
<!-- Map -->
| pushpin_map = Hong Kong
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
<!-- Below -->
| website =
| reference =
}}
{{Chinese
|title=Tseung Kwan O
|t={{linktext|將|軍|澳}} |l=General's Bay
|s={{linktext|将|军|澳}}
|showflag= y
|ci={{IPA-yue|tsœ́ːŋ kʷɐ́n ʔōu|}}
|j=Zoeng1 gwan1 ou3
|y=Dzēung gwān ou
|p=Jiāngjūn'ào
}}

'''Junk Bay''', also known by its Chinese transliteration '''Tseung Kwan O''' or '''Cheung Kwan O''' ({{zh|t=將軍澳}}); is a bay in [[Sai Kung District]], [[New Territories]], [[Hong Kong]]. In the northern tip of the bay lies the [[Tseung Kwan O Village]].
[[File:Junk Bay (Tseung Kwan O), Hong Kong.jpg|thumb|252x252px|View of Junk Bay (Tseung Kwan O) in 2019]]
The [[Tseung Kwan O New Town]], one of the nine [[New towns of Hong Kong|new towns]] in [[Hong Kong]], was mainly built on [[Land reclamation in Hong Kong|reclaimed land]] in the northern half of the bay. The population as of 2011 is about 368,000.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cedd.gov.hk/eng/about/achievements/regional/regi_tko.htm |title=CEDD - About Us |accessdate=2007-02-10 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070211120930/http://www.cedd.gov.hk/eng/about/achievements/regional/regi_tko.htm |archivedate=2007-02-11 }}</ref>

==Name==
In [[Cantonese]], ''Tseung Kwan'' ({{lang|zh-Hant-HK|將軍}}) means the "general" of an army, and ''O'' ({{lang|zh-Hant-HK|澳}}) means "bay". Therefore, ''Tseung Kwan O'' literally means "General's Bay".

The exact origin of the name Tseung Kwan O is unknown, but it is said to be named in honour of a [[Ming Dynasty]] soldier who visited Tseung Kwan O at some point. Another theory is that the name was chosen in the 17th century, when naval battles were fought against [[pirate]]s from [[Japan]] at Tseung Kwan O. Yet another theory is that the pronunciation of "將軍" can sound like "Junk Wan" to the ears of English speakers; ''wan'' is also a transliteration of the Chinese word for "bay" ({{lang|zh-Hant-HK|灣}}).

The current town center of Tseung Kwan O stands on reclaimed land. The English name ''Junk Bay'' was said to be derived from the existence of [[junk (ship)|junk]]s in the bay, and the reclamation land based on the landfill.{{cn|date=May 2023}} The landfill did not exist when the bay was first named, so "junk" very likely refers only to ships, not the detritus deposited there in recent years. This seems to be a common misconception. The first landfill was opened in 1978, decades after Junk Bay was named.<ref>[[Waste management in Hong Kong]]</ref> The [[Fat Tong Chau]] (Junk Island) is in the southeastern part of the bay.

==History and geography==
[[File:Junk Bay 1952.jpg|thumb|250px|Junk Bay in 1950s]]
The bay is near the eastern mouth of Hong Kong's [[Victoria Harbour]].
A local gazette, ''Genuine record of Guangdong province'' (Chinese traditional: 粵大記), clearly contained the place name: 將軍澳 (Chinese characters of Tseung Kwan O). A genuine record of Guangdong province was published during the Ming Dynasty: Residents inhabited Tseung Kwan O area then.

Before the development of the new town, the area around the bay was occupied by fishing towns and villages. Settlements in the area began as early as in the 13th century. Major settlements, however, did not occur until the late 16th century when small fishing villages were founded in the area. Hang Hau quickly emerged into a market town and became the most populated and prosperous place in the whole of Clear Water Bay Peninsula; it continued for the next few centuries as such.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pland.gov.hk/pland_en/press/publication/nt_pamphlet02/tko_html/hist.html|title=Historical Background|website=www.pland.gov.hk}}</ref> Other towns and villages include [[Rennie's Mill (Hong Kong)|Rennie's Mill]] (Tiu Keng Leng), [[Hang Hau]] and [[Yau Yue Wan]]. Rennie's Mill was where [[Kuomintang]] loyalists were settled following the end of the [[Chinese civil war]], and Hang Hau had a ship-building industry.

The [[Hong Kong Government]] had been interested in developing a new town at Hang Hau because of its proximity to the urban area. The project was postponed for a long time owing to the extensive scale of [[Land reclamation in Hong Kong|reclamation]] in the bay, which is rather deep. It finally started under the name of Tseung Kwan O. The area of Tseung Kwan O is about 1,790 ha, with a projected population of 490,000 upon completion.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pland.gov.hk/pland_en/press/publication/nt_pamphlet02/tko_html/geo.html|title=Geographical Location|website=www.pland.gov.hk}}</ref>

Tseung Kwan O today comprises five main areas: Po Lam, Hang Hau, Tseung Kwan O, Tiu Keng Leng and LOHAS Park. All 5 have MTR stations.

==Climate==
<div style="width:80%;">
{{Weather box
|location = Tseung Kwan O (1992–2016)
|metric first = Y
|single line = Y
<!-- Record high temperatures -->
| Jan record high C = 28.0
| Feb record high C = 28.5
| Mar record high C = 29.6
| Apr record high C = 31.8
| May record high C = 34.4
| Jun record high C = 35.5
| Jul record high C = 36.4
| Aug record high C = 37.6
| Sep record high C = 35.8
| Oct record high C = 34.5
| Nov record high C = 32.1
| Dec record high C = 28.8
| year record high C = 37.6
|Jan high C = 18.4
|Feb high C = 19.0
|Mar high C = 20.9
|Apr high C = 24.6
|May high C = 28.0
|Jun high C = 30.2
|Jul high C = 31.3
|Aug high C = 31.3
|Sep high C = 30.2
|Oct high C = 28.0
|Nov high C = 24.6
|Dec high C = 20.4
|year high C = 25.6
|Jan mean C = 15.4
|Feb mean C = 16.2
|Mar mean C = 18.3
|Apr mean C = 22.0
|May mean C = 25.4
|Jun mean C = 27.5
|Jul mean C = 28.3
|Aug mean C = 28.0
|Sep mean C = 27.0
|Oct mean C = 24.8
|Nov mean C = 21.5
|Dec mean C = 17.1
|year mean C = 22.6
|Jan low C = 13.0
|Feb low C = 14.1
|Mar low C = 16.3
|Apr low C = 20.1
|May low C = 23.4
|Jun low C = 25.5
|Jul low C = 25.9
|Aug low C = 25.6
|Sep low C = 24.8
|Oct low C = 22.5
|Nov low C = 19.1
|Dec low C = 14.5
|year low C = 20.4
<!-- Record low temperatures -->
| Jan record low C = 2.1
| Feb record low C = 4.3
| Mar record low C = 7.0
| Apr record low C = 9.8
| May record low C = 15.1
| Jun record low C = 19.9
| Jul record low C = 21.9
| Aug record low C = 22.4
| Sep record low C = 19.2
| Oct record low C = 14.4
| Nov record low C = 8.9
| Dec record low C = 4.0
| year record low C = 2.1
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 33.2
|Feb precipitation mm = 50.5
|Mar precipitation mm = 78.1
|Apr precipitation mm = 151.5
|May precipitation mm = 304.0
|Jun precipitation mm = 508.8
|Jul precipitation mm = 382.8
|Aug precipitation mm = 424.2
|Sep precipitation mm = 302.8
|Oct precipitation mm = 95.0
|Nov precipitation mm = 47.4
|Dec precipitation mm = 28.3
|year precipitation mm = 2406.6
|humidity colour = green
|Jan humidity = 73
|Feb humidity = 80
|Mar humidity = 82
|Apr humidity = 86
|May humidity = 86
|Jun humidity = 86
|Jul humidity = 83
|Aug humidity = 85
|Sep humidity = 81
|Oct humidity = 75
|Nov humidity = 74
|Dec humidity = 70
|year humidity = 80
|source 1 = [[Hong Kong Observatory]]<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.weather.gov.hk/cis/region_climat/JKB/JKB_mean_e.htm
| title = Monthly Means of Meteorological Elements for Tseung Kwan O, 1992-2018
| publisher = Hong Kong Observatory
| accessdate = 5 November 2019}}</ref>
}}
</div>

==Development of Tseung Kwan O==
{{main|Tseung Kwan O New Town}}
In 1983, development of Phase I of the New Town to an initial population of about 175,000 was formally endorsed. By 1986, construction of the two tubes of Tseung Kwan O Tunnel began, which provided potential for further increasing the population of the New Town. To maximize the utilization of the road infrastructure and to meet the demand for land for public housing, the Government decided that the New Town should include a Phase II development, with an increase in the projected population to about 325,000. To cater for redevelopment of the Tiu Keng Leng Cottage Area and to provide land for development of Tseung Kwan O Industrial Estate and deep waterfront industries, in 1988, the Government further decided to proceed with Phase III development of the New Town for about 490,000 people.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pland.gov.hk/pland_en/press/publication/nt_pamphlet02/tko_html/index.html|title=Planning Department – Tseung Kwan O|website=www.pland.gov.hk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pland.gov.hk/pland_en/press/publication/nt_pamphlet02/tko_html/develop.html|title=Government Planned Development|website=www.pland.gov.hk}}</ref>

== Photo gallery ==
<gallery>
Image:Dusk view of Tseung Kwan O Swimming Pool and Sports Centre.JPG|Tseung Kwan O Library at Dusk
Image:Hang Hau 201405.jpg|High density buildings in Hang Hau
Image:Tseung Kwan O Town Centre 201405.jpg|Tseung Kwan O Town Centre
Image:Tseung Kwan O Village 2004.jpg|Tseung Kwan O Village
Image:Po Lam Estate 2013.jpg|Po Lam Estate
Image:Tseung Kwan O Waterfront Promenade Pet Garden 2014.jpg|[[Tseung Kwan O South]]
Image:Tiu Keng Leng to Tseung Kwan O 2019 05.jpg|[[Tiu Keng Leng]] and [[Tseung Kwan O South]]
Image:Above_Tseung_Kwan_O.jpg|Above Tseung Kwan O
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[List of bays in Hong Kong]]
* [[Tiu Keng Leng]]
* [[Po Lam]]

==References==
{{Commons category|Tseung Kwan O}}
{{reflist}}
{{Sai Kung District}}

[[Category:Bays of Hong Kong]]
[[Category:Tseung Kwan O| ]]
[[Category:Sai Kung District]]
[[Category:Restricted areas of Hong Kong red public minibus]]

Latest revision as of 04:07, 7 September 2024

For the town, see Tseung Kwan O.

Junk Bay
Tseung Kwan O
將軍澳 (Chinese)
Aerial view of Junk Bay, with Tseung Kwan O Industrial Estate on the right. The waters at the top of the picture are part of Port Shelter.
Junk Bay is located in Hong Kong
Junk Bay
Junk Bay
LocationSai Kung District, New Territories, Hong Kong
Coordinates22°17′N 114°16′E / 22.29°N 114.26°E / 22.29; 114.26
TypeBay
Tseung Kwan O
Traditional Chinese將軍澳
Simplified Chinese将军澳
Cantonese YaleDzēung gwān ou
Literal meaningGeneral's Bay
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinJiāngjūn'ào
Yue: Cantonese
Yale RomanizationDzēung gwān ou
JyutpingZoeng1 gwan1 ou3
IPA[tsœ́ːŋ kʷɐ́n ʔōu]

Junk Bay, also known by its Chinese transliteration Tseung Kwan O or Cheung Kwan O (Chinese: 將軍澳); is a bay in Sai Kung District, New Territories, Hong Kong. In the northern tip of the bay lies the Tseung Kwan O Village.

View of Junk Bay (Tseung Kwan O) in 2019

The Tseung Kwan O New Town, one of the nine new towns in Hong Kong, was mainly built on reclaimed land in the northern half of the bay. The population as of 2011 is about 368,000.[1]

Name

[edit]

In Cantonese, Tseung Kwan (將軍) means the "general" of an army, and O (澳) means "bay". Therefore, Tseung Kwan O literally means "General's Bay".

The exact origin of the name Tseung Kwan O is unknown, but it is said to be named in honour of a Ming Dynasty soldier who visited Tseung Kwan O at some point. Another theory is that the name was chosen in the 17th century, when naval battles were fought against pirates from Japan at Tseung Kwan O. Yet another theory is that the pronunciation of "將軍" can sound like "Junk Wan" to the ears of English speakers; wan is also a transliteration of the Chinese word for "bay" (灣).

The current town center of Tseung Kwan O stands on reclaimed land. The English name Junk Bay was said to be derived from the existence of junks in the bay, and the reclamation land based on the landfill.[citation needed] The landfill did not exist when the bay was first named, so "junk" very likely refers only to ships, not the detritus deposited there in recent years. This seems to be a common misconception. The first landfill was opened in 1978, decades after Junk Bay was named.[2] The Fat Tong Chau (Junk Island) is in the southeastern part of the bay.

History and geography

[edit]
Junk Bay in 1950s

The bay is near the eastern mouth of Hong Kong's Victoria Harbour. A local gazette, Genuine record of Guangdong province (Chinese traditional: 粵大記), clearly contained the place name: 將軍澳 (Chinese characters of Tseung Kwan O). A genuine record of Guangdong province was published during the Ming Dynasty: Residents inhabited Tseung Kwan O area then.

Before the development of the new town, the area around the bay was occupied by fishing towns and villages. Settlements in the area began as early as in the 13th century. Major settlements, however, did not occur until the late 16th century when small fishing villages were founded in the area. Hang Hau quickly emerged into a market town and became the most populated and prosperous place in the whole of Clear Water Bay Peninsula; it continued for the next few centuries as such.[3] Other towns and villages include Rennie's Mill (Tiu Keng Leng), Hang Hau and Yau Yue Wan. Rennie's Mill was where Kuomintang loyalists were settled following the end of the Chinese civil war, and Hang Hau had a ship-building industry.

The Hong Kong Government had been interested in developing a new town at Hang Hau because of its proximity to the urban area. The project was postponed for a long time owing to the extensive scale of reclamation in the bay, which is rather deep. It finally started under the name of Tseung Kwan O. The area of Tseung Kwan O is about 1,790 ha, with a projected population of 490,000 upon completion.[4]

Tseung Kwan O today comprises five main areas: Po Lam, Hang Hau, Tseung Kwan O, Tiu Keng Leng and LOHAS Park. All 5 have MTR stations.

Climate

[edit]
Climate data for Tseung Kwan O (1992–2016)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 28.0
(82.4) 		28.5
(83.3) 		29.6
(85.3) 		31.8
(89.2) 		34.4
(93.9) 		35.5
(95.9) 		36.4
(97.5) 		37.6
(99.7) 		35.8
(96.4) 		34.5
(94.1) 		32.1
(89.8) 		28.8
(83.8) 		37.6
(99.7)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 18.4
(65.1) 		19.0
(66.2) 		20.9
(69.6) 		24.6
(76.3) 		28.0
(82.4) 		30.2
(86.4) 		31.3
(88.3) 		31.3
(88.3) 		30.2
(86.4) 		28.0
(82.4) 		24.6
(76.3) 		20.4
(68.7) 		25.6
(78.1)
Daily mean °C (°F) 15.4
(59.7) 		16.2
(61.2) 		18.3
(64.9) 		22.0
(71.6) 		25.4
(77.7) 		27.5
(81.5) 		28.3
(82.9) 		28.0
(82.4) 		27.0
(80.6) 		24.8
(76.6) 		21.5
(70.7) 		17.1
(62.8) 		22.6
(72.7)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 13.0
(55.4) 		14.1
(57.4) 		16.3
(61.3) 		20.1
(68.2) 		23.4
(74.1) 		25.5
(77.9) 		25.9
(78.6) 		25.6
(78.1) 		24.8
(76.6) 		22.5
(72.5) 		19.1
(66.4) 		14.5
(58.1) 		20.4
(68.7)
Record low °C (°F) 2.1
(35.8) 		4.3
(39.7) 		7.0
(44.6) 		9.8
(49.6) 		15.1
(59.2) 		19.9
(67.8) 		21.9
(71.4) 		22.4
(72.3) 		19.2
(66.6) 		14.4
(57.9) 		8.9
(48.0) 		4.0
(39.2) 		2.1
(35.8)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 33.2
(1.31) 		50.5
(1.99) 		78.1
(3.07) 		151.5
(5.96) 		304.0
(11.97) 		508.8
(20.03) 		382.8
(15.07) 		424.2
(16.70) 		302.8
(11.92) 		95.0
(3.74) 		47.4
(1.87) 		28.3
(1.11) 		2,406.6
(94.75)
Average relative humidity (%) 73 80 82 86 86 86 83 85 81 75 74 70 80
Source: Hong Kong Observatory[5]

Development of Tseung Kwan O

[edit]
Main article: Tseung Kwan O New Town

In 1983, development of Phase I of the New Town to an initial population of about 175,000 was formally endorsed. By 1986, construction of the two tubes of Tseung Kwan O Tunnel began, which provided potential for further increasing the population of the New Town. To maximize the utilization of the road infrastructure and to meet the demand for land for public housing, the Government decided that the New Town should include a Phase II development, with an increase in the projected population to about 325,000. To cater for redevelopment of the Tiu Keng Leng Cottage Area and to provide land for development of Tseung Kwan O Industrial Estate and deep waterfront industries, in 1988, the Government further decided to proceed with Phase III development of the New Town for about 490,000 people.[6][7]

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tseung Kwan O.
  1. ^ "CEDD - About Us". Archived from the original on 11 February 2007. Retrieved 10 February 2007.
  2. ^ Waste management in Hong Kong
  3. ^ "Historical Background". www.pland.gov.hk.
  4. ^ "Geographical Location". www.pland.gov.hk.
  5. ^ "Monthly Means of Meteorological Elements for Tseung Kwan O, 1992-2018". Hong Kong Observatory. Retrieved 5 November 2019.
  6. ^ "Planning Department – Tseung Kwan O". www.pland.gov.hk.
  7. ^ "Government Planned Development". www.pland.gov.hk.
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