China Zorrilla: Difference between revisions

China Zorrilla
China Zorrilla
	"China" Zorrilla in 1974
Born	Concepción Zorrilla de San Martín Muñoz; 14 March 1922; Montevideo, Uruguay
Died	17 September 2014 (aged 92); Montevideo, Uruguay
Occupation(s)	Actress, director, producer
Years active	1947–2010
Parents	José Luis Zorrilla de San Martín (father); Guma Muñoz del Campo (mother);

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China Zorrilla (Spanish: [ˈtʃina soˈriʝa]; born Concepción Matilde Zorrilla de San Martín Muñoz; 14 March 1922 – 17 September 2014) was an Uruguayan theater, film, and television actress, also director, producer and writer. An immensely popular star in the Rioplatense area, she is often regarded as a "Grand Dame" of the South American theater stage.^[1]^[2]

After a long career in the Uruguayan theater, Zorrilla made over fifty appearances in Argentina's film, theater and TV. Her career took off in Uruguay in the 1950 and 1960s, later she settled in Argentina, where she lived for over 35 years and was popular on TV, theater, and cinema. At 90, she retired and returned to Uruguay, where she died in 2014.

In 2008, Zorrilla was invested Chevalier des Arts et des Lettres by the French Government and in 2011, the Correo Uruguayo (the national postal service in Uruguay) released a print run of 500 commemorative postage stamps dedicated to her.^[3]

Early life

Born in Montevideo into an aristocratic Uruguayan family, "China" was the second of the five daughters of Guma Muñoz del Campo and sculptor José Luis Zorrilla de San Martín (1891–1975),^[2] a disciple of Antoine Bourdelle, responsible for monuments in Uruguay and Argentina. Revered as Uruguay's national poet, her paternal grandfather was Juan Zorrilla de San Martín, author of Tabaré. An artistic family, her older sister, Guma Zorrilla (1919–2001), was a theater costume designer for the Uruguayan stage.

She grew up in Paris with her four sisters. Back in Montevideo, she attended Sagrado Corazón (Holy Cross) School. In 1946, she earned a British Council scholarship to the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in London, where she studied under Greek actress Katina Paxinou.^[4]

Uruguay

Back in her hometown, Zorrilla made her theater debut in Paul Claudel's The Tidings Brought to Mary in 1948. Immediately after, she joined the ensemble of the National Comedy of Uruguay^[5] working for 10 years at the Solís Theatre, where Spanish actress Margarita Xirgu directed her in García Lorca's Blood Wedding, Fernando de Rojas' La Celestina, Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream, Romeo and Juliet, and other classics^[6]

During the 1950s and 1960s, Zorrilla appeared in Bertolt Brecht' Mother Courage and Her Children, "Filomena Marturano", Romeo and Juliet, Macbeth, A Midsummer Night's Dream, Tartuffe. The Seagull, Wilder's Our Town, Neil Simon's Plaza Suite, Giraudoux's The Madwoman of Chaillot, and plays by Pirandello, Peter Ustinov, Tirso de Molina, Lope de Vega, Henrik Ibsen, August Strindberg, J.B. Priestley, and Ferenc Molnár. She received critical acclaim for her performances in Thornton Wilder's The Matchmaker and in Hay Fever as Judith Bliss.^[7]

After a decade at the Comedia Nacional, Zorrilla went on to found the Teatro de la Ciudad de Montevideo with actor Enrique Guarnero and actor-writer Antonio Larreta. The company toured Buenos Aires, Paris, and Madrid, where they won the Spanish Critics Award for their stagings of Federico García Lorca's La zapatera prodigiosa and Lope de Vega in the summer of 1961.

Between 1964 and 1966, Zorrilla took a sabbatical year and lived in New York, where she worked as a French teacher and Broadway secretary. In New York, she staged Canciones para mirar, a children's musical based on texts by Argentine poet Maria Elena Walsh. During her stay in the U.S., Zorrilla was rumoured to have an affair with comedian Danny Kaye, who often mentioned her in interviews.

As a correspondent for the Uruguayan newspaper El País, she covered events such as the Cannes Film Festival for Homero Alsina Thevenet and other international events (later published in a book Diarios de viaje^[8]) and also hosted a talk show for many years.

In opera, she directed Puccini's La bohème, Verdi's Un ballo in maschera at the Solís Theatre and the Montevideo's SODRE and Rossini's Il barbiere di Siviglia at the Teatro Argentino de La Plata in 1977.

2011 – The voice of the narrations of OTRA VIDA by the English composer Clive Nolan and the writer Elizeth Schluk

Argentina

Stage

Summoned by actor and director Lautaro Murúa to appear as Donna Natividad in the third movie version of Un Guapo del 900, China Zorrilla's film debut came late in 1971 at age 49. The following summer she made replaced actress Ana María Campoy in Butterflies are Free, which was performed in Mar del Plata. She settled in Buenos Aires. Her stay coincided with the civilian-military dictatorship in Uruguay (1973–1985), which forced her to stay abroad. Zorrilla expressed her solidarity by protecting and helping Uruguayans flee the dictatorship. During that period, she was banned by the military regime from performing in Uruguayan theatres. After the country's return to democracy in the 1980s, Zorrilla made a triumphal comeback at the Teatro Solís as Emily Dickinson.^[9]

During the mid-1970s and 1980s, Zorrilla toured and performed nationally and internationally, including the Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts.

On stage she has portrayed historical figures such as Emily Dickinson in William Luce's The Belle of Amherst, Monica Ottino's Victoria Ocampo, Mrs. Patrick Campbell in Jerome Kilty's Dear Liar: A Comedy of Letters. Zorrilla performed in plays by Jean Cocteau, Lucille Fletcher, Oscar Viale, and fellow countryman Jacobo Langsner who wrote several plays for her. She reprised one of her theater earlier successes, the part of Judith Bliss in Hay Fever.

In 1995, she appeared in Buenos Aires's main opera house, the Teatro Colón as Persephone in Stravinsky and Gide's Perséphone.

Zorrilla adapted, directed, and produced plays and musicals: Goldoni's Servant of Two Masters, Reginald Rose's 12 Angry Men, Georges Feydeau's A Flea in Her Ear and Neil Simon's Lost in Yonkers.

In the last decade, she won four awards as sculptor Helen Martins in Athol Fugard's The Road to Mecca and as Eve in an adaption of Mark Twain's Eve's Diary.

Film and TV

After her debut in 1971 as Mother Natividad in Murua's Un guapo del 900, Zorrilla appeared in more than 40 Argentinian movies. In 1973, she became a popular star in Alberto Migré's soap operas. In 1984, she won Best Actress at the La Habana Film Festival for "Darse Cuenta".^[10] She performed in Summer of the Colt (a Canadian coproduction), Maria Luisa Bemberg's Nobody's Wife, The Jewish Gauchos, the coproduction The Plague (starring William Hurt and Raúl Juliá), Edgardo Cozarinsky's Guerriers et captives, Manuel Puig's "Pubis Angelical",^[11] Adolfo Aristarain's Lasts Days of the Victim, and in the Argentine black comedy Esperando la carroza (Waiting for the Hearse).

Later, Zorrilla earned international recognition for her performances in Conversaciones con mamá in 2005 (2004 Best Actress Award at the 26th Moscow International Film Festival^[12] and the Málaga Film Festival) and in Elsa & Fred,^[13]^[14] which won her several awards, including the Silver Condor for Best Actress.

Death

Zorrilla died on 17 September 2014 from pneumonia in a hospital in Montevideo, Uruguay, aged 92.^[15] The government of Argentina and Uruguay declared two days of national mourning defining her as "a true representative of River Plate culture". She was waked at Montevideo's Congress. Before reaching the cemetery, the procession made a brief stopover at the Teatro Solís.^[16]

Honors

Orden de Mayo by the Argentine government
Orden Gabriela Mistral by the Chilean government
Illustrious Citizen of Buenos Aires, Montevideo, and other Argentine cities, and two theaters bear her name
Knight (Chevalier) of the Légion d'honneur by the French Government^[17]
Honorary Medal, Domingo Faustino Sarmiento del Senado de la Nación Argentina 2010^[18]
Commemorative Postage Stamp, Uruguayan Post^[3]

Books

Diego Fischer, A mi me aplauden, 2012, Uruguay, ISBN 9789974 701 22 9
China Zorrilla, Diario de viaje, Ediciones La Plaza, 2013, Uruguay, ISBN 9789974482265
Julio Maria Sanguinetti (2015). "Retratos desde la memoria" Montevideo: Debolsillo. ISBN 9789974899179
Miguel Ángel Campodónico, Nuevo Diccionario de la Cultura Uruguaya, Librería Linardi y Risso, 2003, S.361

Music

Otra Vida – Composed by Clive Nolan written by Elizeth Schluk, year 2011 Altagama Producciones.

Filmography

Film

Year	Title	Role
2008	Sangre del Pacifico
2007	Tocar el cielo	Imperio
2005	Elsa y Fred	Elsa
2004	Conversaciones con mamá	Mamá
2003	Margarita Xirgu, la desterrada	Herself
1997	Sin querer
1997	Entre la sombra y el alma (short film)
1996	Besos en la frente	Mercedes Arévalo
1996	Lola Mora
1995	Fotos del alma	Esthercita
1995	La nave de los locos	Dr Marta Caminos
1994	Guerriers et captives
1992	Cuatro caras para Victoria	Victoria Ocampo IV
1992	La Peste	Emma Rieux
1991	Dios los cría
1991	El verano del potro	Ana
1989	Nunca estuve en Viena	Carlota
1986	Pobre mariposa
1985	Waiting for the Hearse	Elvira Romero de Musicardi
1985	Contar hasta diez
1984	Darse cuenta	Nurse Agueda
1982	La invitación
	Pubis angelical
	Últimos días de la víctima	Beba
	Señora de nadie	Madre de Leonor
1975	Los gauchos judíos	Sarah
	Triángulo de cuatro
	Las sorpresas
1974	The Truce
1973	Las venganzas de Beto Sánchez	Teacher
1972	La Maffia	Asunta Donato
1971	Un Guapo del 900	Dona Natividad

Television

Year	Title	Role
2005	Mujeres asesinas	Inés Quinteros (1 episode)
2004	Los Roldán	Mercedes Lozada
2004	Piel naranja años después	Doña Elena
2003	Son amores	Margarita (uncredited)
2002	099 Central	Dora (uncredited)
2001	Enamorarte	Mercedes "Mechita" Dugan viuda de Juarez
2001	Las amantes
1998	Gasoleros	Matilde
1997	El arcángel
	Ricos y famosos	Catalina
	Rodolfo Rojas D.T.	Tina
	Noches Chinas	Hostess / as herself
1996	La salud de los enfermos (TV film)	Mother
1995	Leandro Leiva, un soñador
1990	Atreverse
1980	El solitario (miniseries)	Melani Duvalie
1979	Chau, amor mío	Ana
1976	Los que estamos solos	Doña Barbarita
1975	Piel naranja	Elena
1974	Mi hombre sin noche	Casilda
1973	Pobre diabla	Aída Morelli
1972	Esperando la carroza	Elvira
1971	El tobogán	Rosa

Bibliography

Fischer, Diego (2012). A mí me aplauden. Las historias que China no contó. Montevideo: Editorial Sudamericana.

References

^ Blau, Eleanor (28 October 1983). "Spanish 'Emily' at Hunter". The New York Times. Retrieved 19 September 2011.
^ ^a ^b Fischer, Diego (2012). A mí me aplauden. Uruguay: Sudamericana. p. 450. ISBN 978-9974-701-22-9.
^ ^a ^b "Serie Mercosur – Actores Nacionales – Homenaje a China Zorrilla" (in Spanish). Correo Uruguayo. 18 October 2011. Retrieved 9 October 2016.
^ "Farewell to a grand dame of the stage, screen". Buenos Aires Herald. Retrieved 9 October 2016.
^ "China Zorrilla" (in Spanish). Comedia Nacional. 17 September 2014. Retrieved 9 October 2016.
^ "El paso de China Zorrilla por la Comedia Nacional". Montevideo Portal. 17 September 2014. Retrieved 9 October 2016.
^ "Allá lejos y hace tiempo: China Zorrilla". Archived from the original on 26 April 2012. Retrieved 27 November 2011.
^ "Una faceta desconocida de China Zorrilla | Cultura | Tiempo Argentino". Archived from the original on 12 October 2014. Retrieved 7 October 2014.
^ "El regreso de China Zorrilla tuvo un claro valor simbólico: Al estrenar Emily tendió un puente para el reencuentro de todos los uruguayos – Catálogo Acceder" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 7 April 2012. Retrieved 27 November 2011.
^ "Havana Film Festival (1984)". IMDb.
^ Levine, Susan. Manuel Puig and the Spider Woman: His Life and Fictions. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. 2000. ISBN 978-0-299-17574-0. p. 421
^ "26th Moscow International Film Festival (2004)". MIFF. Archived from the original on 3 April 2013. Retrieved 7 April 2013.
^ Catsoulis, Jeannette (27 June 2008). "Marching Noisily Toward Late Middle Age". The New York Times.
^ Stein, Ruthe (18 July 2008). "'Elsa & Fred' explores love after 80". San Francisco Chronicle.
^ "China Zorrilla falleció hoy a los 92 años". El País (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 17 September 2014.
^ "Saying goodbye to China Zorrilla". Buenos Aires Herald. 19 September 2014. Retrieved 9 October 2016.
^ "China Zorrilla recibió la mayor distinción que otorga Francia". El País (in Spanish). 6 September 2011.
^ "Mención de honor para China Zorrilla". El País. 26 July 2010. Retrieved 9 October 2016.

External links

China Zorrilla at IMDb
Obituary Buenos Aires Herald
Diego Fischer, A mi me aplauden (Montevideo 2012), Biographical Essay (in Spanish)
Clive Nolan – Elizeth Schluk, Disco Otra Vida
https://www.tvshow.com.uy/personajes/fotogaleria-video-recordar-china-zorrilla-seis-anos-partida.html

[1] Blau, Eleanor (28 October 1983). "Spanish 'Emily' at Hunter". The New York Times. Retrieved 19 September 2011.

[A_mí_me_aplauden-2] Fischer, Diego (2012). A mí me aplauden. Uruguay: Sudamericana. p. 450. ISBN 978-9974-701-22-9.

[Correo-3] "Serie Mercosur – Actores Nacionales – Homenaje a China Zorrilla" (in Spanish). Correo Uruguayo. 18 October 2011. Retrieved 9 October 2016.

[4] "Farewell to a grand dame of the stage, screen". Buenos Aires Herald. Retrieved 9 October 2016.

[5] "China Zorrilla" (in Spanish). Comedia Nacional. 17 September 2014. Retrieved 9 October 2016.

[6] "El paso de China Zorrilla por la Comedia Nacional". Montevideo Portal. 17 September 2014. Retrieved 9 October 2016.

[7] "Allá lejos y hace tiempo: China Zorrilla". Archived from the original on 26 April 2012. Retrieved 27 November 2011.

[8] "Una faceta desconocida de China Zorrilla | Cultura | Tiempo Argentino". Archived from the original on 12 October 2014. Retrieved 7 October 2014.

[9] "El regreso de China Zorrilla tuvo un claro valor simbólico: Al estrenar Emily tendió un puente para el reencuentro de todos los uruguayos – Catálogo Acceder" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 7 April 2012. Retrieved 27 November 2011.

[10] "Havana Film Festival (1984)". IMDb.

[11] Levine, Susan. Manuel Puig and the Spider Woman: His Life and Fictions. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. 2000. ISBN 978-0-299-17574-0. p. 421

[Moscow2004-12] "26th Moscow International Film Festival (2004)". MIFF. Archived from the original on 3 April 2013. Retrieved 7 April 2013.

[13] Catsoulis, Jeannette (27 June 2008). "Marching Noisily Toward Late Middle Age". The New York Times.

[14] Stein, Ruthe (18 July 2008). "'Elsa & Fred' explores love after 80". San Francisco Chronicle.

[15] "China Zorrilla falleció hoy a los 92 años". El País (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 17 September 2014.

[16] "Saying goodbye to China Zorrilla". Buenos Aires Herald. 19 September 2014. Retrieved 9 October 2016.

[17] "China Zorrilla recibió la mayor distinción que otorga Francia". El País (in Spanish). 6 September 2011.

[18] "Mención de honor para China Zorrilla". El País. 26 July 2010. Retrieved 9 October 2016.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{short description|actress}}{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2014}}
+{{Short description|Uruguayan actress (1922–2014)}}
+{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
+{{family name hatnote|Zorrilla de San Martín|Muñoz|lang=Spanish}}
 {{Infobox person
-| name          = China Zorrilla
+| name         = China Zorrilla
-| image         = China Zorrilla Uruguayan Actor.jpg
+| image        = China Zorrilla Uruguayan Actor.jpg
-| caption       = "China" Zorrilla in 1974
+| caption      = "China" Zorrilla in 1974
-| birthname     = Concepción Zorrilla de San Martín Muñoz
+| birthname    = Concepción Zorrilla de San Martín Muñoz
-| birth_date    = {{birth date|df=yes|1922|3|14}}
+| birth_date   = {{birth date|df=yes|1922|3|14}}
-| birth_place   = [[Montevideo]], Uruguay
+| birth_place  = [[Montevideo]], Uruguay
-| death_date    = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2014|9|17|1922|3|14}}
+| death_date   = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2014|9|17|1922|3|14}}
-| death_place   = Montevideo, Uruguay
+| death_place  = Montevideo, Uruguay
-| occupation    = Actress, director, producer
+| occupation   = Actress, director, producer
-| years_active  = 1948–2010
+| years_active = 1947–2010
+| mother       = Guma Muñoz del Campo
+| father       = [[José Luis Zorrilla de San Martín]]
 }}
+[[File:At Montevideo 2023 482.jpg|thumb|right|Plaque at the Suns of the Paseo de los Soles, Montevideo, Uruguay]]
-'''China Zorrilla''' ({{IPA-es|ˈtʃina soˈriʝa|lang}}; born '''Concepción Matilde Zorrilla de San Martín Muñoz'''; 14 March 1922 – 17 September 2014) was an Uruguayan theater, film, and television actress, also director, producer and writer. An immensely popular star in the [[Rioplatense]] area, she is often regarded as a "Grand Dame" of the South American theater stage.<ref>{{cite news|last=Blau|first=Eleanor|title=Spanish 'Emily' at Hunter|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/10/28/arts/weekender-guide.html|accessdate=19 September 2011|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=28 October 1983}}</ref><ref name="A mí me aplauden">{{cite book|last=Fischer|first=Diego|authorlink=Diego Fischer|title=A mí me aplauden|year=2012|publisher=Sudamericana|location=Uruguay|isbn=978-9974-701-22-9|page=450}}</ref>
+'''China Zorrilla''' ({{IPA|es|ˈtʃina soˈriʝa|lang}}; born '''Concepción Matilde Zorrilla de San Martín Muñoz'''; 14 March 1922 – 17 September 2014) was an Uruguayan theater, film, and television actress, also director, producer and writer. An immensely popular star in the [[Rioplatense]] area, she is often regarded as a "Grand Dame" of the South American theater stage.<ref>{{cite news|last=Blau|first=Eleanor|title=Spanish 'Emily' at Hunter|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/10/28/arts/weekender-guide.html|accessdate=19 September 2011|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=28 October 1983}}</ref><ref name="A mí me aplauden">{{cite book|last=Fischer|first=Diego|author-link=Diego Fischer|title=A mí me aplauden|year=2012|publisher=Sudamericana|location=Uruguay|isbn=978-9974-701-22-9|page=450}}</ref>
-After a long career in the Uruguayan theater, Zorrilla made over 50 appearances in Argentina's film, theater and TV. Her distinguished career took off in Uruguay in the 1950 and 1960s, later she settled in Argentina, where she lived for over 35 years and was popular on TV, theater, and [[cinema of Argentina|cinema]]. At 90, she retired and went back to Uruguay, where she died in 2014.
+After a long career in the Uruguayan theater, Zorrilla made over fifty appearances in Argentina's film, theater and TV. Her career took off in Uruguay in the 1950 and 1960s, later she settled in Argentina, where she lived for over 35 years and was popular on TV, theater, and [[cinema of Argentina|cinema]]. At 90, she retired and returned to Uruguay, where she died in 2014.
-In 2008, Zorrilla was invested [[Chevalier des Arts et des Lettres]] by the French Government and in 2011, the [[Correo Uruguayo]] (the national postal service in Uruguay) released a print run of 500 commemorative postage stamps dedicated to her.<ref name="Correo">{{cite web |title=Serie Mercosur – Actores Nacionales – Homenaje a China Zorrilla |url=http://www.correo.com.uy/index.asp?codpag=detProd&smen=filatelia&idp=1107&s=1 |publisher=[[Correo Uruguayo]] |language=ES |date=2011-10-18 |accessdate=2016-10-09}}</ref>
+In 2008, Zorrilla was invested [[Chevalier des Arts et des Lettres]] by the French Government and in 2011, the [[Correo Uruguayo]] (the national postal service in Uruguay) released a print run of 500 commemorative postage stamps dedicated to her.<ref name="Correo">{{cite web |title=Serie Mercosur – Actores Nacionales – Homenaje a China Zorrilla |url=http://www.correo.com.uy/index.asp?codpag=detProd&smen=filatelia&idp=1107&s=1 |publisher=[[Correo Uruguayo]] |language=ES |date=18 October 2011 |accessdate=9 October 2016}}</ref>
 ==Early life==
 Born in [[Montevideo]] into an aristocratic Uruguayan family, "China" was the second of the five daughters of Guma Muñoz del Campo and sculptor [[José Luis Zorrilla de San Martín]] (1891–1975),<ref name="A mí me aplauden"/> a disciple of [[Antoine Bourdelle]], responsible for monuments in Uruguay and Argentina. Revered as Uruguay's [[National poetry|national poet]], her paternal grandfather was [[Juan Zorrilla de San Martín]], author of [[Tabaré (poem)|Tabaré]]. An artistic family, her older sister, Guma Zorrilla (1919–2001), was a theater costume designer for the Uruguayan stage.
-She grew up in Paris with her four sisters. Back in Montevideo, she attended [[Sagrado Corazón, Montevideo|Sagrado Corazón (Holy Cross) School]]. In 1946, she earned a [[British Council]] scholarship to the [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] in London, where she studied under Greek actress [[Katina Paxinou]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.buenosairesherald.com/article/170024/farewell-to-a-grand-dame-of-the-stage-screen |title=Farewell to a grand dame of the stage, screen |newspaper=Buenos Aires Herald |date= |accessdate=2016-10-09}}</ref>
+She grew up in Paris with her four sisters. Back in Montevideo, she attended [[Sagrado Corazón, Montevideo|Sagrado Corazón (Holy Cross) School]]. In 1946, she earned a [[British Council]] scholarship to the [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] in London, where she studied under Greek actress [[Katina Paxinou]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.buenosairesherald.com/article/170024/farewell-to-a-grand-dame-of-the-stage-screen |title=Farewell to a grand dame of the stage, screen |newspaper=Buenos Aires Herald |accessdate=9 October 2016}}</ref>
 == Uruguay ==
-Back in her hometown, Zorrilla made her theater debut in [[Paul Claudel]]'s ''The Tidings Brought to Mary'' in 1948. Immediately after, she joined the ensemble of the National Comedy of Uruguay<ref>{{cite news |url=http://comedianacional.montevideo.gub.uy/node/93/la-institucion/historia/actrices-y-directoras/china-zorrilla |title=China Zorrilla |publisher=Comedia Nacional |language=es |date=2014-09-17 |accessdate=2016-10-09}}</ref> working for 10 years at the [[Solís Theatre]], where Spanish actress [[Margarita Xirgu]] directed her in [[García Lorca]]'s ''[[Blood Wedding (play)|Blood Wedding]]'', Fernando de Rojas' ''La Celestina'', Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]'', ''[[Romeo and Juliet]]'', and other classics<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.montevideo.com.uy/contenido/El-paso-de-China-Zorrilla-por-la-Comedia-Nacional-247248 |title=El paso de China Zorrilla por la Comedia Nacional |publisher=Montevideo Portal |date=2014-09-17 |accessdate=2016-10-09}}</ref>
+Back in her hometown, Zorrilla made her theater debut in [[Paul Claudel]]'s ''The Tidings Brought to Mary'' in 1948. Immediately after, she joined the ensemble of the National Comedy of Uruguay<ref>{{cite news |url=http://comedianacional.montevideo.gub.uy/node/93/la-institucion/historia/actrices-y-directoras/china-zorrilla |title=China Zorrilla |publisher=Comedia Nacional |language=es |date=17 September 2014 |accessdate=9 October 2016}}</ref> working for 10 years at the [[Solís Theatre]], where Spanish actress [[Margarita Xirgu]] directed her in [[García Lorca]]'s ''[[Blood Wedding (play)|Blood Wedding]]'', Fernando de Rojas' ''La Celestina'', Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]'', ''[[Romeo and Juliet]]'', and other classics<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.montevideo.com.uy/contenido/El-paso-de-China-Zorrilla-por-la-Comedia-Nacional-247248 |title=El paso de China Zorrilla por la Comedia Nacional |publisher=Montevideo Portal |date=17 September 2014 |accessdate=9 October 2016}}</ref>
-During the 1950s and 1960s, Zorrilla appeared in [[Bertolt Brecht]]' ''[[Mother Courage and Her Children]]'', "[[Filomena Marturano]]", ''[[Romeo and Juliet]]'', ''[[Macbeth]]'', ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]'', ''[[Tartuffe]]''. ''[[The Seagull]]'', [[Thornton Wilder|Wilder]]'s ''[[Our Town]]'', [[Neil Simon]]'s ''[[Plaza Suite]]'', [[Jean Giraudoux|Giraudoux]]'s ''[[The Madwoman of Chaillot]]'', and plays by [[Pirandello]], [[Peter Ustinov]], [[Tirso de Molina]], [[Lope de Vega]], [[Henrik Ibsen]], [[August Strindberg]], [[J.B. Priestley]], and [[Ferenc Molnár]]. She received critical acclaim for her performances in [[Thornton Wilder]]'s ''[[The Matchmaker]]'' and in ''[[Hay Fever (play)|Hay Fever]]'' as Judith Bliss.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://memorias.todouy.com/memmasinfo38.htm |title=Allá lejos y hace tiempo: China Zorrilla |access-date=27 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426005142/http://memorias.todouy.com/memmasinfo38.htm |archive-date=26 April 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
+During the 1950s and 1960s, Zorrilla appeared in [[Bertolt Brecht]]' ''[[Mother Courage and Her Children]]'', "[[Filomena Marturano]]", ''Romeo and Juliet'', ''[[Macbeth]]'', ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]'', ''[[Tartuffe]]''. ''[[The Seagull]]'', [[Thornton Wilder|Wilder]]'s ''[[Our Town]]'', [[Neil Simon]]'s ''[[Plaza Suite]]'', [[Jean Giraudoux|Giraudoux]]'s ''[[The Madwoman of Chaillot]]'', and plays by [[Luigi Pirandello|Pirandello]], [[Peter Ustinov]], [[Tirso de Molina]], [[Lope de Vega]], [[Henrik Ibsen]], [[August Strindberg]], [[J.B. Priestley]], and [[Ferenc Molnár]]. She received critical acclaim for her performances in [[Thornton Wilder]]'s ''[[The Matchmaker]]'' and in ''[[Hay Fever (play)|Hay Fever]]'' as Judith Bliss.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://memorias.todouy.com/memmasinfo38.htm |title=Allá lejos y hace tiempo: China Zorrilla |access-date=27 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426005142/http://memorias.todouy.com/memmasinfo38.htm |archive-date=26 April 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
 After a decade at the Comedia Nacional, Zorrilla went on to found the Teatro de la Ciudad de Montevideo with actor Enrique Guarnero and actor-writer [[Antonio Larreta]]. The company toured Buenos Aires, Paris, and Madrid, where they won the Spanish Critics Award for their stagings of Federico García Lorca's ''[[La zapatera prodigiosa]]'' and Lope de Vega in the summer of 1961.
@@ Line 32: / Line 38: @@
 Between 1964 and 1966, Zorrilla took a sabbatical year and lived in New York, where she worked as a French teacher and Broadway secretary. In New York, she staged ''Canciones para mirar'', a children's musical based on texts by Argentine poet [[Maria Elena Walsh]]. During her stay in the U.S., Zorrilla was rumoured to have an affair with comedian [[Danny Kaye]], who often mentioned her in interviews.
-As a correspondent for the Uruguayan newspaper ''[[El País (Uruguay)|El País]]'', she covered events such as the [[Cannes Film Festival]] for [[Homero Alsina Thevenet]] and other international events (later published in a book ''Diarios de viaje''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tiempo.infonews.com/nota/9980 |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2014-10-07 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141012035938/http://tiempo.infonews.com/nota/9980 |archivedate=12 October 2014 |df=dmy }}</ref>) and also hosted a talk show for many years.
+As a correspondent for the Uruguayan newspaper ''[[El País (Uruguay)|El País]]'', she covered events such as the [[Cannes Film Festival]] for [[Homero Alsina Thevenet]] and other international events (later published in a book ''Diarios de viaje''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tiempo.infonews.com/nota/9980 |title=Una faceta desconocida de China Zorrilla &#124; Cultura &#124; Tiempo Argentino |accessdate=7 October 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141012035938/http://tiempo.infonews.com/nota/9980 |archive-date=12 October 2014  }}</ref>) and also hosted a talk show for many years.
 In opera, she directed [[Puccini]]'s ''[[La bohème]]'', [[Verdi]]'s ''[[Un ballo in maschera]]'' at the Solís Theatre and the Montevideo's [[SODRE]] and [[Rossini]]'s ''[[Il barbiere di Siviglia]]'' at the [[Teatro Argentino de La Plata]] in 1977.
-- The voice of the narrations of OTRA VIDA by the english composer Clive Nolan and the writer Elizeth Schluk
+– The voice of the narrations of OTRA VIDA by the English composer Clive Nolan and the writer Elizeth Schluk
 == Argentina ==
@@ Line 46: / Line 52: @@
 | title=El regreso de China Zorrilla tuvo un claro valor simbólico: Al estrenar Emily tendió un puente para el reencuentro de todos los uruguayos – Catálogo Acceder <!-- Generado por Muro Bot. Puedes ayudar a rellenar esta plantilla -->
 | accessdate=27 November 2011
-| language=Spanish
+| language=es
 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120407114937/http://www.acceder.buenosaires.gov.ar/es/td%3ARevistas_y_articulos_periodisticos.3/1162202
 | archive-date=7 April 2012
@@ Line 60: / Line 66: @@
 Zorrilla adapted, directed, and produced plays and musicals: [[Carlo Goldoni|Goldoni]]'s ''[[Servant of Two Masters]]'', [[Reginald Rose]]'s ''[[Twelve Angry Men (play)|12 Angry Men]]'', [[Georges Feydeau]]'s ''[[A Flea in Her Ear]]'' and [[Neil Simon]]'s ''[[Lost in Yonkers]]''.
-In the last decade, she won four awards as sculptor [[Helen Martins]] in [[Athol Fugard]]'s ''[[The Road to Mecca (play)|The Road to Mecca]]'' and as Eve in an adaption of [[Mark Twain]]'s ''[[Eve's Diary]]''.
+In the last decade, she won four awards as sculptor [[The Owl House (museum)|Helen Martins]] in [[Athol Fugard]]'s ''[[The Road to Mecca (play)|The Road to Mecca]]'' and as Eve in an adaption of [[Mark Twain]]'s ''[[Eve's Diary]]''.
 ===Film and TV===
-After her debut in 1971 as Mother Natividad in Murua's ''Un guapo del 900'', Zorrilla appeared in more than 40 Argentinian movies. In 1973, she became a popular star in [[Alberto Migré]]'s soap operas. In 1984, she won Best Actress at the La Habana Film Festival for "Darse Cuenta".<ref>https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0000314/1984</ref> She performed in ''Summer of the Colt'' (a Canadian coproduction), [[Maria Luisa Bemberg]]'s ''Nobody's Wife'', ''The Jewish Gauchos'', the coproduction ''The Plague'' (starring [[William Hurt]] and [[Raúl Juliá]]), [[Edgardo Cozarinsky]]'s ''Guerriers et captives'', [[Manuel Puig]]'s "Pubis Angelical",<ref>Levine, Susan. ''[https://archive.org/details/manuelpuigspider00suza/page/421 <!-- quote=china zorrilla en caracas. --> Manuel Puig and the Spider Woman: His Life and Fictions]''. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. 2000. {{ISBN|978-0-299-17574-0}}. p.&nbsp;421</ref> [[Adolfo Aristarain]]'s ''Lasts Days of the Victim,'' and in the Argentine [[black comedy]] ''Esperando la carroza'' (''[[Waiting for the Hearse]]'').
+After her debut in 1971 as Mother Natividad in Murua's ''Un guapo del 900'', Zorrilla appeared in more than 40 Argentinian movies. In 1973, she became a popular star in [[Alberto Migré]]'s soap operas. In 1984, she won Best Actress at the La Habana Film Festival for "Darse Cuenta".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0000314/1984|title = Havana Film Festival (1984)| website=[[IMDb]] }}</ref> She performed in ''Summer of the Colt'' (a Canadian coproduction), [[Maria Luisa Bemberg]]'s ''Nobody's Wife'', ''The Jewish Gauchos'', the coproduction ''The Plague'' (starring [[William Hurt]] and [[Raúl Juliá]]), [[Edgardo Cozarinsky]]'s ''Guerriers et captives'', [[Manuel Puig]]'s "Pubis Angelical",<ref>Levine, Susan. ''[https://archive.org/details/manuelpuigspider00suza/page/421 <!-- quote=china zorrilla en caracas. --> Manuel Puig and the Spider Woman: His Life and Fictions]''. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. 2000. {{ISBN|978-0-299-17574-0}}. p.&nbsp;421</ref> [[Adolfo Aristarain]]'s ''Lasts Days of the Victim,'' and in the Argentine [[black comedy]] ''Esperando la carroza'' (''[[Waiting for the Hearse]]'').
-Later, Zorrilla earned international recognition for her performances in ''[[Conversaciones con mamá]]'' in 2005 (2004 Best Actress Award at the [[26th Moscow International Film Festival]]<ref name="Moscow2004">{{cite web|url=http://www.moscowfilmfestival.ru/miff34/eng/archives/?year=2004 |title=26th Moscow International Film Festival (2004) |accessdate=2013-04-07 |work=MIFF |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130403123603/http://moscowfilmfestival.ru/miff34/eng/archives/?year=2004 |archivedate=3 April 2013 |df=dmy }}</ref> and the [[Málaga Film Festival]]) and in ''[[Elsa & Fred (2005 film)|Elsa & Fred]]'',<ref>{{cite news| url=https://movies.nytimes.com/2008/06/27/movies/27elsa.html | work=[[The New York Times]]| first=Jeannette | last=Catsoulis | title=Marching Noisily Toward Late Middle Age | date=27 June 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://articles.sfgate.com/2008-07-18/entertainment/17172651_1_china-zorrilla-blanca-portillo-manuel-alexandre | work=[[San Francisco Chronicle]]| first=Ruthe | last=Stein | title='Elsa & Fred' explores love after 80 | date=18 July 2008}}</ref> which won her several awards, including the [[Silver Condor]] for Best Actress.
+Later, Zorrilla earned international recognition for her performances in ''[[Conversaciones con mamá]]'' in 2005 (2004 Best Actress Award at the [[26th Moscow International Film Festival]]<ref name="Moscow2004">{{cite web|url=http://www.moscowfilmfestival.ru/miff34/eng/archives/?year=2004 |title=26th Moscow International Film Festival (2004) |accessdate=7 April 2013 |work=MIFF |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130403123603/http://moscowfilmfestival.ru/miff34/eng/archives/?year=2004 |archive-date=3 April 2013  }}</ref> and the [[Málaga Film Festival]]) and in ''[[Elsa & Fred (2005 film)|Elsa & Fred]]'',<ref>{{cite news| url=https://movies.nytimes.com/2008/06/27/movies/27elsa.html | work=[[The New York Times]]| first=Jeannette | last=Catsoulis | title=Marching Noisily Toward Late Middle Age | date=27 June 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://articles.sfgate.com/2008-07-18/entertainment/17172651_1_china-zorrilla-blanca-portillo-manuel-alexandre | work=[[San Francisco Chronicle]]| first=Ruthe | last=Stein | title='Elsa & Fred' explores love after 80 | date=18 July 2008}}</ref> which won her several awards, including the [[Silver Condor]] for Best Actress.
 == Death ==
-Zorrilla died on 17 September 2014 from pneumonia in a hospital in Montevideo, Uruguay, aged 92.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.elpais.com.uy/informacion/china-zorrilla-fallecio-hoy-xx.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140917161825/http://www.elpais.com.uy/informacion/china-zorrilla-fallecio-hoy-xx.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2014-09-17 |title=China Zorrilla falleció hoy a los 92 años |language=es |newspaper=[[El País (Uruguay)|El País]] }}</ref> The government of Argentina and Uruguay declared two days of national mourning
+Zorrilla died on 17 September 2014 from pneumonia in a hospital in Montevideo, Uruguay, aged 92.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.elpais.com.uy/informacion/china-zorrilla-fallecio-hoy-xx.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140917161825/http://www.elpais.com.uy/informacion/china-zorrilla-fallecio-hoy-xx.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=17 September 2014 |title=China Zorrilla falleció hoy a los 92 años |language=es |newspaper=[[El País (Uruguay)|El País]] }}</ref> The government of Argentina and Uruguay declared two days of national mourning
-defining her as "a true representative of River Plate culture". She was waked at Montevideo's Congress. Before reaching the cemetery, the procession made a brief stopover at the Teatro Solís.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.buenosairesherald.com/article/170127/saying-goodbye-to-china-zorrilla |title=Saying goodbye to China Zorrilla |newspaper=Buenos Aires Herald |date=2014-09-19 |accessdate=2016-10-09}}</ref>
+defining her as "a true representative of River Plate culture". She was waked at Montevideo's Congress. Before reaching the cemetery, the procession made a brief stopover at the Teatro Solís.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.buenosairesherald.com/article/170127/saying-goodbye-to-china-zorrilla |title=Saying goodbye to China Zorrilla |newspaper=Buenos Aires Herald |date=19 September 2014 |accessdate=9 October 2016}}</ref>
 == Honors ==
@@ Line 75: / Line 81: @@
 * Orden [[Gabriela Mistral]] by the Chilean government
 * Illustrious Citizen of Buenos Aires, Montevideo, and other Argentine cities, and two theaters bear her name
-* Knight (Chevalier) of the [[Légion d'honneur]] by the French Government<ref>{{cite news|last=|first=|title=China Zorrilla recibió la mayor distinción que otorga Francia|newspaper=[[El País (Uruguay)|El País]]|url=http://historico.elpais.com.uy/081106/pespec-379890/espectaculos/china-zorrilla-recibio-la-mayor-distincion-que-otorga-francia/|language=Spanish|date=6 September 2011}}</ref>
+* Knight (Chevalier) of the [[Légion d'honneur]] by the French Government<ref>{{cite news|title=China Zorrilla recibió la mayor distinción que otorga Francia|newspaper=[[El País (Uruguay)|El País]]|url=http://historico.elpais.com.uy/081106/pespec-379890/espectaculos/china-zorrilla-recibio-la-mayor-distincion-que-otorga-francia/|language=es|date=6 September 2011}}</ref>
-* Honorary Medal, Domingo Faustino Sarmiento del Senado de la Nación Argentina 2010<ref>{{cite news |url=http://historico.elpais.com.uy/10/07/26/ultmo_504340.asp |title=Mención de honor para China Zorrilla  |newspaper=[[El País (Uruguay)|El País]] |date=2010-07-26 |accessdate=2016-10-09}}</ref>
+* Honorary Medal, Domingo Faustino Sarmiento del Senado de la Nación Argentina 2010<ref>{{cite news |url=http://historico.elpais.com.uy/10/07/26/ultmo_504340.asp |title=Mención de honor para China Zorrilla  |newspaper=[[El País (Uruguay)|El País]] |date=26 July 2010 |accessdate=9 October 2016}}</ref>
 * Commemorative Postage Stamp, Uruguayan Post<ref name="Correo" />
 ==Books==
-* [[Miguel Ángel Campodónico]], ''Nuevo Diccionario de la Cultura Uruguaya'', Librería Linardi y Risso, 2003, S.361
 * [[Diego Fischer]], ''A mi me aplauden'', 2012, Uruguay, {{ISBN|9789974 701 22 9}}
 * China Zorrilla, ''Diario de viaje'', Ediciones La Plaza, 2013, Uruguay, {{ISBN|9789974482265}}
+* [[Julio Maria Sanguinetti]] (2015). "''Retratos desde la memoria''" Montevideo: Debolsillo. ISBN 9789974899179
+* [[Miguel Ángel Campodónico]], ''Nuevo Diccionario de la Cultura Uruguaya'', Librería Linardi y Risso, 2003, S.361
 ==Music==
-*[http://www.elizethschluk.com/musica Otra Vida] - Composed by [[Clive Nolan]] written by [http://www.elizethschluk.com Elizeth Schluk], year 2011 Altagama Producciones.
+*[http://www.elizethschluk.com/musica Otra Vida] – Composed by [[Clive Nolan]] written by Elizeth Schluk, year 2011 Altagama Producciones.
 == Filmography ==
@@ Line 218: / Line 225: @@
 === Television ===
-[[File:China Zorrilla Antonio Gasalla Esperando la carroza.jpg|right|250px|thumb|[[Waiting for the Hearse]], 1985]]
 {| class="wikitable sortable"
 |-
@@ Line 315: / Line 321: @@
 == Bibliography ==
-* {{cite book|title=A mí me aplauden. Las historias que China no contó|last=Fischer |first=Diego |authorlink=Diego Fischer |location=Montevideo |year=2012|publisher=Editorial Sudamericana }}
+* {{cite book|title=A mí me aplauden. Las historias que China no contó|last=Fischer |first=Diego |author-link=Diego Fischer |location=Montevideo |year=2012|publisher=Editorial Sudamericana }}
 == References ==
 {{Reflist}}
@@ Line 325: / Line 331: @@
 *[http://www.buenosairesherald.com/article/170024/farewell-to-a-grand-dame-of-the-stage-screen/ Obituary Buenos Aires Herald]
 * [https://archive.today/20130215193911/http://diegofischer.com/libros-diego-fischer/llega-la-biografia-de-china-zorrilla-a-mi-me-aplauden-las-historias-que-china-no-conto/ Diego Fischer, ''A mi me aplauden'' (Montevideo 2012), Biographical Essay {{in lang|es}}]
-*Clive Nolan - Elizeth Schluk, Disco [http://www.elizethschluk.com/musica Otra Vida]
+*Clive Nolan – Elizeth Schluk, Disco [http://www.elizethschluk.com/musica Otra Vida]
+*https://www.tvshow.com.uy/personajes/fotogaleria-video-recordar-china-zorrilla-seis-anos-partida.html
 {{Authority control}}
@@ Line 335: / Line 342: @@
 [[Category:2014 deaths]]
 [[Category:Actresses from Montevideo]]
-[[Category:Chevaliers of the Légion d'honneur]]
+[[Category:Knights of the Legion of Honour]]
 [[Category:Chevaliers of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres]]
 [[Category:Illustrious Citizens of Buenos Aires]]
@@ Line 346: / Line 353: @@
 [[Category:Alumni of the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]]
 [[Category:Uruguayan television actresses]]
-[[Category:Deaths from pneumonia]]
+[[Category:Deaths from pneumonia in Uruguay]]
 [[Category:Burials at the Central Cemetery of Montevideo]]
+[[Category:Recipients of the Delmira Agustini Medal]]
+[[Category:Uruguayan diarists]]

Authority control databases
International	ISNI VIAF FAST WorldCat
National	Germany United States France BnF data Australia Spain Argentina Catalonia
People	Uruguay Deutsche Biographie
Other	IdRef

v t e Choral Award for Best Actress
1982-1999	Graciela Dufau (1982) Mirta Ibarra / Tânia Alves (1983) China Zorrilla / Susú Pecoraro (1984) Ofelia Medina (1985) Julie Christie (1986) Isabel Santos (1987) Betty Faria (1988) Noemí Frenkel (1989) Laura de la Uz (1990) Ana Ofelia Murguía / Vicky Hernández (1991) María Rojo (1992) Luisina Brando (1993) Lucía Muñoz / Lillian Vega (1994) Glória Pires (1995) Norma Aleandro (1996) Cecilia Roth (1997) Fernanda Montenegro (1998) Denise Fraga (1999)
2000-2019	Ariadna Gil (2000) Graciela Borges (2001) Tatiana Saphir / Carla Crespo / Veronica Hassan / Beatriz Thibaudin / María Merlino (2002) Manuela Martelli (2003) Susú Pecoraro (2004) Luisa María Jiménez / Antonella Costa (2005) Hermila Guedes (2006) Roxana Blanco (2007) Sandra Corveloni (2008) Catalina Saavedra (2009) Antonia Zegers (2010) Alessandra Negrini (2011) Laura de la Uz (2012) Vanessa Alvario (2013) Geraldine Chaplin (2014) Jana Raluy (2015) Sônia Braga (2016) Sofía Gala / Daniela Vega (2017) Ilse Salas (2018) Érica Rivas (2019)
2020-present	Cassia Gil (2020)