Razakar: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Loanword from Arabic used in the subcontinent}} |
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'''Razakar''' (رضا کار) is an [[Arabic]] and [[Urdu]] word for volunteer and may refer to: |
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{{Use British English|date=September 2024}} |
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* [[Razakars (Early Islamic era)]]: Volunteers that served at the time of [[Muhammad]]. |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}} |
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* [[Razakars (Pakistan)]]: Islamist East Pakistani militia that aided the Pakistan Army against the Mukti Bahini during the Bangladesh Liberation War |
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'''Razakar''' (رضا کار) is etymologically an [[Arabic]] word which literally means volunteer. The word is also common in [[Urdu]] language as a [[loanword]]. On the other hand, in Bangladesh, razakar is a pejorative word meaning a traitor or Judas. |
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* [[Razakars (Hyderabad)]] of erstwhile Nizam state of Hyderabad: Nizam's state sponsored volunteers for opposing the civil insurgency during the rule of Nizams in Deccan princely state |
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==In Pakistan and India== |
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{{Main|Razakar (Pakistan)|Police Qaumi Razakars|Razakars (Hyderabad)}} |
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[[Razakars (Pakistan)|Razakars]] were an [[East Pakistan]]i [[paramilitary]] force that aided the [[Pakistan Army]] against the [[Mukti Bahini]] during the [[Bangladesh Liberation War]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.icsforum.org/library/files/420_GovernmentofEastPakistan1971.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2013-02-10 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004235644/http://www.icsforum.org/library/files/420_GovernmentofEastPakistan1971.pdf |archivedate=2013-10-04 }}</ref> |
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| ⚫ | [[Police Qaumi Razakars]] are a volunteer force in Pakistan which aids the Police in their duties.<ref>{{cite web|title=THE PUNJAB QAUMI RAZAKARS ORDINANCE, 1965|url=http://punjablaws.gov.pk/laws/192.html|website=Punjab Laws|accessdate=6 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Faisal|first1=Muhammad|title=Failure to check corruption: Police mull razakar force abolition|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/790176/failure-to-check-corruption-police-mull-razakar-force-abolition|accessdate=6 January 2015|publisher=The Dawn|date=4 March 2014}}</ref> |
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In Hyderabad, [[Razakars (Hyderabad)|Razakars]] were volunteers sponsored by the [[Hyderabad State|Nizam's state of Hyderabad]] for opposition to its [[Operation Polo|merger with India]].<ref>Moraes, Frank, Jawaharlal Nehru, Mumbai: Jaico. 2007, p.394</ref> |
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==In Bangladesh== |
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In [[Bengali language]], razakar is a [[term to indicate those who opposed Bangladeshi independence and collaborated with the Pakistani Army]]: a pejorative term akin to the western term "traitor" or [[Judas Iscariot|Judas]].<ref name=Mookherjee>{{cite book|last=Mookherjee|first=Nayanika|title=Traitors: Suspicion, Intimacy, and the Ethics of State-Building|year=2009|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press|isbn=978-0-8122-4213-3|editor=Sharika Thiranagama, Tobias Kelly|page=49}}</ref> The phrase comes from [[Razakars (Pakistan)|the East Pakistani paramilitary force]] (see above) who opposed the independence of Bangladesh. |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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[[Category:Arabic words and phrases]] |
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{{disambiguation}} |
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[[Category:Bengali words and phrases]] |
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[[Category:Hindi words and phrases]] |
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Revision as of 04:51, 4 September 2024
Razakar (رضا کار) is etymologically an Arabic word which literally means volunteer. The word is also common in Urdu language as a loanword. On the other hand, in Bangladesh, razakar is a pejorative word meaning a traitor or Judas.
In Pakistan and India
Razakars were an East Pakistani paramilitary force that aided the Pakistan Army against the Mukti Bahini during the Bangladesh Liberation War.[1]
Police Qaumi Razakars are a volunteer force in Pakistan which aids the Police in their duties.[2][3]
In Hyderabad, Razakars were volunteers sponsored by the Nizam's state of Hyderabad for opposition to its merger with India.[4]
In Bangladesh
In Bengali language, razakar is a term to indicate those who opposed Bangladeshi independence and collaborated with the Pakistani Army: a pejorative term akin to the western term "traitor" or Judas.[5] The phrase comes from the East Pakistani paramilitary force (see above) who opposed the independence of Bangladesh.
References
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 October 2013. Retrieved 10 February 2013.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "THE PUNJAB QAUMI RAZAKARS ORDINANCE, 1965". Punjab Laws. Retrieved 6 January 2015.
- ^ Faisal, Muhammad (4 March 2014). "Failure to check corruption: Police mull razakar force abolition". The Dawn. Retrieved 6 January 2015.
- ^ Moraes, Frank, Jawaharlal Nehru, Mumbai: Jaico. 2007, p.394
- ^ Mookherjee, Nayanika (2009). Sharika Thiranagama, Tobias Kelly (ed.). Traitors: Suspicion, Intimacy, and the Ethics of State-Building. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 49. ISBN 978-0-8122-4213-3.