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{{Short description|President of Haiti (1869–1874)}}
{{Expand German|date=January 2010|Nissage Saget}}
{{Infobox Officeholder
{{Infobox Officeholder
| name = Jean Nicolas Nissage Saget
| name = Jean Nicolas Nissage Saget
| image = Nissage_Saget.jpg
| image = Nissage_Saget.jpg
| imagesize =
| imagesize =
| smallimage =
| smallimage =
| caption =
| caption =
| order =
| order = 10th
| office =[[List of heads of state of Haiti|10th]] [[President of Haiti]]
| office = President of Haiti
| election =
| election =
| term_start = December 27, 1869
| term_start = December 27, 1869
| term_end = May 13, 1874
| term_end = May 13, 1874
| vicepresident = [[Michel Domingue]]<ref name="events1869">{{cite web |title=The American Annual Cyclopedia and Register of Important Events: Embracing Political, Civil, Military, and Social Affairs: Public Documents; Biography, Statistics, Commerce, Finance, Literature, Science, Agriculture, and Mechanical Industry |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lp0SAQAAMAAJ |publisher=D. Appleton & Company |language=en |date=1870}}</ref> (1869-1870)
| predecessor = [[Sylvain Salnave]]
| predecessor = [[Sylvain Salnave]]
| successor = [[List of Heads of State of Haiti|Council of Secretaries of State]]
| successor = [[List of Heads of State of Haiti#Republic of Haiti (1859–1957)|Council of Secretaries of State]]
| order2 = [[List of Heads of State of Haiti|Provisional President of Haiti]]
| order2 = [[List of Heads of State of Haiti|Provisional President of Haiti]]
| term_start2 = March 13, 1867
| term_start2 = March 13, 1867
| term_end2 = May 4, 1867
| term_end2 = May 4, 1867
| primeminister =
| primeminister =
| predecessor2 = [[Fabre Geffrard]]
| predecessor2 = [[Fabre Geffrard]]
| successor2 = [[Sylvain Salnave]]
| successor2 = [[Sylvain Salnave]]
Line 23: Line 24:
| death_date = {{death date and age|1880|4|7|1810|9|20}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|1880|4|7|1810|9|20}}
| death_place = [[Port-au-Prince]], Haiti
| death_place = [[Port-au-Prince]], Haiti
⚫
| party = [[National Party (Haiti)|National Party]]
| nationality = Haitian
⚫
| party = [[Liberal Party (Haiti)|Liberal Party]]
| spouse = Marie-Louise Augustin Sinni
| spouse = Marie-Louise Augustin Sinni
| profession = [[General]]
| profession = [[General]]
| religion = [[Catholic Church]]
}}
}}


'''Jean-Nicolas Nissage Saget''' (1810–1880) succeeded [[Sylvain Salnave]] as President of [[Haiti]] in 1869. Coming into power by coup, Saget was the first Haitian president to serve out his term of office (1869–1874) and retire voluntarily, although his retirement led to a renewal of the political turmoil between blacks and the country's [[mulatto]] elites. He died in 1880.<ref>{{cite book
'''Jean-Nicolas Nissage Saget'''<ref>The given name "Jean-Nicolas" does not appear in early sources (which refer to him exclusively as "Nissage Saget"), though one 1880 source refers to him as "Nicolas Nissage Saget". Many modern sources include "Jean-Nicolas", though some omit "Jean-Nicolas" entirely. Some sources--both early and modern--suggest that Nissage is a given name. Some sources hyphenate "Nissage-Saget" or treat "Nissage Saget" as a compound family name; others use Saget alone as his family name.</ref> ({{IPA|fr|ʒɑ̃ nikɔla nisaʒ saʒɛ}}; September 20, 1810 – April 7, 1880) preceded [[Sylvain Salnave]] as President of [[Haiti]] in 1869. Coming into power by coup, Saget was the first Haitian president to serve out his term of office (1869–1874) and retire voluntarily, although his retirement led to a renewal of the political turmoil between blacks and the country's [[mulatto]] elites. He died in 1880.<ref>{{cite book
| first=Jan
| first= Jan
| last=Rogozinski
| last= Rogozinski
| year= 1999
| year= 1999
| title= A Brief History of the Caribbean
| title= A Brief History of the Caribbean
| edition= Revised
| edition= Revised
| publisher=Facts on File, Inc.
| publisher= Facts on File, Inc.
| location=New York
| location= New York
| pages= [https://archive.org/details/briefhistoryofca00rogo_0/page/220 220]
| pages= 220
| isbn= 0-8160-3811-2 }}</ref>
| isbn= 0-8160-3811-2
| url-access= registration
| url= https://archive.org/details/briefhistoryofca00rogo_0/page/220
}}</ref>

==Presidency==
On March 19, 1870, the National Assembly elected General Nissage Saget President of Haiti for a term of four years, expiring on May 15, 1874.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Haiti:_Her_History_and_Her_Detractors/Part_I:_Chapter_XVII|title=Haiti, Her History and Her Detractors|last=Léger|first=Jacques Nicolas|date=1907|publisher=Neale Publishing Company|language=en}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>

During his presidency, Saget attempted to observe the Constitution of 1867.<ref name=":0"/> The liberals sought drastic change rather than trying to extend public liberty gradually, including by introducing the parliamentary system, trying to subject the Executive Power to the legislative body, and compelling those members of the Cabinet who were not in sympathy with the House of Representatives to relinquish their offices.<ref name=":0"/> Misunderstandings with the President ensued.<ref name=":0"/> Notwithstanding, some useful reforms took place, the most important of them being the redeeming of Haiti's paper currency.<ref name=":0"/>

During his presidency, Saget dealt with a number of diplomatic incidents, including the [[Batsch affair]] with Germany, the [[Hornet incident|''Hornet'' incident]] with Spain and the United States, and the United States' [[Proposed annexation of Santo Domingo|attempted annexation of neighboring Santo Domingo (the Dominican Republic)]].<ref name=":0"/> Despite these few minor troubles with the foreign powers, peace remained undisturbed.<ref name=":0"/>

The transfer of power from Saget to his successor did not go smoothly.<ref name=":0"/> The House of Representatives and the Senate, which had met in April 1874, were to assemble in National Assembly in order to elect a new President.<ref name=":0"/> There were two candidates for the office: [[Michel Domingue]] (Commandant of the [[Sud (department)|Southern Department]], supported by Saget and his followers) and [[Pierre Monplaisir Pierre]] (the candidate of the liberal party).<ref name=":0"/> Many of Pierre's supporters withdrew from the House because of a dispute over the validity of a key Pierre supporter's election, meaning that there was no [[quorum]] for the presidential election.<ref name=":0"/> Saget's term was to expire on May 15, 1874, and the liberal party tried to persuade him to remain in power until his successor could be elected.<ref name=":0"/> He emphatically refused, and on May 14, 1874, he relinquished the presidency to the Council of the Secretaries of State, having previously appointed Michel Domingue Commander-in-Chief of the [[Haitian Army]].<ref name=":0"/>

On May 20, Saget left Port-au-Prince for [[Saint-Marc]], on a donkey, where he lived until his death on April 7, 1880.<ref name=":0"/>


==Footnotes==
==Footnotes==
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{{Heads of state of Haiti}}
{{Heads of state of Haiti}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Saget, Nissage}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Saget Nissage, Jean-Nicolas}}
[[Category:Presidents of Haiti]]
[[Category:Presidents of Haiti]]
[[Category:1810 births]]
[[Category:1810 births]]
[[Category:1880 deaths]]
[[Category:1880 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Artibonite (department)]]
[[Category:People from Saint-Marc]]
[[Category:People of the Six Years' War]]

Latest revision as of 00:58, 4 September 2024

Jean Nicolas Nissage Saget
10th President of Haiti
In office
December 27, 1869 – May 13, 1874
Vice PresidentMichel Domingue[1] (1869-1870)
Preceded bySylvain Salnave
Succeeded byCouncil of Secretaries of State
Provisional President of Haiti
In office
March 13, 1867 – May 4, 1867
Preceded byFabre Geffrard
Succeeded bySylvain Salnave
Personal details
Born(1810-09-20)September 20, 1810
Saint-Marc, Haiti
DiedApril 7, 1880(1880-04-07) (aged 69)
Port-au-Prince, Haiti
Political partyNational Party
SpouseMarie-Louise Augustin Sinni
ProfessionGeneral

Jean-Nicolas Nissage Saget[2] (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃ nikɔla nisaʒ saʒɛ]; September 20, 1810 – April 7, 1880) preceded Sylvain Salnave as President of Haiti in 1869. Coming into power by coup, Saget was the first Haitian president to serve out his term of office (1869–1874) and retire voluntarily, although his retirement led to a renewal of the political turmoil between blacks and the country's mulatto elites. He died in 1880.[3]

Presidency

[edit]

On March 19, 1870, the National Assembly elected General Nissage Saget President of Haiti for a term of four years, expiring on May 15, 1874.[4]

During his presidency, Saget attempted to observe the Constitution of 1867.[4] The liberals sought drastic change rather than trying to extend public liberty gradually, including by introducing the parliamentary system, trying to subject the Executive Power to the legislative body, and compelling those members of the Cabinet who were not in sympathy with the House of Representatives to relinquish their offices.[4] Misunderstandings with the President ensued.[4] Notwithstanding, some useful reforms took place, the most important of them being the redeeming of Haiti's paper currency.[4]

During his presidency, Saget dealt with a number of diplomatic incidents, including the Batsch affair with Germany, the Hornet incident with Spain and the United States, and the United States' attempted annexation of neighboring Santo Domingo (the Dominican Republic).[4] Despite these few minor troubles with the foreign powers, peace remained undisturbed.[4]

The transfer of power from Saget to his successor did not go smoothly.[4] The House of Representatives and the Senate, which had met in April 1874, were to assemble in National Assembly in order to elect a new President.[4] There were two candidates for the office: Michel Domingue (Commandant of the Southern Department, supported by Saget and his followers) and Pierre Monplaisir Pierre (the candidate of the liberal party).[4] Many of Pierre's supporters withdrew from the House because of a dispute over the validity of a key Pierre supporter's election, meaning that there was no quorum for the presidential election.[4] Saget's term was to expire on May 15, 1874, and the liberal party tried to persuade him to remain in power until his successor could be elected.[4] He emphatically refused, and on May 14, 1874, he relinquished the presidency to the Council of the Secretaries of State, having previously appointed Michel Domingue Commander-in-Chief of the Haitian Army.[4]

On May 20, Saget left Port-au-Prince for Saint-Marc, on a donkey, where he lived until his death on April 7, 1880.[4]

Footnotes

[edit]
  1. ^ "The American Annual Cyclopedia and Register of Important Events: Embracing Political, Civil, Military, and Social Affairs: Public Documents; Biography, Statistics, Commerce, Finance, Literature, Science, Agriculture, and Mechanical Industry". D. Appleton & Company. 1870.
  2. ^ The given name "Jean-Nicolas" does not appear in early sources (which refer to him exclusively as "Nissage Saget"), though one 1880 source refers to him as "Nicolas Nissage Saget". Many modern sources include "Jean-Nicolas", though some omit "Jean-Nicolas" entirely. Some sources--both early and modern--suggest that Nissage is a given name. Some sources hyphenate "Nissage-Saget" or treat "Nissage Saget" as a compound family name; others use Saget alone as his family name.
  3. ^ Rogozinski, Jan (1999). A Brief History of the Caribbean (Revised ed.). New York: Facts on File, Inc. pp. 220. ISBN 0-8160-3811-2.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Léger, Jacques Nicolas (1907). Haiti, Her History and Her Detractors. Neale Publishing Company. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
Political offices
Preceded by President of Haiti
1869–1874 		Succeeded by
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