.uz: Difference between revisions

.uz
	;
Introduced	29 April 1995
TLD type	Country code top-level domain
Status	Active
Registry	UZINFOCOM
Sponsor	UZINFOCOM
Intended use	Entities connected with Uzbekistan
Actual use	Popular in Uzbekistan; also sees some use in Latvia
Registration restrictions	None
Structure	Registrations are directly at the second level; some third-level registrations also exist
Documents	IANA redelegation report
DNSSEC	yes
Registry website	cctld.uz

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.uz is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Uzbekistan. Registry services were formerly operated by Euracom GmBH, but were later redelegated to UZINFOCOM. Registrations are taken directly at the second level, but the former registry also advertised the availability of registrations at the third level beneath co.uz and com.uz, and some domain names under other second-level names such as org.uz also exist.

In Latvia, .uz is used as short-link address — ej.uz,^[1] which means "go to".^{[citation needed]}^[2]

.uz has an A record and had a HTTP server since at least 1997.^[3]

Second-level domains

The table of second-level domains of the .uz domain zone, terms of use, requirements, regulated users, domain categories.

Domain	Regulated users
.for.uz	Perpetual domain for ID.UZ users with PassportID status.
.gov.uz	State institutions of Uzbekistan.
.com.uz	Commercial organizations.
.co.uz
.ac.uz	Institutes, higher educational institutions, cultural institutions conducting scientific research.
.edu.uz	Educational establishments.
.int.uz	International organizations.
.net.uz	Internet service providers.
.org.uz	Non-profit organizations.
.pp.uz	Individuals.

History

The top-level domain .UZ was first created and delegated on April 29, 1995 by the IANA-based University of the Informatics Institute of Southern California to an individual named Alex Vostrikov from Tashkent. From 1995 to 2001, the domain "UZ" was registered free of charge for anyone. In 2001, the rights to administer the domain were transferred to a representative in Uzbekistan, Tomas LLC, under the management of Euracom Equipment GmBH. After the appeal of the Uzbek Agency of Post and Telecommunications in December 2002, ICANN and IANA decided to re-delegate the right to manage the ccTLD to the UZINFOCOM Center (now the Single Integrator UZINFOCOM^[4]), which is currently the administrator of the ccTLD "UZ".

On April 29, 2020, the national domain UZ celebrated its 25th anniversary^[5]

On April 28, 2021, the top-level domain .UZ was signed using DNSSEC technology^[6]

Domains registration

Initially, the domain name "UZ" was issued free of charge until 2001. Then the registrar LLC "Tomas" took $89 per year for domain registration, with its subsequent reduction. In 2002, the price was reduced to $78, and from January 2003 - to $50 per year, and until 2005 it was $40. At the moment, the average price for domain registration in the "UZ" zone is 25,000 soums. The decline in prices began thanks to the emergence of six more official registrars since 2005. Currently, almost 92000 active domains are registered in the domain zone.^[7]

In September 2019, to protect domain owners from cybersquatting, the Redemption Period service was introduced, thanks to which the former domain owners, after the expiration of the registration period, have the right to redeem the expired domain in their own name.^[8]

Domain registrars

Domain registration is carried out in accordance with the "Regulations on the procedure for registration and use of domain names in the UZ domain" by legal entities that have acquired the right to work in the UZ domain.

Currently, there are 25 accredited registrars of the "UZ" domain in Uzbekistan, 8 of them are state unitary enterprises "Computerization Center" under regional khakimiyats (administrations).^[9]

Registrars register domains for a period of 1 to 10 years.

References

^ "ej.uz - garu saišu īsināšanas serviss". ej.uz.
^ ej, uz (8 February 2021). "ej uz". Archived from the original on 2009-11-28.
^ "Wayback Machine (calendar view)". Web.archive.org. Retrieved 8 January 2019.
^ "Единый Интегратор UZINFOCOM". uzinfocom.uz. Retrieved 2020-07-06.
^ "THE NATIONAL DOMAIN OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN .UZ IS 25 YEARS OLD!". cctld.uz. Retrieved 2020-07-06.
^ "TLD DNSSEC Report". icann.org. ICANN Research. 2021-04-28. Archived from the original on 2019-03-25. Retrieved 2021-04-28.
^ "Статистика регистраций доменов в зоне UZ".
^ "UZINFOCOM вводит услугу Redemption Period" (in Russian).
^ "Регистраторы". cctld.uz. Retrieved 2018-07-14.

External links

[1] "ej.uz - garu saišu īsināšanas serviss". ej.uz.

[2] , uz (8 February 2021). "ej uz". Archived from the original on 2009-11-28.

[3] "Wayback Machine (calendar view)". Web.archive.org. Retrieved 8 January 2019.

[4] "Единый Интегратор UZINFOCOM". uzinfocom.uz. Retrieved 2020-07-06.

[5] "THE NATIONAL DOMAIN OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN .UZ IS 25 YEARS OLD!". cctld.uz. Retrieved 2020-07-06.

[6] "TLD DNSSEC Report". icann.org. ICANN Research. 2021-04-28. Archived from the original on 2019-03-25. Retrieved 2021-04-28.

[7] "Статистика регистраций доменов в зоне UZ".

[8] "UZINFOCOM вводит услугу Redemption Period" (in Russian).

[9] "Регистраторы". cctld.uz. Retrieved 2018-07-14.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Internet country code top-level domain for Uzbekistan}}{{Refimprove|date=January 2019}}
 {{Infobox Top level domain
 | name=.uz
 | background=#CCF
+| image=[[File:DotUz ccTLD logo.png|177px]]<br/>[[File:DotUz domain logo.png|125px]]
-| image=
-| introduced=1995
+| introduced=29 April 1995
 | type=[[Country code top-level domain]]
 | status=Active
 | registry=[[UZINFOCOM]]
 | sponsor=[[UZINFOCOM]]
-| intendeduse=Entities connected with [[Uzbekistan]]
+| intendeduse=Entities connected with {{flag|Uzbekistan}}
-| actualuse=Popular in Uzbekistan, Latvia
+| actualuse=Popular in Uzbekistan; also sees some use in [[Latvia]]
-| restrictions=
+| restrictions=None
 | structure=Registrations are directly at the second level; some third-level registrations also exist
-| document=[http://www.iana.org/reports/uz-report-10apr03.htm IANA redelegation report]
+| document=[https://www.iana.org/reports/uz-report-10apr03.htm IANA redelegation report]
 | disputepolicy=
-| website=[http://www.cctld.uz/ cctld.uz]|}}
+| website=[http://www.cctld.uz/ cctld.uz]
+| whois        = whois.cctld.uz
+| dnssec=yes
+}}
-'''.uz''' is the [[Internet]] [[country code]] [[top-level domain]] ([[ccTLD]]) for [[Uzbekistan]]. Registry services were formerly operated by [[Euracom]] GmBH, but were later redelegated to [[UZINFOCOM]].  Registrations are taken directly at the second level, but the former registry also advertised the availability of registrations at the third level beneath '''co.uz''' and '''com.uz''', and some domain names under other second-level names such as '''org.uz''' also exist.
+'''.uz''' is the [[Internet]] [[country code]] [[top-level domain]] ([[ccTLD]]) for [[Uzbekistan]]. Registry services were formerly operated by Euracom GmBH, but were later redelegated to [[UZINFOCOM]]. Registrations are taken directly at the second level, but the former registry also advertised the availability of registrations at the third level beneath '''co.uz''' and '''com.uz''', and some domain names under other second-level names such as '''org.uz''' also exist.
+In [[Latvia]], .uz is used as short-link address — ej.uz,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ej.uz/|title=ej.uz - garu saišu īsināšanas serviss|website=ej.uz}}</ref> which means "go to".{{citation needed|date=October 2011}}<ref>{{Cite web|last=ej|first=uz|date=8 February 2021|title=ej uz|url=https://www.ej.uz|url-status=live|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20091128004124/http://ej.uz/  |archive-date = 2009-11-28  }}</ref>
-In [[Latvia]], .uz is used as short-link adress - ej.uz , which mens go to .
+.uz has an A record and had a HTTP server since at least 1997.<ref>{{cite web <!-- Citation bot bypass--> |url=https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://uz.|title=Wayback Machine (calendar view)|website=Web.archive.org|accessdate=8 January 2019}}</ref>
+== Second-level domains ==
+The table of second-level domains of the .uz domain zone, terms of use, requirements, regulated users, domain categories.
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Domain || Regulated users
+|-
+|'''.for.uz'''||Perpetual domain for ID.UZ users with PassportID status.
+|-
+|'''.gov.uz'''||State institutions of Uzbekistan.
+|-
+|'''.com.uz'''||Commercial organizations.
+|-
+|'''.co.uz'''||
+|-
+|'''.ac.uz'''||Institutes, higher educational institutions, cultural institutions conducting scientific research.
+|-
+|'''.edu.uz'''||Educational establishments.
+|-
+|'''.int.uz'''||International organizations.
+|-
+|'''.net.uz'''||Internet service providers.
+|-
+|'''.org.uz'''||Non-profit organizations.
+|-
+|'''.pp.uz'''||Individuals.
+|}
+== History ==
+The top-level domain '''.UZ ''' was first created and delegated on April 29, 1995 by the IANA-based University of the Informatics Institute of Southern California to an individual named Alex Vostrikov from Tashkent. From 1995 to 2001, the domain "UZ" was registered free of charge for anyone. In 2001, the rights to administer the domain were transferred to a representative in Uzbekistan, Tomas LLC, under the management of Euracom Equipment GmBH. After the appeal of the Uzbek Agency of Post and Telecommunications in December 2002, ICANN and IANA decided to re-delegate the right to manage the ccTLD to the UZINFOCOM Center (now the Single Integrator UZINFOCOM<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://uzinfocom.uz/|title=Единый Интегратор UZINFOCOM|website=uzinfocom.uz|accessdate=2020-07-06}}</ref>), which is currently the administrator of the ccTLD "UZ".
+On April 29, 2020, the national domain UZ celebrated its 25th anniversary<ref>{{Cite web|language=en|url=https://cctld.uz/news/?detail=1467&lang=eng|title=THE NATIONAL DOMAIN OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN .UZ IS 25 YEARS OLD!|author=|website=cctld.uz|date=|publisher=|accessdate=2020-07-06}}</ref>
+On April 28, 2021, the top-level domain .UZ was signed using DNSSEC technology<ref>{{Cite web|language=en|url=http://stats.research.icann.org/dns/tld_report/|title=TLD DNSSEC Report|author=|website=icann.org|date=2021-04-28|publisher=ICANN Research|accessdate=2021-04-28|archive-date=2019-03-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190325014841/http://stats.research.icann.org/dns/tld_report/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
+== Domains registration ==
+Initially, the domain name "UZ" was issued free of charge until 2001. Then the registrar LLC "Tomas" took $89 per year for domain registration, with its subsequent reduction. In 2002, the price was reduced to $78, and from January 2003 - to $50 per year, and until 2005 it was $40. At the moment, the average price for domain registration in the "UZ" zone is 25,000 soums. The decline in prices began thanks to the emergence of six more official registrars since 2005.
+Currently, almost 92000 active domains are registered in the domain zone.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://cctld.uz/stat/|title = Статистика регистраций доменов в зоне UZ|author = |date = |publisher = }}</ref>
+In September 2019, to protect domain owners from cybersquatting, the Redemption Period service was introduced, thanks to which the former domain owners, after the expiration of the registration period, have the right to redeem the expired domain in their own name.<ref>{{Cite web|language=ru|url=https://cctld.uz/news/?detail=1460|title=UZINFOCOM вводит услугу Redemption Period|author=|website=|date=|publisher=}}</ref>
+== Domain registrars ==
+Domain registration is carried out in accordance with the "Regulations on the procedure for registration and use of domain names in the UZ domain" by legal entities that have acquired the right to work in the UZ domain.
+Currently, there are 25 accredited registrars of the "UZ" domain in Uzbekistan, 8 of them are state unitary enterprises "Computerization Center" under regional khakimiyats (administrations).<ref>{{cite web|title=Регистраторы|url=https://cctld.uz/reg/|website=cctld.uz|access-date=2018-07-14}}</ref>
+Registrars register domains for a period of 1 to 10 years.
+==References==
+{{Reflist}}
 ==External links==
-* [http://www.iana.org/root-whois/uz.htm IANA .uz whois information]
+* [https://www.iana.org/root-whois/uz.htm IANA .uz whois information]
+* [http://www.reg.uz/ Registration page of former registry at Eurid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060703165209/http://www.reg.uz/ |date=2006-07-03 }}
-* [http://www.cctld.uz/ Official registration page for ccTLD .uz domain]
+* [https://www.iana.org/reports/uz-report-10apr03.htm Redelegation of .uz TLD to Uzinfocom (IANA report)]
-* [http://www.reg.uz/ Registration page of former registry at Eurid]
-* [http://www.iana.org/reports/uz-report-10apr03.htm] Redelegation of .uz TLD to Uzinfocom (IANA report)
 {{CcTLD}}
@@ Line 31: / Line 84: @@
 [[Category:Country code top-level domains]]
 [[Category:Communications in Uzbekistan]]
-{{Uzbekistan-stub}}
-{{Compu-domain-stub}}
-[[af:.uz]]
-[[ar:.uz]]
-[[ast:.uz]]
-[[az:.uz]]
-[[be:.uz]]
-[[be-x-old:.uz]]
-[[bs:.uz]]
-[[bg:.uz]]
-[[cv:.uz]]
-[[cs:.uz]]
-[[cy:.uz]]
-[[da:.uz]]
-[[et:.uz]]
-[[el:.uz]]
-[[es:.uz]]
-[[eo:.uz]]
-[[eu:.uz]]
-[[fa:.uz]]
-[[fr:.uz]]
-[[xal:.uz]]
-[[ko:.uz]]
-[[hy:.uz]]
-[[hr:.uz]]
-[[bpy:.ইউজেড]]
-[[id:.uz]]
-[[is:.uz]]
-[[it:.uz]]
-[[krc:.uz]]
-[[ka:.uz]]
-[[kv:.uz]]
-[[lv:.uz]]
-[[lb:.uz]]
-[[hu:.uz]]
-[[ms:.uz]]
-[[nl:.uz]]
-[[ja:.uz]]
-[[ce:.uz]]
-[[no:.uz]]
-[[oc:.uz]]
-[[uz:.uz]]
-[[nds:.uz]]
-[[pl:.uz]]
-[[pt:.uz]]
-[[crh:.uz]]
-[[ro:.uz]]
-[[ru:.uz]]
-[[sah:.uz]]
-[[sq:.uz]]
-[[sk:.uz]]
-[[sr:.uz]]
-[[sh:.uz]]
-[[fi:.uz]]
 [[sv:Toppdomän#U]]
-[[tl:.uz]]
-[[tt:.uz]]
-[[th:.uz]]
-[[tg:.uz]]
-[[tr:.uz]]
-[[tk:.uz]]
-[[uk:.uz]]
-[[ur:Uz.]]
-[[vi:.uz]]
-[[fiu-vro:.uz]]
-[[war:.uz]]
-[[yo:.uz]]
-[[diq:.uz]]
-[[zh:.uz]]