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{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2015}}
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{{distinguish|College of Cardinals}}
{{distinguish|College of Cardinals}}
The '''Council of Cardinals''' (also called '''C9''' due to the fact it contained 9 [[Cardinal (Catholic Church)|cardinal]] members for some time), also known as the '''Council of Cardinal Advisers''', is a group of cardinals of the [[Catholic Church]] appointed by [[Pope Francis]] to serve as his advisers. The Council was formally established on 28 September 2013.
The '''Council of Cardinals''' (also called '''C9''' because it contained nine [[Cardinal (Catholic Church)|cardinal]] members for a time), also known as the '''Council of Cardinal Advisers''', is a group of cardinals of the [[Catholic Church]] appointed by [[Pope Francis]] to serve as his advisers. The council was formally established on 28 September 2013.


== Abbreviations ==
== Abbreviations ==
The Council of Cardinals was named under abbreviations referring to the number of cardinals advisers which, over time, it comprised:<ref name=":0" /> C8 (8 cardinals),<ref>{{Cite web |last=Condon |first=Ed |title=Can Pope Francis’ Council of Cardinals still deliver on reform? |url=https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/39076/can-pope-francis-council-of-cardinals-still-deliver-on-reform |access-date=2023-03-08 |website=Catholic News Agency |language=en}}</ref> C9 (9 cardinals), C6 (6 cardinals), C7 (7 cardinals).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Condon |first=Ed. |date=2022-12-07 |title=What is the Council of Cardinals for, anymore? |url=https://www.pillarcatholic.com/what-is-the-council-of-cardinals-for-anymore/ |access-date=2022-12-09 |website=[[The Pillar]] |language=en}}</ref>
The Council of Cardinals has been named under abbreviations referring to the number of cardinals advisers which, over time, it has comprised:<ref name=":0" /> C8 (eight cardinals),<ref>{{Cite web |last=Condon |first=Ed |title=Can Pope Francis' Council of Cardinals still deliver on reform? |url=https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/39076/can-pope-francis-council-of-cardinals-still-deliver-on-reform |access-date=2023-03-08 |website=Catholic News Agency |language=en}}</ref> C9 (nine cardinals), C6 (six cardinals), C7 and (seven cardinals).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Condon |first=Ed. |date=2022-12-07 |title=What is the Council of Cardinals for, anymore? |url=https://www.pillarcatholic.com/what-is-the-council-of-cardinals-for-anymore/ |access-date=2022-12-09 |website=[[The Pillar]] |language=en}}</ref>


== History ==
== History ==
The appointment of a group of 8 advisors and one secretary to support the pope and the reform of the [[Roman Curia]] was announced on 13 April 2013, one month after his election.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |title=COMUNICATO DELLA SEGRETERIA DI STATO |url=https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2013/04/13/0223/00502.html |access-date=2023-03-09 |website=press.vatican.va}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last= |date=13 April 2013 |title=Pope appoints advisors for Curia reform |url=https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/26998/pope-appoints-advisors-for-curia-reform |access-date=2023-03-08 |website=Catholic News Agency |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Pianigiani |first=Gaia |last2=Donadio |first2=Rachel |date=2013-04-13 |title=Pope Francis Names Advisory Panel at Vatican |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/14/world/europe/pope-francis-names-advisory-panel-at-vatican.html |access-date=2023-03-08 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The same group was formally established as the Council of Cardinals on 28 September of the same year by a [[chirograph]] of [[Pope Francis]].<ref>{{cite web |date=30 September 2013 |title=The Pope Institutes a Council of Cardinals to Assist in the Governance of the Universal Church |url=http://visnews-en.blogspot.ie/2013/09/the-pope-institutes-council-of.html |website=Vatican Information Service}}</ref><ref name=":8">{{cite web |author=Pope Francis |date=28 September 2013 |title=Chirograph by which a Council of Cardinals is Established to Assist the Holy Father in the Governance of the Universal Church and to Study Possible Revisions of the Apostolic Constitution "Pastor Bonus" on the Roman Curia |url=https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/francesco/letters/2013/documents/papa-francesco_20130928_chirografo-consiglio-cardinali_en.html |website=The Holy See}}</ref>
The appointment of a group of eight advisers and one secretary to support the pope and the reform of the [[Roman Curia]] was announced on 13 April 2013, one month after his election.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |title=COMUNICATO DELLA SEGRETERIA DI STATO, 13.04.2013 |url=https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2013/04/13/0223/00502.html |access-date=2023-03-09 |website=press.vatican.va}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last= |date=13 April 2013 |title=Pope appoints advisors for Curia reform |url=https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/26998/pope-appoints-advisors-for-curia-reform |access-date=2023-03-08 |website=Catholic News Agency |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Pianigiani |first1=Gaia |last2=Donadio |first2=Rachel |date=2013-04-13 |title=Pope Francis Names Advisory Panel at Vatican |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/14/world/europe/pope-francis-names-advisory-panel-at-vatican.html |access-date=2023-03-08 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The same group was formally established as the Council of Cardinals on 28 September of the same year by a [[chirograph]] of [[Pope Francis]].<ref>{{cite web |date=30 September 2013 |title=The Pope Institutes a Council of Cardinals to Assist in the Governance of the Universal Church |url=http://visnews-en.blogspot.ie/2013/09/the-pope-institutes-council-of.html |website=Vatican Information Service}}</ref><ref name=":8">{{cite web |author=Pope Francis |date=28 September 2013 |title=Chirograph by which a Council of Cardinals is Established to Assist the Holy Father in the Governance of the Universal Church and to Study Possible Revisions of the Apostolic Constitution "Pastor Bonus" on the Roman Curia |url=https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/francesco/letters/2013/documents/papa-francesco_20130928_chirografo-consiglio-cardinali_en.html |website=The Holy See}}</ref>


[[Secretariat of State (Holy See)|Secretary of State]] [[Pietro Parolin]] was added as member of the Council in July 2014.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=Consiglio di Cardinali - Briefing del Direttore della Sala Stampa, 2 luglio 2014 |url=https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2014/07/02/0491/01106.html |access-date=2023-03-08 |website=press.vatican.va}}</ref> The Holy See used the expression "Council of the nine" (''Consiglio dei nove'' in Italian) in September 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sesta riunione del Santo Padre con i Cardinali Consiglieri (15-17 settembre 2014) |url=https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2014/09/15/0635/01410.html |access-date=2023-03-08 |website=press.vatican.va}}</ref>
[[Secretariat of State (Holy See)|Secretary of State]] [[Pietro Parolin]] was added as a member of the council in July 2014.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=Consiglio di Cardinali - Briefing del Direttore della Sala Stampa, 2 luglio 2014 |url=https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2014/07/02/0491/01106.html |access-date=2023-03-08 |website=press.vatican.va}}</ref> The Holy See used the expression "council of the nine" (''Consiglio dei nove'' in Italian) in September 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sesta riunione del Santo Padre con i Cardinali Consiglieri (15-17 settembre 2014) |url=https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2014/09/15/0635/01410.html |access-date=2023-03-08 |website=press.vatican.va}}</ref>


In 2018 [[Marco Mellino]] was named as adjunct secretary<ref name="alba">{{cite news |date=28 October 2018 |title=Alba, Papa Francesco nomina monsignor Marco Mellino Vescovo e Segretario aggiunto del C9 |language=it |work=Albese News |url=https://www.atnews.it/2018/10/alba-papa-francesco-nomina-monsignor-marco-mellino-vescovo-segretario-aggiunto-del-c9-52842/ |access-date=12 December 2018}}</ref><ref name="oct27">{{cite press release |publisher=Holy See Press Office |title=Resignations and Appointments, 27.10.2018 |date=27 October 2018 |url=http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/bollettino/pubblico/2018/10/27/181027b.html |access-date=26 April 2019}}</ref> of the Council's secretary [[Marcello Semeraro]].<ref name=":5" /> Pope Francis later removed three of the Council's 9 members in late 2018.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Brockhaus |first=Hannah |date=12 December 2018 |title=Three cardinals dropped from C9 as reform process nears end |url=https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/40127/three-cardinals-dropped-from-c9-as-reform-process-nears-end |access-date=2022-06-19 |website=Catholic News Agency |language=en}}</ref>
In 2018, [[Marco Mellino]] was named as adjunct secretary<ref name="alba">{{cite news |date=28 October 2018 |title=Alba, Papa Francesco nomina monsignor Marco Mellino Vescovo e Segretario aggiunto del C9 |language=it |work=Albese News |url=https://www.atnews.it/2018/10/alba-papa-francesco-nomina-monsignor-marco-mellino-vescovo-segretario-aggiunto-del-c9-52842/ |access-date=12 December 2018}}</ref><ref name="oct27">{{cite press release |publisher=Holy See Press Office |title=Resignations and Appointments, 27.10.2018 |date=27 October 2018 |url=http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/bollettino/pubblico/2018/10/27/181027b.html |access-date=26 April 2019}}</ref> to the council's secretary [[Marcello Semeraro]].<ref name=":5" /> Pope Francis later removed three of the council's nine members in late 2018.<ref name=":10" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Brockhaus |first=Hannah |date=12 December 2018 |title=Three cardinals dropped from C9 as reform process nears end |url=https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/40127/three-cardinals-dropped-from-c9-as-reform-process-nears-end |access-date=2022-06-19 |website=Catholic News Agency |language=en}}</ref>


Francis appointed another cardinal as member in 2020, and also replaced secretary Marcello Semeraro by Marco Mellino.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |title=Rinunce e nomine, 15.10.2020 |url=https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2020/10/15/0526/01220.html |access-date=2023-03-09 |website=press.vatican.va}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-15 |title=DRC’s Cardinal Besungu appointed to Council of Cardinals |url=https://www.vaticannews.va/en/vatican-city/news/2020-10/council-cardinals-pope-appointment-cardinal-besungu-drc.html |access-date=2022-06-19 |website=Vatican News |language=en}}</ref>
Francis appointed another cardinal as a member in 2020, and also replaced secretary Marcello Semeraro with Marco Mellino.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |date= |title=Resignations and Appointments, 15.10.2020 |url=https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/bollettino/pubblico/2020/10/15/201015b.html |access-date=2023-03-09 |website=press.vatican.va}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-15 |title=DRC's Cardinal Besungu appointed to Council of Cardinals |url=https://www.vaticannews.va/en/vatican-city/news/2020-10/council-cardinals-pope-appointment-cardinal-besungu-drc.html |access-date=2022-06-19 |website=Vatican News |language=en}}</ref>


In March 2023, three cardinal advisors were removed, and five new cardinal advisors were appointed; the three other cardinals and the secretary were kept (re-appointed). This made the current total of 9 cardinal advisers and one secretary.<ref name=":2" /><ref name="2023members">{{cite news |date=7 March 2023 |title=Pope renews Council of Cardinals |publisher=Vatican News |url=https://www.vaticannews.va/en/pope/news/2023-03/pope-renews-council-of-cardinals.html |accessdate=7 March 2023}}</ref><ref name="newcouncil">{{Cite web |date=2023-03-07 |title=Pope renews cabinet of cardinal advisers, adds new members |url=https://apnews.com/article/vatican-pope-cardinals-b5c0bc4f624301f5b96644e51d598e08 |access-date=2023-03-07 |website=AP NEWS |language=en}}</ref>
In March 2023, three cardinal advisers were removed, and five new cardinal advisers were appointed; the three other cardinals and the secretary were re-appointed. This made the current total of nine cardinal advisers and one secretary.<ref name=":2" /><ref name="2023members">{{cite news |date=7 March 2023 |title=Pope renews Council of Cardinals |publisher=Vatican News |url=https://www.vaticannews.va/en/pope/news/2023-03/pope-renews-council-of-cardinals.html |accessdate=7 March 2023}}</ref><ref name="newcouncil">{{Cite web |date=2023-03-07 |title=Pope renews cabinet of cardinal advisers, adds new members |url=https://apnews.com/article/vatican-pope-cardinals-b5c0bc4f624301f5b96644e51d598e08 |access-date=2023-03-07 |website=AP NEWS |language=en}}</ref> On 24 April 2023, the new Council of Cardinals held their first meeting, over which Pope Francis presided.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.vaticannews.va/en/vatican-city/news/2023-04/pope-francis-first-meeting-new-council-of-cardinals.html|title=Pope presides over the first meeting of the new Council of Cardinals|publisher=Vatican News|date=24 April 2023|accessdate=24 April 2023}}</ref>

In February 2024, the role of women was discussed.<ref>[https://cruxnow.com/vatican/2024/02/anglican-bishop-among-the-women-speaking-with-popes-kitchen-cabinet Anglican bishop among the women speaking with Pope’s ‘kitchen cabinet’]</ref> [[Jo Bailey Wells]], [[Salesian Sisters of Don Bosco|Salesian Sister]] Linda Pocher and [[consecrated virgin]] Goiliva Di Berardino addressed the Council "on the role of women in the Church.”<ref>{{cite news |last1= |first1= |title=Female Anglican Bishop Addresses Pope Francis’ Council of Cardinals|url=https://www.ncregister.com/blog/wells-council-of-cardinals |accessdate=June 18, 2024 |publisher=[[National Catholic Register]] |date=February 5, 2024}}</ref>

On 17 June, the third meeting of the Council since April 2024 began, presided over by [[Pope Francis]]. The April 2024 meeting centred on [[Praedicate evangelium]]'s implementation in diocesan [[Curia]]s.<ref>{{cite news |last1= |first1= |title=Female Anglican Bishop Addresses Pope Francis’ Council of Cardinals|url=https://www.ncregister.com/blog/wells-council-of-cardinals |accessdate=June 18, 2024 |publisher=[[National Catholic Register]] |date=February 5, 2024}}</ref>


== Purpose ==
== Purpose ==
On 13 April 2013, the [[Holy See]] stated the cardinals had been appointed "to advise [the Pope] in the government of the universal Church and to study a plan for revising the [[Apostolic Constitution]] on the [[Roman Curia]], '[[Pastor Bonus]]{{' "}}.<ref name=":7" /> In the 28 September 2013 [[chirograph]], Pope Francis stated the Council had the goal "of assisting me in the governance of the universal Church and of studying a project for the revision of the Apostolic Constitution ''Pastor Bonus'' on the Roman Curia", and that "said Council will be a further expression of [[Bishops in the Catholic Church|episcopal]] communion and assistance to the ''[[munus petrinum]]'' which the Episcopate across the world is able to offer".<ref name=":8" />
On 13 April 2013, the [[Holy See]] stated the cardinals had been appointed "to advise [the Pope] in the government of the universal Church and to study a plan for revising the [[Apostolic Constitution]] on the [[Roman Curia]], '[[Pastor Bonus]]{{' "}}.<ref name=":7" /> In a [[chirograph]] dated 28 September 2013, Pope Francis stated the Council had the goal "of assisting me in the governance of the universal Church and of studying a project for the revision of the Apostolic Constitution ''Pastor Bonus'' on the Roman Curia", and that "said Council will be a further expression of [[Bishops in the Catholic Church|episcopal]] communion and assistance to the ''[[munus petrinum]]'' which the Episcopate across the world is able to offer".<ref name=":8" />


The Council of Cardinals was thus created primarily to assist [[Pope Francis]] in the reform of the [[Roman Curia]]. Said reform was [[Promulgation (Catholic canon law)|promulgated]] in 2022 through the [[apostolic constitution]] ''[[Praedicate evangelium]]''. The Council continues to exist and to perform verious activities, despite having achieved its main goal.<ref name=":0" />
The Council of Cardinals was thus created primarily to assist [[Pope Francis]] in the reform of the Roman Curia. Said reform was [[Promulgation (Catholic canon law)|promulgated]] in 2022 through the apostolic constitution ''[[Praedicate evangelium]]''. The Council continues to exist and to perform various activities, despite having achieved its main goal.<ref name=":0" />


Due to the advisory role of the body, some publications have likened it to a [[privy council]].{{Relevance inline|date=March 2023}}<ref>{{cite news |last1=Agnew |first1=Paddy |date=15 April 2013 |title=Pope Francis appoints new ‘privy council’ |language=en |work=The Irish Times |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/europe/pope-francis-appoints-new-privy-council-1.1360102 |access-date=9 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Cardinal Monsengwo, original member of pope’s privy council, dies |url=https://international.la-croix.com/news/religion/cardinal-monsengwo-original-member-of-popes-privy-council-dies/14630 |access-date=9 March 2023 |work=international.la-croix.com |date=12 July 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
Due to the advisory role of the body, some publications have likened it to a [[privy council]].{{Relevance inline|date=March 2023}}<ref>{{cite news |last1=Agnew |first1=Paddy |date=15 April 2013 |title=Pope Francis appoints new 'privy council' |language=en |newspaper=The Irish Times |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/europe/pope-francis-appoints-new-privy-council-1.1360102 |access-date=9 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Cardinal Monsengwo, original member of pope's privy council, dies |url=https://international.la-croix.com/news/religion/cardinal-monsengwo-original-member-of-popes-privy-council-dies/14630 |access-date=9 March 2023 |work=international.la-croix.com |date=12 July 2021 |language=en}}</ref>


==Leadership and membership==
==Leadership and membership==
The council currently comprises 9 cardinals, assisted by Bishop [[Marco Mellino]] as its secretary:<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Comunicato della Sala Stampa della Santa Sede |url=https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2023/03/07/0184/00395.html |access-date=2023-03-07 |website=press.vatican.va}}</ref><ref name=2023members /><ref name=newcouncil />
The council currently comprises nine cardinals, assisted by Bishop [[Marco Mellino]] as its secretary:<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Comunicato della Sala Stampa della Santa Sede, 07.03.2023 |url=https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2023/03/07/0184/00395.html |access-date=2023-03-07 |website=press.vatican.va}}</ref><ref name=2023members /><ref name=newcouncil />
# {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Pietro Parolin]], [[Cardinal Secretary of State]] (since 2014<ref name=":6" />)
# {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Pietro Parolin]], [[Cardinal Secretary of State]] (since 2014)<ref name=":6" />
# {{Flag icon|Spain}} [[Fernando Vérgez Alzaga]], [[President of the Governorate of the Vatican City State]] and [[Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State|President of the Pontifical Commission for the Vatican City State]] (since 2023<ref name=":4" />)
# {{Flag icon|Spain}} [[Fernando Vérgez Alzaga]] {{Post-nominals|list=[[Legion of Christ|LC]]}}, [[President of the Governorate of the Vatican City State]] and [[Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State|President of the Pontifical Commission for the Vatican City State]] (since 2023)<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":4" />
# {{flagicon|Democratic Republic of Congo}} [[Fridolin Ambongo Besungu]] {{post-nominals|list=[[Order of Friars Minor Capuchin|OFMCap]]}}, [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kinshasa|Archbishop of Kinshasa]] (since 2020<ref name=":1" />)
# {{flagicon|Democratic Republic of Congo}} [[Fridolin Ambongo Besungu]] {{post-nominals|list=[[Order of Friars Minor Capuchin|OFMCap]]}}, [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kinshasa|Archbishop of Kinshasa]] (since 2020)<ref name=":9" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=15 October 2020 |title=DRC's Cardinal Besungu appointed to Council of Cardinals |url=https://www.vaticannews.va/en/vatican-city/news/2020-10/council-cardinals-pope-appointment-cardinal-besungu-drc.html |website=Vatican News}}</ref>
# {{flagicon|India}} [[Oswald Gracias]], [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bombay|Archbishop of Bombay]] (since 2013<ref name=":5" />)
# {{flagicon|India}} [[Oswald Gracias]], [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bombay|Archbishop of Bombay]] (since 2013)<ref name=":7" /><ref name=":5" />
# {{flagicon|United States}} [[Seán Patrick O'Malley]] {{post-nominals|list=[[Order of Friars Minor Capuchin|OFMCap]]}}, [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Boston|Archbishop of Boston]] and [[Pontifical Commission for the Protection of Minors|President of the Pontifical Commission for the Protection of Minors]] (since 2013<ref name=":5" />)
# {{flagicon|United States}} [[Seán Patrick O'Malley]] {{post-nominals|list=[[Order of Friars Minor Capuchin|OFMCap]]}}, [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Boston|Archbishop of Boston]] and [[Pontifical Commission for the Protection of Minors|President of the Pontifical Commission for the Protection of Minors]] (since 2013)<ref name=":5" />
#{{Flag icon|Spain}} [[Juan José Omella Omella]], [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Barcelona|Archbishop of Barcelona]] (since 2023<ref name=":4" />)
#{{Flag icon|Spain}} [[Juan José Omella]], [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Barcelona|Archbishop of Barcelona]] (since 2023)<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":4" />
#{{Flag icon|Canada}} [[Gérald Lacroix]], [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Quebec|Archbishop of Quebec]] (since 2023<ref name=":4" />)
#{{Flag icon|Canada}} [[Gérald Lacroix]] {{Post-nominals|list=[[Secular Institute Pius X|ISPX]]}}, [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Quebec|Archbishop of Quebec]] (since 2023)<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":4" />
#{{Flag icon|Luxembourg}} [[Jean-Claude Hollerich]], [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Luxembourg|Archbishop of Luxembourg]] (since 2023<ref name=":4" />)
#{{Flag icon|Luxembourg}} [[Jean-Claude Hollerich]] {{Post-nominals|list=[[Society of Jesus|SJ]]}}, [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Luxembourg|Archbishop of Luxembourg]] (since 2023)<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":4" />
#{{Flag icon|Brazil}} [[Sérgio da Rocha]], [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of São Salvador da Bahia|Archbishop of São Salvador da Bahia]] (since 2023<ref name=":4" />)
#{{Flag icon|Brazil}} [[Sérgio da Rocha]], [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of São Salvador da Bahia|Archbishop of São Salvador da Bahia]] (since 2023)<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":4" />


At the time of its formation, the council had eight members. Cardinal Parolin was not among the council's original membership, but attended the meetings regularly and, in July 2014, was confirmed by the [[Holy See Press Office]] as a ninth member of the council.<ref>{{cite news| work=La Stampa | access-date= 30 May 2018 | date= 2 July 2014 | url= http://www.lastampa.it/2014/07/02/vaticaninsider/eng/the-vatican/pope-and-c-express-esteem-for-von-freyberg-and-changes-are-on-the-horizon-for-the-ior-F5x47KBXXJYRwKZBI11drK/pagina.html | title= Pope and "C9" express esteem for Von Freyberg and changes are on the horizon for the IOR}}</ref>
At the time of its formation, the council had eight members. Cardinal Parolin was not among the council's original membership, but attended the meetings regularly and, in July 2014, was confirmed by the [[Holy See Press Office]] as a ninth member of the council.<ref>{{cite news| work=La Stampa | access-date= 30 May 2018 | date= 2 July 2014 | url= http://www.lastampa.it/2014/07/02/vaticaninsider/eng/the-vatican/pope-and-c-express-esteem-for-von-freyberg-and-changes-are-on-the-horizon-for-the-ior-F5x47KBXXJYRwKZBI11drK/pagina.html | title= Pope and "C9" express esteem for Von Freyberg and changes are on the horizon for the IOR}}</ref>


== Former members ==
== Former members ==
* 2013<ref name=":7" /><ref name=":5" />–2018:<ref name=":10">{{Cite web |title=Briefing by the Director of the Holy See Press Office, Greg Burke, on the 27th Meeting of the Council of Cardinals with the Holy Father Francis, 12.12.2018 |url=https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/bollettino/pubblico/2018/12/12/181212d.html |access-date=2023-03-09 |website=press.vatican.va}}</ref><ref name=":3" /> [[Francisco Javier Errázuriz Ossa]]
* 2013–2018: [[Francisco Javier Errázuriz Ossa]]<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":3" />
* 2013<ref name=":7" /><ref name=":5" />–2018:<ref name=":10" /><ref name=":3" /> [[Laurent Monsengwo Pasinya]]
* 2013–2018: [[Laurent Monsengwo Pasinya]]<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=15 October 2020 |title=DRC's Cardinal Besungu appointed to Council of Cardinals |url=https://www.vaticannews.va/en/vatican-city/news/2020-10/council-cardinals-pope-appointment-cardinal-besungu-drc.html |url-status=live |website=Vatican News}}</ref><ref name=":3" />
* 2013–2018: [[George Pell]]<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":3" />
* 2013<ref name=":7" /><ref name=":5" />–2018:<ref name=":10" /><ref name=":3" /> [[George Pell]]
* 2013–2023: [[Reinhard Marx]]<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Mares |first=Courtney |date=7 March 2023 |title=Pope Francis adds Hollerich and four other cardinals to his council of advisers |url=https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/253805/pope-francis-appoints-hollerich-and-four-other-new-cardinals-his-closest-cardinals |access-date=2023-03-08 |website=Catholic News Agency |language=en}}</ref>
* 2013<ref name=":7" /><ref name=":5" />–2023:<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Mares |first=Courtney |date=7 March 2023 |title=Pope Francis adds Hollerich and four other cardinals to his council of advisers |url=https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/253805/pope-francis-appoints-hollerich-and-four-other-new-cardinals-his-closest-cardinals |access-date=2023-03-08 |website=Catholic News Agency |language=en}}</ref> [[Reinhard Marx]]
* 2013–2023: [[Óscar Andrés Rodríguez Maradiaga]] {{post-nominals|list=[[Salesians of Don Bosco|SDB]]}} (former coordinator<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lastampa.it/2013/06/25/vaticaninsider/eng/the-vatican/popes-eight-cardinal-advisors-say-the-curia-is-not-the-only-thing-theyll-be-reforming-9Xe0icZnW7tmmbZ2dhp9MP/pagina.html |website=Vatican Insider |title=Pope's eight cardinal advisors say the Curia is not the only thing they'll be reforming |date=25 June 2013}}</ref>)<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":4" />
* 2013<ref name=":7" /><ref name=":5" />–2023:<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":4" /> [[Óscar Andrés Rodríguez Maradiaga]] {{post-nominals|list=[[Salesians of Don Bosco|SDB]]}} (former coordinator)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lastampa.it/2013/06/25/vaticaninsider/eng/the-vatican/popes-eight-cardinal-advisors-say-the-curia-is-not-the-only-thing-theyll-be-reforming-9Xe0icZnW7tmmbZ2dhp9MP/pagina.html |website=Vatican Insider |title=Pope's eight cardinal advisors say the Curia is not the only thing they'll be reforming |date=25 June 2013}}</ref>
* 2013–2023: [[Giuseppe Bertello]]<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":4" />
* 2013<ref name=":7" /><ref name=":5" />–2023:<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":4" /> [[Giuseppe Bertello]]


== Former secretaries ==
== Former secretaries ==


* 2013–2020: [[Marcello Semeraro]]<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":9" />
* 2013<ref name=":7" /><ref name=":5" />–2020:<ref name=":9" /><ref name=":1" /> [[Marcello Semeraro]]


=== Former adjunct secretaries ===
=== Former adjunct secretaries ===


* 2018–2020: [[Marco Mellino]] (stopped being adjunct secretaries to become secretary)<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":9" />
* 2018<ref name="oct27" /><ref name="alba" />–2020:<ref name=":9" /><ref name=":1" /> [[Marco Mellino]] (became secretary)<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":9" />


==References==
==References==
Line 62: Line 66:
== Further reading ==
== Further reading ==


* {{Cite web |last=Pentin |first=Edward |date=7 March 2023 |title=Who Are the New Cardinal Members of Pope Francis’ Advisory Council? |url=https://www.ncregister.com/blog/who-are-the-new-cardinal-members-of-the-c9 |url-status=live |access-date=2023-03-09 |website=[[National Catholic Register]] |language=en}}
* {{Cite web |last=Pentin |first=Edward |date=7 March 2023 |title=Who Are the New Cardinal Members of Pope Francis' Advisory Council? |url=https://www.ncregister.com/blog/who-are-the-new-cardinal-members-of-the-c9 |access-date=2023-03-09 |website=[[National Catholic Register]] |language=en}}

== External links ==

* [https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2013/04/13/0223/00502.html Communiqué on the first nomination of the cardinal advisers]
* [https://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/letters/2013/documents/papa-francesco_20130928_chirografo-consiglio-cardinali.html Chirograph establishing the Council of Cardinals]
{{College of Cardinals}}
{{College of Cardinals}}
{{Pope Francis}}
{{Pope Francis}}

Latest revision as of 04:09, 29 August 2024

Not to be confused with College of Cardinals.

The Council of Cardinals (also called C9 because it contained nine cardinal members for a time), also known as the Council of Cardinal Advisers, is a group of cardinals of the Catholic Church appointed by Pope Francis to serve as his advisers. The council was formally established on 28 September 2013.

Abbreviations

[edit]

The Council of Cardinals has been named under abbreviations referring to the number of cardinals advisers which, over time, it has comprised:[1] C8 (eight cardinals),[2] C9 (nine cardinals), C6 (six cardinals), C7 and (seven cardinals).[1]

History

[edit]

The appointment of a group of eight advisers and one secretary to support the pope and the reform of the Roman Curia was announced on 13 April 2013, one month after his election.[3][4][5] The same group was formally established as the Council of Cardinals on 28 September of the same year by a chirograph of Pope Francis.[6][7]

Secretary of State Pietro Parolin was added as a member of the council in July 2014.[8] The Holy See used the expression "council of the nine" (Consiglio dei nove in Italian) in September 2014.[9]

In 2018, Marco Mellino was named as adjunct secretary[10][11] to the council's secretary Marcello Semeraro.[4] Pope Francis later removed three of the council's nine members in late 2018.[12][13]

Francis appointed another cardinal as a member in 2020, and also replaced secretary Marcello Semeraro with Marco Mellino.[14][15]

In March 2023, three cardinal advisers were removed, and five new cardinal advisers were appointed; the three other cardinals and the secretary were re-appointed. This made the current total of nine cardinal advisers and one secretary.[16][17][18] On 24 April 2023, the new Council of Cardinals held their first meeting, over which Pope Francis presided.[19]

In February 2024, the role of women was discussed.[20] Jo Bailey Wells, Salesian Sister Linda Pocher and consecrated virgin Goiliva Di Berardino addressed the Council "on the role of women in the Church.”[21]

On 17 June, the third meeting of the Council since April 2024 began, presided over by Pope Francis. The April 2024 meeting centred on Praedicate evangelium's implementation in diocesan Curias.[22]

Purpose

[edit]

On 13 April 2013, the Holy See stated the cardinals had been appointed "to advise [the Pope] in the government of the universal Church and to study a plan for revising the Apostolic Constitution on the Roman Curia, 'Pastor Bonus'".[3] In a chirograph dated 28 September 2013, Pope Francis stated the Council had the goal "of assisting me in the governance of the universal Church and of studying a project for the revision of the Apostolic Constitution Pastor Bonus on the Roman Curia", and that "said Council will be a further expression of episcopal communion and assistance to the munus petrinum which the Episcopate across the world is able to offer".[7]

The Council of Cardinals was thus created primarily to assist Pope Francis in the reform of the Roman Curia. Said reform was promulgated in 2022 through the apostolic constitution Praedicate evangelium. The Council continues to exist and to perform various activities, despite having achieved its main goal.[1]

Due to the advisory role of the body, some publications have likened it to a privy council.[relevant?][23][24]

Leadership and membership

[edit]

The council currently comprises nine cardinals, assisted by Bishop Marco Mellino as its secretary:[16][17][18]

  1. Italy Pietro Parolin, Cardinal Secretary of State (since 2014)[8]
  2. Spain Fernando Vérgez Alzaga LC, President of the Governorate of the Vatican City State and President of the Pontifical Commission for the Vatican City State (since 2023)[16][25]
  3. Democratic Republic of the Congo Fridolin Ambongo Besungu OFMCap, Archbishop of Kinshasa (since 2020)[14][26]
  4. India Oswald Gracias, Archbishop of Bombay (since 2013)[3][4]
  5. United States Seán Patrick O'Malley OFMCap, Archbishop of Boston and President of the Pontifical Commission for the Protection of Minors (since 2013)[4]
  6. Spain Juan José Omella, Archbishop of Barcelona (since 2023)[16][25]
  7. Canada Gérald Lacroix ISPX, Archbishop of Quebec (since 2023)[16][25]
  8. Luxembourg Jean-Claude Hollerich SJ, Archbishop of Luxembourg (since 2023)[16][25]
  9. Brazil Sérgio da Rocha, Archbishop of São Salvador da Bahia (since 2023)[16][25]

At the time of its formation, the council had eight members. Cardinal Parolin was not among the council's original membership, but attended the meetings regularly and, in July 2014, was confirmed by the Holy See Press Office as a ninth member of the council.[27]

Former members

[edit]

Former secretaries

[edit]

Former adjunct secretaries

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Condon, Ed. (7 December 2022). "What is the Council of Cardinals for, anymore?". The Pillar. Retrieved 9 December 2022.
  2. ^ Condon, Ed. "Can Pope Francis' Council of Cardinals still deliver on reform?". Catholic News Agency. Retrieved 8 March 2023.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "COMUNICATO DELLA SEGRETERIA DI STATO, 13.04.2013". press.vatican.va. Retrieved 9 March 2023.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Pope appoints advisors for Curia reform". Catholic News Agency. 13 April 2013. Retrieved 8 March 2023.
  5. ^ Pianigiani, Gaia; Donadio, Rachel (13 April 2013). "Pope Francis Names Advisory Panel at Vatican". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 8 March 2023.
  6. ^ "The Pope Institutes a Council of Cardinals to Assist in the Governance of the Universal Church". Vatican Information Service. 30 September 2013.
  7. ^ a b Pope Francis (28 September 2013). "Chirograph by which a Council of Cardinals is Established to Assist the Holy Father in the Governance of the Universal Church and to Study Possible Revisions of the Apostolic Constitution "Pastor Bonus" on the Roman Curia". The Holy See.
  8. ^ a b "Consiglio di Cardinali - Briefing del Direttore della Sala Stampa, 2 luglio 2014". press.vatican.va. Retrieved 8 March 2023.
  9. ^ "Sesta riunione del Santo Padre con i Cardinali Consiglieri (15-17 settembre 2014)". press.vatican.va. Retrieved 8 March 2023.
  10. ^ a b "Alba, Papa Francesco nomina monsignor Marco Mellino Vescovo e Segretario aggiunto del C9". Albese News (in Italian). 28 October 2018. Retrieved 12 December 2018.
  11. ^ a b "Resignations and Appointments, 27.10.2018" (Press release). Holy See Press Office. 27 October 2018. Retrieved 26 April 2019.
  12. ^ a b c d "Briefing by the Director of the Holy See Press Office, Greg Burke, on the 27th Meeting of the Council of Cardinals with the Holy Father Francis, 12.12.2018". press.vatican.va. Retrieved 9 March 2023.
  13. ^ a b c d Brockhaus, Hannah (12 December 2018). "Three cardinals dropped from C9 as reform process nears end". Catholic News Agency. Retrieved 19 June 2022.
  14. ^ a b c d e "Resignations and Appointments, 15.10.2020". press.vatican.va. Retrieved 9 March 2023.
  15. ^ "DRC's Cardinal Besungu appointed to Council of Cardinals". Vatican News. 15 October 2020. Retrieved 19 June 2022.
  16. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Comunicato della Sala Stampa della Santa Sede, 07.03.2023". press.vatican.va. Retrieved 7 March 2023.
  17. ^ a b "Pope renews Council of Cardinals". Vatican News. 7 March 2023. Retrieved 7 March 2023.
  18. ^ a b "Pope renews cabinet of cardinal advisers, adds new members". AP NEWS. 7 March 2023. Retrieved 7 March 2023.
  19. ^ "Pope presides over the first meeting of the new Council of Cardinals". Vatican News. 24 April 2023. Retrieved 24 April 2023.
  20. ^ Anglican bishop among the women speaking with Pope’s ‘kitchen cabinet’
  21. ^ "Female Anglican Bishop Addresses Pope Francis' Council of Cardinals". National Catholic Register. 5 February 2024. Retrieved 18 June 2024.
  22. ^ "Female Anglican Bishop Addresses Pope Francis' Council of Cardinals". National Catholic Register. 5 February 2024. Retrieved 18 June 2024.
  23. ^ Agnew, Paddy (15 April 2013). "Pope Francis appoints new 'privy council'". The Irish Times. Retrieved 9 March 2023.
  24. ^ "Cardinal Monsengwo, original member of pope's privy council, dies". international.la-croix.com. 12 July 2021. Retrieved 9 March 2023.
  25. ^ a b c d e f g h Mares, Courtney (7 March 2023). "Pope Francis adds Hollerich and four other cardinals to his council of advisers". Catholic News Agency. Retrieved 8 March 2023.
  26. ^ a b c d "DRC's Cardinal Besungu appointed to Council of Cardinals". Vatican News. 15 October 2020.
  27. ^ "Pope and "C9" express esteem for Von Freyberg and changes are on the horizon for the IOR". La Stampa. 2 July 2014. Retrieved 30 May 2018.
  28. ^ "Pope's eight cardinal advisors say the Curia is not the only thing they'll be reforming". Vatican Insider. 25 June 2013.

Further reading

[edit]
[edit]
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