Astra (satellite): Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Geostationary communication satellites}} |
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{{Use British English|date=November 2021}} |
{{Use British English|date=November 2021}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2021}} |
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{{distinguish|AstraSat}} |
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[[File:Astra logo.svg|thumb|upright=1.0|right|The Astra brand logo]] |
[[File:Astra logo.svg|thumb|upright=1.0|right|The Astra brand logo]] |
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'''Astra''' is the brand name for a number of [[geostationary satellite|geostationary]] [[communication satellite]]s, both individually and as a group, which are owned and operated by [[SES (company)|SES]], a global satellite operator based in [[Betzdorf, Luxembourg|Betzdorf]], in eastern [[Luxembourg]]. The name is also used to describe the pan-European broadcasting system provided by these satellites, the [[channel (broadcasting)|channels]] carried on them, and even the reception equipment. |
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At the time of the launch of the first Astra satellite, [[Astra 1A]] in 1988, the satellite's operator was known as '''Société Européenne des Satellites''' ("European Satellite Company"). In 2001 [[SES Astra]], a newly formed subsidiary of [[SES (company)|SES]], operated the Astra satellites and in September 2011, SES Astra was consolidated back into the parent company, which by this time also operated other satellite families such as [[SES Americom|AMC]], and [[SES World Skies|NSS]].<ref>{{cite press release|publisher=SES|date=September 9, 2011|url=http://en.ses.com/4233325/news/2011/7725000|title=New logo and brand identity presented at IBC in Amsterdam|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110926120837/http://en.ses.com/4233325/news/2011/7725000|archive-date=September 26, 2011}}</ref><ref>[http://www.spacedaily.com/reports/SES_Operates_Under_New_Management_Structure_999.html ''SES Operates Under New Management Structure''] Space Daily. May 3, 2011. Accessed July 27, 2017</ref> |
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'''Astra''' is the brand name for a number of [[geostationary satellite|geostationary]] [[communication satellite]]s, both individually and as a group, which are owned and operated by [[SES S.A.]], a global satellite operator based in [[Betzdorf, Luxembourg|Betzdorf]], in eastern [[Luxembourg]]. The name is also used to describe the pan-European broadcasting system provided by these satellites, the [[channel (broadcasting)|channels]] carried on them, and even the reception equipment. |
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Astra satellites broadcast 2,600 [[Digital data|digital]] [[television]] channels (675 in [[High-definition television|high definition]]) via five main satellite orbital positions to [[household]]s across [[Asia]], [[Australia]], [[Africa]], [[Americas]], [[Europe]], [[New Zealand]], [[Middle East]] and [[North Africa]].<ref>Veronica Magan [http://www.satellitetoday.com/broadcasting/2016/01/13/ses-tv-channels-grow-by-11-3-percent-in-2015/ ''SES TV Channels Grow by 11.3% in 2015''] Satellite Today January 13, 2016. Accessed December 1, 2016</ref> The satellites have been instrumental in the establishment of satellite TV and the introduction of [[Digital television|digital TV]], [[High-definition television|HDTV]], [[3D television|3D TV]], and [[Hybrid Broadcast Broadband TV]] (HbbTV) in Europe. |
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At the time of the launch of the first Astra satellite, [[Astra 1A]] in 1988, the satellite's operator was known as '''Société Européenne des Satellites'''. In 2001 [[SES Astra]], a newly formed subsidiary of SES, operated the Astra satellites and in September 2011, SES Astra was consolidated back into the parent company, which by this time also operated other satellite families such as [[SES Americom|AMC]], and [[SES World Skies|NSS]].<ref>{{cite press release|publisher=SES|date=September 9, 2011|url=http://en.ses.com/4233325/news/2011/7725000|title=New logo and brand identity presented at IBC in Amsterdam|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110926120837/http://en.ses.com/4233325/news/2011/7725000|archive-date=September 26, 2011}}</ref><ref>[http://www.spacedaily.com/reports/SES_Operates_Under_New_Management_Structure_999.html ''SES Operates Under New Management Structure''] Space Daily. May 3, 2011. Accessed July 27, 2017</ref> |
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A book, ''[[High Above (book)|High Above]]'', telling the story of the creation and development of the Astra satellites and their contribution to developments in the European TV and media industry, was published in April 2010 to mark the 25th anniversary of [[SES (company)|SES]]. |
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Astra satellites broadcast 2600 [[Digital data|digital]] [[television]] channels (675 in [[High-definition television|high definition]]) via five main satellite orbital positions to [[household]]s across [[Asia]], [[Australia]], [[Africa]], [[Americas]], [[Europe]], [[New Zealand]], [[Middle East]] and [[North Africa]].<ref>Veronica Magan [http://www.satellitetoday.com/broadcasting/2016/01/13/ses-tv-channels-grow-by-11-3-percent-in-2015/ ''SES TV Channels Grow by 11.3% in 2015''] Satellite Today January 13, 2016. Accessed December 1, 2016</ref> The satellites have been instrumental in the establishment of satellite TV and the introduction of [[Digital television|digital TV]], [[High-definition television|HDTV]], [[3D television|3D TV]], and [[Hybrid Broadcast Broadband TV]] (HbbTV) in Europe. |
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A book, ''[[High Above (book)|High Above]]'', telling the story of the creation and development of the Astra satellites and their contribution to developments in the European TV and media industry, was published in April 2010 to mark the 25th anniversary of SES. |
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== Satellites == |
== Satellites == |
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There are 11 fully-operational Astra satellites and another |
There are 11 fully-operational Astra satellites and another 2 as backup/reserve, the majority in four orbital locations - [[Astra 19.2°E]], [[Astra 28.2°E]], [[Astra 23.5°E]], [[Astra 5°E]]. Astra's principle of "co-location" (several satellites are maintained close to each other, all within a cube with a size of {{cvt|150|km}}.<ref>Bains, Geoff "The [[Failsafe]] Family" ''What Satellite & Digital TV'' April, 2012, p. 29</ref>) increases flexibility and redundancy. |
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |
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! colspan="5" |[[Astra 19.2°E]] |
! colspan="5" |[[Astra 19.2°E]] |
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| <span style="color:blue"> |
| <span style="color:blue">147 transponders broadcasting to 118.4 million households</span><ref>[https://www.ses.com/our-coverage#/explore/orbital-position/196 ''19.2°E''] ses.com. Accessed 30 May 2023</ref> |
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| [[Astra 1KR|1KR]] |
| [[Astra 1KR|1KR]] |
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| 20 April 2006 |
| 20 April 2006 |
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| Line 33: | Line 33: | ||
| [[Lockheed Martin A2100|A2100]] |
| [[Lockheed Martin A2100|A2100]] |
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| [[Atlas V]] (411) |
| [[Atlas V]] (411) |
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| Launched after the failure of [[Astra 1K]]. Broadcast |
| Launched after the failure of [[Astra 1K]]. Broadcast 17 transponders. |
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| [[Astra 1L|1L]] |
| [[Astra 1L|1L]] |
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| 4 May 2007 |
| 4 May 2007 |
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| Replacement for [[Astra 1E]]/[[Astra 2C]]; [[Ku band|Ku-band]] and [[Ka band|Ka-band]]. Broadcast 23 transponders and 2 transponder on Ka-band. |
| Replacement for [[Astra 1E]]/[[Astra 2C]]; [[Ku band|Ku-band]] and [[Ka band|Ka-band]]. Broadcast 23 transponders and 2 transponder on Ka-band. |
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| [[Astra 1M|1M]] |
| [[Astra 1M|1M]] |
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| 6 November 2008 |
| 6 November 2008 |
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| [[Eurostar E3000]] |
| [[Eurostar E3000]] |
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| [[Proton-M]] |
| [[Proton-M]] |
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| Replacement for [[Astra 1G]] and backup at 19.2°E. Started commercial service 20 January 2009.<ref>{{cite press release|publisher=SES ASTRA|date=January 20, 2009 |url=http://www.ses.com/4233325/news/2009/4470504|title=New ASTRA 1M Satellite Ready For Operation|access-date=January 26, 2012}}</ref> Broadcast |
| Replacement for [[Astra 1G]] and backup at 19.2°E. Started commercial service 20 January 2009.<ref>{{cite press release|publisher=SES ASTRA|date=January 20, 2009 |url=http://www.ses.com/4233325/news/2009/4470504|title=New ASTRA 1M Satellite Ready For Operation|access-date=January 26, 2012}}</ref> Broadcast 24 transponders. |
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| [[Astra 1N|1N]] |
| [[Astra 1N|1N]] |
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| 6 August 2011 |
| 6 August 2011 |
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| [[Eurostar E3000]] |
| [[Eurostar E3000]] |
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| [[Ariane 5|Ariane 5 ECA]] |
| [[Ariane 5|Ariane 5 ECA]] |
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| Started commercial service 24 October 2011.<ref>{{cite press release|publisher=SES|date=October 24, 2011|url=http://www.ses.com/4233325/news/2011/8301772|title=New SES Satellite ASTRA 1N Operational}}</ref> Broadcast |
| Started commercial service 24 October 2011.<ref>{{cite press release|publisher=SES|date=October 24, 2011|url=http://www.ses.com/4233325/news/2011/8301772|title=New SES Satellite ASTRA 1N Operational}}</ref> Broadcast 27 transponders. |
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| [[Astra 1P|1P]] |
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| 20 June 2024 |
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| [[Thales Alenia Space]] |
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| [[Spacebus#Spacebus NEO|Spacebus NEO 200]] |
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| [[Falcon 9 Block 5]] |
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| en route to orbital position. Also known as SES-24. |
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| 1Q |
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| 2026 |
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| [[Thales Alenia Space]] |
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| [[Spacebus#Spacebus NEO|Spacebus NEO 200]] |
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| [[Falcon 9 Block 5]] |
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| {{Planned}} |
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! colspan="5" | [[Astra 28.2°E]] |
! colspan="5" | [[Astra 28.2°E]] |
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| <span style="color:blue"> |
| <span style="color:blue">305 transponders broadcasting to 419 million households</span><ref>[https://www.ses.com/our-coverage#/explore/orbital-position/198 ''28.2°E''] ses.com. Accessed 30 May 2023</ref> |
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| [[Astra 2E|2E]] |
| [[Astra 2E|2E]] |
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| 30 September 2013<ref>{{cite press release|publisher=SES|date=September 30, 2013|url=http://www.ses.com/16089724/2013-09-30-ASTRA-2E-successfully-launched|title=ASTRA 2E successfully launched|access-date=September 30, 2013}}</ref> |
| 30 September 2013<ref>{{cite press release|publisher=SES|date=September 30, 2013|url=http://www.ses.com/16089724/2013-09-30-ASTRA-2E-successfully-launched|title=ASTRA 2E successfully launched|access-date=September 30, 2013}}</ref> |
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| [[Eurostar E3000]] |
| [[Eurostar E3000]] |
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| [[Proton (rocket family)|Proton Breeze M]] |
| [[Proton (rocket family)|Proton Breeze M]] |
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| Started commercial service on 1 February 2014.<ref>{{cite press release|publisher=SES|date=January 31, 2014|url=http://www.ses.com/4233325/news/2014/16858202|title=SES' ASTRA 2E SATELLITE STARTS OPERATIONS |access-date=February 1, 2014}}</ref> Broadcast |
| Started commercial service on 1 February 2014.<ref>{{cite press release|publisher=SES|date=January 31, 2014|url=http://www.ses.com/4233325/news/2014/16858202|title=SES' ASTRA 2E SATELLITE STARTS OPERATIONS |access-date=February 1, 2014}}</ref> Broadcast 15 transponders on UK spot beam and 8 transponders on European beam. |
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| [[Astra 2F|2F]] |
| [[Astra 2F|2F]] |
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| [[Ariane 5|Ariane 5 ECA]] |
| [[Ariane 5|Ariane 5 ECA]] |
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| Rolling capacity replacement at 28.2°E.<ref name="PR2009">{{cite press release|publisher=SES ASTRA|date=November 30, 2009|url=http://www.ses.com/4233325/news/2009/4471163|title=SES Orders Four New Satellites From ASTRIUM|access-date=January 26, 2012}}</ref> and provision of Ku-band DTH in [[West Africa]] and Ka-band in [[Western Europe]]<ref>[http://www.ses.com/12427176/2012-08-23-ASTRA-2F-arrives-at-the-Guiana-Space-Centre ''ASTRA 2F arrives at the Guiana Space Centre, Kourou''] August 23, 2012 SES blog. Accessed August 26, 2012</ref> Started commercial service on 21 November 2012.<ref>{{cite press release |
| Rolling capacity replacement at 28.2°E.<ref name="PR2009">{{cite press release|publisher=SES ASTRA|date=November 30, 2009|url=http://www.ses.com/4233325/news/2009/4471163|title=SES Orders Four New Satellites From ASTRIUM|access-date=January 26, 2012}}</ref> and provision of Ku-band DTH in [[West Africa]] and Ka-band in [[Western Europe]]<ref>[http://www.ses.com/12427176/2012-08-23-ASTRA-2F-arrives-at-the-Guiana-Space-Centre ''ASTRA 2F arrives at the Guiana Space Centre, Kourou''] August 23, 2012 SES blog. Accessed August 26, 2012</ref> Started commercial service on 21 November 2012.<ref>{{cite press release |
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|publisher=SES|date=November 21, 2012|url=http://www.ses.com/4233325/news/2012/13553882|title=SES' ASTRA 2F SATELLITE STARTS OPERATIONS|access-date=December 27, 2012}}</ref> Broadcast 6 transponders on UK spot beam, |
|publisher=SES|date=November 21, 2012|url=http://www.ses.com/4233325/news/2012/13553882|title=SES' ASTRA 2F SATELLITE STARTS OPERATIONS|access-date=December 27, 2012}}</ref> Broadcast 6 transponders on UK spot beam, 8 transponders on European beam and 9 transponders on West Africa spot beam. |
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| [[Astra 2G|2G]] |
| [[Astra 2G|2G]] |
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| 27 December 2014<ref>{{cite press release|publisher=SES|date=December 28, 2014|url=http://www.ses.com/4233325/news/2014/20470317|title=ASTRA 2G SATELLITE ROARS INTO ORBIT|access-date=January 1, 2015}}</ref> |
| 27 December 2014<ref>{{cite press release|publisher=SES|date=December 28, 2014|url=http://www.ses.com/4233325/news/2014/20470317|title=ASTRA 2G SATELLITE ROARS INTO ORBIT|access-date=January 1, 2015}}</ref> |
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| [[Eurostar E3000]] |
| [[Eurostar E3000]] |
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| [[Proton (rocket family)|Proton Breeze M]] |
| [[Proton (rocket family)|Proton Breeze M]] |
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| Rolling capacity replacement at 28.2°E.<ref name="PR2009"/> Tested at 21.0°E and 43.5°E before moving to 28.2°E in June 2015.<ref>[http://www.satellite-calculations.com/Satellite/satellitelist.php http://www.satellite-calculations.com/] accessed June 28, 2015</ref> Started commercial service on 1 June 2015. Broadcast |
| Rolling capacity replacement at 28.2°E.<ref name="PR2009"/> Tested at 21.0°E and 43.5°E before moving to 28.2°E in June 2015.<ref>[http://www.satellite-calculations.com/Satellite/satellitelist.php http://www.satellite-calculations.com/] accessed June 28, 2015</ref> Started commercial service on 1 June 2015. Broadcast 5 transponders on UK spot beam, 20 transponders on European beam and 2 transponder on West Africa spot beam. |
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! colspan="5" | [[Astra 23.5°E]] |
! colspan="5" | [[Astra 23.5°E]] |
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| <span style="color:blue"> |
| <span style="color:blue">64 transponders broadcasting to 415 million households</span><ref>[https://www.ses.com/our-coverage#/explore/orbital-position/197 ''23.5°E''] ses.com. Accessed 30 May 2023</ref> |
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| [[Astra 3B|3B]] |
| [[Astra 3B|3B]] |
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| 21 May 2010 |
| 21 May 2010 |
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| [[Eurostar E3000]] |
| [[Eurostar E3000]] |
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| [[Ariane 5|Ariane 5 ECA]] |
| [[Ariane 5|Ariane 5 ECA]] |
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| Launch delayed for nearly two months due to launcher problems.<ref>{{cite press release|publisher=SES ASTRA|date=May 22, 2010|url=http://www.ses.com/4233325/news/2010/4488421|title=ASTRA 3B SATELLITE SUCCESSFULLY LAUNCHED|access-date=January 26, 2012}}</ref> |
| Launch delayed for nearly two months due to launcher problems.<ref>{{cite press release|publisher=SES ASTRA|date=May 22, 2010|url=http://www.ses.com/4233325/news/2010/4488421|title=ASTRA 3B SATELLITE SUCCESSFULLY LAUNCHED|access-date=January 26, 2012}}</ref> Broadcast 28 transponders. |
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| [[Astra 5B|3C]]<br>(was 5B) |
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| 22 March 2014<ref name="5B-launch">{{cite press release|publisher=SES|date=June 2, 2014|url=http://www.ses.com/4233325/news/2014/19480974|title=SES: ASTRA 5B SATELLITE GOES LIVE AT 31.5° EAST|access-date=June 27, 2014}}</ref> |
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| [[Airbus Defence and Space|Airbus D&S]] |
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| [[Eurostar E3000]] |
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| [[Ariane 5|Ariane 5 ECA]] |
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| Launched as [[Astra 5B]] to add new capacity and replace existing craft at 31.5°E.<ref name="PR2009"/> Entered commercial service on 2 June 2014.<ref name="5B-launch"/> In July 2023, moved to [[Astra 23.5°E|23.5° East]]<ref>[https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=39617 ''ASTRA 5B''] N2YO.com. Accessed 26 September 2023</ref> and renamed Astra 3C.<ref>[https://www.ses.com/sites/default/files/network_map/SES_FleetMap_RGB_10302023_Rise_Final.pdf ''SES Fleet Map''] SES. Accessed 25 December 2023</ref><ref>[https://www.parabola.cz/clanky/7612/astra-5b-jako-astra-3c-siri-prvni-programy-pro-skylink/ ''Astra 5B as Astra 3C broadcasts the first programmes for Skylink'' (Czech)] Parabola.cz 1 December 2023. Accessed 25 December 2023</ref> Broadcast 3 transponders. |
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! colspan="5" |[[Astra 5°E]] |
! colspan="5" |[[Astra 5°E]] |
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| <span style="color:blue"> |
| <span style="color:blue">121 transponders broadcasting to 51.5 million households</span><ref>[https://www.ses.com/our-coverage#/explore/orbital-position/195 ''5°E''] ses.com. Accessed 30 May 2023</ref> |
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| [[Astra 4A|4A]] |
| [[Astra 4A|4A]] |
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| 18 November 2007 |
| 18 November 2007 |
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| Originally called [[Sirius (satellite)|Sirius 4]]. |
| Originally called [[Sirius (satellite)|Sirius 4]]. |
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| [[SES-5|4B (now SES-5)]] |
| [[SES-5|4B (now SES-5)]] |
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| 10 July 2012 |
| 10 July 2012 |
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| [[Proton-M]] |
| [[Proton-M]] |
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| Originally [[Sirius (satellite)|Sirius 5]], renamed to [[SES-5|Astra 4B]] in 2010 and to SES-5 in 2011. Provides global [[C band (IEEE)|C-band]] capacity and Ku-band for [[Sub-Saharan Africa]] and [[Nordic countries|Nordic regions]]. |
| Originally [[Sirius (satellite)|Sirius 5]], renamed to [[SES-5|Astra 4B]] in 2010 and to SES-5 in 2011. Provides global [[C band (IEEE)|C-band]] capacity and Ku-band for [[Sub-Saharan Africa]] and [[Nordic countries|Nordic regions]]. |
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! colspan="5" |[[Astra 31.5°E]] |
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| <span style="color:blue">Broadcasts to 18 million households.</span><ref name="satellite_figures"/> |
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| [[Astra 5B|5B]] |
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| 22 March 2014<ref name="5B-launch">{{cite press release|publisher=SES|date=June 2, 2014|url=http://www.ses.com/4233325/news/2014/19480974|title=SES: ASTRA 5B SATELLITE GOES LIVE AT 31.5° EAST|access-date=June 27, 2014}}</ref> |
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| [[Airbus Defence and Space|Airbus D&S]] |
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| [[Eurostar E3000]] |
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| [[Ariane 5|Ariane 5 ECA]] |
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| To add new capacity and replace existing craft at 31.5°E.<ref name="PR2009"/> Entered commercial service on 2 June 2014.<ref name="5B-launch"/> |
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! colspan="5" | NOT IN REGULAR USE |
! colspan="5" | NOT IN REGULAR USE |
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| [[Astra 1D|1D]] |
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| 1 November 1994 |
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| [[Boeing Satellite Development Center|Hughes]] |
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| [[Boeing 601|HS-601]] |
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| [[Ariane 4|Ariane 42P]] |
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| Moving west.<br/>Originally at 19.2°E. Used at 28.2°E, 23.5°E, 31.5°E, 1.8°E and 52.2°E. Started moving west in February 2014 to arrive at 67.5°W in June 2014.<ref name="n2yo.com"/> In summer 2015 moved to 47.2°W, near [[NSS-806]].<ref>[http://www.n2yo.com/satellites/?c=34&srt=1&dir=1 Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions] Accessed October 26, 2015</ref> In 2017, moved to 73°W.<ref name="ReferenceA">[http://www.n2yo.com/satellites/?c=34&srt=1&dir=1 Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions] Accessed February 26, 2018</ref> In November 2021, 1D started moving west at 4.8°/day.<ref>[http://www.n2yo.com/satellites/?c=34&srt=1&dir=1 Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions] Accessed 24 November 2021</ref> |
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| [[Astra 1G|1G]] |
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| 2 December 1997 |
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| [[Boeing Satellite Development Center|Hughes]] |
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| [[Boeing 601|HS-601HP]] |
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| [[Proton-K]] |
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| Positioned at 19.2°E.<br/>Originally launched to 19.2°E. Moved to 23.5°E in February 2009 following launch of [[Astra 1M]]. Then to 31.5°E in July 2010, following launch of [[Astra 3B]]. Moved east in summer 2014 to 60°E, then to 63°E in November 2016,<ref>[http://www.n2yo.com/satellites/?c=34&srt=1&dir=1 REAL TIME SATELLITE TRACKING AND PREDICTIONS] Accessed November 30, 2016</ref> to 51°E in August 2017,<ref>[http://www.n2yo.com/satellites/?c=34&srt=1&dir=1 REAL TIME SATELLITE TRACKING AND PREDICTIONS] Accessed August 29, 2017</ref> to 57°E in August 2018.<ref>[http://www.n2yo.com/satellites/?c=34&srt=1&dir=1 REAL TIME SATELLITE TRACKING AND PREDICTIONS] Accessed August 20, 2018</ref> and back to 63°E in August 2019.<ref>[http://www.n2yo.com/satellites/?c=34&srt=1&dir=1 REAL TIME SATELLITE TRACKING AND PREDICTIONS] Accessed September 30, 2019</ref> Moved back to 19.2°E in February 2021.<ref>[http://www.n2yo.com/satellites/?c=34&srt=1&dir=1 Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions] Accessed March 20, 2021</ref> |
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| [[Astra 2A|2A]] |
| [[Astra 2A|2A]] |
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| 30 August 1998 |
| 30 August 1998 |
||
| Line 151: | Line 136: | ||
| [[Boeing 601|HS-601HP]] |
| [[Boeing 601|HS-601HP]] |
||
| [[Proton (rocket family)|Proton]] |
| [[Proton (rocket family)|Proton]] |
||
| Positioned at |
| Positioned at 57.2°E.<br/>Originally launched to 28.2°E. Inactive at 28.2°E from March 2015. Moved to 113.5°E in summer 2016.<ref>[http://www.n2yo.com/satellites/?c=34&srt=1&dir=1 Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions] Accessed 30 October 2016</ref> and to 100°E in August 2018.<ref>[http://www.n2yo.com/satellites/?c=34&srt=1&dir=1 REAL TIME SATELLITE TRACKING AND PREDICTIONS] Accessed August 21, 2018</ref> In May 2020, Astra 2A started moving west at approx 0.8°/day.<ref>[http://www.n2yo.com/satellites/?c=34&srt=1&dir=1 REAL TIME SATELLITE TRACKING AND PREDICTIONS] Accessed May 30, 2020</ref> In autumn 2020, it was positioned back at 28.2°E.<ref>[http://www.n2yo.com/satellites/?c=34&srt=1&dir=1 REAL TIME SATELLITE TRACKING AND PREDICTIONS] Accessed December 31, 2020</ref> Moved to 57.2°E in 2022<ref>[http://www.n2yo.com/satellites/?c=34&srt=1&dir=1 REAL TIME SATELLITE TRACKING AND PREDICTIONS] Accessed 23 August 2022</ref> |
||
|- |
|||
| [[Astra 2B|2B]] |
|||
| 14 September 2000 |
|||
| [[Astrium]] (now [[Airbus Defence and Space|Airbus D&S]]) |
|||
| [[Eurostar (satellite bus)|Eurostar E2000+]] |
|||
| [[Ariane 5|Ariane 5G]] |
|||
| Moving West.<br/>Originally launched to 28.2°E. Relocated to 19.2°E in February 2013,<ref>[http://www.lyngsat.com/tracker/Astra-2B.html Astra 2B in lyngsat.com SatTracker] Accessed February 15, 2013</ref> following launch of [[Astra 2F]] to 28.2°E. Moved to 31.5°E in February 2014. Returned to 19.2°E as backup in December 2016.<ref>[http://www.n2yo.com/satellites/?c=34&srt=1&dir=1 Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions] Accessed December 29, 2016</ref> Started moving west in June 2017 to arrive alongside [[NSS-7]] at 20°W in August 2017.<ref>[http://www.n2yo.com/satellites/?c=34&srt=1&dir=1 Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions] Accessed August 28, 2017</ref> Started moving East in April 2018 to arrive at [[Astra 19.2°E]] in July 2018.<ref>[http://www.n2yo.com/satellites/?c=34&srt=1&dir=1 Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions] Accessed July 27, 2018</ref> Started moving west at approx. 4.9°/day in June 2021.<ref>[http://www.n2yo.com/satellites/?c=34&srt=1&dir=1 Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions] Accessed June 26, 2021</ref> |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Astra 2C|2C]] |
|||
| 16 June 2001 |
|||
| [[Boeing Satellite Development Center|Hughes]] |
|||
| [[Boeing 601|HS-601HP]] |
|||
| [[Proton (rocket family)|Proton]] |
|||
| Positioned at 72.5°W.<br/>Initially deployed at 19.2°E pending launch of [[Astra 1L]], then at originally intended position of 28.2°E. Moved to 31.5°E in May 2009) to temporarily replace the failed [[Astra 5A]], then back to 19.2°E in September 2010. Returned to 28.2°E in April 2014 and then in August 2015 moved to 60.5°E.<ref>[http://www.lyngsat.com/Astra-2C.html ''Astra 2C at 60.5°E''] Lyngsat Accessed September 27, 2015</ref> In April 2018, it moved west arriving at 23.5°E in May 2018.<ref>[http://www.n2yo.com/satellites/?c=34&srt=1&dir=1 Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions] Accessed May 27, 2018</ref> Moved to 72.5°W in 2021.<ref>[http://www.n2yo.com/satellites/?c=34&srt=1&dir=1 Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions] Accessed August 21, 2021</ref> |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Astra 2D|2D]] |
|||
| 19 December 2000 |
|||
| [[Boeing Satellite Development Center|Hughes]] |
|||
| [[HS-376|HS-376HP]] |
|||
| [[Ariane 5|Ariane 5G]] |
|||
| Positioned at 23.5°E.<br/>Originally launched to 28.2°E. Ceased regular use in February 2013 and positioned, inactive, at 28.0°E<ref>[http://www.ses.com/fleet-coverage Astra 2D in SES fleet information] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140213031056/http://www.ses.com/fleet-coverage|date=2014-02-13}} Accessed July 26, 2013</ref> until June 2015. Then moved West to be stationed at [[Astra 5°E]] in July 2015.<ref>[http://www.n2yo.com/satellites/?c=34&srt=1&dir=1 Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions] Accessed July 22, 2015</ref> In October 2015, moved to 57°E.<ref>[http://www.n2yo.com/satellites/?c=10&srt=1&dir=1 Geostationary Satellites] Accessed December 27, 2015</ref> In December 2017, moved to 60°E.<ref>[http://www.n2yo.com/satellites/?c=10&srt=1&dir=1 Geostationary Satellites] Accessed December 31, 2017</ref> Started moving west at 0.65°/day in May 2018 to arrive at [[Astra 5°E]] in July 2018.<ref>[http://www.n2yo.com/satellites/?c=34&srt=1&dir=1 Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions] Accessed July 29, 2018</ref> Started moving East at 0.9°/day in January 2020 to arrive at 57.2°E in March 2020.<ref>[http://www.n2yo.com/satellites/?c=34&srt=1&dir=1 Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions] Accessed March 31, 2020</ref> Started moving West in August 2021 to arrive at 23.5°E in November 2021.<ref>[http://www.n2yo.com/satellites/?c=34&srt=1&dir=1 Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions] Accessed 25 November 2021</ref> |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Astra 3A|3A]] |
|||
| 29 March 2002 |
|||
| [[Boeing Satellite Development Center|Boeing]] |
|||
| [[HS-376|HS-376HP]] |
|||
| [[Ariane 4|Ariane 4L]] |
|||
| Positioned at 86.5° W.<br/>Originally launched to 23.5°E. Moved to 177°W in November 2013, unused and in inclined orbit alongside [[NSS-9]].<ref>[http://www.n2yo.com/?s=27400 Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions - Astra 3A] Accessed February 27, 2014</ref> Then continuously moving East at approximately 1.5°/day,<ref>[http://www.n2yo.com/satellites/?c=34&srt=1&dir=1 Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions] Accessed July 4, 2016</ref> until positioned at 86.5°W in summer 2016.<ref>[http://www.n2yo.com/satellites/?c=34&srt=1&dir=1 Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions] Accessed November 1, 2016</ref> In November 2016, started moving East at approx 0.5°/day until positioned at 47°W in mid-February 2017.<ref>[http://www.n2yo.com/satellites/?c=34&srt=1&dir=1 Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions] Accessed February 28, 2017</ref> In October 2019, Astra 3A started moving West at approx 0.8°/day until returned to 86.5°W in December 2019.<ref>[http://www.n2yo.com/satellites/?c=34&srt=1&dir=1 Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions] Accessed 31 December 2019</ref> |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan="5" | No longer operational |
! colspan="5" | No longer operational |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Astra 1A|1A]] |
| [[Astra 1A|1A]] |
||
| 11 December 1988 |
| 11 December 1988 |
||
| [[Lockheed Martin Space Systems|GE AstroSpace]] |
| [[Lockheed Martin Space Systems|GE AstroSpace]] |
||
| |
| GE-4000 |
||
| [[Ariane 4|Ariane 44LP]] |
| [[Ariane 4|Ariane 44LP]] |
||
| The first Astra satellite. Now retired in [[graveyard orbit]]. |
| The first Astra satellite. Now retired in [[graveyard orbit]]. |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Astra 1B|1B]] |
| [[Astra 1B|1B]] |
||
| 2 March 1991 |
| 2 March 1991 |
||
| [[Lockheed Martin Space Systems|GE AstroSpace]] |
| [[Lockheed Martin Space Systems|GE AstroSpace]] |
||
| |
| GE-5000 |
||
| [[Ariane 4|Ariane 44LP]] |
| [[Ariane 4|Ariane 44LP]] |
||
| Acquired from [[SES Americom|GE Americom]] ([[Satcom (satellite)|Satcom K3]]). Now retired in [[graveyard orbit]]. |
| Acquired from [[SES Americom|GE Americom]] ([[Satcom (satellite)|Satcom K3]]). Now retired in [[graveyard orbit]]. |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Astra 1C|1C]] |
| [[Astra 1C|1C]] |
||
| 12 May 1993 |
| 12 May 1993 |
||
| Line 211: | Line 161: | ||
| Originally launched to 19.2°E. Used at 5°E. Unused and in [[inclined orbit]] at 72°W in summer 2014,<ref name="n2yo.com">[http://www.n2yo.com/satellites/?c=34&srt=1&dir=1 Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions] Accessed August 2, 2014</ref> 1.2°W in September 2014,<ref>[http://www.n2yo.com/satellites/?c=34&srt=1&dir=1 Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions] Accessed September 30, 2014</ref> 40°W in November 2014.<ref>[http://www.n2yo.com/satellites/?c=34&srt=1&dir=1 Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions] Accessed November 30, 2014</ref> From February 2015, continuously moving West at approx. 5.2°/day.<ref name="auto">[http://www.n2yo.com/satellites/?c=34&srt=1&dir=1 Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions] Accessed February 27, 2017</ref> |
| Originally launched to 19.2°E. Used at 5°E. Unused and in [[inclined orbit]] at 72°W in summer 2014,<ref name="n2yo.com">[http://www.n2yo.com/satellites/?c=34&srt=1&dir=1 Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions] Accessed August 2, 2014</ref> 1.2°W in September 2014,<ref>[http://www.n2yo.com/satellites/?c=34&srt=1&dir=1 Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions] Accessed September 30, 2014</ref> 40°W in November 2014.<ref>[http://www.n2yo.com/satellites/?c=34&srt=1&dir=1 Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions] Accessed November 30, 2014</ref> From February 2015, continuously moving West at approx. 5.2°/day.<ref name="auto">[http://www.n2yo.com/satellites/?c=34&srt=1&dir=1 Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions] Accessed February 27, 2017</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Astra 1D|1D]] |
|||
| 1 November 1994 |
|||
| [[Boeing Satellite Development Center|Hughes]] |
|||
| [[Boeing 601|HS-601]] |
|||
| [[Ariane 4|Ariane 42P]] |
|||
| Originally at 19.2°E. Used at 28.2°E, 23.5°E, 31.5°E, 1.8°E and 52.2°E. Started moving west in February 2014 to arrive at 67.5°W in June 2014.<ref name="n2yo.com"/> In summer 2015 moved to 47.2°W, near [[NSS-806]].<ref>[http://www.n2yo.com/satellites/?c=34&srt=1&dir=1 Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions] Accessed October 26, 2015</ref> In 2017, moved to 73°W.<ref name="ReferenceA">[http://www.n2yo.com/satellites/?c=34&srt=1&dir=1 Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions] Accessed February 26, 2018</ref> From November 2021, continuously moving West at approx 4.8°/day.<ref>[http://www.n2yo.com/satellites/?c=34&srt=1&dir=1 Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions] Accessed 24 November 2021</ref> |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Astra 1E|1E]] |
| [[Astra 1E|1E]] |
||
| 19 October 1995 |
| 19 October 1995 |
||
| Line 219: | Line 175: | ||
| Originally at 19.2°E. Used at 23.5°E pending launch of [[Astra 3B]]. Used at 5°E in September 2010, pending launch of [[SES-5|Astra 4B]]/SES-4, then moved April 2012 to 108.2°E where, as of November 2013, in inclined orbit.<ref>[http://www.ses.com/fleet-coverage Astra 1E in SES fleet information] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140213031056/http://www.ses.com/fleet-coverage|date=2014-02-13}} Accessed November 29, 2013</ref> Moved in February 2014 to 31.5°E pending launch of [[Astra 5B]].<ref>[http://www.n2yo.com/?s=23686 Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions - Astra 1E] Accessed February 27, 2014</ref> Returned to 23.5°E in February 2015. From June 2015, continuously moving West at approx 5.4°/day.<ref name="auto"/> |
| Originally at 19.2°E. Used at 23.5°E pending launch of [[Astra 3B]]. Used at 5°E in September 2010, pending launch of [[SES-5|Astra 4B]]/SES-4, then moved April 2012 to 108.2°E where, as of November 2013, in inclined orbit.<ref>[http://www.ses.com/fleet-coverage Astra 1E in SES fleet information] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140213031056/http://www.ses.com/fleet-coverage|date=2014-02-13}} Accessed November 29, 2013</ref> Moved in February 2014 to 31.5°E pending launch of [[Astra 5B]].<ref>[http://www.n2yo.com/?s=23686 Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions - Astra 1E] Accessed February 27, 2014</ref> Returned to 23.5°E in February 2015. From June 2015, continuously moving West at approx 5.4°/day.<ref name="auto"/> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Astra 1F|1F]] |
| [[Astra 1F|1F]] |
||
| 8 April 1996 |
| 8 April 1996 |
||
| Line 227: | Line 182: | ||
| Originally launched to 19.2°E. Moved in August 2009 to 51°E. Moved in May 2010 to 55°E. Moved in March 2015 to 44.5°E.<ref>[http://www.n2yo.com/satellites/?c=34&srt=1&dir=1 Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions] Accessed March 27, 2015</ref> From November 2020, continuously moving west at approx. 4.2°/day.<ref>[http://www.n2yo.com/satellites/?c=34&srt=1&dir=1 Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions] Accessed January 1, 2021</ref> |
| Originally launched to 19.2°E. Moved in August 2009 to 51°E. Moved in May 2010 to 55°E. Moved in March 2015 to 44.5°E.<ref>[http://www.n2yo.com/satellites/?c=34&srt=1&dir=1 Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions] Accessed March 27, 2015</ref> From November 2020, continuously moving west at approx. 4.2°/day.<ref>[http://www.n2yo.com/satellites/?c=34&srt=1&dir=1 Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions] Accessed January 1, 2021</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Astra 1G|1G]] |
|||
| 2 December 1997 |
|||
| [[Boeing Satellite Development Center|Hughes]] |
|||
| [[Boeing 601|HS-601HP]] |
|||
| [[Proton-K]] |
|||
| Originally launched to 19.2°E. Moved to 23.5°E in February 2009 following launch of [[Astra 1M]]. Then to 31.5°E in July 2010, following launch of [[Astra 3B]]. Moved east in summer 2014 to 60°E, then to 63°E in November 2016,<ref>[http://www.n2yo.com/satellites/?c=34&srt=1&dir=1 REAL TIME SATELLITE TRACKING AND PREDICTIONS] Accessed November 30, 2016</ref> to 51°E in August 2017,<ref>[http://www.n2yo.com/satellites/?c=34&srt=1&dir=1 REAL TIME SATELLITE TRACKING AND PREDICTIONS] Accessed August 29, 2017</ref> to 57°E in August 2018.<ref>[http://www.n2yo.com/satellites/?c=34&srt=1&dir=1 REAL TIME SATELLITE TRACKING AND PREDICTIONS] Accessed August 20, 2018</ref> and back to 63°E in August 2019.<ref>[http://www.n2yo.com/satellites/?c=34&srt=1&dir=1 REAL TIME SATELLITE TRACKING AND PREDICTIONS] Accessed September 30, 2019</ref> Moved back to 19.2°E in February 2021.<ref>[http://www.n2yo.com/satellites/?c=34&srt=1&dir=1 Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions] Accessed March 20, 2021</ref> Retired to [[graveyard orbit]] in June 2023.<ref>[https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=25071 Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions] Accessed 29 June 26 2023</ref> |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Astra 1H|1H]] |
| [[Astra 1H|1H]] |
||
| 18 June 1999 |
| 18 June 1999 |
||
| Line 233: | Line 194: | ||
| [[Boeing 601|HS-601HP]] |
| [[Boeing 601|HS-601HP]] |
||
| [[Proton (rocket family)|Proton]] |
| [[Proton (rocket family)|Proton]] |
||
| Originally launched to 19.2°E. Moved in June 2013 to 52.2°E,<ref>[http://www.ses.com/4628677/astra-1h Astra 1H in SES website] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004222506/http://www.ses.com/4628677/astra-1h|date=2013-10-04}} Accessed September 30, 2013</ref> to establish SES' commercialisation of the [[TürkmenÄlem 52°E / MonacoSAT|MonacoSat]] position.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ses.com/4233325/news/2013/15559071|title=SES AND SSI-MONACO SIGN MONACOSAT COLLABORATION AGREEMENT|publisher=SES|access-date=September 30, 2013 |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20131001080548/http://www.ses.com/4233325/news/2013/15559071|archive-date=October 1, 2013}}</ref> Returned in 2014 to 19.2°E.<ref>[http://www.n2yo.com/?s=25785 Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions - Astra 1H] Accessed February 27, 2014</ref> Started moving west in May 2014 arriving at 67.5°W in mid-August 2014.<ref>[http://www.n2yo.com/satellites/?c=34&srt=1&dir=1 Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions] Accessed August 27, 2014</ref> Moved in May 2015 to 47.5°W,<ref>[http://www.n2yo.com/satellites/?c=34&srt=1&dir=1 Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions] Accessed July 17, 2014</ref> in September 2016 to 55.2° E,<ref>[http://www.n2yo.com/satellites/?c=34&srt=1&dir=1 Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions] Accessed October 31, 2016</ref> in January 2017 to 43.5° E,<ref>[http://www.n2yo.com/satellites/?c=34&srt=1&dir=1 Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions] Accessed January 30, 2017</ref> in February 2018 to 67°W<ref name="ReferenceA"/> and in October 2018 to 81°W.<ref>[http://www.n2yo.com/satellites/?c=34&srt=1&dir=1 Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions] Accessed October 14, 2018</ref> In January 2019, Astra 1H was returned to 67°W.<ref>[http://www.n2yo.com/satellites/?c=34&srt=1&dir=1 Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions] Accessed February 28, 2019</ref> From October 2019, continuously moving West at approx. 4.8°/day.<ref>[http://www.n2yo.com/satellites/?c=34&srt=1&dir=1 Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions] Accessed October 27, 2019</ref> |
| Originally launched to 19.2°E. Moved in June 2013 to 52.2°E,<ref>[http://www.ses.com/4628677/astra-1h Astra 1H in SES website] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004222506/http://www.ses.com/4628677/astra-1h|date=2013-10-04}} Accessed September 30, 2013</ref> to establish [[SES (company)|SES]]' commercialisation of the [[TürkmenÄlem 52°E / MonacoSAT|MonacoSat]] position.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ses.com/4233325/news/2013/15559071|title=SES AND SSI-MONACO SIGN MONACOSAT COLLABORATION AGREEMENT|publisher=SES|access-date=September 30, 2013 |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20131001080548/http://www.ses.com/4233325/news/2013/15559071|archive-date=October 1, 2013}}</ref> Returned in 2014 to 19.2°E.<ref>[http://www.n2yo.com/?s=25785 Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions - Astra 1H] Accessed February 27, 2014</ref> Started moving west in May 2014 arriving at 67.5°W in mid-August 2014.<ref>[http://www.n2yo.com/satellites/?c=34&srt=1&dir=1 Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions] Accessed August 27, 2014</ref> Moved in May 2015 to 47.5°W,<ref>[http://www.n2yo.com/satellites/?c=34&srt=1&dir=1 Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions] Accessed July 17, 2014</ref> in September 2016 to 55.2° E,<ref>[http://www.n2yo.com/satellites/?c=34&srt=1&dir=1 Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions] Accessed October 31, 2016</ref> in January 2017 to 43.5° E,<ref>[http://www.n2yo.com/satellites/?c=34&srt=1&dir=1 Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions] Accessed January 30, 2017</ref> in February 2018 to 67°W<ref name="ReferenceA"/> and in October 2018 to 81°W.<ref>[http://www.n2yo.com/satellites/?c=34&srt=1&dir=1 Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions] Accessed October 14, 2018</ref> In January 2019, Astra 1H was returned to 67°W.<ref>[http://www.n2yo.com/satellites/?c=34&srt=1&dir=1 Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions] Accessed February 28, 2019</ref> From October 2019, continuously moving West at approx. 4.8°/day.<ref>[http://www.n2yo.com/satellites/?c=34&srt=1&dir=1 Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions] Accessed October 27, 2019</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Astra 1K|1K]] |
| [[Astra 1K|1K]] |
||
| 26 November 2002 |
| 26 November 2002 |
||
| Line 243: | Line 203: | ||
| Launched to 19.2°E but failed to reach [[geostationary orbit]], and intentionally deorbited on 10 December 2002. |
| Launched to 19.2°E but failed to reach [[geostationary orbit]], and intentionally deorbited on 10 December 2002. |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Astra 2B|2B]] |
|||
| 14 September 2000 |
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| [[Astrium]] (now [[Airbus Defence and Space|Airbus D&S]]) |
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| [[Eurostar (satellite bus)|Eurostar E2000+]] |
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| [[Ariane 5|Ariane 5G]] |
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| Originally launched to 28.2°E. Relocated to 19.2°E in February 2013,<ref>[http://www.lyngsat.com/tracker/Astra-2B.html Astra 2B in lyngsat.com SatTracker] Accessed February 15, 2013</ref> following launch of [[Astra 2F]] to 28.2°E. Moved to 31.5°E in February 2014. Returned to 19.2°E as backup in December 2016.<ref>[http://www.n2yo.com/satellites/?c=34&srt=1&dir=1 Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions] Accessed December 29, 2016</ref> Started moving west in June 2017 to arrive alongside [[NSS-7]] at 20°W in August 2017.<ref>[http://www.n2yo.com/satellites/?c=34&srt=1&dir=1 Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions] Accessed August 28, 2017</ref> Started moving East in April 2018 to arrive at [[Astra 19.2°E]] in July 2018.<ref>[http://www.n2yo.com/satellites/?c=34&srt=1&dir=1 Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions] Accessed July 27, 2018</ref> From June 2021, continuously moving west at approx. 4.9°/day.<ref>[http://www.n2yo.com/satellites/?c=34&srt=1&dir=1 Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions] Accessed June 26, 2021</ref> |
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|- |
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| [[Astra 2C|2C]] |
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| 16 June 2001 |
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| [[Boeing Satellite Development Center|Hughes]] |
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| [[Boeing 601|HS-601HP]] |
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| [[Proton (rocket family)|Proton]] |
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| Initially deployed at 19.2°E pending launch of [[Astra 1L]], then at originally intended position of 28.2°E. Moved to 31.5°E in May 2009) to temporarily replace the failed [[Astra 5A]], then back to 19.2°E in September 2010. Returned to 28.2°E in April 2014 and then in August 2015 moved to 60.5°E.<ref>[http://www.lyngsat.com/Astra-2C.html ''Astra 2C at 60.5°E''] Lyngsat Accessed September 27, 2015</ref> In April 2018, it moved west arriving at 23.5°E in May 2018.<ref>[http://www.n2yo.com/satellites/?c=34&srt=1&dir=1 Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions] Accessed May 27, 2018</ref> Moved to 72.5°W in 2021.<ref>[http://www.n2yo.com/satellites/?c=34&srt=1&dir=1 Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions] Accessed August 21, 2021</ref> From June 2024, moving west at approx. 4.5°/day.<ref>[http://www.n2yo.com/satellites/?c=34&srt=1&dir=1 Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions] Accessed 25 June 2024</ref> |
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|- |
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| [[Astra 2D|2D]] |
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| 19 December 2000 |
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| [[Boeing Satellite Development Center|Hughes]] |
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| [[HS-376|HS-376HP]] |
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| [[Ariane 5|Ariane 5G]] |
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| Originally launched to 28.2°E. Ceased regular use in February 2013 and positioned, inactive, at 28.0°E<ref>[http://www.ses.com/fleet-coverage Astra 2D in SES fleet information] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140213031056/http://www.ses.com/fleet-coverage|date=2014-02-13}} Accessed July 26, 2013</ref> until June 2015. Then moved West to be stationed at [[Astra 5°E]] in July 2015.<ref>[http://www.n2yo.com/satellites/?c=34&srt=1&dir=1 Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions] Accessed July 22, 2015</ref> In October 2015, moved to 57°E.<ref>[http://www.n2yo.com/satellites/?c=10&srt=1&dir=1 Geostationary Satellites] Accessed December 27, 2015</ref> In December 2017, moved to 60°E.<ref>[http://www.n2yo.com/satellites/?c=10&srt=1&dir=1 Geostationary Satellites] Accessed December 31, 2017</ref> Started moving west at 0.65°/day in May 2018 to arrive at [[Astra 5°E]] in July 2018.<ref>[http://www.n2yo.com/satellites/?c=34&srt=1&dir=1 Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions] Accessed July 29, 2018</ref> Started moving East at 0.9°/day in January 2020 to arrive at 57.2°E in March 2020.<ref>[http://www.n2yo.com/satellites/?c=34&srt=1&dir=1 Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions] Accessed March 31, 2020</ref> Started moving West in August 2021 to arrive at 23.5°E in November 2021.<ref>[http://www.n2yo.com/satellites/?c=34&srt=1&dir=1 Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions] Accessed 25 November 2021</ref> The satellite was retired on 26 January 2023.<ref name="2Dretire">[https://onfirstup.com/boeing/BNN/articles/the-end-of-an-era-commercial-spinning-spacecraft-retires-1 ''The end of an era: Commercial spinning spacecraft retires''] Boeing. 26 January 2023. Accessed 26 February 2023</ref><ref>[https://www.n2yo.com/satellites/?c=10&srt=1&dir=1 ''Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions''] Accessed 26 February 2023</ref> |
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|- |
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| [[Astra 3A|3A]] |
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| 29 March 2002 |
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| [[Boeing Satellite Development Center|Boeing]] |
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| [[HS-376|HS-376HP]] |
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| [[Ariane 4|Ariane 4L]] |
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| Originally launched to 23.5°E. Moved to 177°W in November 2013, unused and in inclined orbit alongside [[NSS-9]].<ref>[http://www.n2yo.com/?s=27400 Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions - Astra 3A] Accessed February 27, 2014</ref> Then continuously moving East at approximately 1.5°/day,<ref>[http://www.n2yo.com/satellites/?c=34&srt=1&dir=1 Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions] Accessed July 4, 2016</ref> until positioned at 86.5°W in summer 2016.<ref>[http://www.n2yo.com/satellites/?c=34&srt=1&dir=1 Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions] Accessed November 1, 2016</ref> In November 2016, started moving East at approx 0.5°/day until positioned at 47°W in mid-February 2017.<ref>[http://www.n2yo.com/satellites/?c=34&srt=1&dir=1 Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions] Accessed February 28, 2017</ref> In October 2019, Astra 3A started moving West at approx 0.8°/day until returned to 86.5°W in December 2019.<ref>[http://www.n2yo.com/satellites/?c=34&srt=1&dir=1 Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions] Accessed 31 December 2019</ref> Retired to [[graveyard orbit]] in January 2023<ref>[https://www.n2yo.com/satellites/?c=10&srt=1&dir=1 ''Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions''] Accessed 25 February 2023</ref> |
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|- |
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| [[Astra 5A|5A]] |
| [[Astra 5A|5A]] |
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| 12 November 1997 |
| 12 November 1997 |
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== Manufacture and launch == |
== Manufacture and launch == |
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Astra satellites have been designed by [[Boeing Satellite Development Center|Boeing Satellite Systems]] (formerly [[Hughes Aircraft Company|Hughes Space and Communications]]), [[Airbus Defence and Space]] (formerly [[Astrium]]), [[Alcatel-Lucent|Alcatel Space]], |
Astra satellites have been designed by [[Boeing Satellite Development Center|Boeing Satellite Systems]] (formerly [[Hughes Aircraft Company|Hughes Space and Communications]]), [[Airbus Defence and Space]] (formerly [[Astrium]]), [[Alcatel-Lucent|Alcatel Space]], [[Lockheed Martin]] and [[Thales Alenia Space]]. The Astra satellites within a family are not necessarily identical. For example, of the Astra 2 satellites; [[Astra 2A]] and [[Astra 2C]] were BSS [[Boeing 601|601HP]]s, [[Astra 2B]] an [[Eurostar (satellite bus)|Astrium Eurostar E2000+]], [[Astra 2D]] a [[HS-376|BSS 376]] and [[Astra 2E]], [[Astra 2F]] and [[Astra 2G]] are all [[Eurostar (satellite bus)|Eurostar E3000s]]. |
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The satellites have been launched by [[Arianespace]] by [[Ariane (rocket family)|Ariane launch vehicles]] from [[Kourou]], [[French Guiana]], [[International Launch Services]] (ILS) [[Proton (rocket family)|Proton launch vehicles]] from [[Baikonur Cosmodrome|Baikonur]], [[Kazakhstan]], |
The satellites have been launched by [[Arianespace]] by [[Ariane (rocket family)|Ariane launch vehicles]] from [[Kourou]], [[French Guiana]], [[International Launch Services]] (ILS) [[Proton (rocket family)|Proton launch vehicles]] from [[Baikonur Cosmodrome|Baikonur]], [[Kazakhstan]], ILS [[Atlas V|Atlas]] launch vehicles from [[Cape Canaveral Space Force Station|Cape Canaveral]], [[Florida]], [[United States]] and [[SpaceX]] [[Falcon 9 Block 5]] rockets also from [[Cape Canaveral Space Force Station|Cape Canaveral]]. The satellites are launched into an elliptical "temporary transfer orbit" from where they use onboard propulsion to reach their final circular [[geostationary orbit]]s, at nearly {{cvt|36000|km}} altitude. Proton launch vehicles fitted with a fourth stage propulsion unit are capable of launching the satellites several thousand kilometres higher (at the closest point of the elliptical orbit) than Ariane launch vehicles, and so most satellites launched in this way use less fuel to reach their geostationary orbit. More recent Astra satellites are built with an [[Spacecraft electric propulsion|all-electric propulsion system]] for orbit raising and in-orbit manoeuvres to save weight. |
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=== Sirius and Astra 4A === |
=== Sirius and Astra 4A === |
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The [[Sirius (satellite)|Sirius]] series of satellites (not connected with the North American [[Sirius Satellite Radio]] service) was started in 1993 with the purchase of the [[British Satellite Broadcasting |BSB]] [[Sirius (satellite)|Marcopolo 1]] satellite (renamed Sirius 1) by [[SES Sirius|Nordic Satellite AB]] (NSAB) for [[Satellite television|direct to home]] broadcasts to the Nordic and [[Baltic region]]s from the 5°East [[Earth's orbit|orbital position]]. Subsequent satellites launched to this location include [[Astra 5A|Sirius 2]] (1997), [[Sirius (satellite)|Sirius 3]] (1998) and [[Sirius (satellite)|Sirius 4]] (2007) and the position's coverage has been expanded to include [[Eastern Europe]] and [[Africa]]. |
The [[Sirius (satellite)|Sirius]] series of satellites (not connected with the North American [[Sirius Satellite Radio]] service) was started in 1993 with the purchase of the [[British Satellite Broadcasting |BSB]] [[Sirius (satellite)|Marcopolo 1]] satellite (renamed Sirius 1) by [[SES Sirius|Nordic Satellite AB]] (NSAB) for [[Satellite television|direct to home]] broadcasts to the Nordic and [[Baltic region]]s from the 5°East [[Earth's orbit|orbital position]]. Subsequent satellites launched to this location include [[Astra 5A|Sirius 2]] (1997), [[Sirius (satellite)|Sirius 3]] (1998) and [[Sirius (satellite)|Sirius 4]] (2007) and the position's coverage has been expanded to include [[Eastern Europe]] and [[Africa]]. |
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In 2000, SES (then [[SES Astra]]) bought the 50% shareholding in NSAB owned by [[Teracom]] and [[TDC A/S|Tele Danmark]] and in 2003 increased that holding to 75%, renaming the company SES Sirius AB. In 2008, Astra acquired further shares to take its shareholding in SES Sirius to 90% and in March 2010 took full control of the company.<ref>{{cite press release|publisher=SES Astra|date=March 5, 2010 |url=http://www.ses.com/4233325/news/2010/4487003|title=SES ASTRA TAKES FULL OWNERSHIP OF SES SIRIUS|access-date=January 26, 2012}}</ref> In June 2010, the affiliate company was renamed [[SES Astra]] and the [[Sirius (satellite)|Sirius 4]] satellite renamed [[Astra 4A]].<ref>{{cite press release|publisher=SES Astra|date=June 22, 2010|url=http://www.ses.com/4233325/news/2010/4489346|title=SES SIRIUS BECOMES SES ASTRA|access-date=January 26, 2012}}</ref> |
In 2000, [[SES (company)|SES]] (then [[SES Astra]]) bought the 50% shareholding in NSAB owned by [[Teracom]] and [[TDC A/S|Tele Danmark]] and in 2003 increased that holding to 75%, renaming the company SES Sirius AB. In 2008, Astra acquired further shares to take its shareholding in SES Sirius to 90% and in March 2010 took full control of the company.<ref>{{cite press release|publisher=SES Astra|date=March 5, 2010 |url=http://www.ses.com/4233325/news/2010/4487003|title=SES ASTRA TAKES FULL OWNERSHIP OF SES SIRIUS|access-date=January 26, 2012}}</ref> In June 2010, the affiliate company was renamed [[SES Astra]] and the [[Sirius (satellite)|Sirius 4]] satellite renamed [[Astra 4A]].<ref>{{cite press release|publisher=SES Astra|date=June 22, 2010|url=http://www.ses.com/4233325/news/2010/4489346|title=SES SIRIUS BECOMES SES ASTRA|access-date=January 26, 2012}}</ref> |
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The [[Astra 4A]] designation was originally given in 2005 to part of the [[List of SES satellites|NSS-10]] craft (33 transponders) owned by another subsidiary of SES, [[SES New Skies]], and positioned at 37.5°W for broadcast, data, and telecommunications into Africa,<ref>{{cite press release|publisher=SES ASTRA|date=February 17, 2006|url=http://www.ses.com/4233325/news/2006/4445997|title=SES Global Africa completes first successful year in African business|access-date=January 26, 2012}}</ref> and in 2007 to part of the [[Sirius (satellite)|Sirius 4]] satellite (six transponders of the FSS Africa beam) owned and operated by [[SES Sirius]]. From June 2010, the Astra 4A designation has applied to the entire satellite previously known as Sirius 4. |
The [[Astra 4A]] designation was originally given in 2005 to part of the [[List of SES satellites|NSS-10]] craft (33 transponders) owned by another subsidiary of [[SES (company)|SES]], [[SES New Skies]], and positioned at 37.5°W for broadcast, data, and telecommunications into Africa,<ref>{{cite press release|publisher=SES ASTRA|date=February 17, 2006|url=http://www.ses.com/4233325/news/2006/4445997|title=SES Global Africa completes first successful year in African business|access-date=January 26, 2012}}</ref> and in 2007 to part of the [[Sirius (satellite)|Sirius 4]] satellite (six transponders of the FSS Africa beam) owned and operated by [[SES Sirius]]. From June 2010, the Astra 4A designation has applied to the entire satellite previously known as Sirius 4. |
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=== Failures === |
=== Failures === |
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[[Astra 1K]], the largest commercial communications satellite ever built at the time, was ordered by SES in 1997. It was launched by Proton rocket on 26 November 2002. The launch vehicle lifted off as planned and reached its [[parking orbit]] at which point the final stage of the launch vehicle was to initiate a second burn to transfer the satellite to its geostationary orbit. This did not occur and the satellite was released into the parking orbit, making it unusable. The only way to recover the satellite would have been the use of a [[Space Shuttle]], however this was rejected. On 10 December 2002, SES instructed [[Thales Alenia Space|Alcatel Space]] (the manufacturer) and the French Space Agency [[CNES]] to deorbit the satellite, it broke up on [[Atmospheric entry|re-entry]] over the [[Pacific Ocean]]. |
[[Astra 1K]], the largest commercial communications satellite ever built at the time, was ordered by [[SES (company)|SES]] in 1997. It was launched by Proton rocket on 26 November 2002. The launch vehicle lifted off as planned and reached its [[parking orbit]] at which point the final stage of the launch vehicle was to initiate a second burn to transfer the satellite to its geostationary orbit. This did not occur and the satellite was released into the parking orbit, making it unusable. The only way to recover the satellite would have been the use of a [[Space Shuttle]], however this was rejected. On 10 December 2002, [[SES (company)|SES]] instructed [[Thales Alenia Space|Alcatel Space]] (the manufacturer) and the French Space Agency [[CNES]] to deorbit the satellite, it broke up on [[Atmospheric entry|re-entry]] over the [[Pacific Ocean]]. |
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On 16 January 2009, [[Astra 5A]] at [[Astra 31.5°E]] "experienced a technical anomaly leading to the end of the spacecraft's mission",<ref>{{cite press release|publisher=SES ASTRA|date=January 16, 2009|url=http://www.ses.com/4233325/news/2009/4468235|title=SES ASTRA Announces End Of ASTRA 5A Spacecraft Mission|access-date=January 26, 2012}}</ref> some four years ahead of the spacecraft's expected end of life. Traffic carried by the satellite (especially channels for German cable service, [[Kabel Deutschland]]) was transferred to [[Astra 23.5°E]]. In March 2009, SES (then [[SES Astra]]) announced that in April, the [[Astra 2C]] satellite was to be moved from the [[Astra 28.2°E]] position to 31.5°E to temporarily take over Astra 5A's mission until [[Astra 3B]] is launched to [[Astra 23.5°E]], when another craft currently there can be released to 31.5°E.<ref>{{cite press release|publisher=SES Astra|date=March 10, 2009|url=http://www.ses.com/4233325/news/2009/4469428|title=SES To Move ASTRA 2C Satellite To 31.5° East To Support Development Of New Orbital Position|access-date=January 26, 2012}}</ref> The move of [[Astra 2C]] was started in May 2009 and completed on 11 May 2009,<ref>[http://www.lyngsat.com/headlines.html ''Astra 2C arrived at 31.5 East''] LyngSat. Retrieved June 1, 2009</ref> with the first transponders coming into use at the new position in the subsequent two weeks. |
On 16 January 2009, [[Astra 5A]] at [[Astra 31.5°E]] "experienced a technical anomaly leading to the end of the spacecraft's mission",<ref>{{cite press release|publisher=SES ASTRA|date=January 16, 2009|url=http://www.ses.com/4233325/news/2009/4468235|title=SES ASTRA Announces End Of ASTRA 5A Spacecraft Mission|access-date=January 26, 2012}}</ref> some four years ahead of the spacecraft's expected end of life. Traffic carried by the satellite (especially channels for German cable service, [[Kabel Deutschland]]) was transferred to [[Astra 23.5°E]]. In March 2009, [[SES (company)|SES]] (then [[SES Astra]]) announced that in April, the [[Astra 2C]] satellite was to be moved from the [[Astra 28.2°E]] position to 31.5°E to temporarily take over Astra 5A's mission until [[Astra 3B]] is launched to [[Astra 23.5°E]], when another craft currently there can be released to 31.5°E.<ref>{{cite press release|publisher=SES Astra|date=March 10, 2009|url=http://www.ses.com/4233325/news/2009/4469428|title=SES To Move ASTRA 2C Satellite To 31.5° East To Support Development Of New Orbital Position|access-date=January 26, 2012}}</ref> The move of [[Astra 2C]] was started in May 2009 and completed on 11 May 2009,<ref>[http://www.lyngsat.com/headlines.html ''Astra 2C arrived at 31.5 East''] LyngSat. Retrieved June 1, 2009</ref> with the first transponders coming into use at the new position in the subsequent two weeks. |
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== Broadcasting statistics == |
== Broadcasting statistics == |
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At the end of 2021, Astra satellite broadcasts were received in 170 million households in Europe.<ref>{{cite press release|publisher=SES|date=5 April 2022 |url=https://www.ses.com/press-release/satellite-monitor-annual-research-shows-ses-increase-reach-366-million-tv-homes|title=Satellite Monitor Annual Research Shows SES Increase Reach to 366 Million TV Homes Worldwide|access-date=29 April 2022}}</ref> In Germany, the largest market for Astra broadcasts, 17 million households receive TV via satellite (15.93 million receiving satellite channels in HD) out of 37.22 million TV households (33.76 million HD TV households) in the country with take-up of other TV delivery methods as follows:<ref>[https://de.astra.ses/astra-tv-monitor-2021-satellit-versorgt-die-meisten-tv-haushalte-deutschland ''ASTRA TV monitor 2021: Satellite supplies most TV households in Germany''] SES. 26 April 2022. Accessed 29 April 2022</ref> |
At the end of 2021, Astra satellite broadcasts were received in 170 million households in Europe.<ref>{{cite press release|publisher=SES|date=5 April 2022 |url=https://www.ses.com/press-release/satellite-monitor-annual-research-shows-ses-increase-reach-366-million-tv-homes|title=Satellite Monitor Annual Research Shows SES Increase Reach to 366 Million TV Homes Worldwide|access-date=29 April 2022}}</ref> In Germany, the largest market for Astra broadcasts, 17 million households receive TV via satellite (15.93 million receiving satellite channels in HD) out of 37.22 million TV households (33.76 million HD TV households) in the country with take-up of other TV delivery methods as follows:<ref>[https://de.astra.ses/astra-tv-monitor-2021-satellit-versorgt-die-meisten-tv-haushalte-deutschland ''ASTRA TV monitor 2021: Satellite supplies most TV households in Germany''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004155913/https://de.astra.ses/astra-tv-monitor-2021-satellit-versorgt-die-meisten-tv-haushalte-deutschland |date=4 October 2022 }} SES. 26 April 2022. Accessed 29 April 2022</ref> |
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{| class="wikitable" |
{| class="wikitable" |
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* [[SES Broadband]] |
* [[SES Broadband]] |
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* [[MX1 Ltd|MX1]] |
* [[MX1 Ltd|MX1]] |
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* [[SES |
* [[SES (company)|SES]] (operator) |
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* [[SES Sirius]] |
* [[SES Sirius]] |
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{{SES World Skies}} |
{{SES World Skies}} |
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[[Category:SES |
[[Category:SES (company)]] |
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[[Category:Telecommunications companies of Luxembourg]] |
[[Category:Telecommunications companies of Luxembourg]] |
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[[Category:Direct broadcast satellite services]] |
[[Category:Direct broadcast satellite services]] |
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Latest revision as of 12:23, 28 August 2024
Astra is the brand name for a number of geostationary communication satellites, both individually and as a group, which are owned and operated by SES, a global satellite operator based in Betzdorf, in eastern Luxembourg. The name is also used to describe the pan-European broadcasting system provided by these satellites, the channels carried on them, and even the reception equipment.
At the time of the launch of the first Astra satellite, Astra 1A in 1988, the satellite's operator was known as Société Européenne des Satellites ("European Satellite Company"). In 2001 SES Astra, a newly formed subsidiary of SES, operated the Astra satellites and in September 2011, SES Astra was consolidated back into the parent company, which by this time also operated other satellite families such as AMC, and NSS.[1][2]
Astra satellites broadcast 2,600 digital television channels (675 in high definition) via five main satellite orbital positions to households across Asia, Australia, Africa, Americas, Europe, New Zealand, Middle East and North Africa.[3] The satellites have been instrumental in the establishment of satellite TV and the introduction of digital TV, HDTV, 3D TV, and Hybrid Broadcast Broadband TV (HbbTV) in Europe.
A book, High Above, telling the story of the creation and development of the Astra satellites and their contribution to developments in the European TV and media industry, was published in April 2010 to mark the 25th anniversary of SES.
Satellites
[edit]There are 11 fully-operational Astra satellites and another 2 as backup/reserve, the majority in four orbital locations - Astra 19.2°E, Astra 28.2°E, Astra 23.5°E, Astra 5°E. Astra's principle of "co-location" (several satellites are maintained close to each other, all within a cube with a size of 150 km (93 mi).[4]) increases flexibility and redundancy.
| Satellite | Launch Date | Manufacturer | Model | Launch vehicle | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Astra 19.2°E | 147 transponders broadcasting to 118.4 million households[5] | ||||
| 1KR | 20 April 2006 | Lockheed Martin | A2100 | Atlas V (411) | Launched after the failure of Astra 1K. Broadcast 17 transponders. |
| 1L | 4 May 2007 | Lockheed Martin | A2100 | Ariane 5 ECA | Replacement for Astra 1E/Astra 2C; Ku-band and Ka-band. Broadcast 23 transponders and 2 transponder on Ka-band. |
| 1M | 6 November 2008 | Astrium (now Airbus D&S) | Eurostar E3000 | Proton-M | Replacement for Astra 1G and backup at 19.2°E. Started commercial service 20 January 2009.[6] Broadcast 24 transponders. |
| 1N | 6 August 2011 | Astrium (now Airbus D&S) | Eurostar E3000 | Ariane 5 ECA | Started commercial service 24 October 2011.[7] Broadcast 27 transponders. |
| 1P | 20 June 2024 | Thales Alenia Space | Spacebus NEO 200 | Falcon 9 Block 5 | en route to orbital position. Also known as SES-24. |
| 1Q | 2026 | Thales Alenia Space | Spacebus NEO 200 | Falcon 9 Block 5 | Planned |
| Astra 28.2°E | 305 transponders broadcasting to 419 million households[8] | ||||
| 2E | 30 September 2013[9] | Astrium (now Airbus D&S) | Eurostar E3000 | Proton Breeze M | Started commercial service on 1 February 2014.[10] Broadcast 15 transponders on UK spot beam and 8 transponders on European beam. |
| 2F | 28 September 2012[11] | Astrium (now Airbus D&S) | Eurostar E3000 | Ariane 5 ECA | Rolling capacity replacement at 28.2°E.[12] and provision of Ku-band DTH in West Africa and Ka-band in Western Europe[13] Started commercial service on 21 November 2012.[14] Broadcast 6 transponders on UK spot beam, 8 transponders on European beam and 9 transponders on West Africa spot beam. |
| 2G | 27 December 2014[15] | Airbus D&S | Eurostar E3000 | Proton Breeze M | Rolling capacity replacement at 28.2°E.[12] Tested at 21.0°E and 43.5°E before moving to 28.2°E in June 2015.[16] Started commercial service on 1 June 2015. Broadcast 5 transponders on UK spot beam, 20 transponders on European beam and 2 transponder on West Africa spot beam. |
| Astra 23.5°E | 64 transponders broadcasting to 415 million households[17] | ||||
| 3B | 21 May 2010 | Astrium (now Airbus D&S) | Eurostar E3000 | Ariane 5 ECA | Launch delayed for nearly two months due to launcher problems.[18] Broadcast 28 transponders. |
| 3C (was 5B) |
22 March 2014[19] | Airbus D&S | Eurostar E3000 | Ariane 5 ECA | Launched as Astra 5B to add new capacity and replace existing craft at 31.5°E.[12] Entered commercial service on 2 June 2014.[19] In July 2023, moved to 23.5° East[20] and renamed Astra 3C.[21][22] Broadcast 3 transponders. |
| Astra 5°E | 121 transponders broadcasting to 51.5 million households[23] | ||||
| 4A | 18 November 2007 | Lockheed Martin | A2100AX | Proton-M | Originally called Sirius 4. |
| 4B (now SES-5) | 10 July 2012 | Space Systems/Loral | LS-1300 | Proton-M | Originally Sirius 5, renamed to Astra 4B in 2010 and to SES-5 in 2011. Provides global C-band capacity and Ku-band for Sub-Saharan Africa and Nordic regions. |
| NOT IN REGULAR USE | |||||
| 2A | 30 August 1998 | Hughes | HS-601HP | Proton | Positioned at 57.2°E. Originally launched to 28.2°E. Inactive at 28.2°E from March 2015. Moved to 113.5°E in summer 2016.[24] and to 100°E in August 2018.[25] In May 2020, Astra 2A started moving west at approx 0.8°/day.[26] In autumn 2020, it was positioned back at 28.2°E.[27] Moved to 57.2°E in 2022[28] |
| No longer operational | |||||
| 1A | 11 December 1988 | GE AstroSpace | GE-4000 | Ariane 44LP | The first Astra satellite. Now retired in graveyard orbit. |
| 1B | 2 March 1991 | GE AstroSpace | GE-5000 | Ariane 44LP | Acquired from GE Americom (Satcom K3). Now retired in graveyard orbit. |
| 1C | 12 May 1993 | Hughes | HS-601 | Ariane 42L | Originally launched to 19.2°E. Used at 5°E. Unused and in inclined orbit at 72°W in summer 2014,[29] 1.2°W in September 2014,[30] 40°W in November 2014.[31] From February 2015, continuously moving West at approx. 5.2°/day.[32] |
| 1D | 1 November 1994 | Hughes | HS-601 | Ariane 42P | Originally at 19.2°E. Used at 28.2°E, 23.5°E, 31.5°E, 1.8°E and 52.2°E. Started moving west in February 2014 to arrive at 67.5°W in June 2014.[29] In summer 2015 moved to 47.2°W, near NSS-806.[33] In 2017, moved to 73°W.[34] From November 2021, continuously moving West at approx 4.8°/day.[35] |
| 1E | 19 October 1995 | Hughes | HS-601 | Ariane 42L | Originally at 19.2°E. Used at 23.5°E pending launch of Astra 3B. Used at 5°E in September 2010, pending launch of Astra 4B/SES-4, then moved April 2012 to 108.2°E where, as of November 2013, in inclined orbit.[36] Moved in February 2014 to 31.5°E pending launch of Astra 5B.[37] Returned to 23.5°E in February 2015. From June 2015, continuously moving West at approx 5.4°/day.[32] |
| 1F | 8 April 1996 | Hughes | HS-601 | Proton-K | Originally launched to 19.2°E. Moved in August 2009 to 51°E. Moved in May 2010 to 55°E. Moved in March 2015 to 44.5°E.[38] From November 2020, continuously moving west at approx. 4.2°/day.[39] |
| 1G | 2 December 1997 | Hughes | HS-601HP | Proton-K | Originally launched to 19.2°E. Moved to 23.5°E in February 2009 following launch of Astra 1M. Then to 31.5°E in July 2010, following launch of Astra 3B. Moved east in summer 2014 to 60°E, then to 63°E in November 2016,[40] to 51°E in August 2017,[41] to 57°E in August 2018.[42] and back to 63°E in August 2019.[43] Moved back to 19.2°E in February 2021.[44] Retired to graveyard orbit in June 2023.[45] |
| 1H | 18 June 1999 | Hughes | HS-601HP | Proton | Originally launched to 19.2°E. Moved in June 2013 to 52.2°E,[46] to establish SES' commercialisation of the MonacoSat position.[47] Returned in 2014 to 19.2°E.[48] Started moving west in May 2014 arriving at 67.5°W in mid-August 2014.[49] Moved in May 2015 to 47.5°W,[50] in September 2016 to 55.2° E,[51] in January 2017 to 43.5° E,[52] in February 2018 to 67°W[34] and in October 2018 to 81°W.[53] In January 2019, Astra 1H was returned to 67°W.[54] From October 2019, continuously moving West at approx. 4.8°/day.[55] |
| 1K | 26 November 2002 | Alcatel Space | Spacebus 3000B3S | Proton | Launched to 19.2°E but failed to reach geostationary orbit, and intentionally deorbited on 10 December 2002. |
| 2B | 14 September 2000 | Astrium (now Airbus D&S) | Eurostar E2000+ | Ariane 5G | Originally launched to 28.2°E. Relocated to 19.2°E in February 2013,[56] following launch of Astra 2F to 28.2°E. Moved to 31.5°E in February 2014. Returned to 19.2°E as backup in December 2016.[57] Started moving west in June 2017 to arrive alongside NSS-7 at 20°W in August 2017.[58] Started moving East in April 2018 to arrive at Astra 19.2°E in July 2018.[59] From June 2021, continuously moving west at approx. 4.9°/day.[60] |
| 2C | 16 June 2001 | Hughes | HS-601HP | Proton | Initially deployed at 19.2°E pending launch of Astra 1L, then at originally intended position of 28.2°E. Moved to 31.5°E in May 2009) to temporarily replace the failed Astra 5A, then back to 19.2°E in September 2010. Returned to 28.2°E in April 2014 and then in August 2015 moved to 60.5°E.[61] In April 2018, it moved west arriving at 23.5°E in May 2018.[62] Moved to 72.5°W in 2021.[63] From June 2024, moving west at approx. 4.5°/day.[64] |
| 2D | 19 December 2000 | Hughes | HS-376HP | Ariane 5G | Originally launched to 28.2°E. Ceased regular use in February 2013 and positioned, inactive, at 28.0°E[65] until June 2015. Then moved West to be stationed at Astra 5°E in July 2015.[66] In October 2015, moved to 57°E.[67] In December 2017, moved to 60°E.[68] Started moving west at 0.65°/day in May 2018 to arrive at Astra 5°E in July 2018.[69] Started moving East at 0.9°/day in January 2020 to arrive at 57.2°E in March 2020.[70] Started moving West in August 2021 to arrive at 23.5°E in November 2021.[71] The satellite was retired on 26 January 2023.[72][73] |
| 3A | 29 March 2002 | Boeing | HS-376HP | Ariane 4L | Originally launched to 23.5°E. Moved to 177°W in November 2013, unused and in inclined orbit alongside NSS-9.[74] Then continuously moving East at approximately 1.5°/day,[75] until positioned at 86.5°W in summer 2016.[76] In November 2016, started moving East at approx 0.5°/day until positioned at 47°W in mid-February 2017.[77] In October 2019, Astra 3A started moving West at approx 0.8°/day until returned to 86.5°W in December 2019.[78] Retired to graveyard orbit in January 2023[79] |
| 5A | 12 November 1997 | Alcatel Space | Spacebus 3000B2 | Ariane 44L | Formerly known as Sirius 2. Moved to 31.5°E and renamed Astra 5A on 29 April 2008. Failed in-orbit on 16 January 2009. |
Manufacture and launch
[edit]Astra satellites have been designed by Boeing Satellite Systems (formerly Hughes Space and Communications), Airbus Defence and Space (formerly Astrium), Alcatel Space, Lockheed Martin and Thales Alenia Space. The Astra satellites within a family are not necessarily identical. For example, of the Astra 2 satellites; Astra 2A and Astra 2C were BSS 601HPs, Astra 2B an Astrium Eurostar E2000+, Astra 2D a BSS 376 and Astra 2E, Astra 2F and Astra 2G are all Eurostar E3000s.
The satellites have been launched by Arianespace by Ariane launch vehicles from Kourou, French Guiana, International Launch Services (ILS) Proton launch vehicles from Baikonur, Kazakhstan, ILS Atlas launch vehicles from Cape Canaveral, Florida, United States and SpaceX Falcon 9 Block 5 rockets also from Cape Canaveral. The satellites are launched into an elliptical "temporary transfer orbit" from where they use onboard propulsion to reach their final circular geostationary orbits, at nearly 36,000 km (22,000 mi) altitude. Proton launch vehicles fitted with a fourth stage propulsion unit are capable of launching the satellites several thousand kilometres higher (at the closest point of the elliptical orbit) than Ariane launch vehicles, and so most satellites launched in this way use less fuel to reach their geostationary orbit. More recent Astra satellites are built with an all-electric propulsion system for orbit raising and in-orbit manoeuvres to save weight.
Sirius and Astra 4A
[edit]The Sirius series of satellites (not connected with the North American Sirius Satellite Radio service) was started in 1993 with the purchase of the BSB Marcopolo 1 satellite (renamed Sirius 1) by Nordic Satellite AB (NSAB) for direct to home broadcasts to the Nordic and Baltic regions from the 5°East orbital position. Subsequent satellites launched to this location include Sirius 2 (1997), Sirius 3 (1998) and Sirius 4 (2007) and the position's coverage has been expanded to include Eastern Europe and Africa.
In 2000, SES (then SES Astra) bought the 50% shareholding in NSAB owned by Teracom and Tele Danmark and in 2003 increased that holding to 75%, renaming the company SES Sirius AB. In 2008, Astra acquired further shares to take its shareholding in SES Sirius to 90% and in March 2010 took full control of the company.[80] In June 2010, the affiliate company was renamed SES Astra and the Sirius 4 satellite renamed Astra 4A.[81]
The Astra 4A designation was originally given in 2005 to part of the NSS-10 craft (33 transponders) owned by another subsidiary of SES, SES New Skies, and positioned at 37.5°W for broadcast, data, and telecommunications into Africa,[82] and in 2007 to part of the Sirius 4 satellite (six transponders of the FSS Africa beam) owned and operated by SES Sirius. From June 2010, the Astra 4A designation has applied to the entire satellite previously known as Sirius 4.
Failures
[edit]Astra 1K, the largest commercial communications satellite ever built at the time, was ordered by SES in 1997. It was launched by Proton rocket on 26 November 2002. The launch vehicle lifted off as planned and reached its parking orbit at which point the final stage of the launch vehicle was to initiate a second burn to transfer the satellite to its geostationary orbit. This did not occur and the satellite was released into the parking orbit, making it unusable. The only way to recover the satellite would have been the use of a Space Shuttle, however this was rejected. On 10 December 2002, SES instructed Alcatel Space (the manufacturer) and the French Space Agency CNES to deorbit the satellite, it broke up on re-entry over the Pacific Ocean.
On 16 January 2009, Astra 5A at Astra 31.5°E "experienced a technical anomaly leading to the end of the spacecraft's mission",[83] some four years ahead of the spacecraft's expected end of life. Traffic carried by the satellite (especially channels for German cable service, Kabel Deutschland) was transferred to Astra 23.5°E. In March 2009, SES (then SES Astra) announced that in April, the Astra 2C satellite was to be moved from the Astra 28.2°E position to 31.5°E to temporarily take over Astra 5A's mission until Astra 3B is launched to Astra 23.5°E, when another craft currently there can be released to 31.5°E.[84] The move of Astra 2C was started in May 2009 and completed on 11 May 2009,[85] with the first transponders coming into use at the new position in the subsequent two weeks.
Broadcasting statistics
[edit]At the end of 2021, Astra satellite broadcasts were received in 170 million households in Europe.[86] In Germany, the largest market for Astra broadcasts, 17 million households receive TV via satellite (15.93 million receiving satellite channels in HD) out of 37.22 million TV households (33.76 million HD TV households) in the country with take-up of other TV delivery methods as follows:[87]
| Delivery method | TV Households | HD TV households |
|---|---|---|
| Satellite | 17.00 million | 15.93 million |
| Cable | 15.58 million | 13.24 million |
| IPTV | 3.31 million | 3.26 million |
| Terrestrial | 1.33 million |
See also
[edit]
- Astra Digital Radio
- High Above (book)
- HD+
- List of broadcast satellites
- SES Broadband
- MX1
- SES (operator)
- SES Sirius
References
[edit]- ^ "New logo and brand identity presented at IBC in Amsterdam" (Press release). SES. 9 September 2011. Archived from the original on 26 September 2011.
- ^ SES Operates Under New Management Structure Space Daily. May 3, 2011. Accessed July 27, 2017
- ^ Veronica Magan SES TV Channels Grow by 11.3% in 2015 Satellite Today January 13, 2016. Accessed December 1, 2016
- ^ Bains, Geoff "The Failsafe Family" What Satellite & Digital TV April, 2012, p. 29
- ^ 19.2°E ses.com. Accessed 30 May 2023
- ^ "New ASTRA 1M Satellite Ready For Operation" (Press release). SES ASTRA. 20 January 2009. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
- ^ "New SES Satellite ASTRA 1N Operational" (Press release). SES. 24 October 2011.
- ^ 28.2°E ses.com. Accessed 30 May 2023
- ^ "ASTRA 2E successfully launched" (Press release). SES. 30 September 2013. Retrieved 30 September 2013.
- ^ "SES' ASTRA 2E SATELLITE STARTS OPERATIONS" (Press release). SES. 31 January 2014. Retrieved 1 February 2014.
- ^ "SES SUCCESSFULLY LAUNCHES ASTRA 2F SATELLITE" (Press release). SES. 1 October 2012. Retrieved 20 May 2016.
- ^ a b c "SES Orders Four New Satellites From ASTRIUM" (Press release). SES ASTRA. 30 November 2009. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
- ^ ASTRA 2F arrives at the Guiana Space Centre, Kourou August 23, 2012 SES blog. Accessed August 26, 2012
- ^ "SES' ASTRA 2F SATELLITE STARTS OPERATIONS" (Press release). SES. 21 November 2012. Retrieved 27 December 2012.
- ^ "ASTRA 2G SATELLITE ROARS INTO ORBIT" (Press release). SES. 28 December 2014. Retrieved 1 January 2015.
- ^ http://www.satellite-calculations.com/ accessed June 28, 2015
- ^ 23.5°E ses.com. Accessed 30 May 2023
- ^ "ASTRA 3B SATELLITE SUCCESSFULLY LAUNCHED" (Press release). SES ASTRA. 22 May 2010. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
- ^ a b "SES: ASTRA 5B SATELLITE GOES LIVE AT 31.5° EAST" (Press release). SES. 2 June 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2014.
- ^ ASTRA 5B N2YO.com. Accessed 26 September 2023
- ^ SES Fleet Map SES. Accessed 25 December 2023
- ^ Astra 5B as Astra 3C broadcasts the first programmes for Skylink (Czech) Parabola.cz 1 December 2023. Accessed 25 December 2023
- ^ 5°E ses.com. Accessed 30 May 2023
- ^ Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions Accessed 30 October 2016
- ^ REAL TIME SATELLITE TRACKING AND PREDICTIONS Accessed August 21, 2018
- ^ REAL TIME SATELLITE TRACKING AND PREDICTIONS Accessed May 30, 2020
- ^ REAL TIME SATELLITE TRACKING AND PREDICTIONS Accessed December 31, 2020
- ^ REAL TIME SATELLITE TRACKING AND PREDICTIONS Accessed 23 August 2022
- ^ a b Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions Accessed August 2, 2014
- ^ Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions Accessed September 30, 2014
- ^ Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions Accessed November 30, 2014
- ^ a b Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions Accessed February 27, 2017
- ^ Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions Accessed October 26, 2015
- ^ a b Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions Accessed February 26, 2018
- ^ Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions Accessed 24 November 2021
- ^ Astra 1E in SES fleet information Archived 2014-02-13 at the Wayback Machine Accessed November 29, 2013
- ^ Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions - Astra 1E Accessed February 27, 2014
- ^ Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions Accessed March 27, 2015
- ^ Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions Accessed January 1, 2021
- ^ REAL TIME SATELLITE TRACKING AND PREDICTIONS Accessed November 30, 2016
- ^ REAL TIME SATELLITE TRACKING AND PREDICTIONS Accessed August 29, 2017
- ^ REAL TIME SATELLITE TRACKING AND PREDICTIONS Accessed August 20, 2018
- ^ REAL TIME SATELLITE TRACKING AND PREDICTIONS Accessed September 30, 2019
- ^ Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions Accessed March 20, 2021
- ^ Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions Accessed 29 June 26 2023
- ^ Astra 1H in SES website Archived 2013-10-04 at the Wayback Machine Accessed September 30, 2013
- ^ "SES AND SSI-MONACO SIGN MONACOSAT COLLABORATION AGREEMENT". SES. Archived from the original on 1 October 2013. Retrieved 30 September 2013.
- ^ Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions - Astra 1H Accessed February 27, 2014
- ^ Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions Accessed August 27, 2014
- ^ Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions Accessed July 17, 2014
- ^ Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions Accessed October 31, 2016
- ^ Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions Accessed January 30, 2017
- ^ Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions Accessed October 14, 2018
- ^ Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions Accessed February 28, 2019
- ^ Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions Accessed October 27, 2019
- ^ Astra 2B in lyngsat.com SatTracker Accessed February 15, 2013
- ^ Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions Accessed December 29, 2016
- ^ Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions Accessed August 28, 2017
- ^ Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions Accessed July 27, 2018
- ^ Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions Accessed June 26, 2021
- ^ Astra 2C at 60.5°E Lyngsat Accessed September 27, 2015
- ^ Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions Accessed May 27, 2018
- ^ Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions Accessed August 21, 2021
- ^ Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions Accessed 25 June 2024
- ^ Astra 2D in SES fleet information Archived 2014-02-13 at the Wayback Machine Accessed July 26, 2013
- ^ Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions Accessed July 22, 2015
- ^ Geostationary Satellites Accessed December 27, 2015
- ^ Geostationary Satellites Accessed December 31, 2017
- ^ Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions Accessed July 29, 2018
- ^ Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions Accessed March 31, 2020
- ^ Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions Accessed 25 November 2021
- ^ The end of an era: Commercial spinning spacecraft retires Boeing. 26 January 2023. Accessed 26 February 2023
- ^ Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions Accessed 26 February 2023
- ^ Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions - Astra 3A Accessed February 27, 2014
- ^ Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions Accessed July 4, 2016
- ^ Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions Accessed November 1, 2016
- ^ Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions Accessed February 28, 2017
- ^ Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions Accessed 31 December 2019
- ^ Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions Accessed 25 February 2023
- ^ "SES ASTRA TAKES FULL OWNERSHIP OF SES SIRIUS" (Press release). SES Astra. 5 March 2010. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
- ^ "SES SIRIUS BECOMES SES ASTRA" (Press release). SES Astra. 22 June 2010. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
- ^ "SES Global Africa completes first successful year in African business" (Press release). SES ASTRA. 17 February 2006. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
- ^ "SES ASTRA Announces End Of ASTRA 5A Spacecraft Mission" (Press release). SES ASTRA. 16 January 2009. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
- ^ "SES To Move ASTRA 2C Satellite To 31.5° East To Support Development Of New Orbital Position" (Press release). SES Astra. 10 March 2009. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
- ^ Astra 2C arrived at 31.5 East LyngSat. Retrieved June 1, 2009
- ^ "Satellite Monitor Annual Research Shows SES Increase Reach to 366 Million TV Homes Worldwide" (Press release). SES. 5 April 2022. Retrieved 29 April 2022.
- ^ ASTRA TV monitor 2021: Satellite supplies most TV households in Germany Archived 4 October 2022 at the Wayback Machine SES. 26 April 2022. Accessed 29 April 2022
External links
[edit]- SES fleet information and map
- Official SES site
- SES first maritime Ka-band service
- Lyngsat frequency/channel list
- Astra 1M Ku-band Wide Beam footprint(s) at SatBeams
- Astra 1M Ku-band Europe Beam footprint(s) at SatBeams
- Astra 1L Ku-band FSS Beam footprint(s) at SatBeams
- Astra 1KR Ku-band Europe Beam footprint(s) at SatBeams
- Astra analogue satellite Promo Video clips - Orbitalzone.Com
- SES Broadband website
- SES Techcom Services - Official site