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==A== |
==A== |
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* [[Anarcho-punk]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Low |first1=Chris |title=Now That's What I Call Anarcho-Punk! Vol. 1 |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/644dw6/now-thats-what-i-call-anarcho-punk-vol-1 |website=[[Vice Media]] |access-date=1 August 2024}}</ref> |
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* [[Africanfuturism]] |
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* [[Afrofuturism]] |
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* [[Anarcho-punk]] |
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==B== |
==B== |
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* [[Ball culture]]<ref name="Hughes-2001">{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/collectedworksof0008hugh_h87ra |url-access=registration |page=[https://archive.org/details/collectedworksof0008hugh_h87ra/page/208 208] |title=The Collected Works of Langston Hughes |last=Hughes |first=Langston |date=2001 |publisher=[[University of Missouri Press]] |isbn=978-0-8262-1410-2 |oclc=45500326 |access-date=4 December 2019}}</ref> |
* [[Ball culture]]<ref name="Hughes-2001">{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/collectedworksof0008hugh_h87ra |url-access=registration |page=[https://archive.org/details/collectedworksof0008hugh_h87ra/page/208 208] |title=The Collected Works of Langston Hughes |last=Hughes |first=Langston |date=2001 |publisher=[[University of Missouri Press]] |isbn=978-0-8262-1410-2 |oclc=45500326 |access-date=4 December 2019}}</ref> |
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* [[Breakdancing|B-boys and b-girls]]<ref>{{cite web |title=B-boys – Subcultures and Sociology |url=https://haenfler.sites.grinnell.edu/b-boys/ |website=[[Grinnell College]] |access-date=1 August 2024}}</ref> |
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* [[BDSM#Scene: subculture and public|BDSM]]<ref>BDSM sources: |
* [[BDSM#Scene: subculture and public|BDSM]]<ref>BDSM sources: |
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* {{cite journal | title = Demographic and Psychosocial Features of Participants in Bondage and Discipline, "Sadomasochism" or Dominance and Submission (BDSM): Data from a National Survey | journal = [[Journal of Sexual Medicine]] | author = Juliet Richters, Richard O. de Visser, [[Christopher Rissel|Chris E. Rissel]], Andrew E. Grulich, Anthony M.A. Smith | volume = 5 | issue = 7 |date=July 2008 | pages = 1660–1668 | doi = 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2008.00795.x | pmid = 18331257 }} |
* {{cite journal | title = Demographic and Psychosocial Features of Participants in Bondage and Discipline, "Sadomasochism" or Dominance and Submission (BDSM): Data from a National Survey | journal = [[Journal of Sexual Medicine]] | author = Juliet Richters, Richard O. de Visser, [[Christopher Rissel|Chris E. Rissel]], Andrew E. Grulich, Anthony M.A. Smith | volume = 5 | issue = 7 |date=July 2008 | pages = 1660–1668 | doi = 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2008.00795.x | pmid = 18331257 }} |
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* {{cite book | title = Principles and practice of sex therapy | first = Sandra R. | last = Leiblum | publisher = [[Guilford Press]] | year = 2006 | isbn = 978-1-59385-349-5 | pages = 380, 405 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=IoG26ZJ-gkkC&q=bdsm+subculture&pg=PA380 | author-link = Sandra R. Leiblum }}</ref> |
* {{cite book | title = Principles and practice of sex therapy | first = Sandra R. | last = Leiblum | publisher = [[Guilford Press]] | year = 2006 | isbn = 978-1-59385-349-5 | pages = 380, 405 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=IoG26ZJ-gkkC&q=bdsm+subculture&pg=PA380 | author-link = Sandra R. Leiblum }}</ref> |
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* [[Beat Generation]] and [[beatnik]]s<ref>{{cite web |last1=Wills |first1=Matthew |title=How the Beat Generation Became "Beatniks" |website=[[Jstor]] |access-date=1 August 2024 |url=https://daily.jstor.org/how-the-beat-generation-became-beatniks/}}</ref> |
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* [[Beat Generation]],<ref>{{ref|ken_gelder|Ken Gelder}} pages [https://books.google.com/books?id=46OYHkjZR4AC&q=beat&pg=PA295 295] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217032016/https://books.google.com/books?id=46OYHkjZR4AC&pg=PA295&vq=beat |date=2019-12-17 }}. Chapter 27 "Posing... threats, striking... poses. Youth, surveillance and display (1983)" by Dick Hebdige</ref> see [[beatnik]] |
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* Bikers, see [[motorcycle club]]s and [[outlaw motorcycle club]]s<ref>{{cite web |last1=Thomas |first1=Lou |title="The golden age of motorcycles and that life is now gone": Jeff Nichols on his biker subculture movie The Bikeriders |url=https://www.bfi.org.uk/interviews/jeff-nichols-bikeriders |access-date=30 July 2024}}</ref> |
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* [[Bent edge]] |
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* Bikers, see [[motorcycle club]]s and [[outlaw motorcycle club]]s<ref>{{cite web |last1=Thomas |first1=Lou |title=”The golden age of motorcycles and that life is now gone”: Jeff Nichols on his biker subculture movie The Bikeriders |url=https://www.bfi.org.uk/interviews/jeff-nichols-bikeriders |access-date=30 July 2024}}</ref> |
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** [[Bōsōzoku]]<ref>{{cite journal | journal = [[Crime & Delinquency]] | title = Street Youths, Bosozoku, and Yakuza: Subculture Formation and Societal Reactions in Japan | first = Joachim | last = Kersten | volume = 39 | issue = 3 | pages = 277–295 | year = 2003 | doi = 10.1177/0011128793039003002 | s2cid = 143674993 }}</ref> |
** [[Bōsōzoku]]<ref>{{cite journal | journal = [[Crime & Delinquency]] | title = Street Youths, Bosozoku, and Yakuza: Subculture Formation and Societal Reactions in Japan | first = Joachim | last = Kersten | volume = 39 | issue = 3 | pages = 277–295 | year = 2003 | doi = 10.1177/0011128793039003002 | s2cid = 143674993 }}</ref> |
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* [[Bikini boys]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bretan |first1=Juliette |title=The Striped-Sock-Wearing Polish Beatniks: The Life & Styles of the Bikiniarze |url=https://culture.pl/en/article/the-striped-sock-wearing-polish-beatniks-the-life-styles-of-the-bikiniarze |website=culture.pl |access-date=15 June 2024 |date=23 January 2022}}</ref> |
* [[Bikini boys]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bretan |first1=Juliette |title=The Striped-Sock-Wearing Polish Beatniks: The Life & Styles of the Bikiniarze |url=https://culture.pl/en/article/the-striped-sock-wearing-polish-beatniks-the-life-styles-of-the-bikiniarze |website=culture.pl |access-date=15 June 2024 |date=23 January 2022}}</ref> |
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* [[Bills (subculture)|Bills]]<ref>{{Cite book |title= Reinventing order in the Congo: how people respond to state failure in Kinshasa |first= Theodore |last= Trefon |edition= illustrated |publisher= Zed Books |year= 2004 |isbn= 978-1-84277-491-5 |page= 138 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=5VAAHi93y0sC |access-date= 2016-09-24 |archive-date= 2016-11-21 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20161121111619/https://books.google.com/books?id=5VAAHi93y0sC |url-status= live }}</ref> |
* [[Bills (subculture)|Bills]]<ref>{{Cite book |title= Reinventing order in the Congo: how people respond to state failure in Kinshasa |first= Theodore |last= Trefon |edition= illustrated |publisher= Zed Books |year= 2004 |isbn= 978-1-84277-491-5 |page= 138 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=5VAAHi93y0sC |access-date= 2016-09-24 |archive-date= 2016-11-21 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20161121111619/https://books.google.com/books?id=5VAAHi93y0sC |url-status= live }}</ref> |
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* [[Biopunk]]<ref>{{cite news |url=http://harvardmagazine.com/2014/09/synthetic-biologys-new-menagerie |title=Synthetic Biology's New Menagerie |last1=Xue |first1=Katherine |newspaper=Harvard Magazine |date=2014 |access-date=25 May 2015 |archive-date=28 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728203147/http://harvardmagazine.com/2014/09/synthetic-biologys-new-menagerie |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://hplusmagazine.com/2012/03/20/becoming-ourselves/ |title=Becoming Ourselves |last1=Haywire |first1=Rachel |date=20 March 2012 |access-date=25 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150525205506/http://hplusmagazine.com/2012/03/20/becoming-ourselves/ |archive-date=25 May 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |
* [[Biopunk]]<ref>{{cite news |url=http://harvardmagazine.com/2014/09/synthetic-biologys-new-menagerie |title=Synthetic Biology's New Menagerie |last1=Xue |first1=Katherine |newspaper=Harvard Magazine |date=2014 |access-date=25 May 2015 |archive-date=28 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728203147/http://harvardmagazine.com/2014/09/synthetic-biologys-new-menagerie |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://hplusmagazine.com/2012/03/20/becoming-ourselves/ |title=Becoming Ourselves |last1=Haywire |first1=Rachel |date=20 March 2012 |access-date=25 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150525205506/http://hplusmagazine.com/2012/03/20/becoming-ourselves/ |archive-date=25 May 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |
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* [[Birdwatching]]<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Connell |first1=J |title=Birdwatching, twitching and tourism: towards an Australian perspective |journal=Australian Geographer |date=2009 |volume=40 |issue=2 |pages= |
* [[Birdwatching]]<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Connell |first1=J |title=Birdwatching, twitching and tourism: towards an Australian perspective |journal=Australian Geographer |date=2009 |volume=40 |issue=2 |pages=203–217|doi=10.1080/00049180902964942 |bibcode=2009AuGeo..40..203C }}</ref> |
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* [[Bobby soxer (subculture)|Bobby soxer]]s<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sickels |first1=Robert |title=The 1940s (American Popular Culture Through History) |date=2004 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9780313312991 |page=36 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G4IkgU7jpLwC&q=bobby+soxers&pg=PA36 |access-date=21 April 2019}}</ref> |
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* [[Bodybuilding]]<ref>Sources for Boispedink: {{cite book | title = Little Big Men: Bodybuilding Subculture and Gender Construction | first = Alan M. | last = Klein | publisher = [[SUNY Press]] | year = 1993 | isbn = 978-0-7914-1559-7 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=z-ax2426Kw0C&q=subculture&pg=PA6 | access-date = 2020-11-30 | archive-date = 2021-03-28 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210328132436/https://books.google.com/books?id=z-ax2426Kw0C&q=subculture&pg=PA6 | url-status = live }} |
* [[Bodybuilding]]<ref>Sources for Boispedink: {{cite book | title = Little Big Men: Bodybuilding Subculture and Gender Construction | first = Alan M. | last = Klein | publisher = [[SUNY Press]] | year = 1993 | isbn = 978-0-7914-1559-7 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=z-ax2426Kw0C&q=subculture&pg=PA6 | access-date = 2020-11-30 | archive-date = 2021-03-28 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210328132436/https://books.google.com/books?id=z-ax2426Kw0C&q=subculture&pg=PA6 | url-status = live }} |
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* {{cite journal | journal = [[Amsterdams Sociologisch Tijdschrift]] | title = Tales of lies. The bodybuilder's body between reality and fantasy | author = KOERT W. | volume = 25 | issue = 2 | pages = 276–294, 324 | issn = 0921-4933 | date = March 28, 1988 | url = http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=2454011 | access-date = October 6, 2008 | archive-date = December 21, 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081221114142/http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=2454011 | url-status = live }} |
* {{cite journal | journal = [[Amsterdams Sociologisch Tijdschrift]] | title = Tales of lies. The bodybuilder's body between reality and fantasy | author = KOERT W. | volume = 25 | issue = 2 | pages = 276–294, 324 | issn = 0921-4933 | date = March 28, 1988 | url = http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=2454011 | access-date = October 6, 2008 | archive-date = December 21, 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081221114142/http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=2454011 | url-status = live }} |
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* {{cite book | title = Contemporary Issues in Sociology of Sport | first1 = Andrew | last1 = Yiannakis | first2 = Merrill J. | last2 = Melnick | publisher = [[Human Kinetics]] | year = 2001 | isbn = 978-0-7360-3710-5 | pages = 413–425 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=NNuDZJtRweUC&q=bodybuilding+subculture&pg=PA413 | access-date = 2020-11-30 | archive-date = 2021-03-28 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210328132444/https://books.google.com/books?id=NNuDZJtRweUC&q=bodybuilding+subculture&pg=PA413 | url-status = live }}</ref> |
* {{cite book | title = Contemporary Issues in Sociology of Sport | first1 = Andrew | last1 = Yiannakis | first2 = Merrill J. | last2 = Melnick | publisher = [[Human Kinetics]] | year = 2001 | isbn = 978-0-7360-3710-5 | pages = 413–425 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=NNuDZJtRweUC&q=bodybuilding+subculture&pg=PA413 | access-date = 2020-11-30 | archive-date = 2021-03-28 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210328132444/https://books.google.com/books?id=NNuDZJtRweUC&q=bodybuilding+subculture&pg=PA413 | url-status = live }}</ref> |
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* [[Bohemianism]]<ref>Sources: |
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* {{cite book | title = Inside Greenwich Village: A New York City Neighborhood, 1898-1918 | first = Gerald W. | last = McFarland | publisher = [[University of Massachusetts Press]] | year = 2001 | isbn = 978-1-55849-299-8 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=0_yDbFQjwaoC&q=bohemian+bohemianism+subculture&pg=PP4 | page = 4 | location = Amherst, Mass. | access-date = 2020-11-30 | archive-date = 2021-03-28 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210328132447/https://books.google.com/books?id=0_yDbFQjwaoC&q=bohemian+bohemianism+subculture&pg=PP4 | url-status = live }} |
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* {{cite book |title= The sociology of youth culture and youth subcultures: sex and drugs and rock 'n' roll |first= Mike |last= Brake |edition= reprinted |publisher= Routledge |year= 1980 |isbn= 978-0-7100-0364-5 |page= 90 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=V6g9AAAAIAAJ&q=bohemian+subculture&pg=PA90 |access-date= 2020-11-30 |archive-date= 2021-03-28 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210328132540/https://books.google.com/books?id=V6g9AAAAIAAJ&q=bohemian+subculture&pg=PA90 |url-status= live }}</ref> |
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* [[Bro culture|Bro]]<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Tweet |last2=WhatsApp |date=2019-05-10 |title=The Great 'Bro-liferation': Should Women Be Calling Each Other 'Bro'? |url=https://livewire.thewire.in/gender-and-sexuality/the-great-bro-liferation-should-women-be-calling-each-other-bro/ |access-date=2022-05-07 |website=Live Wire |language=en-US}}</ref> |
* [[Bro culture|Bro]]<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Tweet |last2=WhatsApp |date=2019-05-10 |title=The Great 'Bro-liferation': Should Women Be Calling Each Other 'Bro'? |url=https://livewire.thewire.in/gender-and-sexuality/the-great-bro-liferation-should-women-be-calling-each-other-bro/ |access-date=2022-05-07 |website=Live Wire |language=en-US}}</ref> |
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* [[Bodgies and widgies|Bodgies & Widgies]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Rosel |first1=Rachael |title=Bodgies and widgies: Remembering Aussie teens of the |
* [[Bodgies and widgies|Bodgies & Widgies]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Rosel |first1=Rachael |title=Bodgies and widgies: Remembering Aussie teens of the '50s who were up to no good |url=https://startsat60.com/media/opinion/nostalgia/bodgies-widgies-australian-teenagers-1950s-nostalgia |access-date=30 July 2024}}</ref> |
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* [[Bogan]]<ref name="Griffith">{{cite web |title='Bogan' Polite or not? Cultural implications of a term in Australian slang |url=http://www.griffith.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0019/72901/Issue1-kay-bartolo-boga-in-ausE.pdf |publisher=[[Griffith University]] |author=Kay Frances Bartolo |access-date=8 November 2014 |archive-date=9 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309044640/https://www.griffith.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0019/72901/Issue1-kay-bartolo-boga-in-ausE.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> |
* [[Bogan]]<ref name="Griffith">{{cite web |title='Bogan' Polite or not? Cultural implications of a term in Australian slang |url=http://www.griffith.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0019/72901/Issue1-kay-bartolo-boga-in-ausE.pdf |publisher=[[Griffith University]] |author=Kay Frances Bartolo |access-date=8 November 2014 |archive-date=9 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309044640/https://www.griffith.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0019/72901/Issue1-kay-bartolo-boga-in-ausE.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> |
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==C== |
==C== |
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* [[Casual (subculture)|Casuals]]<ref>{{cite news | title=Casuals: The Lost Tribe of Britain: They dressed, andf still dress, cool and fought | work=[[The Sunday Herald]] | date=8 May 2005 | author=Barry Didcock | url=http://www.heraldscotland.com/news/12493851.CASUALS___THE_LOST_TRIBE_OF_BRITAIN_They_dressed_cool_and_fought_dirty__but_their_impact_on_fashion_has_been_largely_ignored__Now_they_are_making_a_comeback_______in_bookshops/ |accessdate=11 April 2017}}</ref> |
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* [[Casual (subculture)|Casuals]] |
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* [[Chonga]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Preston |first1=Devon |title=CHONGAFIED |url=https://inkedmag.com/original-news/lagoony-chonga |website=[[Inked (magazine)|Inked]] |access-date=31 July 2024}}</ref> |
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* [[Chonga]] |
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* [[Cosplay]]ers<ref name="gagne">{{cite journal | journal = [[Journal of Linguistic Anthropology]] | title = Urban Princesses: Performance and "Women's Language" in Japan's Gothic/Lolita Subculture | first = Isaac | last = Gagné | volume = 18 | issue = 1 |date=June 2008 | doi = 10.1111/j.1548-1395.2008.00006.x | pages = 130–176(21) | publisher = Blackwell Publishing }}</ref> |
* [[Cosplay]]ers<ref name="gagne">{{cite journal | journal = [[Journal of Linguistic Anthropology]] | title = Urban Princesses: Performance and "Women's Language" in Japan's Gothic/Lolita Subculture | first = Isaac | last = Gagné | volume = 18 | issue = 1 |date=June 2008 | doi = 10.1111/j.1548-1395.2008.00006.x | pages = 130–176(21) | publisher = Blackwell Publishing }}</ref> |
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* [[Crust punk]]s<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kail |first1=Ellyn |title=On the Go: Faces of an American Youth Subculture |url=https://www.featureshoot.com/2017/05/go-faces-american-youth-subculture/ |access-date=31 July 2024}}</ref> |
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* [[Crust punk|Crusties]] |
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* [[Cryptozoology]]<ref>{{cite web |title=On the Monster Beat |url=https://www.thenewatlantis.com/publications/on-the-monster-beat |access-date=31 July 2024}}</ref> |
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* [[Cryptozoology]] |
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* [[Cyberpunk]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Cyberpunk as a Subculture|url=http://project.cyberpunk.ru/idb/subculture.html|website=Information Database}}</ref> |
* [[Cyberpunk]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Cyberpunk as a Subculture|url=http://project.cyberpunk.ru/idb/subculture.html|website=Information Database}}</ref> |
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* [[Cybergoth]]<ref>{{ref|bell_2001|bell 2001}}, pages [https://archive.org/details/introductiontocy0000bell/page/101 101-102], [https://archive.org/details/introductiontocy0000bell/page/164 154-184]</ref> |
* [[Cybergoth]]<ref>{{ref|bell_2001|bell 2001}}, pages [https://archive.org/details/introductiontocy0000bell/page/101 101-102], [https://archive.org/details/introductiontocy0000bell/page/164 154-184]</ref> |
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* [[Cholo (subculture)|Cholos & Cholas]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Calderón-Douglass |first1=Barbara |title=The Folk Feminist Struggle Behind the Chola Fashion Trend |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/wd4w99/the-history-of-the-chola-456 |website=[[Vice Media]] |access-date=30 July 2024}}</ref> |
* [[Cholo (subculture)|Cholos & Cholas]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Calderón-Douglass |first1=Barbara |title=The Folk Feminist Struggle Behind the Chola Fashion Trend |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/wd4w99/the-history-of-the-chola-456 |website=[[Vice Media]] |access-date=30 July 2024}}</ref> |
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* [[Chav]]s<ref name="Kovačević, 2018" /> |
* [[Chav]]s<ref name="Kovačević, 2018" /> |
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* [[Cottagecore]] |
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==D== |
==D== |
||
* [[Dandy]] |
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* [[Dark culture]]<ref>Arvid Dittmann · Artificial Tribes · Page 147 · 2001 · {{ISBN|3-933773-11-3}}</ref> |
* [[Dark culture]]<ref>Arvid Dittmann · Artificial Tribes · Page 147 · 2001 · {{ISBN|3-933773-11-3}}</ref> |
||
* [[Dark academia]]<ref name="initial NYTimes">{{Cite news|last=Bateman|first=Kristen|date=2020-06-30|title=Academia Lives — on TikTok|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/30/style/dark-academia-tiktok.html|access-date=2021-02-03| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200706004410/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/30/style/dark-academia-tiktok.html | archive-date=2020-07-06}}</ref> |
* [[Dark academia]]<ref name="initial NYTimes">{{Cite news|last=Bateman|first=Kristen|date=2020-06-30|title=Academia Lives — on TikTok|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/30/style/dark-academia-tiktok.html|access-date=2021-02-03| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200706004410/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/30/style/dark-academia-tiktok.html | archive-date=2020-07-06}}</ref> |
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* {{cite book | last1=Lysloff | first1=René T. A. | last2=Gay | first2=Leslie C. | title=Music and technoculture | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MPRBF1wqmcoC&q=demoscene+subculture&pg=PA37 | year=2003 | edition=illustrated | publisher=Wesleyan University Press | isbn=978-0-8195-6514-3 | pages=37–38 }} |
* {{cite book | last1=Lysloff | first1=René T. A. | last2=Gay | first2=Leslie C. | title=Music and technoculture | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MPRBF1wqmcoC&q=demoscene+subculture&pg=PA37 | year=2003 | edition=illustrated | publisher=Wesleyan University Press | isbn=978-0-8195-6514-3 | pages=37–38 }} |
||
* {{cite web | title = Course Description: The Demoscene: An Introduction to Programming and Subcultures | publisher = [[Columbia College Chicago]] | url = http://www2.colum.edu/course_descriptions/36-1930J.html | access-date = 2009-04-15 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080829005045/http://www.colum.edu/course_descriptions/36-1930J.html | archive-date = 2008-08-29 | url-status = dead }}</ref> |
* {{cite web | title = Course Description: The Demoscene: An Introduction to Programming and Subcultures | publisher = [[Columbia College Chicago]] | url = http://www2.colum.edu/course_descriptions/36-1930J.html | access-date = 2009-04-15 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080829005045/http://www.colum.edu/course_descriptions/36-1930J.html | archive-date = 2008-08-29 | url-status = dead }}</ref> |
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* [[Dizelaši]]<ref name="Kovačević, 2018">{{cite book |last1=Kovačević |first1=Predrag S |title=Between the First and the Second Serbia: On the Political and Class Dimension of Hip-Hop Subculture in Serbia |date=11 October 2018 |publisher=University of Novi Sad |location=Novi Sad |pages=699–720 |quote=Subcultures that emerged under neoliberalism, from hip-hoppers in the US and British chavs to Russian gopniks and, of course, Serbian dizelaši, share many core features.}}</ref> |
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* [[Densha Otaku]] |
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* [[Dizelaši]]<ref name="Kovačević, 2018">{{cite book |last1=Kovačević |first1=Predrag S |title=Between the First and the Second Serbia: On the Political and Class Dimension of Hip-Hop Subculture in Serbia |date=11 October 2018 |publisher=University of Novi Sad |location=Novi Sad |pages=699-720 |quote=Subcultures that emerged under neoliberalism, from hip-hoppers in the US and British chavs to Russian gopniks and, of course, Serbian dizelaši, share many core features.}}</ref> |
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* [[Drag (clothing)|Drag]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Martin |first1=Emily |title=From police raids to pop culture: The early history of modern drag |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/article/drag-queen-drag-balls-early-history-pop-culture |website=[[Nation Geographic]] |access-date=31 July 2024}}</ref> |
* [[Drag (clothing)|Drag]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Martin |first1=Emily |title=From police raids to pop culture: The early history of modern drag |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/article/drag-queen-drag-balls-early-history-pop-culture |website=[[Nation Geographic]] |access-date=31 July 2024}}</ref> |
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* [[Dresiarz]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Snow White and the Russian Red |url=https://culture.pl/en/work/snow-white-and-russian-red-xawery-zulawski |website=[[Culture.pl]] |access-date=31 July 2024}}</ref> |
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* [[Dresiarz]] |
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==E== |
==E== |
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* [[EarthBound fandom]] |
|||
* [[E-kids]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Uh |first=Kyung Jin |date=2020-10-30 |title=Digital persona in E-girl and E-boy fashion images |url=http://www.rjcc.or.kr/journal/article.php?code=76510 |journal=The Research Journal of the Costume Culture |volume=28 |issue=5 |pages=692–704 |doi=10.29049/rjcc.2020.28.5.692 |s2cid=229207298 |issn=1226-0401}}</ref> |
* [[E-kids]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Uh |first=Kyung Jin |date=2020-10-30 |title=Digital persona in E-girl and E-boy fashion images |url=http://www.rjcc.or.kr/journal/article.php?code=76510 |journal=The Research Journal of the Costume Culture |volume=28 |issue=5 |pages=692–704 |doi=10.29049/rjcc.2020.28.5.692 |s2cid=229207298 |issn=1226-0401}}</ref> |
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* [[Emo]]<ref>Sources for emo subculture: |
* [[Emo]]<ref>Sources for emo subculture: |
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*{{cite journal |author=Martin, G. |year=2006 |title=Editorial. On suicide and subcultures |journal=[[Australian e-Journal for the Advancement of Mental Health]] |volume=5 |issue=3 |pages=1–5 |url=http://www.auseinet.com/journal/vol5iss3/martin.pdf |doi=10.5172/jamh.5.1.1 |access-date=2008-11-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080920180044/http://www.auseinet.com/journal/vol5iss3/martin.pdf |archive-date=2008-09-20 |url-status=dead }} |
*{{cite journal |author=Martin, G. |year=2006 |title=Editorial. On suicide and subcultures |journal=[[Australian e-Journal for the Advancement of Mental Health]] |volume=5 |issue=3 |pages=1–5 |url=http://www.auseinet.com/journal/vol5iss3/martin.pdf |doi=10.5172/jamh.5.1.1 |access-date=2008-11-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080920180044/http://www.auseinet.com/journal/vol5iss3/martin.pdf |archive-date=2008-09-20 |url-status=dead }} |
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{{cite journal |journal=[[M/C Journal]] |first=Ianto |last=Ware |title=Andrew Keen Vs the Emos: Youth, Publishing, and Transliteracy |volume=11 |issue=4 |url=http://journal.media-culture.org.au/index.php/mcjournal/article/viewArticle/41 |date=2008 |doi=10.5204/mcj.41 |doi-access=free |access-date=2008-10-12 |archive-date=2008-12-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081221110035/http://journal.media-culture.org.au/index.php/mcjournal/article/viewArticle/41 |url-status=live }}</ref> |
{{cite journal |journal=[[M/C Journal]] |first=Ianto |last=Ware |title=Andrew Keen Vs the Emos: Youth, Publishing, and Transliteracy |volume=11 |issue=4 |url=http://journal.media-culture.org.au/index.php/mcjournal/article/viewArticle/41 |date=2008 |doi=10.5204/mcj.41 |doi-access=free |access-date=2008-10-12 |archive-date=2008-12-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081221110035/http://journal.media-culture.org.au/index.php/mcjournal/article/viewArticle/41 |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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* [[Eshay]]<ref>https://www.bosshunting.com.au/lifestyle/what-is-an-eshay-australia/ {{Bare URL inline|date=August 2024}}</ref><ref>https://www.geelongadvertiser.com.au/subscribe/news/1/?sourceCode=GAWEB_MRE170_a_GGL&dest=https%3A%2F%2Frp.liu233w.com%3A443%2Fhttps%2Fwww.geelongadvertiser.com.au%2Fnews%2Fgeelong%2Feshays-in-geelong-meet-one-of-our-scariest-youth-subcultures%2Fnews-story%2Fc231285fb1e63cfb4039e88461db7f77&memtype=anonymous&mode=premium&nk=5a3a29f7b41d20dbd1379be92b2a3e2f-1719559453 {{Bare URL inline|date=August 2024}}</ref> |
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* [[Eshay]] |
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==F== |
==F== |
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* [[Fandom]]<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Waysdorf |first1=Abby |title=Placing fandom, studying fans: Modified acafandom in practice |journal=Transformative Works and Cultures |date=June 2020 |volume=33 |doi=10.3983/twc.2020.1739 |quote=Fandom is not only a niche subculture but a way of relating to a wide range of aspects of mediatized society}}</ref> |
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* [[Fandom]] |
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* [[Flapper]]s<ref>{{Cite book|title=Flappers: A Guide to an American Subculture|url=https://archive.org/details/flappersguidetoa00sage|url-access=limited|last=Sagert|first=Kelly Boyer|publisher=Greenwood Press|year=2010|isbn=978-0-313-37690-0|location=Santa Barbara CA|pages=[https://archive.org/details/flappersguidetoa00sage/page/n26 1]}}</ref> |
* [[Flapper]]s<ref>{{Cite book|title=Flappers: A Guide to an American Subculture|url=https://archive.org/details/flappersguidetoa00sage|url-access=limited|last=Sagert|first=Kelly Boyer|publisher=Greenwood Press|year=2010|isbn=978-0-313-37690-0|location=Santa Barbara CA|pages=[https://archive.org/details/flappersguidetoa00sage/page/n26 1]}}</ref> |
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* [[Modern flat Earth societies|Flat Earth Society]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Pappas |first1=Stephanie |title=Flat Earth: What Fuels the Internet's Strangest Conspiracy Theory? |url=https://www.livescience.com/61655-flat-earth-conspiracy-theory.html |access-date=3 December 2022 |work=Live Science |date=5 February 2018 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Lanuza |first1=JM |last2=Ong |first2=Jonathan Corpus |title=Beyond Conspiracy: the ties that bind Filipino Flat Earthers and populist supporters |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/medialse/2019/08/28/beyond-conspiracy-the-ties-that-bind-filipino-flat-earthers-and-populist-supporters/ |access-date=3 December 2022 |work=Media@LSE |date=28 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Thompson |first1=Clive |title=YouTube's Plot to Silence Conspiracy Theories |url=https://www.wired.com/story/youtube-algorithm-silence-conspiracy-theories/ |access-date=3 December 2022 |magazine=Wired |date=18 September 2020}}</ref> |
* [[Modern flat Earth societies|Flat Earth Society]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Pappas |first1=Stephanie |title=Flat Earth: What Fuels the Internet's Strangest Conspiracy Theory? |url=https://www.livescience.com/61655-flat-earth-conspiracy-theory.html |access-date=3 December 2022 |work=Live Science |date=5 February 2018 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Lanuza |first1=JM |last2=Ong |first2=Jonathan Corpus |title=Beyond Conspiracy: the ties that bind Filipino Flat Earthers and populist supporters |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/medialse/2019/08/28/beyond-conspiracy-the-ties-that-bind-filipino-flat-earthers-and-populist-supporters/ |access-date=3 December 2022 |work=Media@LSE |date=28 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Thompson |first1=Clive |title=YouTube's Plot to Silence Conspiracy Theories |url=https://www.wired.com/story/youtube-algorithm-silence-conspiracy-theories/ |access-date=3 December 2022 |magazine=Wired |date=18 September 2020}}</ref> |
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* [[Freak scene]]<ref>{{Cite book |title= Deviance and Liberty: Social Problems and Public Policy |editor-first= Lee |editor-last= Rainwater |publisher= Aldine Transaction |year= 2011 |isbn= 978-1-4128-1503-1 |chapter= 8. Heads and freaks: patterns and meanings of drug use among hippies |first1= Fred |last1= Davis |first2= Laura |last2= Munoz |pages= 88–95 |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=-QmeFSAE8G8C |access-date= 2016-09-24 |archive-date= 2019-12-17 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20191217032024/https://books.google.com/books?id=-QmeFSAE8G8C |url-status= live }}</ref> |
* [[Freak scene]]<ref>{{Cite book |title= Deviance and Liberty: Social Problems and Public Policy |editor-first= Lee |editor-last= Rainwater |publisher= Aldine Transaction |year= 2011 |isbn= 978-1-4128-1503-1 |chapter= 8. Heads and freaks: patterns and meanings of drug use among hippies |first1= Fred |last1= Davis |first2= Laura |last2= Munoz |pages= 88–95 |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=-QmeFSAE8G8C |access-date= 2016-09-24 |archive-date= 2019-12-17 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20191217032024/https://books.google.com/books?id=-QmeFSAE8G8C |url-status= live }}</ref> |
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* [[Furry fandom]]<ref>{{cite news|first=Dylan|last=Matthews|url=https://www.vox.com/2014/12/10/7362321/9-questions-about-furries-you-were-too-embarrassed-to-ask|title=9 questions about furries you were too embarrassed to ask|newspaper=Vox|date=March 27, 2015|access-date=2016-08-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160729151838/http://www.vox.com/2014/12/10/7362321/9-questions-about-furries-you-were-too-embarrassed-to-ask|archive-date=July 29, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> |
* [[Furry fandom]]<ref>{{cite news|first=Dylan|last=Matthews|url=https://www.vox.com/2014/12/10/7362321/9-questions-about-furries-you-were-too-embarrassed-to-ask|title=9 questions about furries you were too embarrassed to ask|newspaper=Vox|date=March 27, 2015|access-date=2016-08-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160729151838/http://www.vox.com/2014/12/10/7362321/9-questions-about-furries-you-were-too-embarrassed-to-ask|archive-date=July 29, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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* [[Futurism]] |
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* [[Foodie|Food lovers]] |
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* [[Los Frikis|Frikis]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Wells |first1=Karen |title=Teen Lives around the World: A Global Encyclopedia |page=107}}</ref> |
* [[Los Frikis|Frikis]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Wells |first1=Karen |title=Teen Lives around the World: A Global Encyclopedia |page=107}}</ref> |
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==G== |
==G== |
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* [[Gabber]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=30 October 2019|title=Thunderdome: the Dutch rave with the world's fastest, hardest music|url=http://www.theguardian.com/music/2019/oct/30/thunderdome-the-dutch-rave-with-the-worlds-fastest-hardest-music|access-date=26 September 2021|website=the Guardian|language=en}}</ref> |
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* [[Gabber]] |
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* [[Gamer]] |
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* [[Geek]] |
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* [[Glam rock]]<ref>Sources for glam: |
* [[Glam rock]]<ref>Sources for glam: |
||
* {{cite journal | journal = [[Australian Journal of Cultural Studies]] | title = Why Doesn't Anyone Write about Glam Rock | first = Jon | last = Stratton | volume = 4 | issue = 1 | date = June 2006 | url = http://humanities.curtin.edu.au/schools/MCCA/ccs/AJCS_journal/J4V1/J4V1Why%20doesn%27t%20anybody%20write%20anything%20about%20glam%20rock.htm | author-link = Jon Stratton | access-date = 2014-05-03 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150404234939/http://humanities.curtin.edu.au/schools/MCCA/ccs/AJCS_journal/J4V1/J4V1Why%20doesn't%20anybody%20write%20anything%20about%20glam%20rock.htm | archive-date = 2015-04-04 | url-status = dead }} |
* {{cite journal | journal = [[Australian Journal of Cultural Studies]] | title = Why Doesn't Anyone Write about Glam Rock | first = Jon | last = Stratton | volume = 4 | issue = 1 | date = June 2006 | url = http://humanities.curtin.edu.au/schools/MCCA/ccs/AJCS_journal/J4V1/J4V1Why%20doesn%27t%20anybody%20write%20anything%20about%20glam%20rock.htm | author-link = Jon Stratton | access-date = 2014-05-03 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150404234939/http://humanities.curtin.edu.au/schools/MCCA/ccs/AJCS_journal/J4V1/J4V1Why%20doesn't%20anybody%20write%20anything%20about%20glam%20rock.htm | archive-date = 2015-04-04 | url-status = dead }} |
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* {{ref|goolad|Goodlad}}, pages: [https://books.google.com/books?id=OdpOdIATKOcC&q=glam&pg=PA6 6] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108003447/http://books.google.com/books?id=OdpOdIATKOcC&pg=PA6&vq=glam&dq=glam+subculture |date=2014-01-08 }}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=OdpOdIATKOcC&q=glam+subculture&pg=PA19 19-20] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108003546/http://books.google.com/books?id=OdpOdIATKOcC&pg=PA19&vq=glam+subculture |date=2014-01-08 }}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=OdpOdIATKOcC&q=glam+subculture&pg=PA35 34-35] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108003505/http://books.google.com/books?id=OdpOdIATKOcC&pg=PA35&vq=glam+subculture |date=2014-01-08 }}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=OdpOdIATKOcC&q=glam+subculture_99uA&pg=PA66 66] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108003459/http://books.google.com/books?id=OdpOdIATKOcC&pg=PA66&vq=glam+subculture_99uA |date=2014-01-08 }}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=OdpOdIATKOcC&q=glam+subculture&pg=PA78 78] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108003441/http://books.google.com/books?id=OdpOdIATKOcC&pg=PA78&vq=glam+subculture |date=2014-01-08 }}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=OdpOdIATKOcC&q=glam+subculture&pg=PA92 92] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108003502/http://books.google.com/books?id=OdpOdIATKOcC&pg=PA92&vq=glam+subculture |date=2014-01-08 }}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=OdpOdIATKOcC&q=glam+subculture&pg=PA259 259] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108003451/http://books.google.com/books?id=OdpOdIATKOcC&pg=PA259&vq=glam+subculture |date=2014-01-08 }}</ref> |
* {{ref|goolad|Goodlad}}, pages: [https://books.google.com/books?id=OdpOdIATKOcC&q=glam&pg=PA6 6] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108003447/http://books.google.com/books?id=OdpOdIATKOcC&pg=PA6&vq=glam&dq=glam+subculture |date=2014-01-08 }}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=OdpOdIATKOcC&q=glam+subculture&pg=PA19 19-20] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108003546/http://books.google.com/books?id=OdpOdIATKOcC&pg=PA19&vq=glam+subculture |date=2014-01-08 }}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=OdpOdIATKOcC&q=glam+subculture&pg=PA35 34-35] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108003505/http://books.google.com/books?id=OdpOdIATKOcC&pg=PA35&vq=glam+subculture |date=2014-01-08 }}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=OdpOdIATKOcC&q=glam+subculture_99uA&pg=PA66 66] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108003459/http://books.google.com/books?id=OdpOdIATKOcC&pg=PA66&vq=glam+subculture_99uA |date=2014-01-08 }}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=OdpOdIATKOcC&q=glam+subculture&pg=PA78 78] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108003441/http://books.google.com/books?id=OdpOdIATKOcC&pg=PA78&vq=glam+subculture |date=2014-01-08 }}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=OdpOdIATKOcC&q=glam+subculture&pg=PA92 92] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108003502/http://books.google.com/books?id=OdpOdIATKOcC&pg=PA92&vq=glam+subculture |date=2014-01-08 }}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=OdpOdIATKOcC&q=glam+subculture&pg=PA259 259] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108003451/http://books.google.com/books?id=OdpOdIATKOcC&pg=PA259&vq=glam+subculture |date=2014-01-08 }}</ref> |
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* [[Glam metal]]<ref name=AllmusicHairMetal>[https://www.allmusic.com/style/hair-metal-ma0000011902/artists "Hair metal"], ''AllMusic''. Retrieved November 2014.</ref> |
* [[Glam metal]]<ref name=AllmusicHairMetal>[https://www.allmusic.com/style/hair-metal-ma0000011902/artists "Hair metal"], ''AllMusic''. Retrieved November 2014.</ref> |
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* [[Gopnik]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Get the 'post-Soviet' look: how Russian street style went global |url=https://jordantimes.com/news/features/get-post-soviet%E2%80%99-look-how-russian-street-style-went-global |website=[[The Jordan Times]] |access-date=1 August 2024}}</ref> |
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* [[Gopnik]] |
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* [[Goth subculture]]<ref>{{cite book | title = The Routledge Companion to Gothic |first1=Catherine |last1=Spooner |first2=Emma |last2=McEvoy | publisher = [[Routledge]] | year = 2007 | isbn = 978-0-415-39843-5 | pages = [https://books.google.com/books?id=p4fnEHOuZ6UC&q=goth+subculture+OR+subcultures+OR+subcultural&pg=PA195 195–196], [https://books.google.com/books?id=p4fnEHOuZ6UC&q=goth+subculture+OR+subcultures+OR+subcultural&pg=PA263 263–264] | location = London }}</ref> |
* [[Goth subculture]]<ref>{{cite book | title = The Routledge Companion to Gothic |first1=Catherine |last1=Spooner |first2=Emma |last2=McEvoy | publisher = [[Routledge]] | year = 2007 | isbn = 978-0-415-39843-5 | pages = [https://books.google.com/books?id=p4fnEHOuZ6UC&q=goth+subculture+OR+subcultures+OR+subcultural&pg=PA195 195–196], [https://books.google.com/books?id=p4fnEHOuZ6UC&q=goth+subculture+OR+subcultures+OR+subcultural&pg=PA263 263–264] | location = London }}</ref> |
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* [[Graffiti|Graffiti writers]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Snyder |first=Gregory J. |date=2006-04-01 |title=Graffiti media and the perpetuation of an illegal subculture |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1741659006061716 |journal=Crime, Media, Culture|language=en |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=93–101 |doi=10.1177/1741659006061716 |s2cid=144911784 |issn=1741-6590}}</ref> |
* [[Graffiti|Graffiti writers]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Snyder |first=Gregory J. |date=2006-04-01 |title=Graffiti media and the perpetuation of an illegal subculture |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1741659006061716 |journal=Crime, Media, Culture|language=en |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=93–101 |doi=10.1177/1741659006061716 |s2cid=144911784 |issn=1741-6590}}</ref> |
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* [[Grebo (music)|Grebo]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Garland |first1=Emma |title=Introducing: The Grown-Up Greebo |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/m7q9z3/what-is-greebo-fashion-subculture |website=[[Vice Media]] |access-date=30 July 2024}}</ref> |
* [[Grebo (music)|Grebo]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Garland |first1=Emma |title=Introducing: The Grown-Up Greebo |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/m7q9z3/what-is-greebo-fashion-subculture |website=[[Vice Media]] |access-date=30 July 2024}}</ref> |
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* [[Grunge]]<ref name=marin>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/11/15/style/grunge-a-success-story.html|title=Grunge: A Success Story|first=Rick|last=Martin| date=November 15, 1992|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> |
* [[Grunge]]<ref name=marin>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/11/15/style/grunge-a-success-story.html|title=Grunge: A Success Story|first=Rick|last=Martin| date=November 15, 1992|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> |
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* [[Guido (slang)|Guido]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Klein |first1=Amanda Ann |title=How MTV's "Jersey Shore" fetishized the Guido, a subversive ethnic stereotype that America disdained |url=https://www.salon.com/2021/03/08/jersey-shore-guido-ethnic-stereotype-mtv-millennials-killed-the-video-star/ |website=[[Salon.com]] |access-date=1 August 2024}}</ref> |
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* [[Guido (slang)|Guido]] / [[Goombah]] |
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* [[Gutter punk]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Adams |first1=Jack |title=Angry, Young and Poor: Our Look at the World of Traveler Kids |url=https://sparechangenews.net/2014/08/angry-young-poor-look-world-traveler-kids/ |access-date=30 July 2024}}</ref> |
* [[Gutter punk]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Adams |first1=Jack |title=Angry, Young and Poor: Our Look at the World of Traveler Kids |url=https://sparechangenews.net/2014/08/angry-young-poor-look-world-traveler-kids/ |access-date=30 July 2024}}</ref> |
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* [[Gyaru]]<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Evers|first1=Izumi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UXPP0rNm-I4C|title=Japanese Schoolgirl Inferno: Tokyo Teen Fashion Subculture Handbook|last2=Macias|first2=Patrick|date=2010-07-01|publisher=Chronicle Books|isbn=978-0-8118-7885-2|language=en}}</ref> |
* [[Gyaru]]<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Evers|first1=Izumi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UXPP0rNm-I4C|title=Japanese Schoolgirl Inferno: Tokyo Teen Fashion Subculture Handbook|last2=Macias|first2=Patrick|date=2010-07-01|publisher=Chronicle Books|isbn=978-0-8118-7885-2|language=en}}</ref> |
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* {{ref|bell_2001|bell 2001}},pages [https://archive.org/details/introductiontocy0000bell/page/179 179-185] |
* {{ref|bell_2001|bell 2001}},pages [https://archive.org/details/introductiontocy0000bell/page/179 179-185] |
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* {{cite book | title = Hacker Culture | first = Douglas | last = Thomas | edition = illustrated | publisher = [[University of Minnesota Press]] | page = [https://archive.org/details/hackerculture00thom_0/page/141 141] |date=2002| url = https://archive.org/details/hackerculture00thom_0 | url-access = registration | isbn = 978-0-8166-3346-3 }}</ref> |
* {{cite book | title = Hacker Culture | first = Douglas | last = Thomas | edition = illustrated | publisher = [[University of Minnesota Press]] | page = [https://archive.org/details/hackerculture00thom_0/page/141 141] |date=2002| url = https://archive.org/details/hackerculture00thom_0 | url-access = registration | isbn = 978-0-8166-3346-3 }}</ref> |
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* [[Halbstarke]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Madsen |first1=Susanne |title=Rebel rebel |url=https://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/17806/1/rebel-rebel |website=[[Dazed]] |access-date=1 August 2024}}</ref> |
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* [[Halbstarke]] |
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* [[Hardcore punk]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Gordon |first1=Calum |title=A look at the subcultural legacy of New Balance |url=https://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/42082/1/a-look-at-the-subcultural-legacy-of-new-balance |website=[[Dazed]] |access-date=30 July 2024}}</ref> |
* [[Hardcore punk]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Gordon |first1=Calum |title=A look at the subcultural legacy of New Balance |url=https://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/42082/1/a-look-at-the-subcultural-legacy-of-new-balance |website=[[Dazed]] |date=13 November 2018 |access-date=30 July 2024}}</ref> |
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* [[Hardline (subculture)|Hardline]]<ref name="Santos, 2014" /> |
* [[Hardline (subculture)|Hardline]]<ref name="Santos, 2014" /> |
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* [[Heavy metal subculture]]<ref name="heavy metal">Sources:{{cite journal | journal = [[Qualitative Sociology]] | title = Three profiles of heavy metal fans: A taste for sensation and a subculture of alienation | first = Jeffrey | last = Arnett |date=December 1993 | doi = 10.1007/BF00989973 | pages = 423–443 | volume = 16 | issue = 4| s2cid = 143389132 }}{{ref|epstein|Epstein}}, pages [https://books.google.com/books?id=Ddlt04RY9x4C&q=heavy+metal+subculture+metalhead&pg=PA265 viii, 13, 265] |
* [[Heavy metal subculture]]<ref name="heavy metal">Sources:{{cite journal | journal = [[Qualitative Sociology]] | title = Three profiles of heavy metal fans: A taste for sensation and a subculture of alienation | first = Jeffrey | last = Arnett |date=December 1993 | doi = 10.1007/BF00989973 | pages = 423–443 | volume = 16 | issue = 4| s2cid = 143389132 }}{{ref|epstein|Epstein}}, pages [https://books.google.com/books?id=Ddlt04RY9x4C&q=heavy+metal+subculture+metalhead&pg=PA265 viii, 13, 265] |
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</ref> |
</ref> |
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* [[Hip hop (culture)]],<ref name="Kovačević, 2018" /> |
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** [[Metalcore]]<ref name="Fashioncore Definitions and Connotations">{{cite web|title=Fashioncore Definitions and Connotations|url=http://www.chemistrydaily.com/chemistry/Fashioncore|access-date=2011-09-14|archive-date=2012-03-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324211804/http://www.chemistrydaily.com/chemistry/Fashioncore|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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* [[Hippie]]<ref>{{ref|ken_gelder|Ken Gelder}} pages: |
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* [[Hip hop (culture)]],<ref name="Kovačević, 2018" /> see also [[Breakdancing|B-boy]], Krump dancing |
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* [[Hippie]]/Hippy<ref>{{ref|ken_gelder|Ken Gelder}} pages: |
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* [https://books.google.com/books?id=46OYHkjZR4AC&q=hippie&pg=PA23 23] chapter "Introduction to part one, by Ken Gelder |
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=46OYHkjZR4AC&q=hippie&pg=PA23 23] chapter "Introduction to part one, by Ken Gelder |
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* [https://books.google.com/books?id=46OYHkjZR4AC&q=hippy+hippies&pg=PA91 91] from chapter "Subcultural conflict" by Phil Cohen |
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=46OYHkjZR4AC&q=hippy+hippies&pg=PA91 91] from chapter "Subcultural conflict" by Phil Cohen |
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* [[hipster (1940s subculture)|Hipster]] – 1940s subculture<ref name="TimeJ" /> |
* [[hipster (1940s subculture)|Hipster]] – 1940s subculture<ref name="TimeJ" /> |
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* [[hipster (contemporary subculture)|Hipster]] – contemporary subculture<ref name="TimeJ">{{cite news | title=Hipsters | author=Dan Fletcher | url=http://www.time.com/time/arts/article/0,8599,1913220,00.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090730232530/http://www.time.com/time/arts/article/0,8599,1913220,00.html | url-status=dead | archive-date=July 30, 2009 | publisher=time.com | date=July 29, 2009 | access-date=November 1, 2009}}</ref> |
* [[hipster (contemporary subculture)|Hipster]] – contemporary subculture<ref name="TimeJ">{{cite news | title=Hipsters | author=Dan Fletcher | url=http://www.time.com/time/arts/article/0,8599,1913220,00.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090730232530/http://www.time.com/time/arts/article/0,8599,1913220,00.html | url-status=dead | archive-date=July 30, 2009 | publisher=time.com | date=July 29, 2009 | access-date=November 1, 2009}}</ref> |
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* [[Hobo]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Happe |first1=Marguerite |title=The Hobo Way of Life |date=19 January 2018 |url=https://artfulliving.com/hobo-way-of-life/ |access-date=1 August 2024}}</ref> |
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* [[Hobo]] |
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* [[Hulkamaniac]] |
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==I== |
==I== |
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* [[Incroyables and merveilleuses]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Smee |first1=Sebastian |title=They kept their heads in the Reign of Terror, then embraced hedonism |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/arts-entertainment/interactive/2023/french-revolution-david-terror/ |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=1 August 2024}}</ref> |
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* [[Incroyables and merveilleuses|Incroyables]] |
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* [[Indie subculture|Indie]]<ref>{{cite web |title=What Does Being "Indie" Even Mean?: A Deep Dive Into The Subculture |url=https://www.strikemagazines.com/blog-2-1/what-does-being-indie-even-mean-a-deep-dive-into-the-subculture |access-date=1 August 2024}}</ref> |
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* [[Indie subculture|Indie]] |
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* [[Industrial music|Industrial]]<ref>{{ref|goolad|Goodlad}}, page [https://books.google.com/books?id=OdpOdIATKOcC&dq=industrial+subculture&pg=PA68 68-71] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217033134/https://books.google.com/books?id=OdpOdIATKOcC&pg=PA68&dq=industrial+subculture |date=2019-12-17 }}</ref> |
* [[Industrial music|Industrial]]<ref>{{ref|goolad|Goodlad}}, page [https://books.google.com/books?id=OdpOdIATKOcC&dq=industrial+subculture&pg=PA68 68-71] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217033134/https://books.google.com/books?id=OdpOdIATKOcC&pg=PA68&dq=industrial+subculture |date=2019-12-17 }}</ref> |
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==J== |
==J== |
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* [[Jampec]]<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Horváth |first1=Sándor |title=Patchwork identities and folk devils: youth subcultures and gangs in socialist Hungary |journal=[[Social History (journal)|Social History]] |date=May 2009 |volume=34 |issue=2 |pages=163–183 |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |doi=10.1080/03071020902879598 |issn=0307-1022 |oclc=859650578}}</ref> |
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* [[Janeite]]s<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Hefferman |first1=Virginia |title=The Pride and Prejudice of Online Fan Culture |url=https://www.wired.com/story/the-pride-and-prejudice-of-online-fan-culture/ |magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|Wire]] |access-date=1 August 2024}}</ref> |
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* [[Juggalo]]<ref>Sources: |
* [[Juggalo]]<ref>Sources: |
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* {{cite journal | title = Heavy Metal Carnival and Dis-alienation: The Politics of Grotesque Realism | author = Karen Bettez Halnon | journal = [[Symbolic Interaction (journal)|Symbolic Interaction]] | date = Winter 2006 | volume = 29 | issue = 1 | pages = 33–48 | doi = 10.1525/si.2006.29.1.33 }} |
* {{cite journal | title = Heavy Metal Carnival and Dis-alienation: The Politics of Grotesque Realism | author = Karen Bettez Halnon | journal = [[Symbolic Interaction (journal)|Symbolic Interaction]] | date = Winter 2006 | volume = 29 | issue = 1 | pages = 33–48 | doi = 10.1525/si.2006.29.1.33 }} |
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* {{cite journal |journal = [[Critical Sociology (journal)|Critical Sociology]] | title = Inside Shock Music Carnival: Spectacle as Contested Terrain | author = Karen Bettez Halnon | volume = 30 | issue = 3 | pages = 743–779 | year = 2004 | doi = 10.1163/1569163042119868 | s2cid = 220912143 }}</ref> |
* {{cite journal |journal = [[Critical Sociology (journal)|Critical Sociology]] | title = Inside Shock Music Carnival: Spectacle as Contested Terrain | author = Karen Bettez Halnon | volume = 30 | issue = 3 | pages = 743–779 | year = 2004 | doi = 10.1163/1569163042119868 | s2cid = 220912143 }}</ref> |
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* [[Modern juggling culture|Juggling]]<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.boston.com/news/local/articles/2007/03/25/up_for_the_count/ | title = Up for the count, Jugglers may pop out on streets this spring, but the real action is in a thriving Hub subculture | work = [[The Boston Globe]] | first = Billy | last = Baker | date = 2007-03-05 | access-date = 2008-08-04 | archive-date = 2016-03-03 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160303223406/http://www.boston.com/news/local/articles/2007/03/25/up_for_the_count/ | url-status = live }}</ref> |
* [[Modern juggling culture|Juggling]]<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.boston.com/news/local/articles/2007/03/25/up_for_the_count/ | title = Up for the count, Jugglers may pop out on streets this spring, but the real action is in a thriving Hub subculture | work = [[The Boston Globe]] | first = Billy | last = Baker | date = 2007-03-05 | access-date = 2008-08-04 | archive-date = 2016-03-03 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160303223406/http://www.boston.com/news/local/articles/2007/03/25/up_for_the_count/ | url-status = live }}</ref> |
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* [[Jock (stereotype)|Jock]] |
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* [[Junglist]] |
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==K== |
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* [[K-pop]] |
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==L== |
==L== |
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* [[Lad culture]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Johnson |first1=Elgar |title=One of the Boys - a GQ Film |url=https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/article/bc/the-new-lad |website=[[GQ]] |date=11 October 2016 |access-date=1 August 2024}}</ref> |
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* [[Lad culture]] |
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* [[La Sape]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mvioki |first1=Christvie |title=The Cultural History of the Congolese Fashion Identity |url=https://www.newwavemagazine.com/single-post/the-cultural-history-of-the-congolese-fashion-identity |access-date=1 August 2024}}</ref> |
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* [[La Sape]] |
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* [[Leather subculture]]<ref>{{cite |
* [[Leather subculture]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Siddons |first1=Edward |title=Why is the gay leather scene dying? |url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/oct/04/why-is-gay-leather-scene-dying |website=[[The Guardian]] |date=4 October 2018 |access-date=31 July 2024}}</ref> |
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* [[Live action role-playing game|Live Action Role-Players (LARPers)]]<ref name="Leppalahti2004">{{cite book |last=Leppälahti|first=Merja|editor=Markus Montola, Jaakko Stenros|title=Beyond Role and Play|chapter=About the Community of Role-Players|publisher=Ropecon ry|chapter-url=http://www.ropecon.fi/brap/ch28.pdf|year=2004|isbn=978-952-91-6843-9|access-date=2009-04-24|archive-date=2010-09-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100911115522/http://www.ropecon.fi/brap/ch28.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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* [[Light academia]] |
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* [[Live action role-playing game|Live Action Role-Players (LARPers)]] |
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* [[Lost (2004 TV series)#Fandom and popular culture|Losties]]<ref name="ABCpress20050512">{{cite press release|url=http://www.thefutoncritic.com/news/2005/05/12/abc-television-and-creation-entertainment-bring-the-official-lost-fan-club-and-special-events-to-cities-around-the-world-18356/20050512abc01/|title=ABC Television and Creation Entertainment bring the Official ''Lost'' Fan Club and Special Events to Cities Around the World|publisher=[[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]]| date=May 12, 2005| access-date=August 29, 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,159667,00.html |title=''Lost'' Fans Hold Convention for Show |first=Don |last=Kaplan |date=June 15, 2005 |publisher=Fox News Channel |access-date=August 29, 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060925022111/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0%2C2933%2C159667%2C00.html |archive-date=September 25, 2006 }}</ref> |
* [[Lost (2004 TV series)#Fandom and popular culture|Losties]]<ref name="ABCpress20050512">{{cite press release|url=http://www.thefutoncritic.com/news/2005/05/12/abc-television-and-creation-entertainment-bring-the-official-lost-fan-club-and-special-events-to-cities-around-the-world-18356/20050512abc01/|title=ABC Television and Creation Entertainment bring the Official ''Lost'' Fan Club and Special Events to Cities Around the World|publisher=[[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]]| date=May 12, 2005| access-date=August 29, 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,159667,00.html |title=''Lost'' Fans Hold Convention for Show |first=Don |last=Kaplan |date=June 15, 2005 |publisher=Fox News Channel |access-date=August 29, 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060925022111/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0%2C2933%2C159667%2C00.html |archive-date=September 25, 2006 }}</ref> |
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* [[Lolita fashion|Lolita]]<ref name="gagne" /><ref>{{cite book | title = Understanding Youth: Perspectives, Identities and Practices | author = [[Mary Jane Kehily]], [[Open University]] | edition = illustrated | publisher = SAGE Publications | year = 2007 | isbn = 978-1-4129-3064-2 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=wm71xZpy_ZkC&q=gothic+lolita+gothi-loli+subculture&pg=PA268 | location = London }}</ref> |
* [[Lolita fashion|Lolita]]<ref name="gagne" /><ref>{{cite book | title = Understanding Youth: Perspectives, Identities and Practices | author = [[Mary Jane Kehily]], [[Open University]] | edition = illustrated | publisher = SAGE Publications | year = 2007 | isbn = 978-1-4129-3064-2 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=wm71xZpy_ZkC&q=gothic+lolita+gothi-loli+subculture&pg=PA268 | location = London }}</ref> |
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==M== |
==M== |
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* [[Maker culture]] |
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* [[Mall goth]]<ref name="Dazed">{{cite web |last1=Rasmussen |first1=Tom |title=The IG documenting the Hot Topic mallgoths of the 90s and 00s |url=https://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/43658/1/instagram-hot-topic-mallgoth-1990smallgoth-nu-metal-marilyn-manson-subculture |website=[[Dazed]] |date=11 March 2019 |access-date=10 January 2021}}</ref> |
* [[Mall goth]]<ref name="Dazed">{{cite web |last1=Rasmussen |first1=Tom |title=The IG documenting the Hot Topic mallgoths of the 90s and 00s |url=https://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/43658/1/instagram-hot-topic-mallgoth-1990smallgoth-nu-metal-marilyn-manson-subculture |website=[[Dazed]] |date=11 March 2019 |access-date=10 January 2021}}</ref> |
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* [[Mangas]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=ANTONOPOULOS |first1=PAUL |title=Brendan Perry discusses migration, mangas and his new English-language Rebetiko album with GCT |url=https://greekcitytimes.com/2020/12/01/brendan-perry-new-rebetiko-album/ |access-date=1 August 2024}}</ref> |
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* [[Mangas]] |
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* [[Metalcore]]<ref name="Fashioncore Definitions and Connotations">{{cite web|title=Fashioncore Definitions and Connotations|url=http://www.chemistrydaily.com/chemistry/Fashioncore|access-date=2011-09-14|archive-date=2012-03-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324211804/http://www.chemistrydaily.com/chemistry/Fashioncore|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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* [[Incroyables and merveilleuses|Merveilleuses]] |
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* [[Military brat (U.S. subculture)|Military brat]] |
* [[Military brat (U.S. subculture)|Military brat]]<ref name="morton">Ender, Morton, "Military Brats and Other Global Nomads", March 2002, Greenwood Publishing Group, {{ISBN|978-0-275-97266-0}}, {{ISBN|0-275-97266-6}}</ref> |
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* [[Mod (subculture)|Mod]],<ref name="ken_gelder_mod">{{ref|ken_gelder|Ken Gelder}} |
* [[Mod (subculture)|Mod]],<ref name="ken_gelder_mod">{{ref|ken_gelder|Ken Gelder}} |
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* [[Muslim]] |
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* [https://books.google.com/books?id=46OYHkjZR4AC&q=mod&pg=PA84 84] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108003512/http://books.google.com/books?id=46OYHkjZR4AC&pg=PA84&vq=mod |date=2014-01-08 }}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=46OYHkjZR4AC&q=mod&pg=PA91 91] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108003454/http://books.google.com/books?id=46OYHkjZR4AC&pg=PA91&vq=mod |date=2014-01-08 }}, from chapter "Subcultural conflict" by Phil Cohen; |
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=46OYHkjZR4AC&q=mod&pg=PA84 84] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108003512/http://books.google.com/books?id=46OYHkjZR4AC&pg=PA84&vq=mod |date=2014-01-08 }}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=46OYHkjZR4AC&q=mod&pg=PA91 91] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108003454/http://books.google.com/books?id=46OYHkjZR4AC&pg=PA91&vq=mod |date=2014-01-08 }}, from chapter "Subcultural conflict" by Phil Cohen; |
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* [https://books.google.com/books?id=46OYHkjZR4AC&q=mod&pg=PA94 94] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108003434/http://books.google.com/books?id=46OYHkjZR4AC&pg=PA94&vq=mod |date=2014-01-08 }}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=46OYHkjZR4AC&q=mod&pg=PA101 101] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108003539/http://books.google.com/books?id=46OYHkjZR4AC&pg=PA101&vq=mod |date=2014-01-08 }}, from chapter "Cultures, subcultures and class", by John Clarke et al.</ref> |
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=46OYHkjZR4AC&q=mod&pg=PA94 94] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108003434/http://books.google.com/books?id=46OYHkjZR4AC&pg=PA94&vq=mod |date=2014-01-08 }}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=46OYHkjZR4AC&q=mod&pg=PA101 101] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108003539/http://books.google.com/books?id=46OYHkjZR4AC&pg=PA101&vq=mod |date=2014-01-08 }}, from chapter "Cultures, subcultures and class", by John Clarke et al.</ref> |
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==N== |
==N== |
||
* [[Nerd]] |
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* [[New Romantic]]<ref>{{cite journal | journal = [[Australian Journal of Cultural Studies]] | title = Why doesn't anybody write anything about Glan Rock? | first = Jon | last = Stratton | volume = 4 | issue = 1 | year = 1986 | pages = 15–38 | url = http://humanities.curtin.edu.au/schools/MCCA/ccs/AJCS_journal/J4V1/J4V1Why%20doesn%27t%20anybody%20write%20anything%20about%20glam%20rock.htm | access-date = 2014-05-03 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150404234939/http://humanities.curtin.edu.au/schools/MCCA/ccs/AJCS_journal/J4V1/J4V1Why%20doesn't%20anybody%20write%20anything%20about%20glam%20rock.htm | archive-date = 2015-04-04 | url-status = dead }}</ref> |
* [[New Romantic]]<ref>{{cite journal | journal = [[Australian Journal of Cultural Studies]] | title = Why doesn't anybody write anything about Glan Rock? | first = Jon | last = Stratton | volume = 4 | issue = 1 | year = 1986 | pages = 15–38 | url = http://humanities.curtin.edu.au/schools/MCCA/ccs/AJCS_journal/J4V1/J4V1Why%20doesn%27t%20anybody%20write%20anything%20about%20glam%20rock.htm | access-date = 2014-05-03 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150404234939/http://humanities.curtin.edu.au/schools/MCCA/ccs/AJCS_journal/J4V1/J4V1Why%20doesn't%20anybody%20write%20anything%20about%20glam%20rock.htm | archive-date = 2015-04-04 | url-status = dead }}</ref> |
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* [[New Age travellers]]<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Fox |first1=Dan |title=Whatever Happened to New Age Travellers? |url=https://www.frieze.com/article/what-happened-to-new-age-travellers |journal=[[Frieze (magazine)|Frieze]] |date=20 March 2014 |issue=162 |access-date=30 July 2024}}</ref> |
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* [[New Age]] |
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* [[New Age travellers]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Fox |first1=Dan |title=Whatever Happened to New Age Travellers? |url=https://www.frieze.com/article/what-happened-to-new-age-travellers |website=[[Frieze (magazine)|Frieze]] |access-date=30 July 2024}}</ref> |
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* [[Naturism|Nudism/Naturism]]<ref>Sources for nudism:{{cite book | title = Empire of Ecstasy: Nudity and Movement in German Body Culture, 1910-1935 | author = Karl Eric Toepfer | publisher = [[University of California Press]] | year = 1997 | isbn = 978-0-520-20663-2 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=FgvYUZh75WwC&q=nudism+subculture&pg=PA31 | page = 31 | author-link = Karl Eric Toepfer | access-date = 2020-11-30 | archive-date = 2021-03-28 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210328132731/https://books.google.com/books?id=FgvYUZh75WwC&q=nudism+subculture&pg=PA31 | url-status = live }} |
* [[Naturism|Nudism/Naturism]]<ref>Sources for nudism:{{cite book | title = Empire of Ecstasy: Nudity and Movement in German Body Culture, 1910-1935 | author = Karl Eric Toepfer | publisher = [[University of California Press]] | year = 1997 | isbn = 978-0-520-20663-2 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=FgvYUZh75WwC&q=nudism+subculture&pg=PA31 | page = 31 | author-link = Karl Eric Toepfer | access-date = 2020-11-30 | archive-date = 2021-03-28 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210328132731/https://books.google.com/books?id=FgvYUZh75WwC&q=nudism+subculture&pg=PA31 | url-status = live }} |
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* {{cite book | title = Human Sex and Sexuality: Second Revised and Enlarged Edition | first1 = Edwin B. | last1 = Steen | first2 = James H. | last2 = Price | publisher = [[Courier Dover Publications]] | year = 1988 | isbn = 978-0-486-25544-6 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=tskaUI5KYLoC&q=nudism+subculture | access-date = 2020-11-30 | archive-date = 2021-03-28 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210328132755/https://books.google.com/books?id=tskaUI5KYLoC&q=nudism+subculture | url-status = live }} Pages: [https://books.google.com/books?id=tskaUI5KYLoC&q=nudism+subcultureg&pg=PA179 179] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225153617/https://books.google.com/books?id=tskaUI5KYLoC&pg=PA179&vq=nudism+subcultureg |date=2021-02-25 }} [https://books.google.com/books?id=tskaUI5KYLoC&q=nudism+subculture&pg=PA194 194-196]</ref> |
* {{cite book | title = Human Sex and Sexuality: Second Revised and Enlarged Edition | first1 = Edwin B. | last1 = Steen | first2 = James H. | last2 = Price | publisher = [[Courier Dover Publications]] | year = 1988 | isbn = 978-0-486-25544-6 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=tskaUI5KYLoC&q=nudism+subculture | access-date = 2020-11-30 | archive-date = 2021-03-28 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210328132755/https://books.google.com/books?id=tskaUI5KYLoC&q=nudism+subculture | url-status = live }} Pages: [https://books.google.com/books?id=tskaUI5KYLoC&q=nudism+subcultureg&pg=PA179 179] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225153617/https://books.google.com/books?id=tskaUI5KYLoC&pg=PA179&vq=nudism+subcultureg |date=2021-02-25 }} [https://books.google.com/books?id=tskaUI5KYLoC&q=nudism+subculture&pg=PA194 194-196]</ref> |
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* [[New Wave (movement)|New Wave]] |
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==O== |
==O== |
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* [[Ofnik]] |
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* [[Otaku]]<ref>{{ref|ken_gelder|Ken Gelder}} pages: [https://books.google.com/books?id=46OYHkjZR4AC&q=otaku+subculture&pg=PA516 516], [https://books.google.com/books?id=46OYHkjZR4AC&q=otaku+subculture&pg=PA550 550]</ref><ref>{{cite book | title = Encyclopedia of Contemporary Japanese Culture | first = Sandra | last = Buckley | year = 2002 | page = 380 | isbn = 978-0-415-14344-8 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=tOaHI25bn-kC&q=otaku+OR+subculture+OR+subcultures+OR+subcultural&pg=PA380 | editor = [[Taylor & Francis]] | publisher = Taylor & Francis | author-link = Sandra Buckley | access-date = 2020-11-30 | archive-date = 2021-03-28 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210328132758/https://books.google.com/books?id=tOaHI25bn-kC&q=otaku+OR+subculture+OR+subcultures+OR+subcultural&pg=PA380 | url-status = live }}</ref> |
* [[Otaku]]<ref>{{ref|ken_gelder|Ken Gelder}} pages: [https://books.google.com/books?id=46OYHkjZR4AC&q=otaku+subculture&pg=PA516 516], [https://books.google.com/books?id=46OYHkjZR4AC&q=otaku+subculture&pg=PA550 550]</ref><ref>{{cite book | title = Encyclopedia of Contemporary Japanese Culture | first = Sandra | last = Buckley | year = 2002 | page = 380 | isbn = 978-0-415-14344-8 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=tOaHI25bn-kC&q=otaku+OR+subculture+OR+subcultures+OR+subcultural&pg=PA380 | editor = [[Taylor & Francis]] | publisher = Taylor & Francis | author-link = Sandra Buckley | access-date = 2020-11-30 | archive-date = 2021-03-28 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210328132758/https://books.google.com/books?id=tOaHI25bn-kC&q=otaku+OR+subculture+OR+subcultures+OR+subcultural&pg=PA380 | url-status = live }}</ref> |
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* [[Otherkin]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Senator Ralph Babet slams Year 8 student who reportedly identifies as a cat |url=https://www.news.com.au/lifestyle/parenting/school-life/senator-ralph-babet-slams-year-8-student-who-reportedly-identifies-as-a-cat/news-story/725171d6caae3d9a65880262e976a774 |access-date=30 July 2024}}</ref> |
* [[Otherkin]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Senator Ralph Babet slams Year 8 student who reportedly identifies as a cat |url=https://www.news.com.au/lifestyle/parenting/school-life/senator-ralph-babet-slams-year-8-student-who-reportedly-identifies-as-a-cat/news-story/725171d6caae3d9a65880262e976a774 |access-date=30 July 2024}}</ref> |
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* {{cite book | title = Imagination beyond nation: Latin American popular culture | author = Eva Paulino Bueno, Terry Caesar, University Library System, Digital Research Library, University of Pittsburgh | publisher = [[University of Pittsburgh Press]] | year = 1998 | isbn = 978-0-8229-5686-0 | pages = 7,14,227–229,230–232,243 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=jxjQdKMDPOYC&q=pachuco+subculture&pg=PA227 | location = Pittsburgh | access-date = 2020-11-30 | archive-date = 2021-03-28 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210328132732/https://books.google.com/books?id=jxjQdKMDPOYC&q=pachuco+subculture&pg=PA227 | url-status = live }} |
* {{cite book | title = Imagination beyond nation: Latin American popular culture | author = Eva Paulino Bueno, Terry Caesar, University Library System, Digital Research Library, University of Pittsburgh | publisher = [[University of Pittsburgh Press]] | year = 1998 | isbn = 978-0-8229-5686-0 | pages = 7,14,227–229,230–232,243 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=jxjQdKMDPOYC&q=pachuco+subculture&pg=PA227 | location = Pittsburgh | access-date = 2020-11-30 | archive-date = 2021-03-28 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210328132732/https://books.google.com/books?id=jxjQdKMDPOYC&q=pachuco+subculture&pg=PA227 | url-status = live }} |
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* {{cite book | title = Beyond the Body Proper: Reading the Anthropology of Material Life | first1 = Margaret M. | last1 = Lock | first2 = Judith | last2 = Farquhar | publisher = Duke Univ. Press | year = 2007 | isbn = 978-0-8223-3845-1 | pages = 349, 355 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=65_wXDavMoUC&q=pachuco+subculture&pg=PA349 | location = Durham | access-date = 2020-11-30 | archive-date = 2021-03-28 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210328132732/https://books.google.com/books?id=65_wXDavMoUC&q=pachuco+subculture&pg=PA349 | url-status = live }} |
* {{cite book | title = Beyond the Body Proper: Reading the Anthropology of Material Life | first1 = Margaret M. | last1 = Lock | first2 = Judith | last2 = Farquhar | publisher = Duke Univ. Press | year = 2007 | isbn = 978-0-8223-3845-1 | pages = 349, 355 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=65_wXDavMoUC&q=pachuco+subculture&pg=PA349 | location = Durham | access-date = 2020-11-30 | archive-date = 2021-03-28 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210328132732/https://books.google.com/books?id=65_wXDavMoUC&q=pachuco+subculture&pg=PA349 | url-status = live }} |
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* {{cite book | title = Generations of Youth: Youth Cultures and History in Twentieth-century America | |
* {{cite book | title = Generations of Youth: Youth Cultures and History in Twentieth-century America | first1 = Joe | last1 = Austin | first2 = Michael | last2 = Willard | edition = illustrated | publisher = New York Univ. Press | year = 1998 | isbn = 978-0-8147-0646-6 | page = [https://archive.org/details/generationsofyou00aust/page/153 153] | url = https://archive.org/details/generationsofyou00aust | url-access = registration | location = New York }} |
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* {{ref|ken_gelder|Ken Gelder}} page: [https://books.google.com/books?id=1jHcXUTNmIwC&q=pachuco+subculture&pg=PA309 309] from chapter: Black hair/style politics by Kobena Mercer</ref> |
* {{ref|ken_gelder|Ken Gelder}} page: [https://books.google.com/books?id=1jHcXUTNmIwC&q=pachuco+subculture&pg=PA309 309] from chapter: Black hair/style politics by Kobena Mercer</ref> |
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* [[Paninaro]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Paninaro How Italian Style and UK Football Culture Collided in the 1980s | date=13 May 2024 |url=https://lowerblock.com/articles/paninaro-how-italian-style-and-uk-football-culture-collided-in-the-1980s/#:~:text=The%20Paninaro%20aesthetic%20was%20a,discussing%20the%20latest%20fashion%20trends. |access-date=1 August 2024}}</ref> |
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* [[Paninaro]] |
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* [[PC Master Race]] |
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* [[Peckerwood]] |
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* [[Pinto (subculture)|Pintos and pintas]]<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Vidales|first=Santiago|date=2019|title=Hemispheric Poetics: raúlsalinas, César Vallejo, and the convergence of Xicanx and Vanguardia poetry|url=https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1214&context=naccs|journal=NACCS Annual Conference Proceedings|pages=117–133}}</ref> |
* [[Pinto (subculture)|Pintos and pintas]]<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Vidales|first=Santiago|date=2019|title=Hemispheric Poetics: raúlsalinas, César Vallejo, and the convergence of Xicanx and Vanguardia poetry|url=https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1214&context=naccs|journal=NACCS Annual Conference Proceedings|pages=117–133}}</ref> |
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* [[Pokemón]]<ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://www.adolescenciaesaude.com/detalhe_artigo.asp?id=269|title=Adolescência, cultura Emo e saúde: o olhar de adolescentes em Fortaleza-CE|first1=Pedro Mesquita de|last1=Sousa|first2=Adriana|last2=Ferreira|first3=Alissan|last3=Martins|first4=Fabiane|last4=Gubert|first5=Ligia|last5=Scopacasa|first6=Jaislâny|last6=Mesquita|first7=Francisco Sampaio|last7=Filho|first8=Paulo Henrique de|last8=Paula|first9=Neiva|last9=Vieira|first10=Patricia|last10=Pinheiro|date=November 11, 2011|journal=Adolescencia e Saude|volume=8|issue=2|pages=11–17|via=www.adolescenciaesaude.com|access-date=October 13, 2013|archive-date=October 14, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014173405/http://www.adolescenciaesaude.com/detalhe_artigo.asp?id=269|url-status=live}}</ref> |
* [[Pokemón]]<ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://www.adolescenciaesaude.com/detalhe_artigo.asp?id=269|title=Adolescência, cultura Emo e saúde: o olhar de adolescentes em Fortaleza-CE|first1=Pedro Mesquita de|last1=Sousa|first2=Adriana|last2=Ferreira|first3=Alissan|last3=Martins|first4=Fabiane|last4=Gubert|first5=Ligia|last5=Scopacasa|first6=Jaislâny|last6=Mesquita|first7=Francisco Sampaio|last7=Filho|first8=Paulo Henrique de|last8=Paula|first9=Neiva|last9=Vieira|first10=Patricia|last10=Pinheiro|date=November 11, 2011|journal=Adolescencia e Saude|volume=8|issue=2|pages=11–17|via=www.adolescenciaesaude.com|access-date=October 13, 2013|archive-date=October 14, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014173405/http://www.adolescenciaesaude.com/detalhe_artigo.asp?id=269|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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* [[Preppy]],<ref>{{cite book | title = Handbook of social psychology | first = John D. | last = DeLamater | edition = illustrated | publisher = [[Springer Science+Business Media|Springer]] | year = 2003 | isbn = 978-0-306-47695-2 | pages = 165–168 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=-x4jOgoadvUC&q=preppies+subcultures&pg=PA165 | author-link = John D. DeLamater | access-date = 2020-11-30 | archive-date = 2021-03-28 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210328132733/https://www.google.com/books/edition/Handbook_of_Social_Psychology/-x4jOgoadvUC?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=preppies+subcultures&pg=PA165&printsec=frontcover | url-status = live }}</ref> |
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* [[Prepper]] |
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* [[Preppy]],<ref>{{cite book | title = Handbook of social psychology | first = John D. | last = DeLamater | edition = illustrated | publisher = [[Springer Science+Business Media|Springer]] | year = 2003 | isbn = 978-0-306-47695-2 | pages = 165–168 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=-x4jOgoadvUC&q=preppies+subcultures&pg=PA165 | author-link = John D. DeLamater | access-date = 2020-11-30 | archive-date = 2021-03-28 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210328132733/https://www.google.com/books/edition/Handbook_of_Social_Psychology/-x4jOgoadvUC?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=preppies+subcultures&pg=PA165&printsec=frontcover | url-status = live }}</ref> see also [[valley girl]] and [[Clique|popular clique]] |
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* [[Psychedelia]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rhymezone.com/r/d=psychedelia |title=RhymeZone - Psychedelia |access-date=25 May 2015 |archive-date=7 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160807065339/http://www.rhymezone.com/r/d=psychedelia |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.memidex.com/psychedelias |title=memidex - Psychedelias |access-date=25 May 2015 |archive-date=17 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217032016/http://www.memidex.com/psychedelias |url-status=live }}</ref> and [[Psychonautics|psychonauts]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.utne.com/community/adventures-through-inner-space-meet-the-psychonauts.aspx |title=Adventures Through Inner Space: Meet the 'Psychonauts' |date=28 November 2000 |access-date=25 May 2015 |archive-date=10 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160810094302/http://www.utne.com/community/adventures-through-inner-space-meet-the-psychonauts.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://hereandnow.wbur.org/2013/06/04/new-designer-drugs |title=New Designer Drugs Are In Legal Gray Area |date=4 June 2013 |access-date=25 May 2015 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304095418/http://hereandnow.wbur.org/2013/06/04/new-designer-drugs |url-status=live }}</ref> |
* [[Psychedelia]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rhymezone.com/r/d=psychedelia |title=RhymeZone - Psychedelia |access-date=25 May 2015 |archive-date=7 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160807065339/http://www.rhymezone.com/r/d=psychedelia |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.memidex.com/psychedelias |title=memidex - Psychedelias |access-date=25 May 2015 |archive-date=17 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217032016/http://www.memidex.com/psychedelias |url-status=live }}</ref> and [[Psychonautics|psychonauts]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.utne.com/community/adventures-through-inner-space-meet-the-psychonauts.aspx |title=Adventures Through Inner Space: Meet the 'Psychonauts' |date=28 November 2000 |access-date=25 May 2015 |archive-date=10 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160810094302/http://www.utne.com/community/adventures-through-inner-space-meet-the-psychonauts.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://hereandnow.wbur.org/2013/06/04/new-designer-drugs |title=New Designer Drugs Are In Legal Gray Area |date=4 June 2013 |access-date=25 May 2015 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304095418/http://hereandnow.wbur.org/2013/06/04/new-designer-drugs |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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* [[Punk subculture]]<ref>{{ref|ken_gelder|Ken Gelder}} pages: |
* [[Punk subculture]]<ref>{{ref|ken_gelder|Ken Gelder}} pages: |
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* [https://books.google.com/books?id=USl1G-903EwC&q=punk&pg=PA121 121-124], [https://books.google.com/books?id=USl1G-903EwC&q=punkb_w&pg=PA127 127-128] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224180341/https://books.google.com/books?id=USl1G-903EwC&pg=PA127&vq=punkb_w |date=2021-02-24 }} from chapter 10 "The meaning of style" by Dick Hebdige |
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=USl1G-903EwC&q=punk&pg=PA121 121-124], [https://books.google.com/books?id=USl1G-903EwC&q=punkb_w&pg=PA127 127-128] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224180341/https://books.google.com/books?id=USl1G-903EwC&pg=PA127&vq=punkb_w |date=2021-02-24 }} from chapter 10 "The meaning of style" by Dick Hebdige |
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* [https://books.google.com/books?id=USl1G-903EwC&q=punk&pg=PA138 138] from chapter "Second-hand dresses and the role of the ragmarket (1989)" by Angela McRobbie</ref> |
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=USl1G-903EwC&q=punk&pg=PA138 138] from chapter "Second-hand dresses and the role of the ragmarket (1989)" by Angela McRobbie</ref> |
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==Q== |
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* [[QAnon]] |
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==R== |
==R== |
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* [[Raggare]]<ref>[http://jalopnik.com/your-guide-to-europes-weirdest-car-culture-raggare-512086377 Jalopnik: Your Guide To Europe's Weirdest Car Culture: Raggare]</ref> |
* [[Raggare]]<ref>[http://jalopnik.com/your-guide-to-europes-weirdest-car-culture-raggare-512086377 Jalopnik: Your Guide To Europe's Weirdest Car Culture: Raggare]</ref> |
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* [[Railfan]]<ref>{{cite book| page=101| publisher=[[Kalmbach Media|Kalmbach Publishing]]| title=N Scale Primer| chapter=Learn the lingo| year=1974| edition=Fourth printing, 1977| location=Milwaukee, WI| last=Larson| first=Russ }}</ref><ref>Kisor, p. 5.</ref> |
* [[Railfan]]<ref>{{cite book| page=101| publisher=[[Kalmbach Media|Kalmbach Publishing]]| title=N Scale Primer| chapter=Learn the lingo| year=1974| edition=Fourth printing, 1977| location=Milwaukee, WI| last=Larson| first=Russ }}</ref><ref>Kisor, p. 5.</ref> |
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** [[Densha Otaku]]<ref>{{cite web |title=What is Otaku Culture - The Obsessive Japanese Pop Culture Fandom Explained |url=https://www.yokogaomag.com/editorial/otaku-culture |access-date=31 July 2024}}</ref> |
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** [[Trainspotters in the United Kingdom|Trainspotters]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Carter |first1=Ian |title=British railway enthusiasm |date=2014 |publisher=Manchester University Press |location=USA |isbn=978-0-7190-6567-5 |page=97 |edition=Second}}</ref> |
** [[Trainspotters in the United Kingdom|Trainspotters]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Carter |first1=Ian |title=British railway enthusiasm |date=2014 |publisher=Manchester University Press |location=USA |isbn=978-0-7190-6567-5 |page=97 |edition=Second}}</ref> |
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* [[Rave]]<ref>Sources: |
* [[Rave]]<ref>Sources: |
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* {{cite book | title = Resituating culture | author = Gavan Titley, Council of Europe. Directorate of Youth and Sport | publisher = [[Council of Europe]] | year = 2004 | isbn = 978-92-871-5396-8 | pages = 181, 183–184 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=jCdO77_24zcC&q=rave+subculture&pg=PA181 | access-date = 2020-11-30 | archive-date = 2021-03-28 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210328132946/https://books.google.com/books?id=jCdO77_24zcC&q=rave+subculture&pg=PA181 | url-status = live }} |
* {{cite book | title = Resituating culture | author = Gavan Titley, Council of Europe. Directorate of Youth and Sport | publisher = [[Council of Europe]] | year = 2004 | isbn = 978-92-871-5396-8 | pages = 181, 183–184 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=jCdO77_24zcC&q=rave+subculture&pg=PA181 | access-date = 2020-11-30 | archive-date = 2021-03-28 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210328132946/https://books.google.com/books?id=jCdO77_24zcC&q=rave+subculture&pg=PA181 | url-status = live }} |
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* {{cite book | title = Introducing Cultural Studies | author = [[Brian Longhurst]], [[Gaynor Bagnall]], Greg Smith, [[Garry Crawford (sociologist)|Garry Crawford]], Scott McCracken, Miles Ogborn, Elaine Baldwin | edition = 2, illustrated | publisher = [[Pearson Education]] | year = 2008 | isbn = 978-1-4058-5843-4 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=jl2dzvtgvbEC&q=rave+subculture+subcultures&pg=PA258 | access-date = 2020-11-30 | archive-date = 2021-03-28 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210328132941/https://books.google.com/books?id=jl2dzvtgvbEC&q=rave+subculture+subcultures&pg=PA258 | url-status = live }}</ref> |
* {{cite book | title = Introducing Cultural Studies | author = [[Brian Longhurst]], [[Gaynor Bagnall]], Greg Smith, [[Garry Crawford (sociologist)|Garry Crawford]], Scott McCracken, Miles Ogborn, Elaine Baldwin | edition = 2, illustrated | publisher = [[Pearson Education]] | year = 2008 | isbn = 978-1-4058-5843-4 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=jl2dzvtgvbEC&q=rave+subculture+subcultures&pg=PA258 | access-date = 2020-11-30 | archive-date = 2021-03-28 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210328132941/https://books.google.com/books?id=jl2dzvtgvbEC&q=rave+subculture+subcultures&pg=PA258 | url-status = live }}</ref> |
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* [[Redneck]] |
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* [[Riot grrrl]]<ref>Sources: |
* [[Riot grrrl]]<ref>Sources: |
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* {{ref|goodlad|Goodlad}}, page [https://books.google.com/books?id=OdpOdIATKOcC&q=riot+grrrl+subculture&pg=PA67 67] |
* {{ref|goodlad|Goodlad}}, page [https://books.google.com/books?id=OdpOdIATKOcC&q=riot+grrrl+subculture&pg=PA67 67] |
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* {{ref|ken_gelder|Ken Gelder}} pages [https://books.google.com/books?id=USl1G-903EwC&q=rudies&pg=PA103 103] from chapter "Cultures, subcultures and class", by John Clarke et al. (rudies = rude boys) |
* {{ref|ken_gelder|Ken Gelder}} pages [https://books.google.com/books?id=USl1G-903EwC&q=rudies&pg=PA103 103] from chapter "Cultures, subcultures and class", by John Clarke et al. (rudies = rude boys) |
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</ref> |
</ref> |
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* [[Roadman|Roadmen]] |
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==S== |
==S== |
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* [[Scene (subculture)|Scene]]<ref name="PopMatters">{{cite web |last1=Stewart |first1=Ethan |title=From Hardcore to Harajuku: the Origins of Scene Subculture |url=https://www.popmatters.com/scene-subculture-origins-hardcore-harajuku |website=[[PopMatters]] |date=25 May 2021 |access-date=25 May 2021 |archive-date=25 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210525180042/https://www.popmatters.com/scene-subculture-origins-hardcore-harajuku |url-status=live }}</ref> |
* [[Scene (subculture)|Scene]]<ref name="PopMatters">{{cite web |last1=Stewart |first1=Ethan |title=From Hardcore to Harajuku: the Origins of Scene Subculture |url=https://www.popmatters.com/scene-subculture-origins-hardcore-harajuku |website=[[PopMatters]] |date=25 May 2021 |access-date=25 May 2021 |archive-date=25 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210525180042/https://www.popmatters.com/scene-subculture-origins-hardcore-harajuku |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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* [[Science fiction fandom]] |
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* [[Scooterboy]]<ref>{{ref|ken_gelder|Ken Gelder}} pages: |
* [[Scooterboy]]<ref>{{ref|ken_gelder|Ken Gelder}} pages: |
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* [https://books.google.com/books?id=46OYHkjZR4AC&q=scooter+subculture&pg=PA90 90], from chapter "Subcultural conflict" by Phil Cohen |
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=46OYHkjZR4AC&q=scooter+subculture&pg=PA90 90], from chapter "Subcultural conflict" by Phil Cohen |
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* [[Seapunk]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Seapunk: scenester in-joke or underground art movement?|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2012/dec/14/seapunk-has-now-gone-pop|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=15 December 2022|accessdate=14 January 2022}}</ref> |
* [[Seapunk]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Seapunk: scenester in-joke or underground art movement?|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2012/dec/14/seapunk-has-now-gone-pop|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=15 December 2022|accessdate=14 January 2022}}</ref> |
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* [[Skate punk|Skater]]<ref>[Penguin Dictionary of Sociology 2006 p.384]</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Skateboarding – Subcultures and Sociology|url=https://knowledge.sk8spt.com/skateboarding-subcultures-and-sociology|publisher=Sk8spt|date=16 February 2021|accessdate=14 January 2022}}</ref> |
* [[Skate punk|Skater]]<ref>[Penguin Dictionary of Sociology 2006 p.384]</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Skateboarding – Subcultures and Sociology|url=https://knowledge.sk8spt.com/skateboarding-subcultures-and-sociology|publisher=Sk8spt|date=16 February 2021|accessdate=14 January 2022}}</ref> |
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* [[Skinhead]] |
* [[Skinhead]]<ref name="skinhead">{{ref|ken_gelder|Ken Gelder}} pages: |
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* [https://books.google.com/books?id=46OYHkjZR4AC&q=skinhead+subculture&pg=PA294 294], from chapter 27 "Posing... threats, striking... poses. Youth, surveillance and display (1983)" by Dick Hebdige |
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=46OYHkjZR4AC&q=skinhead+subculture&pg=PA294 294], from chapter 27 "Posing... threats, striking... poses. Youth, surveillance and display (1983)" by Dick Hebdige |
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* [https://books.google.com/books?id=46OYHkjZR4AC&q=skinhead+subculture&pg=PA339 339], from chapter "Tattoo enthusiasts. Subculture or figuration? (2003)" by Michael Atkinson |
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=46OYHkjZR4AC&q=skinhead+subculture&pg=PA339 339], from chapter "Tattoo enthusiasts. Subculture or figuration? (2003)" by Michael Atkinson |
||
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=46OYHkjZR4AC&q=skinhead+subculture&pg=PA370 370-381], from chapter "Real men, phallicism and fascism (1996)" by Murray Healy |
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=46OYHkjZR4AC&q=skinhead+subculture&pg=PA370 370-381], from chapter "Real men, phallicism and fascism (1996)" by Murray Healy |
||
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=46OYHkjZR4AC&q=skinhead+subculture&pg=PA471 471], chapter "Communities and scenes in popular music (1991)" by Will Straw |
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=46OYHkjZR4AC&q=skinhead+subculture&pg=PA471 471], chapter "Communities and scenes in popular music (1991)" by Will Straw |
||
</ref> |
|||
</ref> See also: [[gay skinhead]],<ref name="skinhead" /> [[Redskin (subculture)|redskin]], [[Trojan skinhead]], [[white power skinhead]], & [[Suedehead (subculture)|suedehead]]<ref name="skinhead_times">{{cite magazine | title = The Skinheads | magazine = [[Time (magazine)|Time]] | date = 1970-06-08 | access-date = 2008-09-27 | url = http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,909318,00.html?promoid=googlep | archive-date = 2013-05-21 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130521073648/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,909318,00.html?promoid=googlep | url-status = dead }}</ref> |
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**[[Gay skinhead]],<ref name="skinhead" /> |
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* [[Soft grunge]] |
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**[[Skinheads Against Racial Prejudice]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Brown|first=Timothy S.|date=2004|title=Subcultures, Pop Music and Politics: Skinheads and "Nazi Rock" in England and Germany|journal=Journal of Social History|language=en|volume=38|issue=1|pages=170|doi=10.1353/jsh.2004.0079|s2cid=42029805|issn=0022-4529}}</ref> |
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* [[Solarpunk]] |
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***[[Redskin (subculture)|Redskin]]<ref name="BronnerClark2016">{{cite book|last1=Bronner|first1=Simon J.|last2=Clark|first2=Cindy Dell|title=Youth Cultures in America [2 volumes]|date=21 March 2016 |isbn=978-1-4408-3392-2|page=622|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA }}</ref> |
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**[[Suedehead (subculture)|Suedehead]]<ref name="skinhead_times">{{cite magazine | title = The Skinheads | magazine = [[Time (magazine)|Time]] | date = 1970-06-08 | access-date = 2008-09-27 | url = http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,909318,00.html?promoid=googlep | archive-date = 2013-05-21 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130521073648/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,909318,00.html?promoid=googlep | url-status = dead }}</ref> |
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**[[Trojan skinhead]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Wright |first1=Lisa |title=The Greatest Indie Labels Of All Time |url=https://www.nme.com/list/the-greatest-indie-labels-of-all-time-1341 |website=[[NME]] |date=6 March 2015 |access-date=1 August 2024}}</ref> |
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**[[White power skinhead]]<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Campbell|first=Alex|date=2006|title=The search for authenticity: An exploration of an online skinhead newsgroup|journal=New Media & Society|language=en-US|volume=8|issue=2|pages=269–294|doi=10.1177/1461444806059875|s2cid=40582514|issn=1461-4448}}</ref> |
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* [[Soulboy]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ica.org.uk/20362/DANCESCHOOL/Subjective-Thoughts-On-A-Neglected-Scene.html |title=Institute of Contemporary Arts : DANCESCHOOL : Subjective Thoughts on a Neglected Scene |access-date=2010-05-06 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101030213606/http://www.ica.org.uk/20362/DANCESCHOOL/Subjective-Thoughts-On-A-Neglected-Scene.html |archive-date=2010-10-30}}</ref> |
* [[Soulboy]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ica.org.uk/20362/DANCESCHOOL/Subjective-Thoughts-On-A-Neglected-Scene.html |title=Institute of Contemporary Arts : DANCESCHOOL : Subjective Thoughts on a Neglected Scene |access-date=2010-05-06 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101030213606/http://www.ica.org.uk/20362/DANCESCHOOL/Subjective-Thoughts-On-A-Neglected-Scene.html |archive-date=2010-10-30}}</ref> |
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* [[Stargate fandom]] |
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* [[Steampunk]]<ref>Sources for steampunk: |
* [[Steampunk]]<ref>Sources for steampunk: |
||
* {{cite news |work= [[IEEE Spectrum]] |title= The steampunk contraptors |first= Erico |last= Gizzo |volume= 45 |issue= 10 |doi=10.1109/MSPEC.2008.4635034 }} |
* {{cite news |work= [[IEEE Spectrum]] |title= The steampunk contraptors |first= Erico |last= Gizzo |volume= 45 |issue= 10 |doi=10.1109/MSPEC.2008.4635034 }} |
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* {{cite journal |journal= E-compos Revista da Associação Nacional Dos Programas de Pós-Graduação Em Comunicação |title= Visões Perigosas: Para uma genealogia do cyberpunk |language= pt |series= 6 |date= August 2006 |page= 7 |volume= Estudos Culturais |url= http://www.compos.org.br/seer/index.php/e-compos/article/view/81/81 |access-date= 2010-01-16 |archive-date= 2009-08-10 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090810051824/http://www.compos.org.br/seer/index.php/e-compos/article/view/81/81 |url-status= live }} |
* {{cite journal |journal= E-compos Revista da Associação Nacional Dos Programas de Pós-Graduação Em Comunicação |title= Visões Perigosas: Para uma genealogia do cyberpunk |language= pt |series= 6 |date= August 2006 |page= 7 |volume= Estudos Culturais |url= http://www.compos.org.br/seer/index.php/e-compos/article/view/81/81 |access-date= 2010-01-16 |archive-date= 2009-08-10 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090810051824/http://www.compos.org.br/seer/index.php/e-compos/article/view/81/81 |url-status= live }} |
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* {{cite journal |journal= [[Famecos]] |title= Subculturas e cibercultura(s): para uma genealogia das identidades de um campo |first= Adriana |last= Amaral |issue= 37 |date= December 2008 |page= footnote 13 in page 6 |language= pt |url= http://revcom2.portcom.intercom.org.br/index.php/famecos/article/view/5553/5037 |access-date= 2010-01-16 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110706161259/http://revcom2.portcom.intercom.org.br/index.php/famecos/article/view/5553/5037 |archive-date= 2011-07-06 |url-status= dead }}</ref> |
* {{cite journal |journal= [[Famecos]] |title= Subculturas e cibercultura(s): para uma genealogia das identidades de um campo |first= Adriana |last= Amaral |issue= 37 |date= December 2008 |page= footnote 13 in page 6 |language= pt |url= http://revcom2.portcom.intercom.org.br/index.php/famecos/article/view/5553/5037 |access-date= 2010-01-16 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110706161259/http://revcom2.portcom.intercom.org.br/index.php/famecos/article/view/5553/5037 |archive-date= 2011-07-06 |url-status= dead }}</ref> |
||
* [[Stilyagi|Stilyaga]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Lewis |first1=Danny |title=When Rock Was Banned in the Soviet Union, Teens Took to Bootlegged Recordings on X-Rays |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/soviet-hipsters-bootlegged-banned-music-bone-records-180957505/ |website=[[Smithsonian Institution]] |access-date=1 August 2024}}</ref> |
|||
* [[Stilyagi|Stilyaga]] |
|||
* [[Straight edge]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Palmer |first1=Elle |title=The Minor Threat song that shaped Thurston Moore |url=https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/the-minor-threat-song-that-shaped-thurston-moore/ |access-date=30 July 2024}}</ref> |
* [[Straight edge]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Palmer |first1=Elle |title=The Minor Threat song that shaped Thurston Moore |date=26 July 2023 |url=https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/the-minor-threat-song-that-shaped-thurston-moore/ |access-date=30 July 2024}}</ref> |
||
* [[Surf culture|Surf]]<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Thorne |first1=Tanis |title=Legends of the Surfer Subculture: Part One |journal=Western Folklore |date=July 1976 |volume=35 |issue=3 |pages=209–217|doi=10.2307/1498346 |jstor=1498346 |url=https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0362n6zn }}</ref> |
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* [[Surf culture|Surf]] |
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* [[Sharpies (Australian subculture)|Sharpies]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Duffy |first1=Conor |title=Sharpie die hards keep Australia's only home-grown youth subculture alive |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-08-31/sharpie-die-hards-use-music-to-keep-subculture-alive/6738658 |website=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]] |date=31 August 2015 |access-date=1 August 2024}}</ref> |
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* [[Sharpies (Australian subculture)|Sharpies]] |
|||
==T== |
==T== |
||
* [[:it:Tamarro|Tamarro]] (Italian subculture from the 90's) |
|||
* [[Teenybopper]]<ref>Sources: |
* [[Teenybopper]]<ref>Sources: |
||
* {{ref|ken_gelder|Ken Gelder}} pages: |
* {{ref|ken_gelder|Ken Gelder}} pages: |
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* [https://books.google.com/books?id=USl1G-903EwC&q=teddy&pg=PA309 309] from chapter "Black hair/style politics" by Kobena Mercer |
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=USl1G-903EwC&q=teddy&pg=PA309 309] from chapter "Black hair/style politics" by Kobena Mercer |
||
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=USl1G-903EwC&q=teddy&pg=PA367 367] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225115427/https://books.google.com/books?id=USl1G-903EwC&pg=PA367&vq=teddy |date=2021-02-25 }}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=USl1G-903EwC&q=teddy&pg=PA372 372] from chapter "Real men, phallicism and fascism (1996)" by Murray Healy</ref> |
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=USl1G-903EwC&q=teddy&pg=PA367 367] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225115427/https://books.google.com/books?id=USl1G-903EwC&pg=PA367&vq=teddy |date=2021-02-25 }}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=USl1G-903EwC&q=teddy&pg=PA372 372] from chapter "Real men, phallicism and fascism (1996)" by Murray Healy</ref> |
||
* [[Tombakowa młodzież]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sołtysiak |first1=Grzegorz |last2=Williams |first2=Dorota |title=Plereza pod naleśnikiem |url=https://www.tygodnikprzeglad.pl/plereza-pod-nalesnikiem/ |website=Tygodnik Przegląd |date=January 2017 |access-date=10 January 2024 |language=Polish |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220618190757/http://www.polska-ihpan.edu.pl/images/Polska07-2005/WA303_78935_B155-Polska-T-7-2005_recenzje.pdf |archive-date=18 June 2022}}</ref> |
|||
* [[Tiki culture]] |
|||
* [[Tombakowa młodzież]] |
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* [[Trekkie]]<ref>Trekkie sources: |
* [[Trekkie]]<ref>Trekkie sources: |
||
* {{cite web | author1 = Chamberlain, Daniel Luke | author2 = Alexander, Malcolm Laurence | title = Personal networks and the social world of ordinary Star Trek fans: Method and first results | year = 2005 | publisher = [[The Sociological Association of Australia]] | work = TASA 2005 Conference Proceedings | url = http://www98.griffith.edu.au/dspace/handle/10072/2442?mode=full | quote = The fans of the science fiction franchise, Star Trek, are known as 'Trekkies' and are the only fan subculture to have an entry in the [[Oxford English Dictionary|OED]]. | access-date = 2008-09-19 | archive-date = 2011-04-11 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110411061047/http://www98.griffith.edu.au/dspace/handle/10072/2442?mode=full | url-status = live }} |
* {{cite web | author1 = Chamberlain, Daniel Luke | author2 = Alexander, Malcolm Laurence | title = Personal networks and the social world of ordinary Star Trek fans: Method and first results | year = 2005 | publisher = [[The Sociological Association of Australia]] | work = TASA 2005 Conference Proceedings | url = http://www98.griffith.edu.au/dspace/handle/10072/2442?mode=full | quote = The fans of the science fiction franchise, Star Trek, are known as 'Trekkies' and are the only fan subculture to have an entry in the [[Oxford English Dictionary|OED]]. | access-date = 2008-09-19 | archive-date = 2011-04-11 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110411061047/http://www98.griffith.edu.au/dspace/handle/10072/2442?mode=full | url-status = live }} |
||
* {{ref|bell_2001|bell 2001}} page [https://archive.org/details/introductiontocy0000bell/page/167 167–169] |
* {{ref|bell_2001|bell 2001}} page [https://archive.org/details/introductiontocy0000bell/page/167 167–169] |
||
* {{cite journal | journal = [[Journal of Consumer Research]] | title = Utopian Enterprise: Articulating the Meanings of Star Trek's Culture of Consumption | first = Robert V. | last = Kozinets | volume = 28 |date=June 2001 | issue = 1 | doi = 10.1086/321948 | pages = 67–88 }}</ref> |
* {{cite journal | journal = [[Journal of Consumer Research]] | title = Utopian Enterprise: Articulating the Meanings of Star Trek's Culture of Consumption | first = Robert V. | last = Kozinets | volume = 28 |date=June 2001 | issue = 1 | doi = 10.1086/321948 | pages = 67–88 }}</ref> |
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==U== |
|||
* [[Unilalianism]] |
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==V== |
==V== |
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==W== |
==W== |
||
* [[Warez scene]]<ref>[http://www.pinkmachine.com/PMP/nr12.pdf Ordered Misbehavior – The Structuring of an Illegal Endeavor] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160808133621/http://www.pinkmachine.com/PMP/nr12.pdf |date=2016-08-08 }} by Alf Rehn. A study of the illegal subculture known as the "warez scene".</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Herman |first1=Andrew |first2=Thomas |last2=Swiss |date=2014-04-08 |title=The World Wide Web and Contemporary Cultural Theory: Magic, Metaphor, Power |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W85QAwAAQBAJ&q=warez+subculture&pg=PA103 |page=103 |isbn=9781135205126 |access-date=25 May 2015 |archive-date=2021-03-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210328133133/https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_World_Wide_Web_and_Contemporary_Cult/W85QAwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=warez+subculture&pg=PA103&printsec=frontcover |url-status=live }}</ref> |
* [[Warez scene]]<ref>[http://www.pinkmachine.com/PMP/nr12.pdf Ordered Misbehavior – The Structuring of an Illegal Endeavor] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160808133621/http://www.pinkmachine.com/PMP/nr12.pdf |date=2016-08-08 }} by Alf Rehn. A study of the illegal subculture known as the "warez scene".</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Herman |first1=Andrew |first2=Thomas |last2=Swiss |date=2014-04-08 |title=The World Wide Web and Contemporary Cultural Theory: Magic, Metaphor, Power |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W85QAwAAQBAJ&q=warez+subculture&pg=PA103 |page=103 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781135205126 |access-date=25 May 2015 |archive-date=2021-03-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210328133133/https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_World_Wide_Web_and_Contemporary_Cult/W85QAwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=warez+subculture&pg=PA103&printsec=frontcover |url-status=live }}</ref> |
||
==Y== |
|||
* [[Yuppie]] |
|||
==Z== |
==Z== |
Revision as of 20:33, 27 August 2024
This is a list of subcultures.
A
B
- Ball culture[2]
- B-boys and b-girls[3]
- BDSM[4]
- Beat Generation and beatniks[5]
- Bikers, see motorcycle clubs and outlaw motorcycle clubs[6]
- Bikini boys[8]
- Bills[9]
- Biopunk[10][11]
- Birdwatching[12]
- Bobby soxers[13]
- Bodybuilding[14]
- Bro[15]
- Bodgies & Widgies[16]
- Bogan[17]
C
- Casuals[18]
- Chonga[19]
- Cosplayers[20]
- Crust punks[21]
- Cryptozoology[22]
- Cyberpunk[23]
- Cybergoth[24]
- Cholos & Cholas[25]
- Chavs[26]
D
- Dark culture[27]
- Dark academia[28]
- Deadhead[29]
- Deaf culture[30]
- Decora[31]
- Demoscene[32]
- Dizelaši[26]
- Drag[33]
- Dresiarz[34]
E
F
G
- Gabber[47]
- Glam rock[48]
- Glam metal[49]
- Gopnik[50]
- Goth subculture[51]
- Graffiti writers[52]
- Greaser[53]
- Grebo[54]
- Grunge[55]
- Guido[56]
- Gutter punk[57]
- Gyaru[58]
H
- Hacker[59]
- Halbstarke[60]
- Hardcore punk[61]
- Hardline[62]
- Heavy metal subculture[63]
- Hip hop (culture),[26]
- Hippie[64]
- Hipster – 1940s subculture[65]
- Hipster – contemporary subculture[65]
- Hobo[66]
I
J
L
- Lad culture[74]
- La Sape[75]
- Leather subculture[76]
- Live Action Role-Players (LARPers)[77]
- Losties[78][79]
- Lolita[20][80]
M
N
O
P
- Pachuco[92]
- Paninaro[93]
- Pintos and pintas[94]
- Pokemón[95]
- Preppy,[96]
- Psychedelia[97][98] and psychonauts[99][100]
- Punk subculture[101]
R
- Raggare[102]
- Railfan[103][104]
- Rave[107]
- Riot grrrl[108]
- Rivethead[62]
- Rockabilly[109]
- Rocker[110]
- Role-playing gamers[111]
- Rude boy[109][112]
S
- Scene[113]
- Scooterboy[114]
- Scouting[115]
- Seapunk[116]
- Skater[117][118]
- Skinhead[119]
- Soulboy[125]
- Steampunk[126]
- Stilyaga[127]
- Straight edge[128]
- Surf[129]
- Sharpies[130]
T
V
W
Z
See also
Notes
- ^ Low, Chris. "Now That's What I Call Anarcho-Punk! Vol. 1". Vice Media. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
- ^ Hughes, Langston (2001). The Collected Works of Langston Hughes. University of Missouri Press. p. 208. ISBN 978-0-8262-1410-2. OCLC 45500326. Retrieved 4 December 2019.
- ^ "B-boys – Subcultures and Sociology". Grinnell College. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
- ^ BDSM sources:
- Juliet Richters, Richard O. de Visser, Chris E. Rissel, Andrew E. Grulich, Anthony M.A. Smith (July 2008). "Demographic and Psychosocial Features of Participants in Bondage and Discipline, "Sadomasochism" or Dominance and Submission (BDSM): Data from a National Survey". Journal of Sexual Medicine. 5 (7): 1660–1668. doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2008.00795.x. PMID 18331257.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Leiblum, Sandra R. (2006). Principles and practice of sex therapy. Guilford Press. pp. 380, 405. ISBN 978-1-59385-349-5.
- Juliet Richters, Richard O. de Visser, Chris E. Rissel, Andrew E. Grulich, Anthony M.A. Smith (July 2008). "Demographic and Psychosocial Features of Participants in Bondage and Discipline, "Sadomasochism" or Dominance and Submission (BDSM): Data from a National Survey". Journal of Sexual Medicine. 5 (7): 1660–1668. doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2008.00795.x. PMID 18331257.
- ^ Wills, Matthew. "How the Beat Generation Became "Beatniks"". Jstor. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
- ^ Thomas, Lou. ""The golden age of motorcycles and that life is now gone": Jeff Nichols on his biker subculture movie The Bikeriders". Retrieved 30 July 2024.
- ^ Kersten, Joachim (2003). "Street Youths, Bosozoku, and Yakuza: Subculture Formation and Societal Reactions in Japan". Crime & Delinquency. 39 (3): 277–295. doi:10.1177/0011128793039003002. S2CID 143674993.
- ^ Bretan, Juliette (23 January 2022). "The Striped-Sock-Wearing Polish Beatniks: The Life & Styles of the Bikiniarze". culture.pl. Retrieved 15 June 2024.
- ^ Trefon, Theodore (2004). Reinventing order in the Congo: how people respond to state failure in Kinshasa (illustrated ed.). Zed Books. p. 138. ISBN 978-1-84277-491-5. Archived from the original on 2016-11-21. Retrieved 2016-09-24.
- ^ Xue, Katherine (2014). "Synthetic Biology's New Menagerie". Harvard Magazine. Archived from the original on 28 July 2017. Retrieved 25 May 2015.
- ^ Haywire, Rachel (20 March 2012). "Becoming Ourselves". Archived from the original on 25 May 2015. Retrieved 25 May 2015.
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Fandom is not only a niche subculture but a way of relating to a wide range of aspects of mediatized society
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{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Lock, Margaret M.; Farquhar, Judith (2007). Beyond the Body Proper: Reading the Anthropology of Material Life. Durham: Duke Univ. Press. pp. 349, 355. ISBN 978-0-8223-3845-1. Archived from the original on 2021-03-28. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
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- Eva Paulino Bueno, Terry Caesar, University Library System, Digital Research Library, University of Pittsburgh (1998). Imagination beyond nation: Latin American popular culture. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press. pp. 7, 14, 227–229, 230–232, 243. ISBN 978-0-8229-5686-0. Archived from the original on 2021-03-28. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
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{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
- Ken Gelder
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{{cite book}}
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- 105, 107 from chapter "Girls and subcultures (1977)" by Angela McRobbie and Jenny Garber
- 126 from chapter 10 "The meaning of style" by Dick Hebdige
- 161-162 from chapter "Symbols of trouble" by Stanley Cohen
- 273 from chapter "Introduction to part five" by Ken Gelder
- 284-287 from chapter "Fashion and revolt (1963)" by T.R. Fyvel
- 309 from chapter "Black hair/style politics" by Kobena Mercer
- 367 Archived 2021-02-25 at the Wayback Machine, 372 from chapter "Real men, phallicism and fascism (1996)" by Murray Healy
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- ^ Trekkie sources:
- Chamberlain, Daniel Luke; Alexander, Malcolm Laurence (2005). "Personal networks and the social world of ordinary Star Trek fans: Method and first results". TASA 2005 Conference Proceedings. The Sociological Association of Australia. Archived from the original on 2011-04-11. Retrieved 2008-09-19.
The fans of the science fiction franchise, Star Trek, are known as 'Trekkies' and are the only fan subculture to have an entry in the OED.
- bell 2001 page 167–169
- Kozinets, Robert V. (June 2001). "Utopian Enterprise: Articulating the Meanings of Star Trek's Culture of Consumption". Journal of Consumer Research. 28 (1): 67–88. doi:10.1086/321948.
- Chamberlain, Daniel Luke; Alexander, Malcolm Laurence (2005). "Personal networks and the social world of ordinary Star Trek fans: Method and first results". TASA 2005 Conference Proceedings. The Sociological Association of Australia. Archived from the original on 2011-04-11. Retrieved 2008-09-19.
- ^ Bunny Bissoux (2015-06-11). "The story of visual kei". Time Out. Retrieved 2017-08-20.
- ^ Ordered Misbehavior – The Structuring of an Illegal Endeavor Archived 2016-08-08 at the Wayback Machine by Alf Rehn. A study of the illegal subculture known as the "warez scene".
- ^ Herman, Andrew; Swiss, Thomas (2014-04-08). The World Wide Web and Contemporary Cultural Theory: Magic, Metaphor, Power. Routledge. p. 103. ISBN 9781135205126. Archived from the original on 2021-03-28. Retrieved 25 May 2015.
- ^ Zazou sources:
- Portis, Larry (2004). French Frenzies: A Social History of Pop Music in France. College Station, TX: Virtualbookworm.com. p. 103. ISBN 978-1-58939-547-3. Archived from the original on 2021-03-28. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
- Crane, Diana (2001). Fashion and Its Social Agendas: Class, Gender, and Identity in Clothing (illustrated ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 183. ISBN 978-0-226-11799-7. Archived from the original on 2021-03-28. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
- Uhlmann, Anthony (1999). Beckett and Poststructuralism. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press. pp. 56–57. ISBN 978-0-521-64076-3. Archived from the original on 2021-03-28. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
References
- Bell, David, ed. (2001). "Cybersubcultures". An Introduction to Cybercultures. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-24659-0.
- Epstein, Jonathon S. (1998). Youth Culture: Identity in a Postmodern World. Malden, Mass.: Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 978-1-55786-851-0.
- Gelder, Ken, ed. (2005). The Subcultures Reader. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-34415-9. Archived from the original on 2021-03-28. Retrieved 2008-08-15.
- Goodlad, Lauren M. E.; Bibby, Michael (2007). Goth. Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0-8223-3921-2. Archived from the original on 2021-03-28. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
- Muggleton, David (2002). Inside Subculture: The Postmodern Meaning of Style. Berg Publishers. ISBN 978-1-85973-352-3.