Johan Beyen: Difference between revisions

His Excellency
Johan Beyen
His Excellency Johan Beyen
	Johan Beyen in 1955
Ambassador of the ; Netherlands to France
	In office; 1 January 1957 – 1 January 1962
Preceded by	Unknown
Succeeded by	Unknown
Ambassador of the ; Netherlands to Germany
	In office; 1 January 1957 – 1 January 1958
Preceded by	Unknown
Succeeded by	Unknown
Minister of Foreign Affairs
	In office; 2 September 1952 – 13 October 1956
Prime Minister	Willem Drees
Preceded by	Dirk Stikker
Succeeded by	Joseph Luns
Personal details
Born	Johan Willem Beijen; 2 May 1897; Utrecht, Netherlands
Died	29 April 1976 (aged 78); The Hague, Netherlands
Political party	Independent Liberal
Spouses	; Petronella Hijmans van Anrooy (m. 1922; div. 1945) ; Margaretha Lubinka (m. 1945)
Children	Has Beyen (1923–2002) ; 1 other son and 1 daughter ; (first marriage) ; 1 stepson (second marriage)
Alma mater	Utrecht University ; (Bachelor of Laws, Master of Laws)
Occupation	Politician · Diplomat · Civil servant · Economist · Financial adviser · Financial analyst · Businessman · Banker · Corporate director · Nonprofit director · Lobbyist

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Johan Willem "Wim" Beyen (2 May 1897 – 29 April 1976) was a Dutch politician and diplomat of Liberal signature and businessman. Beyen played an important role in the creation of the European Economic Community and is regarded as one of the Founding fathers of the European Union.^[1]

Personalia

The official surname of Johan Willem (Wim) Beyen was Beijen, but he preferred to write his name as Beyen because he thought that this name was more appropriate for his international connections (the "ij" digraph only occurs in Dutch).

His father, Karel Hendrik Beijen, was a lawyer. He was the company secretary of the Maatschappij tot Exploitatie van Staatsspoorwegen, one of the Dutch railroad companies. His mother, Louisa Maria Coenen, stemmed from a family of musicians. He had two brothers. One of them was the archeologist Hendrik Gerard Beyen.

In 1922, Wim Beyen married Petronella J.G. (Nelly) Hijmans van Anrooij. They had two sons and a daughter. At the end of the 1930s Beyen had a relationship with the Austrian Margaretha Antonia (Gretel) Lubinka. After World War II his first marriage was dissolved and he married Gretel. This marriage was a very happy one.

Wim Beyen died in 1976.^[2]

Education

Wim Beyen grew up in Utrecht and the neighbouring town of Bilthoven. He studied law at Utrecht University. In 1918, he was awarded a doctorate in law.^[3]

Successful careers in the public and the private sector

After his study Beyen was engaged as a temporary assistant clerk at the Dutch Ministry of Finance.^[3] At that time, he was only 21 years old. Within a few years he rose to the rank of Deputy Treasurer-General.

After 1924, Beyen had several positions in the business sector: secretary of the board of Philips, head of the Dutch branch of the central bank of the Dutch East Indies, director of one of the predecessors of the AMRO Bank, vice president and from 1937 president of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel, and director of Unilever.^[2]

During World War II, he was, in addition to his position at Unilever, financial advisor to the Dutch government in exile in London. In 1944, he headed the Dutch delegation to the Bretton Woods conference where the foundations were laid for the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund.^[4] From 1946, he was the Dutch representative in the board of the World Bank and from 1948 also in that of the IMF.^[2]

Minister of Foreign Affairs

In 1952 Wim Beyen, who did not belong to a political party, was appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs in the Second Drees cabinet. He was asked in order to ensure a better balance of powers within the cabinet. It was an odd situation that Joseph Luns, who was a member of the Catholic People's Party, was Minister without portfolio in the same Ministry. One of the jokes about this construction was "The Netherlands is so small, and therefore their foreign countries altogether are so large, that one Minister of Foreign Affairs is not enough."

The relationship between both ministers was not too good, because they had a completely different style of operating and disagreed about several issues. Beyen, for instance, had serious objections to Luns's attitude in the disputes with Indonesia about Netherlands New Guinea.

After the 1956 elections Beyen's political career came to an end. There was no longer a need for a nonpartisan minister in the cabinet.^[2]

Founder of European integration

Wim Beyen played a very important role in the creation of the European Economic Community.

In August 1954 the plans had collapsed to create a European Political Community and a common defence force, the European Defence Community, as a substitute for the national armies of France, Germany, Italy and the three Benelux countries, when France refused to ratify the Treaty.

Beyen realized that European integration in the political field would be impossible in the near future. He was convinced that had to be begun with economic cooperation, and developed a plan that called for a European common market, combined with the idea of a political community. He was in favour of horizontal integration instead of continuing with a sector by sector integration along the lines of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC).^[5]

On 4 April 1955 he sent a memorandum to his Benelux colleagues Paul-Henri Spaak (Belgium) and Joseph Bech (Luxembourg) in which he proposed his idea of a customs union. In a meeting of the three Foreign Ministers of the Benelux in The Hague on 23 April 1955 they drafted a joint memorandum to present to their colleagues of the ECSC. They finalized the memorandum (the Benelux memorandum) on 18 May 1955 and presented it to the governments of France, Germany and Italy on 20 May 1955. They proposed to discuss in a conference of the six participating countries of the ECSC the way towards a general integration of the European economy.^[2]

This conference, the Messina Conference, was held from 1 to 3 June 1955. Beyen headed the Dutch delegation. The final resolution of the conference largely reflected Beyen's point of view. It formed the basis for further work to relaunch European integration and would lead to the Treaties of Rome in 1957 and the formation of the European Economic Community and Euratom in 1958.^[3]^[6]

Decorations

Ribbon bar	Honour	Country	Date
Honours
	Knight of the Order of the Netherlands Lion	Netherlands	1927
	Grand Officer of the Order of Orange-Nassau	Netherlands	21 November 1956

References

^ "Beijen, Johan Willem (1897-1976)" (in Dutch). Huygens ING. 12 November 2013. Retrieved 28 February 2019.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "BEYEN, Johan Willem" (PDF). www.ru.nl. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-06-16. Retrieved 2024-04-30.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Johan Willem Beyen: a plan for a common market" (PDF). european-union.europa.eu. Retrieved 2024-04-30.
^ Wubs, Ben (7 September 2017). "Beyen at Bretton Woods: "Much More Significant Under the Surface…"". In Scott-Smith, G; Rofe, J (eds.). Global Perspectives on the Bretton Woods Conference and the Post-War World Order. The World of the Roosevelts. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 189–206. ISBN 978-3-319-60891-4.
^ "The Beyen Plan". CVCE. Retrieved 2015-01-16.
^ "Johan Willem Beyen – EU pioneer". european-union.europa.eu. Retrieved 2024-04-30.

External links

Official

(in Dutch) Mr. J.W. (Johan) Beyen Parlement & Politiek

Civic offices
Preceded by Leonardus Trip	Treasurer-General for the Ministry of Finance Ad interim 1923	Succeeded by Arnold van Doorninck
Political offices
Preceded by Dirk Stikker	Minister of Foreign Affairs 1952–1956	Succeeded by Joseph Luns
Diplomatic posts
Preceded by Unknown	Ambassador of the Netherlands to Germany 1957–1958	Succeeded by Unknown
Preceded by Unknown	Ambassador of the Netherlands to France 1958–1962	Succeeded by Unknown
Business positions
Preceded by Office established	Executive Director of the World Bank Group 1946–1948	Succeeded by Unknown
Preceded by Office established	Executive Director of the International Monetary Fund 1946–1948	Succeeded by Unknown

[1] "Beijen, Johan Willem (1897-1976)" (in Dutch). Huygens ING. 12 November 2013. Retrieved 28 February 2019.

[:0-2] "BEYEN, Johan Willem" (PDF). www.ru.nl. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-06-16. Retrieved 2024-04-30.

[:1-3] "Johan Willem Beyen: a plan for a common market" (PDF). european-union.europa.eu. Retrieved 2024-04-30.

[4] Wubs, Ben (7 September 2017). "Beyen at Bretton Woods: "Much More Significant Under the Surface…"". In Scott-Smith, G; Rofe, J (eds.). Global Perspectives on the Bretton Woods Conference and the Post-War World Order. The World of the Roosevelts. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 189–206. ISBN 978-3-319-60891-4.

[5] "The Beyen Plan". CVCE. Retrieved 2015-01-16.

[6] "Johan Willem Beyen – EU pioneer". european-union.europa.eu. Retrieved 2024-04-30.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{short description|Dutch politician and diplomat}}
 {{Infobox officeholder
 |honorific-prefix   = [[Excellency|His Excellency]]
@@ Line 28: / Line 29: @@
 |nationality        = [[Netherlands|Dutch]]
 |party              = [[Independent politician|Independent Liberal]]
-|spouse             = {{marriage|Petronella Hijmans van Anrooy|28 March 1922|26 October 1945|reason=divorced}} <br/> {{marriage|Margaretha Lubinka|14 November 1945|29 April 1976|reason=his death}}
+|spouse             = {{plainlist|
+* {{marriage|Petronella Hijmans van Anrooy|28 March 1922|26 October 1945|reason=divorced}}
+* {{marriage|Margaretha Lubinka|14 November 1945}}
+}}
 |children           = [[Has Beyen]] (1923–2002) <br/> 1 other son and 1 daughter <br/> (first marriage) <br/> 1 stepson (second marriage)
 |residence          =
 |alma_mater         = [[Utrecht University]] <br/> <small>([[Bachelor of Laws]], [[Master of Laws]])</small>
-|occupation         = [[Politician]] · [[Diplomat]] · [[Civil service|Civil servant]] · [[Economist]] · [[Financial adviser]] · [[Financial analyst]] · [[Businessperson|Businessman]] · [[Bank|Banker]] · [[Board of directors|Corporate director]] · [[Board of directors|Nonprofit director]] · [[Lobbying|Lobbyist]]
+|occupation         = [[Politician]] · [[Diplomat]] · [[Civil service|Civil servant]] · [[Economist]] · [[Financial adviser]] · [[Financial analyst]] · [[Businessperson|Businessman]] · [[Bank]]er · [[Board of directors|Corporate director]] · [[Board of directors|Nonprofit director]] · [[Lobbying|Lobbyist]]
 |signature          =
 |website            =
 }}
-'''Johan Willem "Wim" Beyen''' (2 May 1897 – 29 April 1976) was a [[Netherlands|Dutch]] politician and diplomat of [[Independent politician|Liberal]] signature and businessman. Beyen played an important role in the creation of the [[European Economic Community]] and is regarded as one of the [[Founding fathers of the European Union]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/bwn1880-2000/lemmata/bwn1/bwn2/bwn2/beijen|title=Beijen, Johan Willem (1897-1976)|publisher=Huygens ING|date=12 November 2013|accessdate=28 February 2019|language=nl}}</ref>
+'''Johan Willem "Wim" Beyen''' (2 May 1897 – 29 April 1976) was a Dutch politician and diplomat of [[Independent politician|Liberal]] signature and businessman. Beyen played an important role in the creation of the [[European Economic Community]] and is regarded as one of the [[Founding fathers of the European Union]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/bwn1880-2000/lemmata/bwn1/bwn2/bwn2/beijen|title=Beijen, Johan Willem (1897-1976)|publisher=Huygens ING|date=12 November 2013|access-date=28 February 2019|language=nl}}</ref>
 == Personalia ==
@@ Line 46: / Line 50: @@
 In 1922, Wim Beyen married Petronella J.G. (''Nelly'') Hijmans van Anrooij. They had two sons and a daughter. At the end of the 1930s Beyen had a [[Interpersonal relationship|relationship]] with the [[Austria]]n Margaretha Antonia (''Gretel'') Lubinka. After [[World War II]] his first marriage was dissolved and he married Gretel. This marriage was a very happy one.
+Wim Beyen died in 1976.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=BEYEN, Johan Willem |url=https://www.ru.nl/publish/pages/816038/beyen-jw-20_march2018.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190616115830/https://www.ru.nl/publish/pages/816038/beyen-jw-20_march2018.pdf |archive-date=2019-06-16 |access-date=2024-04-30 |website=www.ru.nl}}</ref>
-Wim Beyen died in 1976.
 == Education ==
-Wim Beyen grew up in Utrecht and the neighbouring town of [[Bilthoven]]. He studied [[law]] at [[Utrecht University]]. In 1918, he was awarded a [[doctorate]] in law.
+Wim Beyen grew up in Utrecht and the neighbouring town of [[Bilthoven]]. He studied [[law]] at [[Utrecht University]]. In 1918, he was awarded a [[doctorate]] in law.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Johan Willem Beyen: a plan for a common market |url=https://european-union.europa.eu/system/files/2021-06/eu-pioneers-johan-willem-beyen_en_0.pdf |access-date=2024-04-30 |website=european-union.europa.eu}}</ref>
 == Successful careers in the public and the private sector  ==
-After his study Beyen was engaged as a temporary assistant [[clerk]] at the Dutch [[Ministry of Finance (Netherlands)|Ministry of Finance]]. At that time, he was only 21 years old. Within a few years he rose to the rank of Deputy [[Treasurer|Treasurer-General]].
+After his study Beyen was engaged as a temporary assistant [[clerk]] at the Dutch [[Ministry of Finance (Netherlands)|Ministry of Finance]].<ref name=":1" /> At that time, he was only 21 years old. Within a few years he rose to the rank of Deputy [[Treasurer|Treasurer-General]].
-After 1924, Beyen had several positions in the [[business]] sector: secretary of the board of [[Philips]], head of the Dutch branch of the [[central bank]] of the [[Dutch East Indies]], director of one of the predecessors of the [[AMRO Bank]], vice president and from 1937 president of the [[Bank for International Settlements]] in [[Basel]], and director of [[Unilever]].
+After 1924, Beyen had several positions in the [[business]] sector: secretary of the board of [[Philips]], head of the Dutch branch of the [[central bank]] of the [[Dutch East Indies]], director of one of the predecessors of the [[AMRO Bank]], vice president and from 1937 president of the [[Bank for International Settlements]] in [[Basel]], and director of [[Unilever]].<ref name=":0" />
-During [[World War II]], he was, in addition to his position at Unilever, financial advisor to the [[Dutch government in exile]] in [[London]]. In 1944, he played an important role during the [[United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference|Bretton Woods conference]] where the foundations were laid for the [[World Bank]] and the [[International Monetary Fund]]. From 1946, he was the Dutch representative in the board of the World Bank and from 1948 also in that of the IMF.
+During [[World War II]], he was, in addition to his position at Unilever, financial advisor to the [[Dutch government in exile]] in [[London]]. In 1944, he headed the Dutch delegation to the [[Bretton Woods conference]] where the foundations were laid for the [[World Bank]] and the [[International Monetary Fund]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Wubs |first1=Ben |editor1-last=Scott-Smith |editor1-first=G |editor2-last=Rofe |editor2-first=J |title=Global Perspectives on the Bretton Woods Conference and the Post-War World Order. The World of the Roosevelts |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |location=Cham |isbn=978-3-319-60891-4 |pages=189–206 |chapter=Beyen at Bretton Woods: “Much More Significant Under the Surface…”|date=7 September 2017 }}</ref> From 1946, he was the Dutch representative in the board of the World Bank and from 1948 also in that of the IMF.<ref name=":0" />
 == Minister of Foreign Affairs ==
 In 1952 Wim Beyen, who did not belong to a [[political party]], was appointed [[Foreign minister|Minister of Foreign Affairs]] in the [[Second Drees cabinet]]. He was asked in order to ensure a better balance of powers within the cabinet. It was an odd situation that [[Joseph Luns]], who was a member of the [[Catholic People's Party]], was [[Minister without portfolio]] in the same [[Ministry (government department)|Ministry]]. One of the jokes about this construction was "The Netherlands is so small, and therefore their foreign countries altogether are so large, that one Minister of Foreign Affairs is not enough."
-The relationship between both ministers was not too good, because they had a completely different style of operating and disagreed about several issues. Beyen, for instance, had serious objections to Luns' attitude in the disputes with [[Indonesia]] about [[Netherlands New Guinea]].
+The relationship between both ministers was not too good, because they had a completely different style of operating and disagreed about several issues. Beyen, for instance, had serious objections to Luns's attitude in the disputes with [[Indonesia]] about [[Netherlands New Guinea]].
-After the 1956 elections Beyen's political career came to an end. There was no longer a need for a [[nonpartisan]] minister in the cabinet.
+After the 1956 elections Beyen's political career came to an end. There was no longer a need for a [[Nonpartisanism|nonpartisan]] minister in the cabinet.<ref name=":0" />
 == Founder of European integration ==
@@ Line 71: / Line 75: @@
 Wim Beyen played a very important role in the creation of the [[European Economic Community]].
-In August 1954 the plans had collapsed to create a [[European Political Community]] and a common defence force, the [[European Defence Community]], as a substitute for the national armies of [[France]], [[West Germany|Germany]], [[Italy]] and the three [[Benelux]] countries, when France refused to ratify the Treaty.
+In August 1954 the plans had collapsed to create a [[European Political Community (1952)|European Political Community]] and a common defence force, the [[European Defence Community]], as a substitute for the national armies of [[France]], [[West Germany|Germany]], [[Italy]] and the three [[Benelux]] countries, when France refused to ratify the Treaty.
-Beyen realized that [[European integration]] in the political field would be impossible in the near future. He was convinced that had to be begun with economic cooperation, and developed a plan that called for a European [[common market]], combined with the idea of a political community. He was in favour of [[horizontal integration]] instead of continuing with a sector by sector integration along the lines of the [[European Coal and Steel Community]] (ECSC).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cvce.eu/recherche/unit-content/-/unit/en/3cb9e142-6ac4-4184-8794-fc3cf619cf33/6b18f73f-88d7-4596-83a8-c6052b352bd4/Resources#197af558-d77d-40aa-b517-ba468d61919e_en&overlay |title=The Beyen Plan |publisher=CVCE |date= |accessdate=2015-01-16}}</ref>
+Beyen realized that [[European integration]] in the political field would be impossible in the near future. He was convinced that had to be begun with economic cooperation, and developed a plan that called for a European [[common market]], combined with the idea of a political community. He was in favour of [[horizontal integration]] instead of continuing with a sector by sector integration along the lines of the [[European Coal and Steel Community]] (ECSC).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cvce.eu/recherche/unit-content/-/unit/en/3cb9e142-6ac4-4184-8794-fc3cf619cf33/6b18f73f-88d7-4596-83a8-c6052b352bd4/Resources#197af558-d77d-40aa-b517-ba468d61919e_en&overlay |title=The Beyen Plan |publisher=CVCE |access-date=2015-01-16}}</ref>
-On 4 April 1955 he sent a memorandum to his [[Benelux]] colleagues [[Paul-Henri Spaak]] ([[Belgium]]) and [[Joseph Bech]] ([[Luxembourg]]) in which he proposed his idea of a [[customs union]]. In a meeting of the three Foreign Ministers of the [[Benelux]] in [[The Hague]] on 23 April 1955 they drafted a joint memorandum to present to their colleagues of the ECSC. They finalized the memorandum (the [[Benelux memorandum]]) on 18 May 1955 and presented it to the governments of France, Germany and Italy on 20 May 1955. They proposed to discuss in a conference of the six participating countries of the ECSC the way towards a general integration of the [[European economy]].
+On 4 April 1955 he sent a memorandum to his [[Benelux]] colleagues [[Paul-Henri Spaak]] ([[Belgium]]) and [[Joseph Bech]] ([[Luxembourg]]) in which he proposed his idea of a [[customs union]]. In a meeting of the three Foreign Ministers of the [[Benelux]] in [[The Hague]] on 23 April 1955 they drafted a joint memorandum to present to their colleagues of the ECSC. They finalized the memorandum (the [[Benelux memorandum]]) on 18 May 1955 and presented it to the governments of France, Germany and Italy on 20 May 1955. They proposed to discuss in a conference of the six participating countries of the ECSC the way towards a general integration of the [[European economy]].<ref name=":0" />
-This conference, the [[Messina Conference]], was held from 1 to 3 June 1955. Beyen headed the Dutch delegation. The final resolution of the conference largely reflected Beyen's point of view. It formed the basis for further work to relaunch European integration and would lead to the [[Treaties of Rome]] in 1957 and the formation of the European Economic Community and [[Euratom]] in 1958.
+This conference, the [[Messina Conference]], was held from 1 to 3 June 1955. Beyen headed the Dutch delegation. The final resolution of the conference largely reflected Beyen's point of view. It formed the basis for further work to relaunch European integration and would lead to the [[Treaties of Rome]] in 1957 and the formation of the European Economic Community and [[Euratom]] in 1958.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Johan Willem Beyen – EU pioneer |url=https://european-union.europa.eu/principles-countries-history/history-eu/eu-pioneers/johan-willem-beyen_en |access-date=2024-04-30 |website=european-union.europa.eu |language=en}}</ref>
 ==Decorations==
@@ Line 107: / Line 111: @@
 ;Official
-* {{nl icon}} [https://www.parlement.com/id/vg09llhs5qyi/j_w_johan_beyen Mr. J.W. (Johan) Beyen] Parlement & Politiek
+* {{in lang|nl}} [https://www.parlement.com/id/vg09llhs5qyi/j_w_johan_beyen Mr. J.W. (Johan) Beyen] Parlement & Politiek
 {{s-start}}
@@ Line 140: / Line 144: @@
 [[Category:1897 births]]
 [[Category:1976 deaths]]
-[[Category:Advocates of the European Union]]
 [[Category:Ambassadors of the Netherlands to France]]
 [[Category:Ambassadors of the Netherlands to Germany]]
@@ Line 168: / Line 171: @@
 [[Category:Knights of the Order of the Netherlands Lion]]
 [[Category:Monetarists]]
-[[Category:Ministers of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands]]
+[[Category:Ministers of foreign affairs of the Netherlands]]
 [[Category:People from De Bilt]]
-[[Category:People from Utrecht (city)]]
+[[Category:Politicians from Utrecht (city)]]
 [[Category:Unilever people]]
 [[Category:Utrecht University alumni]]
@@ Line 179: / Line 182: @@
 [[Category:20th-century Dutch economists]]
 [[Category:20th-century Dutch politicians]]
+[[Category:Member of the Mont Pelerin Society]]

v t e Second Drees cabinet (1952–1956)
Preceded: First Drees cabinet Succeed: Third Drees cabinet
Prime Minister	Willem Drees (General Affairs)
Deputy Prime Minister	Louis Beel (Interior) (1952–1956)
Ministers	Julius Christiaan van Oven (Interior) (Ad interim) Johan Beyen (Foreign Affairs) Jo van de Kieft (Finance) Leendert Antonie Donker (Justice) (1952–1956) (†) Louis Beel (Justice) (Ad interim) Julius Christiaan van Oven (Justice) (from 1956) Jelle Zijlstra (Economic Affairs) Kees Staf (War and the Navy) Ko Suurhoff (Social Affairs and Health) Jo Cals (Education, Arts and Sciences) Jacob Algera (Transport and Water Management) Sicco Mansholt (Agriculture, Fisheries and Food Supplies) Herman Witte (Reconstruction and Housing) Louis Beel (Social Work) (Ad interim) Frans-Jozef van Thiel (Social Work) Willem Kernkamp (Colonial Affairs) (1952–1956) (†) Kees Staf (Colonial Affairs) (1956–1957) (Ad interim)
Ministers without portfolio	A. C. de Bruijn (Economic Policy) Joseph Luns (United Nations Affairs and Colonial Policy)
State Secretaries	Willem Hendrik van den Berge (Finance) Gerard Veldkamp (Economic Affairs) Ferdinand Kranenburg (War) Harry Moorman (Navy) Aat van Rhijn (Social Affairs and Health) Piet Muntendam (Social Affairs and Health) (1952–1953) Anna de Waal (Education, Arts and Sciences)

Authority control databases
International	ISNI VIAF WorldCat
National	Germany United States France BnF data Netherlands Poland Israel
People	Netherlands Deutsche Biographie
Other	IdRef